79-732: Wisconsin Public Service Corporation (WPS) is a utility company headquartered in Green Bay, Wisconsin . The company serves more than 450,000 electric customers and more than 333,000 natural gas customers in 27 counties in eastern, northeastern northern, and central Wisconsin , and a small portion of Michigan 's Upper Peninsula . WPS began in 1883 as the Oshkosh Gas Light Company. It was incorporated as Wisconsin Public Service in 1922. And it
158-641: A French fur-trading route, he sailed up the Ottawa River , through Lake Nipissing and down the French River to Lake Huron , then through the straits of Michilimackinac into Lake Michigan. He is believed to have landed at Red Banks, near the site of the modern-day city of Green Bay, Wisconsin. Nicolet founded a small trading post here in 1634, originally named La Baye or La Baie des Puants (French for "the Bay of Stinking Waters"). Nicolet's settlement
237-708: A French-Canadian father and an Ottawa woman. He grew up with his mother's family among the Ottawa people and became a war chief. The Ottawa were allies of the French during the French and Indian War , and Langlade is credited with planning the ambush of British General Braddock and George Washington . His family was followed to Green Bay by the Grignons, Porliers and Lawes, who brought French-Canadian culture with them. Colorful "jack-knife Judge" Reaume dispensed British justice in
316-518: A capacity of 96 MW; and Hydro-Québec operates generators 6, 7, 8, and 9 with a capacity of 89 MW. Numerous non-contiguous areas of the Ottawa River and its shores are protected in a variety of provincial parks, conservation areas, and municipal parks. In Quebec, there are 3 national parks directly along the Ottawa River ( Oka National Park , Plaisance National Park , and Opémican National Park ), as well as one major nature reserve through which
395-431: A dietary staple, grew in abundance along the riverbanks. The women regularly harvested and cooked this, along with a wide variety of nuts, berries, and edible roots which they gathered in the woods. The men typically hunted and fished for food, and the women processed game and other foods in cooking. They prepared and made clothing from the furs, as well as using other parts of animals to make tools, cord, etc. Women also had
474-428: A female householder with no husband present, 5.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 41.5% were non-families. 32.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 3.06. The median age in the city was 33.7 years. 24.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 11.7% were between
553-485: A female householder with no husband present, and 40.7% were non-families. About 31.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 3.06. In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 25.4% under the age of 18, 11.6% from 18 to 24, 31.7% from 25 to 44, 19.5% from 45 to 64, and 11.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age
632-528: A few African American freedmen, arrived in Wisconsin while it was under British control. Charles Michel de Langlade is generally recognized as the first settler, establishing a trading post at Green Bay in 1745, and moving there permanently in 1764. Settlement began at Prairie du Chien around 1781. The French residents at the trading post in what is now Green Bay, referred to the town as "La Bey," however British fur traders referred to it as "Green Bay," because
711-566: A high of 9,094 m /s (321,200 cu ft/s) in 2017. The river flows through large areas of deciduous and coniferous forest formed over thousands of years as trees recolonized the Ottawa Valley after the ice age. Generally, the coniferous forests and blueberry bogs occur on old sand plains left by retreating glaciers, or in wetter areas with clay substrate. The deciduous forests, dominated by birch, maple, beech, oak and ash occur in more mesic areas with better soil, generally around
790-475: A role in the political process, as no action could be taken without agreement of half of the women. Nicolet stayed with this tribe for about a year, becoming an ally. He helped open up opportunities for trade and commerce with them before returning to Quebec. A few months after Nicolet returned to Quebec, Champlain died. His death halted other journeys to La Baie Verte (French for "The Green Bay"). Père Claude Allouez sent Nicolas Perrot to La Baie. After this,
