Misplaced Pages

#654345

100-422: The Oroville–Thermalito Complex was designed as an efficient water and power storage and conveyance system. All reservoirs and canals, combined, store about 3,620,000 acre-feet (4.47 km) when at max capacity, and generate power from releases made through Hyatt Powerplant and two other generating plants in nearby Thermalito. A special fish barrier dam was built to lead salmon and steelhead, returning to spawn, into

200-410: A folk dance , a social dance , a group dance such as a line , circle , chain or square dance , or a partner dance such as is common in western Western ballroom dancing , is undertaken primarily for a common purpose, such as entertainment, social interaction or exercise , of participants rather than onlookers. The many forms of dance provide recreation for all age groups and cultures. Music

300-485: A hobby / passion and not for monetary profit. The quality of some amateur work may be highly specialized or eclectic in choice of subjects. Amateur photography is often pre-eminent in photographic subjects which have little prospect of commercial use or reward. Amateur photography grew during the late 19th century due to the popularization of the Hand-held camera . Nowadays it has spread widely through social media and

400-627: A recreational area. The Thermalito Forebay has a maximum operating storage of 11,770 acre-feet (14,520,000 m), a water surface area of 630 acres (2.5 km) at maximum storage, and a shoreline of 10 miles (16 km) (at maximum operating storage). Construction on the Forebay began in 1965 (59 years ago)  ( 1965 ) and was completed in 1968 (56 years ago)  ( 1968 ) . 39°30′55″N 121°37′45″W  /  39.51528°N 121.62917°W  / 39.51528; -121.62917 Thermalito Pumping–Generating Plant

500-557: A 8.66-mile (13.94 km) long conduit composed of ditch, flume, and tunnel sections, with a capacity of 125 cubic feet per second (3.5 m /s). Along with other facilities, such as Philbrook Reservoir, Hendricks Canal is part of the Toadtown development, which conveys water through the several canals and powerhouses. The water ultimately empties into Butte Creek, a tributary of the Sacramento River. Another diversion dam on

600-586: A large effect on the valley's hydrology. Indian Valley is the third important alluvial valley of the upper basin. It is located along lower Indian Creek, near its confluence with Lights Creek. By the end of the 19th century Indian Valley was considered the most important valley of Plumas County and its swampy land was developed into a prosperous agricultural landscape. Communities in Indian Valley include Greenville and Taylorsville . Two large endorheic lakes, Eagle Lake and Honey Lake , lie north of

700-672: A maximum flow rate of 615 cu ft/s (17.4 m/s). 39°31′52″N 121°33′55″W  /  39.53111°N 121.56528°W  / 39.53111; -121.56528 The Thermalito Power Canal is a 10,000-foot-long (3,000 m) east–west oriented concrete lined canal that extends from a headworks structure, which is part of Thermalito Diversion Dam, to the Thermalito Forebay. It conveys water in either direction between Thermalito Diversion Dam and Thermalito Forebay for pumping and power generation at Hyatt Powerplant and Thermalito Pumping–Generating Plant. Construction on

800-801: A participant be an athlete . Competition generally is less stressed than in individual or team sports organized into opposing squads in pursuit of a trophy or championship. When the activity involves exceptional excitement, physical challenge, or risk, it is sometimes referred to as "adventure recreation" or "adventure training", rather than an extreme sport . Other traditional examples of outdoor recreational activities include hiking , camping , mountaineering , cycling , canoeing , caving , kayaking , rafting , rock climbing , running , sailing , skiing , sky diving and surfing . As new pursuits, often hybrids of prior ones, emerge, they gain their own identities, such as coasteering , canyoning , fastpacking , and plogging . Participatory dance whether it be

900-483: A recreational activity may become work, and vice versa. Thus, for a musician, playing an instrument may be at one time a profession, and at another a recreation. Similarly, it may be difficult to separate education from recreation as in the case of recreational mathematics . Recreation has many health benefits, and, accordingly, Therapeutic Recreation has been developed to take advantage of this effect. The National Council for Therapeutic Recreation Certification (NCTRC)

1000-583: A regular basis. A hobby is considered to be a regular activity that is done for enjoyment, typically during one's leisure time , not professionally and not for pay. Hobbies include collecting themed items and objects, engaging in creative and artistic pursuits, playing sports, or pursuing other amusements. Participation in hobbies encourages acquiring substantial skills and knowledge in that area. A list of hobbies changes with renewed interests and developing fashions, making it diverse and lengthy. Hobbies tend to follow trends in society, for example stamp collecting

1100-466: A small portion of the Sacramento Valley . The total drainage basin is about 6,200 square miles (16,000 km ), with approximately 3,604 square miles (9,330 km ) above Lake Oroville . The Feather River and its forks were a center of gold mining during the 19th century. Since the 1960s, the river has provided water to central and southern California, as the main source of water for

SECTION 10

#1732779658655

1200-534: A tributary, and found a place where the whole surface was covered in feathers. They named it El Rio de las Plumas, River of the Feathers. The 1849 California Gold Rush brought a flood of prospectors and settlers to the region. The American and Indian Valleys were settled in the 1850s. In the Sierra Valley the first settlers arrived in 1852. The Western Pacific Railroad operated a railroad through

