Download coordinates as:
80-658: Orientale may refer to: Orientale Province , a former province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Mare Orientale , a major surface feature of the Earth's Moon Purosangue Orientale , a breed of horse See also [ edit ] Oriental Orient (disambiguation) All pages with titles containing Orientale All pages with titles containing Orientales Topics referred to by
160-587: A bend to a confluence with the Congo River ; at the alteration of the waterways lies the city of Kisangani. Much of Kisangani City is built on land with the Tshopo River on its north and the Congo River on its south. Many tributaries and islands are intertwined, conducive to moving inland waterways. Tidal straits separate L'Île Mbiye from the mainland of Kisangani City. The seven cataracts have
240-625: A decree establishing nine districts within the colony, including Stanley Falls District , each governed by a district commissioner. In 1887, Stanley proposed Tippu Tip as the governor ( wali ) of the Stanley Falls District, a proposal accepted by both Leopold II and Barghash bin Said . Tippu Tip assumed the position on 24 February 1887, and Stanley Falls District remained under Arab control until June 1888. However, hostilities resumed, and Arab Swahili influence in Stanley Falls District
320-587: A distinct local culture. The city's waterfront allure and nightlife has attracted residents and tourists alike. As a Central African city, Kisangani shares many cultural characteristics with the rest of the continent. It has a tradition of producing African jazz , Congolese rumba , soukous , African folk, and ndombolo music. The city has also produced much talent in the fields of visual arts , theatre, music, and dance. Some of its better known popular culture residents include Abeti Masikini , Anne-Sylvie Mouzon , Barly Baruti , Koffi Olomide and Moreno. Yet, being at
400-572: A large stage show, 10 booths that host libraries , internet cafes , sewing stations, interactive gaming machines and cafeterias . The cultural space in Kisangani provides multitudes of beauty pageants a platform to exchange experiences, provide mentoring consultation and hosting of training seminars. Miss Boyoma is annually held in December, organized by the cities' authority to determine the most beautiful girl in Kisangani. Elysée of 17 years old
480-555: A legacy of historic and architectural interest, especially in the downtown area. Rosaire of Notre-Dame Cathedral, Central Market and the impressive 19th century headquarters of all major Kisangani banks on 1st Avenue. Kisangani holds a campus of the National University of the Congo , which includes the renowned Medicine Faculty, also known because of the refuted oral polio vaccine AIDS hypothesis . Kisangani also maintains
560-509: A major marketing and distribution centre for the north-eastern part of the country. It has been the commercial capital of the northern Congo since the late 19th century. Before Henry Morton Stanley , working on behalf of King Leopold II of the Belgians , founded what would become Stanley Falls Station in 1883, the area was inhabited by Wagenya , who used Wagenia Falls (which was formerly named Stanley Falls) for fishing. The station
640-493: A marshy tropical rainforest, which endows it with abundant natural resources . Its strategic position at a key freight breakpoint on the river also makes Stanleyville a vital hub for communications and goods transshipment operations. During the Belgian Congo colonial period, Stanleyville's urban structure comprised a commercial center and residential districts for Europeans (Belgians, Portuguese) and Asians, separated from
720-562: A natural transportation waterway for much of the Congo Basin , has helped the city grow in significance as a trading city. The city is bordered by Banalia Territory to the north, Ubundu and Opala territories to the south, Isangi to the west, and Bafwasende municipalities to the east. Kisangani lies 324 km from Buta , 572 kilometres (355 mi) from Isiro , 696 kilometres (432 mi) from Bunia and 2,912 kilometres (1,809 mi) from Kinshasa . The city's topography
800-663: A thousand fish in Stanley Falls, each weighing between two and twenty kilograms, were caught daily, with the Wagenya maintaining significant reserves of smoked fish for trade. The trade network extended beyond foodstuffs to include canoes, fishing nets, pottery, wooden utensils, and metallic objects crafted by specialized artisans, often from distinct ethnic groups, such as the Ramangas, renowned for their expertise in canoe and wooden furniture manufacturing. Stanley returned to