869-670: Is in the Township of Whitewater Region , Ontario, protecting a series of pristine islands and a small undeveloped section of shoreline along the Ontario side of the Ottawa River. This section of the Ottawa River is known for its whitewater , and is used by a number of commercial rafting companies and many recreational kayakers and canoeists. The park is a non-operating park, meaning that there are no services and facilities for visitors. The park can be used for backcountry camping, whitewater canoeing, swimming, hunting, and fishing. Some of
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#1732801658670948-610: Is in the eastern part of Wisconsin at the mouth of the Fox River . Today, Interstate 43 meets Interstate 41 (also U.S. Route 41 ) in Green Bay, approximately 90 miles (140 km) north of Milwaukee . According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 55.76 square miles (144.4 km ), of which 45.48 square miles (117.8 km ) is land and 10.28 square miles (26.6 km )
1027-554: Is severe and often extreme. Tornadoes are rare in the Green Bay area, with the strongest being an F3 tornado that hit the community of Pittsfield on June 26, 1969. Monthly mean temperatures range from 16.6 °F (−8.6 °C) in January to 69.1 °F (20.6 °C) in July. In July, the warmest month, the average high temperature is 81.2 °F (27.3 °C). There are 6.1 days of 90 °F (32 °C)+ highs, 68 days where
1106-553: Is the center of the present-day city. The borough combined the town of Astor (a company town of the American Fur Company ) with Navarino, platted by Daniel Whitney . Before Wisconsin became a state in 1848, its commerce was based on the fur trade , which became dominated by John Jacob Astor 's American Fur Company . After statehood, there was a shift away from fur trading toward lumbering. "For a short time in 1860s and 1870s, iron smelting in charcoal kilns rivaled
1185-747: Is the mother church of the Diocese which is in the province of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee . The Saint Joseph Oratory is in Green Bay. St. Mary of the Angels Church and Monastery is also located in the city. The Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod has four churches in Green Bay: St. Paul Lutheran Church, First Evangelical Lutheran Church, Beautiful Savior Lutheran Church, and Messiah Lutheran Church. Christ
1264-626: Is water. About 14% of the city of Green Bay is inside the Oneida Nation of Wisconsin reservation. Green Bay has a humid continental climate ( Köppen climate classification Dfb ), with some moderation due to the city's proximity to Lake Michigan . Like other cities with this type of climate, there are four distinct seasons , often with severe or extreme variation between them in terms of temperature and precipitation. Green Bay experiences warm, humid summers and cold, snowy winters. The variance in temperature and precipitation between months
1343-539: The American Community Survey estimates for 2016–2020, the median income for a household in the city was $ 52,214, and the median income for a family was $ 65,993. Male full-time workers had a median income of $ 45,365 versus $ 37,466 for female workers. The per capita income for the city was $ 28,092. About 12.3% of families and 15.5% of the population were below the poverty line , including 20.5% of those under age 18 and 9.9% of those age 65 or over. Of
1422-581: The Black Hawk War in 1832 also gave impetus to settlement of the region. Most of the settlers were farmers from New England who began using the Erie Canal to pour into Wisconsin. As more and more New England settlers arrived, Green Bay developed into a trading center for this population. Wisconsin's first newspaper, The Green Bay Intelligencer , was started in 1833 by Albert Ellis and John V. Suydam . The borough of Green Bay, created in 1838,
1501-652: The French River which later became a link in the historic canoe route to the West. As it does to this day, the river played a vital role in life of the Algonquin people , who lived throughout its watershed at contact. The river is called Kichisìpi , meaning "Great River" in Anicinàbemowin , the Algonquin language. The Algonquin define themselves in terms of their position on the river, referring to themselves as
1580-770: The Green Bay Packers , Nature's Way, HJ Martin and Son , and Nicolet National Bank . Séura, a manufacturer of mirrors and flatscreen TVs , is another notable employer. The Meyer Theatre , The Tarlton Theatre , and the Hotel Northland are on the National Register of Historic Places . The Northland was once the largest hotel in Wisconsin. The Green Bay Film Festival celebrates local and international filmmakers at The Tarlton Theatre, its home venue. Daddy D Productions performs at Riverside Ballroom and Let Me Be Frank Productions performs at