1300-656: Is Last Chance Creek's source. The total length from the mouth of the East Branch to the source of Last Chance Creek is about 89 miles (143 km). The total length of the Feather River from the source of Last Chance Creek to the Sacramento River is about 215 miles (346 km). The Middle Fork Feather River begins at 39°48′49″N 120°22′46″W  /  39.81361°N 120.37944°W  / 39.81361; -120.37944 , in southeastern Plumas County about 0.5 miles (0.80 km) south of Beckwourth , at

1400-802: Is a principal feature of the Oroville–Thermalito pumped storage power complex. A pumping–generating plant, the facility is operated in tandem with Thermalito Diversion Dam Powerplant and Hyatt Powerplant to produce power. Water released for power in excess of local and downstream requirements is conserved by pumpback operation during off-peak hours through both powerplants into Lake Oroville to be subsequently released for power generation during periods of peak power demand. The Plant has 4 units: 1 generating unit and 3 pumping–generating units, with an installed capacity of 120 MW , maximum flow rate of 17,400 cu ft/s (490 m/s). Plant construction began in 1964 (60 years ago)  ( 1964 ) and

1500-461: Is a significantly larger reservoir than that of the Forebay, and sits just 2 miles (3.2 km) southwest of the tail end of the Forebay, with only a 9,100-foot-long (2,800 m) canal connecting them. The Afterbay provides storage for the water required by the pumpback operation to Lake Oroville, helps regulate the power system, produces controlled flow in the Feather River downstream from the Oroville–Thermalito facilities, and provides recreation to

1600-455: Is a strong focus on using and learning practical skills and applying them to reference designs. There is also growing work on equity and the maker culture . Any structured form of play could become a game. Games are played sometimes purely for recreation, sometimes for achievement or monetary rewards as well. They are played for recreation alone, in teams, or online; by amateurs. Professionals can play as part of their work for entertainment of

1700-462: Is about 3,410 feet (1,040 m) in elevation and supports a population of about 6,500. The largest community is Quincy . Historically, American Valley was a floodplain, but settlers drained the wet meadows to create pasture for cattle and fields for hay production. Today the stream channels are deeply incised and floods rare. These alternations affected the valley's ecology. Beavers , which were once prevalent, were nearly eliminated. This in turn had

1800-538: Is about 73 miles (117 km) long. Its length to its most distant headwater tributary is just over 210 miles (340 km). The main stem Feather River begins in Lake Oroville , where its four long tributary forks join—the South Fork, Middle Fork, North Fork, and West Branch Feather Rivers. These and other tributaries drain part of the northern Sierra Nevada , and the extreme southern Cascades , as well as

1900-632: Is an essential part of human life and finds many different forms which are shaped naturally by individual interests but also by the surrounding social construction. Recreational activities can be communal or solitary, active or passive, outdoors or indoors, healthy or harmful, and useful for society or detrimental. Some recreational activities – such as gambling, recreational drug use , or delinquent activities – may violate societal norms and laws. A list of typical activities could be almost endless. A significant section of recreational activities are designated as hobbies which are activities done for pleasure on

2000-446: Is an important factor in the economy; it has been estimated that the outdoor recreation sector alone contributes $ 730 billion annually to the U.S. economy and generates 6.5 million jobs. A recreation center is a place for recreational activities usually administered by a municipal government agency. Swimming, basketball, weightlifting, volleyball and kids' play areas are very common. A recreation specialist would be expected to meet

2100-537: Is an offstream reservoir contained by the Thermalito Forebay Dam on the east and south and by Campbell Hills on the north and west. It is located about four miles (6 km) west of Oroville. The forebay conveys generating and pumping flows between Thermalito Power Canal and Thermalito Powerplant, provides regulatory storage and surge damping for the Hyatt–Thermalito power complex, and serves as

SECTION 20

#1732779658655

2200-430: Is carried out throughout different platforms and equipment, including the use of cell phone. Clear pictures can now be taken with a cell phone which is a key tool for making photography more accessible to everyone. Many recreational activities are organized, typically by public institutions, voluntary group-work agencies, private groups supported by membership fees, and commercial enterprises. Examples of each of these are

2300-551: Is composed and performed for many purposes, ranging from recreation, religious or ceremonial purposes, or for entertainment. When music was only available through sheet music scores, such as during the Classical and Romantic eras in Europe, music lovers would buy the sheet music of their favourite pieces and songs so that they could perform them at home on their instruments. Video games are immersive experiences that leave some of

2400-495: Is joined by Philbrook Creek, which drains Philbook Reservoir to the east. From there the West Branch flows more directly south and leaves Lassen National Forest. It is joined by Fish Creek and Last Chance Creek (there are several streams named Last Chance Creek in the Feather River watershed). Downstream from Last Chance Creek a diversion dam draws off some of the West Branch's water. The diverted water flows into Hendricks Canal,