880-433: A total drop of 61 meters (200 feet). Wagenia Falls where the fishery is installed on the rapids can be seen. The soil in Kisangani is typical of the central Congo Basin , characterized by red ochre ferralitic soils, also known as Ferralsols or Oxisols . These soils are known for their considerable thickness, red to yellow coloring, and acidic pH (less than 6). The low silica sesquioxide ratio of
SECTION 10
#1732765963260960-434: Is Miss Boyoma 2009. Other live music genres which are part of the city's cultural heritage include Kisangani Blues, Kisangani Soul, African Jazz , soukous and gospel . The city is the birthplace of Congolese legendary musicians Abeti Masikini and Koffi Olomide and is the site of an influential nu-rumba scene. In the 1950s, the city was a center for African Folk, soukous and African jazz . This influence continued into
1040-631: Is also the city of world-famous choreographer and stage director Faustin Linyekula. Since 2007, the Studios Kabako, the cultural organization he founded in Kinshasa in 2001, has been resettled in Kisangani. There, the Studios Kabako have been accompanying the debuts of young Congolese artists from training to production and touring, in the fields of dance, theatre, music and video. The rising generation of young dancers and choreographers trained by
1120-469: Is an ecosystem with a well preserved dense forest. The Island has an area of 1,400 ha, and it comprises three types of forest: dry land forest, periodically flooded forest and swampy forest. The Island is situated on the Congo River in the eastern part of Kisangani. It is located upstream of the Wagenia Falls , between latitude 0°31' North and longitude 25°11' East, with 376 m of altitude. It adjoins
1200-514: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Orientale Province Orientale Province ( French : Province orientale , lit. 'Eastern province') is one of the former provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and its predecessors the Congo Free State and the Belgian Congo . It went through a series of boundary changes between 1898 and 2015, when it
1280-406: Is diverse, with a population density of 229 residents per km . It sits in the midst of the vast and isolated Congo Basin, the second largest tropical woodlands on the planet. It is located at 0° 31' north latitude (57 km from the equator), 25° 11' east longitude from the meridian of Greenwich and 396 metres (1,299 ft) above sea level . The altitude fluctuates across different plateaus, with
1360-907: Is encircled by several significant forest islands , which are more or less on the outskirts and positioned relatively distant from the city center. Notable among these floral islets are Mbie Island, characterized by patches of degraded primary forests and secondary forests dominated by Gilbertiodendron dewevrei and Scorodophloeus zenkeri . The Kilometer 25 Rail Forest Reserve, sprawling over 3,370 hectares, has been reforested with diverse tree species, including Terminalia superba , Pericopsis elata , Entandrophragma cylindricum , and Khaya anthotheca . The Kilometer 32 Rail Forest Reserve, covering 3,605 hectares, also features reforestation efforts with species such as Khaya spp ., Entandrophragma cylindricum , and Terminalia superba , with 95 hectares specifically designated for reforestation. The Babagulu Forest Reserve, spanning an area of 2,360 hectares along
1440-620: Is encircled by several significant forested reserves: Kisangani Arboretum : Covering 60 hectares, this artificial forest represents a state of secondary forest with 43 cultivated tree species from 21 botanical families, including Caesalpiniaceae, Meliaceae , and Sapotaceae . The arboretum contains spontaneous trees from the pre-existing forest, such as Autranella congolensis , Donella pruniformis , Omphalocarpa procera , Gilbertiodendron dewevrei , Strombosiopsis tetrandra , Cynometra alexandrii , Entandrophragma angolense , Guarea cedrata , and Pericopsis elata . Kisangani
1520-466: Is little diurnal variability. The average temperature at Kisangani is in the mid-20s°C (mid-70s°F). Kisangani is also a beneficiary of a cool breeze that often blows off the Congo River . Modern, multi-storey buildings of brick emerge from the dense walls of the vast Congo Basin jungle. Multiple kinds and scales of houses, townhouses , condominia , and apartment buildings can be found in Kisangani. The building form most closely associated with Kisangani