1659-584: The Rapide de la Veillée , the Trou , the Rapide des Deux Rivières , and the Rapide de la Roche Capitaine . (These rapids are now submerged under the reservoir of Holden Lake.) In 1800, explorer Daniel Harmon reported 14 crosses marking the deaths of voyageurs who had drowned in the dangerous waters along this section of the Ottawa. The main trading posts along the river were: Lachine , Fort Coulonge , Lac des Allumettes , Mattawa House , where west-bound canoes left
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#17328016586701738-626: The Rideau and Gatineau rivers. The Ottawa River drains into the Lake of Two Mountains and the St. Lawrence River at Montreal . The river is 1,271 km (790 mi) long; it drains an area of 146,300 km (56,500 sq mi), 65 per cent in Quebec and the rest in Ontario, with a mean discharge of 1,950 m /s (69,000 cu ft/s). It has a maximum depth of 90 m (300 ft) at
1817-758: The St. Lawrence River valley and Lake Champlain , had been depressed to below sea level by the glacier's weight, filled with sea water. The resulting arm of the ocean is known as the Champlain Sea . Fossil remains of marine life dating 12 to 10 thousand years ago have been found in marine clay throughout the region. Sand deposits from this era have produced vast plains, often dominated by pine forests, as well as localized areas of sand dunes, such as Westmeath and Constance Bay. Clay deposits from this period have resulted in areas of poor drainage, large swamps, and peat bogs in some ancient channels of this river. Hence,
1896-592: The poverty line , including 12.7% of those under the age of 18 and 9.2% of those 65 and older. In 2000, the American Religion Data Archive reported Green Bay to be predominantly Catholic (71.5%), with Lutherans composing an additional 16.4%. The remaining 12% is almost entirely made-up of other Protestant denominations. The city is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay . The Saint Francis Xavier Cathedral
1975-585: The Arpin-Rocky Run 345,000-volt line. Green Bay, Wisconsin Green Bay is a city in and the county seat of Brown County, Wisconsin , United States. It is located at the head of Green Bay (known locally as "the bay of Green Bay"), a sub-basin of Lake Michigan at the mouth of the Fox River . As of the 2020 census , the city had a population of 107,395, making it the third-most populous city in Wisconsin, after Milwaukee and Madison , and
2054-635: The Automotive Gallery are art galleries in the downtown area. Museums in the city include the Neville Public Museum and the Hazelwood Historic House Museum. The National Railroad Museum is a railroad museum located in the suburb of Ashwaubenon. Every summer, the downtown area plays host to ArtStreet, an art festival featuring studio displays, demonstrations, and live entertainment. Dine on
2133-582: The British defeated the French in 1763, France ceded its lands east of the Mississippi in North America. The first permanent settlers were Charles de Langlade and his family from Quebec, who moved to Green Bay in 1765. They are considered the first European settlers in the present-day state of Wisconsin. Langlade, called the "Founder and Father of Wisconsin", was a métis or mixed-race, son of
2212-542: The Carillon Reservoir and is 7,400 m (24,300 ft) wide at its widest part. The average annual mean waterflow measured at Carillon dam , near the Lake of Two Mountains, is 1,939 m /s (68,500 cu ft/s), with average annual extremes of 749 to 5,351 m /s (26,500 to 189,000 cu ft/s). Record historic levels since 1964 are a low of 467 m /s (16,500 cu ft/s) in 2010 and
2291-515: The Deck is an event that allows patrons to dine on the CityDeck and features dishes from local restaurants. Taste on Broadway has live entertainment and dishes served by local restaurants who compete for awards. Artour brings all-original songwriters to downtown area venues. IgNight hosts artisans, interactive art demonstrations, live entertainment, and life-size games. The Shipyard District hosts
2370-539: The French avoided the area for some decades, because of the intensity of First Nations and European conflicts in the east. In 1671, a Jesuit Mission was set up in the area. A fort was added in 1717 and gradually associated development took place. The town was incorporated in 1754. Great Britain took control of some French areas during the Seven Years' War , known as the French and Indian War in some areas of North America. They took control of this town in 1761. After
2449-580: The French fur trade, and to search for a shorter trade route to China through Canada. Nicolet and others had learned from other First Nations of the Ho-Chunk (Winnebago) people, who identified as "People of the Sea", and believed they must reside on or near an Ocean. Champlain had also heard about natural resources in the area, including fertile soil, forests, and animals. Nicolet began his journey for this new land shortly before winter in 1634. In what later became