2500-543: Is located at the Thermalito Diversion Dam below the left abutment of the dam. The powerplant generates electricity from water released to the Feather River to maintain fish habitat between the diversion dam and Thermalito Afterbay river outlet. It was constructed in 1985 (39 years ago)  ( 1985 ) and was completed in 1987 (37 years ago)  ( 1987 ) . The powerplant has one generating unit with an installed capacity of 3.3 MW , and

2600-454: Is one of the major tributaries of the Feather River system. It originates at 40°2′16″N 120°58′57″W  /  40.03778°N 120.98250°W  / 40.03778; -120.98250 , at the confluence of Indian Creek and Spanish Creek . Indian Creek is another long and important tributary, flowing from its source at 40°18′34″N 120°41′36″W  /  40.30944°N 120.69333°W  / 40.30944; -120.69333 , on

2700-645: Is released into the Feather River at controlled intervals to meet the Project's needs. It also provides pumped-storage capacity, 750,000 acre-feet (930,000,000 m) of flood control storage, recreation, and freshwater releases to control salinity intrusion in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta and for fish and wildlife protection. The Lake is perhaps the most important of all the Oroville Complex facilities, being that it serves as

2800-400: Is that leisure is just "spare time", time not consumed by the necessities of living, another holds that leisure is a force that allows individuals to consider and reflect on the values and realities that are missed in the activities of daily life, thus being an essential element of personal development and civilization. This direction of thought has even been extended to the view that leisure is

2900-542: Is the longest crest in the California State Water Project system. Construction on the Afterbay began in 1965 (59 years ago)  ( 1965 ) and was completed in 1968 (56 years ago)  ( 1968 ) . 39°31′13″N 121°32′51″W  /  39.52028°N 121.54750°W  / 39.52028; -121.54750 The barrier dam, located right next to and just upstream of

3000-492: Is the nationally recognized credentialing organization for the profession of Therapeutic Recreation. Professionals in the field of Therapeutic Recreation who are certified by the NCTRC are called "Certified Therapeutic Recreation Specialists". The job title "Recreation Therapist" is identified in the U.S. Dept of Labor's Occupation Outlook. Such therapy is applied in rehabilitation , psychiatric facilities for youth and adults, and in

3100-670: Is the tallest and largest dam in the United States. Completed in 1968, it stands 770 feet (230 m) high with a crest length (top of the dam) 6,920 feet (2,110 m) long. Over 80 million cubic yards of material were needed to build the Oroville Dam. There is enough material in the dam to build a two-lane highway around the Earth. Oroville Dam was named by the California Society of Professional Engineers as one of

Oroville–Thermalito Complex - Misplaced Pages Continue

3200-704: The California State Water Project . Its water is also used for hydroelectricity generation. The average annual flow of the Feather River is more than 7 million acre feet (3.3 km ). The Feather is unique in that two of its tributaries, the East Branch and Middle Fork, originate east of the Sierra Nevada in the Diamond Mountains and breach the crest of the Sierra as they flow west. The river rises in four main forks in

3300-479: The Feather River Fish Hatchery. The California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) has developed a safe eating advisory for fish caught in the Thermalito Forebay and Afterbay based on levels of mercury or PCBs found in local species. Water released from Lake Oroville is used to produce electricity via Hyatt Powerplant , located in the bedrock beneath and inside of

3400-501: The Feather River Canyon and on into the middle arm of Lake Oroville. The Middle Fork's main stem length is about 95 miles (153 km), or about 129 miles (208 km) including Little Last Chance Creek. The total length of the Feather River from the source of Little Last Chance Creek to the Sacramento River is about 202 miles (325 km). The South Fork Feather River originates in southern Plumas County near

3500-770: The National Park Service , the YMCA , the Kiwanis , and Walt Disney World . Public space such as parks and beaches are essential venues for many recreational activities and Tourism has recognized that many visitors are specifically attracted by recreational offerings. In particular, beach and waterfront promenades such as the beach area of Venice Beach in California, the Promenade de la Croisette in Cannes,

3600-578: The Oroville-Thermalito Complex , which consists of two reservoirs, a Forebay and Afterbay, both used for hydroelectricity generation. Although the water diverted from the Feather for this purpose is returned to the river, the water of downstream canals do not, except in the form of irrigation return flows (agricultural waste water). Downstream of Oroville, the river's flow is sucked away by numerous irrigation canals that supply water to

3700-666: The Pacific Flyway , making it an important seasonal home to migrating birds. Settlements in the valley include Loyalton , Sierraville , and Beckwourth , with Portola just west of Sierra Valley. The American Valley is located in the middle of the upper Feather basin. Spanish Creek and Greenhorn Creek join in the valley, and Spanish Creek flows north to join Indian Creek, forming the East Branch North Fork Feather River. American Valley

3800-559: The Pacific Gas and Electric Company . The West Branch Feather River flows by Stirling City and is joined by Big Kimshew Creek and the Little West Fork West Branch Feather River. Concow Creek, flowing southwest from Concow Reservoir, joins just before the West Branch empties into the northwest arm of Oroville Lake, near Paradise . The United States Forest Service manages over 80% of