1600-486: Is of Belgium influence, whose introduction and widespread adoption in colonial times saw Kisangani's buildings shift from the thatch African tradition to the low-scale and vertical rise of European business districts. Kisangani has architecturally significant buildings in a wide range of styles still in their original form. These include the Aumonerie which is distinctive for its facade using visible stone-tone to evoke
1680-428: Is often defined by the elegant villas with tiled roofs of old Belgian influence, brownstone rowhouses , townhouses , and tenements that were built during a period of rapid expansion from 1908 to 1950. Large swaths of Kisangani's rural residential areas away from the city centre are characterized by continual strings of villages unfolding, each composed of thatched roof tops built from the early 20th century through to
SECTION 20
#17327659632601760-472: Is the capital of Tshopo Province , located on the Congo River in the eastern part of the central Congo Basin in the Democratic Republic of the Congo . It is the country's fifth most populous urban area, with an estimated population of 1,602,144 as of 2018, and the largest of the cities in the tropical woodlands of the Congo. Geographically, Kisangani is flanked by Banalia Territory to
1840-722: Is the largest in the world of its kind. Other popular festivals include the Kisangani Jazz Festival, Kisangani Film Festival, Nuits d'Afrique and the Kisangani Fireworks Festival. Strongly influenced by the city's immigrants, productions such as those of Barly Baruti and others used song in narratives that often reflected themes of hope and ambition. Artists of all cultural disciplines in Kisangani such as musicians, stage actors, comedians, fashion, cultural operators, draftsmen , folk music , painters, sculptors, and silkscreen meet annually for
1920-475: The Belgian Congo from the District of Orientale Province, expanded to include Haut-Uélé, Bas-Uélé and Aruwimi. The new province contained the districts of Bas-Uele , Haut-Uele , Ituri , Stanleyville , Aruwimi , Maniema , Lowa and Kivu . It was divided in 1933 into Costermansville (later Kivu) and Stanleyville Province. Stanleyville Province was renamed Orientale/Oost Province from 1947 to 1963, when it
2000-466: The Congo River flows is that of Kisangani, a town situated on the river's right and left bank slightly north of the Equator . Humidity is high throughout the year, and annual rainfall amounts to 1,620 millimetres (64 in) and occurs fairly regularly; even in the driest month, the rainfall totals more than 53 millimetres (2.1 in). Temperatures are also uniformly high throughout the year, and there
2080-823: The French term "Stanleyville" (or Stanleystad in Dutch ). The Swahili language manual published by the Marist Brothers in the 1920s provides an instance of this naming substitution: "from X to Stanleyville" is translated as "toka X Mpaka Kisangani". The name "Kisangani" is a Swahili interpretation of the indigenous term Boyoma , denoting "City on the Island," and is similarly rendered in Lingala as Singitini (or Singatini ). Stanley subsequently journeyed to Bas-Congo (modern-day Kongo Central Province ) and entrusted
2160-563: The Second Congo War , on 14 May 2002, 160 people were massacred in Kisangani; this is believed to be the work of those under the command of Laurent Nkunda . By the time a peace agreement was signed in 2002, the town was under the control of the Rwandan-backed Rally for Congolese Democracy - Goma (RCD-Goma). The three encounters between Uganda and Rwanda in Kisangani have been termed the wars of 1 day, 3 days and,
2240-493: The clay fraction, coupled with a low cation exchange capacity and primary mineral content, results in a soil with low clay activity and soluble element content, yet exhibiting fairly good stability of aggregates. Despite being adjacent to the equator, the city has a tropical monsoon climate due to the fact that its driest month (January) sees on average below 60 mm of rain. Kisangani experiences an average relative humidity of 86%. Typical climate in regions through which
2320-652: The African confluence of the South and the North and West and East traditions, Kisangani has developed a unique and distinguished cultural face. Another distinctive characteristic of Kisangani culture life is to be found in the animation of its downtown, particularly during summer, prompted by cultural and social events, particularly festivals. The city's largest festival is the Cercle Boyoma Culture festival, which