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2528-611: The King Lutheran Church is a church of the Evangelical Lutheran Synod in Green Bay. There are two Kingdom Halls of Jehovah's Witnesses in the city, hosting 4 English congregations and a Spanish congregation. The Islamic Society of Wisconsin, Green Bay serves the Islamic community. The Green Bay Area Unitarian Universalist Fellowship is in the city. Congregation Cnesses Israel Temple, serving
2607-850: The Kinouncherpirini or Keinouch, ever inhabited the Ottawa Valley . In 1615, Samuel de Champlain and Étienne Brûlé , assisted by Algonquin guides, were the first Europeans to travel up the Ottawa River and follow the water route west along the Mattawa and French Rivers to the Great Lakes. See Canadian Canoe Routes (early) . For the following two centuries, this route was used by French fur traders , voyageurs and coureurs des bois to Canada's interior. The river posed serious hazards to these travellers. The section near Deux Rivières used to have spectacular and wild rapids, namely
2686-551: The Meyer Theatre. The Civic Symphony of Green Bay performs at the Meyer Theatre, its home venue. The Green Bay Jazz Orchestra performs at The Tarlton Theatre, its home venue. The former Green Bay Symphony Orchestra disbanded after their 2014–2015 season, after performing for over 100 years, citing financial difficulties. Performance venues in Green Bay include Lambeau Field , Resch Center , Weidner Center , Meyer Theatre , and The Tarlton Theatre . The Art Garage and
2765-608: The Omàmiwinini, 'down-river people'. Although a majority of the Algonquin First Nation lives in Quebec, the entire Ottawa Valley is Algonquin traditional territory. Present settlement is a result of adaptations made as a result of settler pressures. Some early European explorers, possibly considering the Ottawa River to be more significant than the Upper St. Lawrence River, applied the name River Canada to
2844-661: The Ottawa River and the St. Lawrence River below the confluence at Montreal. As the extent of the Great Lakes became clear and the river began to be regarded as a tributary, it was variously known as the Grand River , "Great River" or Grand River of the Algonquins before the present name was settled upon. This name change resulted from the Ottawa peoples ' control of the river circa 1685. However, only one band of Ottawa,
2923-570: The Ottawa River include (in down-stream order): The Ottawa River lies in the Ottawa-Bonnechere Graben , which is a Mesozoic rift valley that formed 175 million years ago. Much of the river flows through the Canadian Shield, although lower areas flow through limestone plains and glacial deposits. As the glacial ice sheet began to retreat at the end of the last ice age , the Ottawa River valley, which, along with
3002-559: The Westmeath sand dune/wetland complex, Mississippi Snye, Breckenridge Nature Reserve, Shirleys Bay, Ottawa Beach/Andrew Haydon Park, Petrie Island, the Duck Islands and Greens Creek. The Westmeath sand dune/wetland complex is significant for its relatively pristine sand dunes, few of which remain along the Ottawa River, and the many associated rare plants. Shirleys Bay has a biologically diverse shoreline alvar, as well as one of
3081-449: The Wisconsin, Tomahawk, Peshtigo and Menominee rivers, and a wind farm in northeastern Iowa . The Weston Power Plant is coal-fired power plant rated at 981 megawatts and is located near Wausau, Wisconsin . The Weston 4 unit was built in 2008 and is considered to be one of the cleanest coal-fired power plants in the country. The J. P. Pulliam Generating Station was a 375 MW coal-fired generating plant located near downtown Green Bay that
3160-510: The ages of 18 and 24; 27.7% were from 25 to 44; 24.5% were from 45 to 64; and 11.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.4% male and 50.6% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 102,313 people, 41,591 households, and 24,663 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,332.1 people per square mile (900.4 people/km ). There were 43,123 housing units at an average density of 982.9 units per square mile (379.5 units/km ). The racial makeup of
3239-408: The annual All Bands On Deck live music festival with bands at downtown bars and restaurants and free shuttles between venues. The Broadway District hosts a farmer's market every Wednesday from May to October. Green Bay has one enclosed shopping mall, East Town Mall , located within the city limits. The Bay Park Square shopping mall is located in the suburb of Ashwaubenon . The city was home to