3900-601: The Promenade des Anglais in Nice or the lungomare of Barcola with Miramare Castle in Trieste are important recreational areas for the city population on the one hand and on the other also important tourist destinations with all advantages and disadvantages for the locals. In support of recreational activities government has taken an important role in their creation, maintenance, and organization, and whole industries have developed merchandise or services. Recreation-related business

4000-622: The Thermalito pumped-storage plant . Most of this water is returned to the river further downstream via a tailrace canal. The maximum discharge at this stream gauge was 230,000 cubic feet per second (6,500 m /s), recorded on March 19, 1907. The minimum was 222 cubic feet per second (6.3 m /s), recorded on September 19, 1972. The riparian area of the Feather River supports a rich biodiversity of native flora and fauna . The Sierra Nevada reaches have considerable wild river features and steep gradients. In lower reaches, after joining of

4100-511: The maker culture include engineering-oriented pursuits such as home improvement , electronics , robotics , 3-D printing , and the use of Computer Numeric Control tools, as well as more traditional activities such as metalworking , woodworking , and, mainly, its predecessor, traditional arts and crafts . The subculture stresses a cut-and-paste approach to standardized hobbyist technologies , and encourages cookbook re-use of designs published on websites and maker-oriented publications. There

Oroville–Thermalito Complex - Misplaced Pages Continue

4200-561: The seven wonders of engineering in California in 1967. The dam's inner core is a thin layer made of clay material which resists seepage . Gold dredged tailings, sand & gravel left from the early 20th century gold rush dredging operations along the Feather River, make up the remainder of Oroville Dam. Beneath the dam a giant cavern almost as large as the State Capitol Building has been hollowed out to house six power generation units. Coupled with four additional units in

4300-665: The Bear. Smaller dams now also block other tributaries, including the Middle, South and North Forks of the Feather. The watershed's high mountain streams are often utilized in complex schemes for hydroelectricity generation, including the Pacific Gas and Electric Canyon Power Project on the North Fork, which uses water from Lake Almanor , and the Yuba Hydroelectric Project which taps the Middle and South Forks of

4400-610: The Board on Geographic Names in 1927. USGS topographic maps , as of 1995, are mislabeled for South Arm, North Arm Rice Creek, Rice Creek and North Fork Feather River. Rice Creek, labeled North Arm Rice Creek on USGS topo maps, flows south from its source at Cold Boiling Lake, 40°27′24″N 121°29′4″W  /  40.45667°N 121.48444°W  / 40.45667; -121.48444 , in Lassen Volcanic National Park , through Crumbaugh Lake, and south to join

4500-537: The Diversion Dam, serves to create a tailwater pool for Hyatt Powerplant, just around the bend to the East, at the base of Oroville Dam. The diversion pool also acts as a forebay when Hyatt Powerplant is pumping water back into Lake Oroville, as well as provides recreation opportunities. 39°31′43″N 121°32′41″W  /  39.52861°N 121.54472°W  / 39.52861; -121.54472 Sitting at

4600-521: The Feather River Fish Hatchery , serves to divert fish away from the mainstream and into a fish ladder that leads to the hatchery. Flows at the barrier dam are controlled by releases at the Oroville Dam spillway and Thermalito Diversion Dam. The barrier dam prevents the fish from entering the lake and guides them to the fish ladder. The barrier dam is 91 feet (28 m) tall and has a crest length of 600 feet (180 m). The dam

4700-475: The Feather River canyon. This route was selected because it leads to a low pass over the Sierra Nevada mountains. The Western Pacific California Zephyr trains used this route and had a feather in their logo to represent the river. Today, there is no scheduled passenger service along the Feather River Route. The present day California Zephyr, run by Amtrak , operates over Donner Pass. Since 1967,

4800-405: The Feather River's origin at the confluence of its four forks has been submerged under the waters of Lake Oroville , created by the construction of Oroville Dam in 1967. At about 770 feet (230 m) high, it is the tallest dam in the United States and wields nearly complete control over the flow of the Feather River by creating one of the largest reservoirs in California. The dam was built with

4900-607: The Feather River's upper watershed, in the mountains above Lake Oroville. The alluvial valleys in this area are mostly privately owned and used for livestock grazing and hay production. In terms of drainage area, the North Fork Feather River is the largest, accounting for about 60% of the total basin above Lake Oroville. The Middle Fork drains about 32% of the upper basin. Other forks and tributaries drain much smaller areas—the West Fork accounts for about 5%, and

5000-634: The Plumas-Sierra county line, at 39°46′48″N 120°52′26″W  /  39.78000°N 120.87389°W  / 39.78000; -120.87389 . It heads on the southwest slope of Pilot Peak, just north of Gibsonville Ridge and Bunker Hill Ridge. It flows west and southwest to Little Grass Valley Reservoir , an impoundment created by Little Grass Valley Dam . Below the dam the South Fork flows southwest between Mooreville Ridge and Lumpkin Ridge and enters Butte County. Just before entering Lake Oroville

5100-681: The Ponderosa Diversion Dam impounds the South Fork in the Ponderosa Reservoir. Below the dam the river becomes the south arm of Lake Oroville. The mouth of the South Fork is considered to be where the river empties into Ponderosa Reservoir, 39°32′55″N 121°16′39″W  /  39.54861°N 121.27750°W  / 39.54861; -121.27750 . The mouth was formerly located farther west at 39°33′5″N 121°25′20″W  /  39.55139°N 121.42222°W  / 39.55139; -121.42222 , until it