2400-689: The Arabized plateau in the southeast and the medical plateau to the west ranging from 37 to 45 meters, and the Boyoma plateau in the northeast reaching up to 46 meters. The National Institute of Statistics (INS) reports that Kisangani covers a total area of approximately 1,910 square kilometers. Kisangani's vegetative landscape is emblematic of the central forest sector of the Guinean region , characterized by dense tropical forests that have experienced various degrees of anthropogenic degradation . The city
2480-474: The Congo from the eastern region of the country with assistance from Rwanda , Burundi and Uganda military forces. As of 30 October 1998, there were 15,000 Ugandan and 19,000 Rwandan troops on Congolese soil. Laurent Kabila designated Kisangani as the forward base for the foreign forces as he marched westwards towards Kinshasa to overthrow Mobutu Sese Seko . The alliance of foreign military forces disintegrated when people of Hutu descent were massacred by
Orientale - Misplaced Pages Continue
2560-413: The District of Orientale Province (District de la province Orientale), with Stanleyville as its headquarters. The Lualaba District in the south was split off at this time. The district was also called Stanleyville District . In 1910 the new vice-government general of Katanga was formed the south, with parts of Lualaba District and parts of Stanleyville. Orientale/Oost Province was formed in 1913 in
2640-534: The Falls appear prosperous. Yet, they remain strangers to the town and are not part of its monetary economy. Their trade with the town is limited to the exchange of foodstuffs against indigo obtained from soldiers. The Wagenya especially exchange fish for cloth brought by the administration or its workers". The establishment of the CFL ( Compagnie du Chemin de Fer du Congo Supérieur aux Grands Lacs Africains ) in 1902, with
2720-866: The Kisangani- Ituri road, primarily consists of Gilbertiodendron dewevrei . L'Île Mbiye is located on the Congo River in the eastern part of Kisangani, upstream of the Wagenia Falls , with an altitude of 376 metres (1,234 ft). Adjacent to Kisangani, it is 14 km long and 4 km wide. Featuring a dense and relatively well-preserved forest, it is part of the Sustainable Forest Management in Africa Symposium project conducted by Stellenbosch University . The island, with an area of 1,400 hectares, comprises three types of forest: dry land forest, periodically flooded forest, and swampy forest. The Lualaba River flows through
2800-486: The Studios Kabako include Jeannot Kumbonyeki, Michel Kiyombo, Dorine Mokha, Djino Alolo and Yves Mwamba among others... The Studios Kabako have opened there the only professional recording studio of the Eastern part of Congo, accompanied musicians include guitarist Flamme Kapaya, rap singers Pasnas, Franck Moka and Shoggy, musicians Pépé Lecoq... Kisangani is also the home-town of film-maker Dieudo Hamadi. Shopping along
2880-453: The all-black "indigenous camps" by green strips, schools, military barracks or playgrounds. The city's official status was formalized by incorporation Order No. 12/357 on 6 September 1958, dividing Stanleyville into four communes: Belgian I, Belgian II, Brussels, and Stanley. Towards the end of 1958, the city became the stronghold of Patrice Lumumba , the leader of the political party Mouvement National Congolais (MNC). His strong ties with
2960-745: The avenue de l'Eglise, its many restaurants, as well as Kisangani's eminent architecture, continue to draw tourists. The city is the DRC's third-largest convention destination. Most conventions are held at Stade Lumumba , just north of Stade du Marche. The historic City Hall also now houses the city's Visitor Information Center, galleries and exhibit halls. The Alliance Franco-Congolese (AFRACO) building which hosts governmental conference. The variety of attractions in Kisangani include botanical gardens , museums, factories, zoos , exhibition halls , elevators , retail stores , breweries , warehouses , libraries , mills , auditoriums and refineries which today provide
3040-470: The boroughs there are hundreds of distinct neighborhoods, many with a definable history and character to call their own. Every municipality in the city has a nickname denoting how the Boyoma perceive their cities. Kisangani, which in Swahili means on the island (" Kisanga " translates island and " ni " is on), is officially given the nickname of "City of Hope" by administrative authorities, in opposition to
3120-512: The building's structure, the impressive 20th century headquarters landmark that is Central Prisons' with its towering fortress walls, Cathédrale Notre-Dame du Rosaire , an early cathedral revival built with massively scaled stone detailing, and the Congo Palace Hotel on avenue de l'eglise is an important example of highly influential European style buildings in Kisangani. The character of Kisangani's urban residential districts