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3318-463: The area's Jewish population, is on the city's east side. Green Bay was known as the "Toilet Paper Capital of the World" because of the prevalence of the paper industry in the city. Northern Paper Company , Fort Howard Paper Company , and Hoberg Paper Company were among Green Bay's first paper companies. Northern Paper Mills, founded in Green Bay in 1901, became the largest producer of toilet paper in
3397-555: The border between these two provinces. It is a major tributary of the St. Lawrence River and the longest river in Quebec. The river rises at Lac des Outaouais, north of the Laurentian Mountains of central Quebec, and flows west to Lake Timiskaming . From there its route has been used to define the interprovincial border with Ontario. From Lake Timiskaming, the river flows southeast to Ottawa and Gatineau , where it tumbles over Chaudière Falls and further takes in
3476-480: The border with Canada, the United States built Fort Howard on the Fox River in 1816 to protect its northern border. Doty, Whitney, Arndt, Baird and Martin were among the many British-American settlers whose numbers pushed French culture into the background. The Erie Canal was completed in 1825, linking New England with the Great Lakes. This led to the advance of Green Bay as a trading center. The end of
3555-520: The boundary with the La Varendrye Park. These primeval forests were occasionally affected by natural fire, mostly started by lightning, which led to increased reproduction by pine and oak, as well as fire barrens and their associated species. The vast areas of pine were exploited by early loggers. Later generations of logging removed hemlock for use in tanning leather, leaving a permanent deficit of hemlock in most forests. Associated with
3634-400: The city was 77.9% White , 3.5% African American , 4.1% Native American , 4.0% Asian , 0.1% Pacific Islander , 7.2% from other races , and 3.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race were 13.4% of the population. There were 42,244 households, of which 31.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.4% were married couples living together, 12.5% had
3713-403: The city was 85.9% White , 1.4% African American , 3.3% Native American , 3.8% Asian , <0.1% Pacific Islander , 3.7% from other races , and 2.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race were 7.1% of the population. There were 41,591 households, of which 30.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.1% were married couples living together, 10.8% had
3792-573: The culture. The greatest concentration of newcomers came from Belgium. They cleared the land to farm and build their homes. The railroad arrived in the 1860s. The three railroads that would reach Green Bay were the Chicago & North Western (C&NW), SOO Line, (SOO), and the Milwaukee Road (MILW). These railroads were highways which allowed people and products to travel all over the state, increasing business and trade opportunities. The area
3871-506: The distribution of forests and wetlands is very much a product of these past glacial events. Large deposits of a material commonly known as Leda clay also formed. These deposits become highly unstable after heavy rains. Numerous landslides have occurred as a result. The former site of the town of Lemieux, Ontario collapsed into the South Nation River in 1993. The town's residents had previously been relocated because of
3950-509: The dominant plant species in them: Scirpus , Eleocharis , Sparganium and Typha . Which type occurs in a particular location depends upon factors such as substrate type, water depth, ice-scour and fertility. Inland, and mostly south of the river, older river channels, which date back to the end of the ice age, and no longer have flowing water, have sometimes filled with a different wetland type, peat bog. Examples include Mer Bleue and Alfred Bog. Major tributaries include: Communities along
4029-463: The first Shopko discount department store; it closed on April 22, 2019. Ottawa River The Ottawa River ( French : Rivière des Outaouais , Algonquin : Kichi-Sìbì/Kitchissippi ) is a river in the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec . It is named after the Algonquin word 'to trade', as it was the major trade route of Eastern Canada at the time. For most of its length, it defines