SECTION 50

#1732779658655

5200-480: The Sacramento River from the north, about 20 miles (32 km) northwest of Sacramento. The North Fork Feather River begins in Feather River Meadows at the junction of Rice Creek and South Arm Rice Creek, 40°21′47″N 121°27′5″W  /  40.36306°N 121.45139°W  / 40.36306; -121.45139 . The names and confluence locations of the streams in this area were changed by

5300-506: The Sierra Nevada which unite as arms of the Lake Oroville reservoir in the foothills 5 miles (8.0 km) northeast of Oroville in eastern Butte County . In terms of drainage areas the largest is the North Fork, which drains about 60% of the entire upper Feather River watershed. The Middle Fork is the second largest, draining about 32% of the upper basin. The South Fork and the West Branch are much smaller, each drains less than 5% of

5400-527: The Sierra Valley, where it divides into two distributary channels. Other tributaries that join to form the Middle Fork in the Sierra Valley include Carman Creek, Fletcher Creek, Turner Creek, Berry Creek, Hamlin Creek, Sierraville Creek, and Smithneck Creek. Flowing west through the mountains from its source in the Sierra Valley the Middle Fork is joined by Big Grizzly Creek, which drains Lake Davis to

5500-506: The South Arm Rice Creek, forming the North Fork Feather River. The North Fork's length is about 100 miles (160 km), or about 111 miles (179 km) including Rice Creek. The total length of the Feather River from the source of Rice Creek to the Sacramento River is about 184 miles (296 km). From its source in Feather River Meadows the North Fork flows east. A tributary emerges from Buzzard Springs and flows into

5600-426: The South Fork about 3%. There are several important valleys in the otherwise mountainous upper basin. The Sierra Valley comprises an area of about 590 square miles (1,500 km ) is located where a number of tributaries come together to form the Middle Fork. The valley's elevation is nearly 5,000 feet (1,500 m). It is known as the largest high-alpine valley in the continental United States. It also lies along

5700-845: The South end of, (and impounding), the Diversion Pool reservoir, the Thermalito Diversion dam can either divert water west-ward into the Thermalito Power Canal for power generation at Thermalito Pumping–Generating Plant at the tail end of the Thermalito Forebay, or can release flow straight through, south, into the Feather River. The Diversion Dam is 143' feet tall and has a crest length of 1,300 feet (400 m). 39°31′44″N 121°32′48″W  /  39.52889°N 121.54667°W  / 39.52889; -121.54667 The Thermalito Diversion Dam Powerplant

5800-585: The Stump Ranch Marsh Area, where it joins the North Fork, which then flows southeast to Lake Almanor , a reservoir created by Canyon Dam. Below Canyon Dam the North Fork flows generally southwest through the Sierra Nevada, receiving the East Branch North Fork Feather River near Belden . The North Fork continues flowing south below the East Branch confluence. Bucks Creek, which drains Bucks Lake near Bucks Lake, California , joins from east. The North Fork flows southeast into Butte County, becoming

5900-617: The Thermalito Afterbay by way of the Thermalito Pumping–Generating Plant to produce electricity . The plant can also pump water back into the lake to be reused for power generation at Hyatt Powerplant when needed. Download coordinates as: 39°33′22″N 121°27′06″W  /  39.55611°N 121.45167°W  / 39.55611; -121.45167 Lake Oroville is the second largest reservoir in California, and stores winter and spring runoff which

6000-488: The Thermalito Pumping–Generating Plant, they will generate more than 2.8 billion kilowatt-hours of energy annually. 39°32′01″N 121°29′07″W  /  39.53361°N 121.48528°W  / 39.53361; -121.48528 Located in rock in the left abutment near the axis of Oroville Dam, the Edward Hyatt Powerplant is an underground, hydroelectric, pumping–generating facility. Construction of

6100-595: The US, about half of all adults read one or more books for pleasure each year. About 5% read more than 50 books per year. Like drawing, painting has its documented origins in caves and on rock faces. The finest examples, believed by some to be 32,000 years old, are in the Chauvet and Lascaux caves in southern France. In shades of red, brown, yellow and black, the paintings on the walls and ceilings are of bison, cattle, horses and deer. Paintings of human figures can be found in

SECTION 60

#1732779658655

6200-466: The USGS. The North Fork Feather River drains 2,156 square miles (5,580 km )—1,131 square miles (2,930 km ) for the North Fork itself and 1,025 square miles (2,650 km ) for East Branch North Fork. The average discharge for the two streams is about 1,930 cubic feet per second (55 m /s) for the North Fork, and 1,000 cubic feet per second (28 m /s) for the East Branch. The East Branch

6300-585: The United States, most states have a professional organization for continuing education and certification in recreation management. The National Recreation and Park Association administers a certification program called the CPRP (Certified Park and Recreation Professional) that is considered a national standard for professional recreation specialist practices. Since the beginning of the 2000s, there are more and more online booking / ticketing platforms for recreational activities that emerged. Many of them leveraged