3200-417: The city famous for their traditional foods. Some of the mobile food vendors licensed by the city have made foods such as husking paddy standbys of contemporary Kisangani street food, although kosa kosa (prawns from the river, also known as cossa cossa ) and Kisangani coffee are still the main street fare. The city is also home to many of the finest prawn cuisine restaurants in the Democratic Republic of
3280-604: The city had been forged during his days as one of 350 clerks at the central post office. Ethiopian ONUC troops arrived in the city after July 1960. After the assassination of Lumumba in 1961, Antoine Gizenga installed the Free Republic of the Congo in Stanleyville, which competed with the central government in Leopoldville (now Kinshasa ). Before the country gained independence from Belgium in 1960, Kisangani
Orientale - Misplaced Pages Continue
3360-509: The city's focal library at University of Kisangani . The city holds an extensive collection of ancient Congolese and near East African archaeological artifacts, at its regional archaeological and ethnological, the National Museum of Kisangani. Other landmarks include: L'Hôtel des chutes, Le Voyageur, Hellénique ainsi que Psistaria, l'Hôtel Congo Palace, l'Hôtel Boyoma, l'Hôtel Kisanganian and L'Hôtel Palm Beach. Place de la Femme which
3440-405: The country. In 1999, the city was the site of the first open fighting between Ugandan and Rwandan forces in the Second Congo War , when nearly 3,000 people died in the cross fire. This followed the fracturing of the anti-government rebel group Rally for Congolese Democracy (RCD) into camps based in Kisangani and Goma . The fighting was also over the gold mines near the town. The local population
3520-540: The deadliest fought in 2000, 6 days. Kisangani is strategically placed at the junction of the Congo , Tshopo, and Lindi rivers and at the crossroads between eastern and western Congo. Approximately central of the African continent, it is located in north-eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), central of Tshopo Province . The location at the northernmost tip of the Congo River , navigable for large waterborne cargo between Kinshasa and Kisangani and connected to
3600-619: The deaths of seven Hausas, while the Bangala auxiliaries fled, promising to inform the authorities as they retreated downriver . On 26 August 1886, Deane and Dubois set fire to the station and sought refuge in the surrounding woods. Dubois drowned while attempting to cross to the mainland, while the remaining survivors endured thirty days in the wilderness until they were finally rescued by Captain Camille Coquilhat . On 3 September 1886, Administrator General Camille Janssen issued
3680-625: The downtown park was installed by the distraction of the popular monument of Stanley and its surrounding structures are but a few notable examples of 20th-century architecture. On the right bank of the Tshopo River, the Kisangani Zoo attracts many visitors, as well as the Kisangani Hydroelectric Dam that supplies electricity to the city of Kisangani. At spectacular waterfall of Wagenia Falls , fishing with
3760-465: The east. Relations between Free State officials and the slavers were fraught with tension. In October 1884, Lieutenant Arvid Wester , who had succeeded Binnie as the station's overseer, brokered a treaty with the Arab Swahili slavers. The treaty, signed by a son of the infamous Afro-Omanis slave trader Tippu Tip , was intended to curb slave raiding and foster peaceful relations with whites in
3840-520: The headquarters for the entire eastern Congo Free State, including Katanga and Kivu , for several years until 1933. However, Stanleyville remained an underdeveloped administrative hub surrounded by native Congolese villages. As noted by Bogumil Jewsiewicki 's "According to the testimony of the age", "The villages of the Arabs, Kisangani-Singitini, as well as those of the Wagenya and the Lokeles around
3920-729: The mandate of constructing a rail/river linkage between Stanleyville and Katanga, accelerated development with the labor force ranging from 1,200 to 4,100 men. The construction of the Stanleyville-Ponthierville (now Ubundu ) railway, initiated in February 1903 and concluded in September 1909, spurred substantial urban expansion with lined and overhung trees, buildings surrounded by trees in bloom, well-constructed residential and commercial buildings. Stanleyville's economic significance largely stemmed from its location in
4000-518: The more developed soukous of the 1960s. The city has been an epicenter for Ndombolo culture since the 1980s. A flourishing independent folk music culture brought forth Kisangani Blues. The city has also been spawning a critically acclaimed underground nu-rumba scene with various bands gaining national attention in the nu-rumba world. Annual festivals feature various acts such as the Cercle Boyoma Culture Festival. Kisangani
4080-510: The mouth of the Congo River , making it the farthest navigable point upstream. Kisangani is administratively divided into six communes . Five communes— Kabondo , Kisangani , Makiso , Mangobo , and Tshopo—are strategically situated on the right bank, while the Lubunga commune is on the left bank. Kisangani is the nation's most important inland port after Kinshasa , an important commercial hub point for river and land transportation and
SECTION 50
#17327659632604160-414: The north, Bafwasende to the east, Ubundu Territory to the south, and is bordered by both Opala and Isangi Territories to the west. The city spans an area of 1,910 square kilometers and is situated within the equatorial forest plain at coordinates 0°30' north latitude and 25°20' east longitude, just 80 kilometers from the equator. Kisangani is located approximately 2,100 kilometers (1,300 miles) from
4240-542: The old age tradition tools installed on the rapids can be witnessed. Fishing is practiced through a scaffold installed among rocks, with vines attached and serving through the tensioning creels of woven conical vines immersed in the current of the river. A major destination includes the forest ecosystem of L'Île Mbiye, which is part of a protection conservation forest program called Sustainable Forest Management in Africa as spearheaded by Stellenbosch University . L'Île Mbiye
4320-432: The present day. At times the path is filled with a sweet floral fragrance and clouded with white and purple butterflies. Forests give way to patches of grassland , then clumps of bamboo and then more forest. The city of Kisangani is composed of six large communes , which are further subdivided into smaller neighborhoods. The partitioned communes are Lubunga, Makiso, Kisangani, Tshopo , Kabondo and Mangobo. Throughout
4400-586: The provinces on 25 March 2015. Consequently, Orientale Province was dissolved, and Kisangani became the capital of the newly established Tshopo Province . In the 1990s, the area emerged as the theatre for a series of major battles known as the fight of Kisangani during the First Congo War . Laurent-Désiré Kabila , leader of the Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo , invaded
4480-459: The region on 1 December 1883, to establish the initial trading post in the region, situated approximately 2,100 kilometres (1,300 mi) from the Congo River 's mouth, following negotiations with Arab-Swahili traders who had settled in the area the previous year. The station, designated as the ultimate destination of the expedition, was commissioned by the Comité d'études du Haut-Congo . Stanley
4560-632: The region. However, the treaty was short-lived, as Tippu Tip's forces soon resumed their activities, which exacerbated tensions. The natives simultaneously placed themselves under the protection of the International Association of the Congo , albeit without success. By January 1885, Captain Alphonse van Gèle arrived at Stanley Falls, following his exploration of the Ubangi River , only to discover that Tippu Tip had devastated
4640-549: The return of Tippu Tip to Zanzibar, leaving his brother-in-law and business partner, Bwana Nzige, and Nzige's son, Rashid, to oversee their operations in the region. When an enslaved woman from a nearby village, who had been cruelly flogged by her Arab Swahili master, sought refuge in Deane's camp, tensions reached a boiling point. Deane refused to return the woman to her master, offering to pay her ransom instead. This act of defiance incited Tippu Tip's men, who accused Deane of stealing
4720-415: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Orientale . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orientale&oldid=1102127156 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
4800-456: The seasonal culture shows. Cercle Boyoma Culture is one of such shows where cultural activities of Kisangani come together synergistically for an exchange and reflection involving different associations of all cultural disciplines. Cercle Boyoma Culture is annually held in Makiso on 14 Fina Avenue from the month of December through to June. The culture show displays a digital audio recording studio,