6400-966: The West Branch Feather River near Magalia , called the Magalia 73 Dam, conveys water into the Upper Miocene Canal, which runs to Kunkle Reservoir and the Lime Saddle Powerhouse on Lake Oroville. From the powerhouse water is carried by the Middle Miocene Canal to the Coal Canyon Powerhouse and on into the Oroville-Thermalito Complex . The Miocene Canal and Lime Saddle Powerhouse are part of the DeSabla Regional Bundle of hydroelectric facilities operated by

6500-525: The Yuba River. Water diversions, especially from Lake Oroville, has reduced the streamflow of the Feather River. The USGS has operated a stream gage downriver of Oroville Dam since 1902. The river's average annual discharge between 1902 and 1967, before the dam was built, was 5,834 cubic feet per second (165.2 m /s). From 1969 to 2009 the average flow is 1,086 cubic feet per second (30.8 m /s), mainly due to diversion for power generation at

6600-482: The aesthetics to be defined by the player while reserving the author's authority on the latter. Woodworking, photography, moviemaking , jewelry making , software projects such as Photoshopping and home music or video production , making bracelets , artistic projects such as drawing, painting, Cosplay (design, creation, and wearing of a costume based on an already existing creative property), creating models out of card stock or paper (called papercraft ) fall under

6700-450: The agricultural businesses of the lower Feather River valley. The heavy usage of water from the river has reduced its flow significantly. The Feather's main tributaries, the Yuba and the Bear, are also impounded by large dams that provide irrigation water and flood control. New Bullards Bar Dam and Englebright Dam are located on the Yuba, and Rollins Dam and Camp Far West are situated on

6800-417: The area. It also serves as a warming basin for agricultural water delivery to the numerous rice and grain fields just west of the Afterbay. The Afterbay has a maximum operating storage of 57,040 acre-feet (70,360,000 m), a water surface area of 4,300 acres (17 km) at max. storage, and a shoreline of 26 miles (at max. operating storage). Thermalito Afterbay Dam , at 42,000 feet (13,000 m) long,

6900-410: The audience. The games could be board games , puzzles , computer or video games . Recreation engaged in out of doors, most commonly in natural settings. The activities themselves — such as fishing , hunting , backpacking , and horseback riding — characteristically dependent on the environment practiced in. While many of these activities can be classified as sports , they do not all demand that

7000-434: The canal began in 1965 (59 years ago)  ( 1965 ) and was completed in 1967 (57 years ago)  ( 1967 ) . The Power Canal has a maximum generating flow of 16,900 cu ft/s (480 m/s) with a maximum pumping flow of 9,000 cu ft/s (250 m/s). 39°28′12″N 121°40′30″W  /  39.47000°N 121.67500°W  / 39.47000; -121.67500 Thermalito Forebay

7100-462: The care of the elderly, the disabled, or people with chronic diseases. Recreational physical activity is important to reduce obesity, and the risk of osteoporosis and of cancer, most significantly in men that of colon and prostate, and in women that of the breast; however, not all malignancies are reduced as outdoor recreation has been linked to a higher risk of melanoma . Extreme adventure recreation naturally carries its own hazards. Recreation

7200-516: The category visual arts . Many of these are practised for recreation. Drawing goes back at least 16,000 years to Paleolithic cave representations of animals such as those at Lascaux in France and Altamira in Spain. In ancient Egypt , ink drawings on papyrus , often depicting people, were used as models for painting or sculpture. Drawings on Greek vases , initially geometric, later developed to

7300-400: The core of Oroville Dam. Water can either enter the Feather River through the one-unit Thermalito Diversion Dam Powerplant and the Diversion Dam's 14 radial spill gates or up to 17,000 cu ft/s (480 m/s) can be diverted into the Thermalito Power Canal. From there, the water enters the Thermalito Power Canal and flows into Thermalito Forebay. At the end of the forebay, water enters

7400-629: The early 1960s. Salmon and steelhead raised at the hatchery are transported in oxygenated , temperature-controlled tanks and released in the Feather and Sacramento Rivers , Lake Oroville, and/or in the Delta near the San Francisco Bay area. These fish account for an estimated 20 percent of the ocean sport and commercial catch in the Pacific Ocean . Hatchery salmon are also planted in Lake Oroville. The first salmon and steelhead entered

7500-405: The forks, there is also significant habitat; near Yuba City , for example, there are extents of the river with numerous valley oak trees with understory of wild grape . The Feather River stonecrop ( Sedum albomarginatum ) is a rare plant endemic to the Feather River watershed. The California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) has developed a safe eating advisory for

7600-475: The harsh winters. The Washoe hunted in the upper Feather River basin, especially in Long Valley, Sierra Valley, and Mohawk Valley. There is evidence of Paiute and Washoe settlements in the Long Valley area. In 1836, John Marsh , Jose Noriega and a company of men, went on an exploration of Northern California. They felled trees, made dugout canoes, and ascended the Sacramento River. They proceeded up