4880-515: The settlement to Adrian Binnie, who, alongside twenty Hausa and ten Wangwana, became the principal representative of King Leopold II's Congo Free State in the region. Binnie expanded Stanley's holdings, clearing land and constructing a village, complete with gardens. Following the establishment of relations between the local African communities and European traders, Arab-Swahili slave traders from Zanzibar —commonly referred to as "Arabs" in contemporary European accounts—reached Stanley Falls from
SECTION 60
#17327659632604960-482: The south. After being reduced in size, it bordered Équateur to the west, Kasaï-Oriental province to the southwest, Maniema to the south, and North Kivu to the southeast. It also bordered the Central African Republic and South Sudan to the north, and Uganda to the east. The provincial capital was Stanleyville , later renamed Kisangani . On 15 July 1898 the Stanley Falls District became
5040-802: The surrounding area and, on behalf of the Sultan of Zanzibar , repudiated the treaty. This incident marked the onset of the Congo Arab War , during which the eastern shore of the Congo Free State became a battleground for control over the lucrative Arab slave trade . To protect Stanley Falls Station, Walter Deane, an officer dispatched by Francis de Winton , arrived with a contingent of thirty-two Hausa soldiers and forty Bangala auxiliaries. Although they were promised an ample supply of ammunition and reinforcements, these resources never materialized. The situation deteriorated in mid-July 1886 with
5120-521: The territorial division aimed at implementing the decentralization policy, the constitution proposed the subdivision of the territory into 26 provinces , as stipulated in Article 2 of the 2006 Constitution. Programming Law No. 15/004, which determined the modalities for the installation of these new provinces, was adopted on 28 February 2015, followed by the Organic Law establishing the boundaries of
5200-536: The thousands in western Zaire and because of looting in the mining areas, in particular in Kisangani and the Kivus . The population was completely opposed to the presence of foreign forces because of their behaviour. Laurent-Désiré Kabila could not continue to support the use of Kisangani as the base for foreign fighters as they launched attacks to massacre the Hutu people – hence he demanded that Rwanda pull its forces out of
5280-443: The title of martyred city. Boyomas' affectionately nicknamed their city "Boyoma Singa Mwambé", which translates as "before reaching the most beautiful city the pole must be thrown 8 times" (Boyoma means the most beautiful girl, while Singa is the mast and Mwambé is the number 8). The city is a centre for television productions, radio, theatre, film, multimedia and print publishing. Kisangani's many cultural communities have given it
5360-425: The town of Kisangani, and it is 14 km long and 4 km wide. Kisangani lays claim to a large number of regional specialties, all of which reflect the city's ethnic and working-class roots. Included among these is its nationally renowned deep-dish manioc . Kisangani's food culture, influenced by the city's immigrants and large number of dining patrons, is diverse. Arab-Swahili and Indian immigrants have made
5440-426: The woman. Although threatened, Deane was not immediately attacked until the arrival of a river steamer, which brought only one Belgian officer, Lieutenant Dubois, but none of the promised reinforcements or supplies. A large force of Manyema crossed from the mainland at night to assault the station. Despite holding out for three days, the defenders were eventually overwhelmed as their ammunition dwindled, resulting in
5520-433: Was accompanied by two Scottish engineers, a German mechanic, and a sailor from Stanleyville, with Scottish engineer Adrian Binnie assuming the role of station director. Initially referred to as Falls Station or "The Post Stanley Falls," "The Falls," or colloquially "Boyoma" (the indigenous name for Boyoma Falls ), the settlement was consistently identified as "Kisangani" by the local populace, while Europeans commonly used
5600-565: Was broken up into Kibali-Ituri , Uélé and Haut-Congo provinces. Orientale Province was reconstituted in 1966 from the amalgamation of the Uele, Kibali-Ituri and Haut-Congo provinces. In 2015 it was dissolved into the provinces of Bas-Uélé , Haut-Uélé , Ituri and Tshopo . In 1998 the Orientale villages of Durba and Watsa were the center of an outbreak of Marburg virus disease among gold mine workers. The Ituri district of Orientale