7700-540: The hatchery in September 1967. Today, the facility accommodates an average 8,000 fish. The Feather River Fish Hatchery was constructed between 1966 (58 years ago)  ( 1966 ) and 1967 (57 years ago)  ( 1967 ) Feather River The Feather River is the principal tributary of the Sacramento River , in the Sacramento Valley of Northern California . The river's main stem

7800-517: The headwater of the entire State Water Project. Lake Oroville has a maximum operating storage of 3,537,580 acre-feet (4.36354 × 10 m), which, for purposes of scale, is equal to over 1.153 trillion gallons of water. The lake has a water surface area of 15,810 acres (64.0 km), a maximum water surface elevation of 901 feet (275 m), and 167 miles of shoreline. 39°32′15″N 121°29′01″W  /  39.53750°N 121.48361°W  / 39.53750; -121.48361 The Oroville Dam

7900-418: The human form with black-figure pottery during the 7th century BC. With paper becoming common in Europe by the 15th century, drawing was adopted by masters such as Sandro Botticelli , Raphael , Michelangelo , and Leonardo da Vinci who sometimes treated drawing as an art in its own right rather than a preparatory stage for painting or sculpture. Writing may involve letters, journals and web blogs. In

8000-705: The lake is conveyed to the units through penstocks and branch lines. After passing through the units, water is discharged through the draft tubes to one free surface and one full-flow tailrace tunnel. The facility was named for Edward Hyatt, who was State Engineer (1927–1950) of the Division of Water Resources under the Department of Public Works. The Division was the predecessor to the Department of Water Resources. 39°32′33″N 121°32′37″W  /  39.54250°N 121.54361°W  / 39.54250; -121.54361 The Thermalito Diversion Pool, in tandem with

8100-806: The late 14th century, first in the sense of "refreshment or curing of a sick person", and derived turn from Latin ( re : "again", creare : "to create, bring forth, beget"). People spend their time on activities of daily living , work , sleep , social duties and leisure, the latter time being free from prior commitments to physiologic or social needs, a prerequisite of recreation. Leisure has increased with increased longevity and, for many, with decreased hours spent for physical and economic survival, yet others argue that time pressure has increased for modern people, as they are committed to too many tasks. Other factors that account for an increased role of recreation are affluence, population trends, and increased commercialization of recreational offerings. While one perception

8200-667: The north end of the Sierra Valley . It is formed by the joining of a number of tributaries that merge in an inverted river delta wetland with a complex network of irrigation ditches and drains called the Sierra Valley Channels. A number of creeks merge in the Sierra Valley, the longest of which is Little Last Chance Creek, which originates at 40°1′9″N 120°13′15″W  /  40.01917°N 120.22083°W  / 40.01917; -120.22083 and flows south through Frenchman Lake and Last Chance Valley to

8300-687: The north. Then the river flows through Portola and Delleker in the Humbug Valley. Sulphur Creek joins in the Mohawk Valley at Clio . Continuing west, the Middle Fork passes between Graeagle and Blairsden and further downstream south of Sloat in Long Valley. At Sloat, Long Valley Creek and Polar Creek enters the Feather. The Feather then enters a long and deep gorge. It is joined by numerous small tributaries. The Pacific Crest Trail crosses near Onion Valley Creek. The Middle Fork turns to flow southwest and south, through Bald Rock Canyon and

8400-460: The northern arm of Lake Oroville. Before Oroville Dam was built the mouth of the North Fork was located at 39°33′20″N 121°28′0″W  /  39.55556°N 121.46667°W  / 39.55556; -121.46667 . After the North Fork's mouth was inundated by Lake Oroville the North Fork's mouth was changed to be at 39°43′27″N 121°28′19″W  /  39.72417°N 121.47194°W  / 39.72417; -121.47194 , according to

8500-502: The participant. A traditional view holds that work is supported by recreation, recreation being useful to "recharge the battery" so that work performance is improved. Work, an activity generally performed out of economic necessity and useful for society and organized within the economic framework, however can also be pleasurable and may be self-imposed thus blurring the distinction to recreation. Many activities in entertainment are work for one person and recreation for another. Over time,

8600-425: The plant began in 1964 (60 years ago)  ( 1964 ) and was completed in 1967 (57 years ago)  ( 1967 ) . Hyatt Powerplant maximizes power production through a pumped-storage operation where water, released for power in excess of local and downstream requirements, is returned to storage in Lake Oroville during off-peak periods and is used for generation during peak power demands. Water from

8700-549: The purpose of preventing the frequent floods that often inundated this part of the Sacramento Valley, and to store water for agricultural uses downstream during the dry season. The dam is the principal feature for the California State Water Project , storing water for more than 23 million people and 750,000 acres (300,000 ha) of farmland in Central and Southern California Directly downstream from Oroville Dam lies

8800-763: The purpose of work, and a reward in itself, and "leisure life" reflects the values and character of a nation. Leisure is human right under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights . Recreation is difficult to separate from the general concept of play , which is usually the term for children's recreational activity. Children may playfully imitate activities that reflect the realities of adult life. It has been proposed that play or recreational activities are outlets of or expression of excess energy, channeling it into socially acceptable activities that fulfill individual as well as societal needs, without need for compulsion, and providing satisfaction and pleasure for