5680-785: Was caught in the cross fire between Ugandan and Rwandan military forces, which led to the destruction of about a quarter of the city. Various buildings were damaged, most notably the roof of the Cathedral Rosaire of Notre-Dame, which was ignited by missiles. Both of the foreign forces were reported to have looted and pillaged the city. Despite the condemnation of Uganda by the International Court of Justice, establishment of responsibility, payment of compensation, and arrests have yet to be made. Further clashes between Rwandan and Ugandan forces led to thousands more deaths and widespread destruction from 5 to 10 June 2000. During
5760-543: Was completed in 1934 as a dedication to Boyomaise women, the landmark One of the most revered religious leaders Reverend Father Gabriel Grison was buried at the Mission St. Gabriel in Kisangani and has monument dedicated to him on Monseigneur Grison Avenue. Mobutus' residential home on route de Lubutu, Place des Martyrs that held the Lumumba Square until 1967, the controversial Central Public Fountain that anchors
5840-440: Was divided into smaller units. The District of Orientale Province was created from Stanley Falls District on 15 July 1898. The district was expanded to become Orientale Province in 1913. It was divided in 1933 into Costermansville (later Kivu) and Stanleyville Province. Stanleyville Province was renamed Orientale Province from 1947 to 1963, when it was broken up into Kibali-Ituri, Uélé and Haut-Congo provinces. Orientale Province
5920-567: Was founded on the Island of Wana Rusari, a few meters from the contemporary site of Kisangani, along the Lualaba River . This area, characterized by its seven falls spanning 100 kilometres (62 mi) between Kisangani and Ubundu , was first traversed by Stanley in 1877 after navigating the rapids and falls that impeded further upstream navigation, mistakenly believing he was descending the Nile River . He documented that approximately
6000-517: Was launched by Belgium, the Armée Nationale Congolaise (ANC), and a plethora of foreign mercenaries under Colonel Mike Hoare to free the hostages. Following Mobutu Sese Seko 's ascension to power, on 3 May 1966, Stanleyville was renamed Kisangani as part of his authenticité policies, decreeing it the headquarters of the third economic center of Zaire , after Kinshasa and Lubumbashi . Between 1966 and 1967, Kisangani
6080-547: Was not decisively eliminated until 1893. On 15 July 1898, the Governor General decreed that the Stanley Falls District would henceforth be called the Eastern Province ( Province Orientale ), with Stanleyville designated as its capital. The city evolved into a significant terminus for steamer navigation on the Congo River, transforming from a modest trading post into a burgeoning urban center and serving as
6160-473: Was reconstituted in 1966. Between 1971 and 1997 it was called Haut-Zaïre, then it returned to the name of Orientale. The province contained the Bas-Uele , Haut-Uele , Ituri and Tshopo districts . These were elevated to provinces in 2015 under the 2006 constitution. The province lay in the northeast of the country. Originally it bordered Équateur to the west, Congo-Kasaï to the southwest and Katanga to
6240-641: Was reputed to have more Rolls-Royces per capita than any other city in the world. In early 1964, the Simba Rebellion ("Simba Revolution") occurred, mushrooming into outright rebellion by May and June. By August rebels had overrun Stanleyville from their bases in Wanie Rukula. They closed the airport and barred civilians from leaving, including at least one foreign consular staff. A number of American and European nationals were taken captive, and, following intense negotiations, Operation Dragon Rouge
6320-608: Was the scene of the Ituri conflict . As of 2014, militia groups continue to fight in the province and have reportedly committed many atrocities against the local population, such as forcing women into sex slavery and forcing men to work in mines. The province was divided into the city of Kisangani and the districts of Bas-Uele , Haut-Uele , Ituri and Tshopo . Cities and towns, with their 2010 populations, are: Kisangani Kisangani / k iː s ə ŋ ˈ ɡ ɑː n i / (formerly Stanleyville or Stanleystad )
6400-505: Was the site of the Stanleyville mutinies , which resulted in widespread looting. As Mobutu's authenticité -driven state ideology persisted throughout the 1970s, Stanley Falls was officially renamed Boyoma Falls . On 27 October 1977, the communes were renamed as follows: Belgian I (Mangobo and Tshopo), Belgian II (Lubunga), Brussels ( Kabondo ), and Stanley (Makiso). By 1984, the city had a population of 317,581. In 2010, as part of
#259740