8900-400: The recreational needs of a community or assigned interest group. Educational institutions offer courses that lead to a degree as a Bachelor of Arts in recreation management. People with such degrees often work in parks and recreation centers in towns, on community projects and activities. Networking with instructors, budgeting , and evaluation of continuing programs are common job duties. In

9000-515: The south slopes of Diamond Mountain, south and west, through Indian Valley and north of American Valley. Impounded at Antelope Dam , Indian Creek then joins Spanish Creek to form the East Branch North Fork Feather River. The longest tributary of Indian Creek is Last Chance Creek, which rises in eastern Plumas County at 40°0′47″N 120°12′10″W  /  40.01306°N 120.20278°W  / 40.01306; -120.20278 , south of Honey Lake , and flows generally west, joining Indian Creek at

9100-789: The terms describing the building, modifying , or repairing things without the direct aid of experts or professionals. Academic research has described DIY as behaviors where "individuals engage raw and semi-raw materials and parts to produce, transform, or reconstruct material possessions, including those drawn from the natural environment (e.g., landscaping)". DIY behavior can be triggered by various motivations previously categorized as marketplace motivations (economic benefits, lack of product availability, lack of product quality, need for customization), and identity enhancement ( craftsmanship , empowerment, community seeking, uniqueness). They could involve crafts that requires particular skills and knowledge of skilled work . Typical interests enjoyed by

9200-588: The tombs of ancient Egypt. In the great temple of Ramses II , Nefertari , his queen, is depicted being led by Isis . Greek and Roman art like the Hellenistic Fayum mummy portraits and Battle of Issus at Pompeii contributed to Byzantine art in the 4th century BC, which initiated a tradition in icon painting. Models of aeroplanes, boats, cars, tanks, artillery, and even figures of soldiers and superheroes are popular subjects to build, paint and display. An amateur photographer practices photography as

9300-562: The upper and lower sections of Feather River based on levels of mercury found in fish caught from this water body. Recreation Recreation is an activity of leisure , leisure being discretionary time. The "need to do something for recreation" is an essential element of human biology and psychology . Recreational activities are often done for enjoyment , amusement , or pleasure and are considered to be " fun ". The term recreation appears to have been used in English first in

9400-742: The upper Feather River basin, across the Diamond Mountains. Historically, the Maidu were the main Native American inhabitants of the upper Feather River basin's American, Indian, and Sierra Valleys. Maidu villages were located in the Big Meadows area, now inundated by Lake Almanor, and in American Valley where Quincy is now located. The Maidu migrated to the Sierra Valley in the spring and summer, but did not stay during

9500-582: The upper basin. The main stem Feather River begins at Oroville Dam, the outlet of Lake Oroville. From there the river flows generally south across the Sacramento Valley , east of the Sutter Buttes , past Oroville and Yuba City – Marysville . The Feather receives the Yuba River from the east at Yuba City and the Bear River from the east 15 miles (24 km) south of Yuba City. It empties into

9600-537: The western end of Genesee Valley. From its source at the Indian and Spanish Creeks confluence, the East Branch North Fork flows west past Twain and joins the North Fork near Belden. The East Branch's main stem length is about 18 miles (29 km). Indian Creek is about 52.5 miles (84.5 km) long, and Last Chance Creek is about 45 miles (72 km) long. The East Branch's most distant headwater

9700-593: Was completed in 1969 (55 years ago)  ( 1969 ) , operation started prior to completion, in 1968. In October 2011, the plant was renamed the Ronald B. Robie Thermalito Power Plant. On Thanksgiving, November 22, 2012, there was a major fire originating in a plant lower level cable tray that forced immediate shutdown. Completion of repairs and upgrades was expected for late 2018 39°30′55″N 121°37′45″W  /  39.51528°N 121.62917°W  / 39.51528; -121.62917 The Thermalito Afterbay

9800-418: Was constructed in 1962 (62 years ago)  ( 1962 ) and completed in 1964 (60 years ago)  ( 1964 ) . 39°31′04″N 121°33′15″W  /  39.51778°N 121.55417°W  / 39.51778; -121.55417 The Feather River Fish Hatchery was built to compensate for spawning grounds lost to returning salmon and Steelhead trout with the construction of Oroville Dam in

9900-832: Was inundated by Lake Oroville. The total stream distance from the head of the South Fork to the juncture with the Middle Fork in Lake Oroville is 44.5 miles (71.6 km). The 46.4-mile-long (74.7 km) West Branch Feather River , sometimes called the West Fork Feather River, has a drainage area that is small but slightly larger than that of the South Fork. It originates in Butte County at 40°4′40″N 121°25′24″W  /  40.07778°N 121.42333°W  / 40.07778; -121.42333 , in Lassen National Forest . It flows southwest through Snag Lake and by Coon Hollow, after which it

10000-456: Was popular during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries as postal systems were the main means of communication, while video games are more popular nowadays following technological advances. The advancing production and technology of the nineteenth century provided workers with more availability in leisure time to engage in hobbies. Because of this, the efforts of people investing in hobbies has increased with time. Bricolage and DIY are some of

#654345