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#17328016586704108-566: The form of rainfall from thunderstorms . The driest month in Green Bay is February, when the majority of precipitation falls as low moisture-content snow due to cold, dry air. On average, 1.01 inches (26 mm) of precipitation falls in February. As of the census of 2020 , the population was 107,395. The population density was 2,361.4 inhabitants per square mile (911.7/km ). There were 45,789 housing units at an average density of 1,006.8 units per square mile (388.7 units/km ). Ethnically,
4187-427: The high remains at or below freezing, and 19 days with sub-0 °F (−18 °C) lows annually. From December to February, even during thaws, the temperature rarely reaches 50 °F (10 °C). Extremes have ranged from −36 °F (−38 °C) on January 21, 1888, to 104 °F (40 °C) on July 13, 1936. The wettest month in Green Bay is August, when 3.77 inches (96 mm) of precipitation falls, mostly in
4266-400: The islands included in the park are Big, Butternut, Cedar, Hazelton, and Lorne Islands, in addition to many unnamed islands. They consists of marble bedrock or low-lying alluvial sands and silts. A total of sixteen regionally significant plant species, such as little bluestem ( Andropogon scoparius ), cordgrass ( Spartina pectinata ) and Indiangrass ( Sorghastrum nutans ) have been found in
4345-444: The largest silver maple swamps along the river. Like all wetlands, these depend upon the seasonal fluctuations in the water level. High water levels help create and maintain silver maple swamps, while low water periods allow many rare wetland plants to grow on the emerged sand and clay flats. There are five principal wetland vegetation types. One is swamp, mostly silver maple. There are four herbaceous vegetation types, named for
4424-453: The logging and early settlement were vast wild fires which not only removed the forests, but led to soil erosion. Consequently, nearly all the forests show varying degrees of human disturbance. Tracts of older forest are uncommon, and hence they are considered of considerable importance for conservation. The Ottawa River has large areas of wetlands. Some of the more biologically important wetland areas include (going downstream from Pembroke),
4503-434: The namesake of the Green Bay Packers . Today, major meatpackers in the city include JBS S.A. (formerly Packerland Packing) and American Foods Group. As of 2021, the largest employers in the city were: Other major employers include JBS USA , Green Bay Packaging , Walmart , Associated Banc-Corp , Belmark Inc, Green Bay Area Public School District , Expert Global Solutions , Procter & Gamble , Schreiber Foods ,
4582-428: The population age 25 and over, 87.5% were high school graduates or higher and 24.4% had a bachelor's degree or higher. As of the census of 2010, there were 104,057 people, 42,244 households, and 24,699 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,288.5 inhabitants per square mile (883.6/km ). There were 45,241 housing units at an average density of 995.0 per square mile (384.2/km ). The racial makeup of
4661-476: The population was 17.9% Hispanic or Latino of any race. When grouping both Hispanic and non-Hispanic people together by race, the city was 66.6% White , 5.5% Black or African American , 4.4% Asian , 4.4% Native American , 0.1% Pacific Islander , 8.4% from other races , and 10.6% from two or more races. The 2020 census population of the city included 779 people incarcerated in adult correctional facilities and 1,783 people in student housing. According to
4740-443: The region licenses for fur trading had been issued scarcely and only to select groups of traders, whereas the British, in an effort to make as much money as possible from the region, issued licenses for fur trading freely, both to British and French residents. The fur trade in what is now Wisconsin reached its height under British rule, and the first self-sustaining farms in the state were established as well. From 1763 to 1780, Green Bay
4819-473: The river and Fort Témiscamingue . From Lake Timiskaming a portage led north to the Abitibi River and James Bay. In the early 19th century, the Ottawa River and its tributaries were used to gain access to large virgin forests of white pine . A booming trade in timber developed, and large rafts of logs were floated down the river. A scattering of small subsistence farming communities developed along
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#17328016586704898-552: The river runs ( La Vérendrye Wildlife Reserve ). Several ZECs ( zone d'exploitation contrôlée ) also line the Ottawa River. Ontario has 7 provincial parks along the banks of the Ottawa River: Voyageur Provincial Park , Fitzroy Provincial Park , Ottawa River Provincial Park, Westmeath Provincial Park , Petawawa Terrace Provincial Park , Driftwood Provincial Park , and Alexander Lake Forest Provincial Park ). The Ottawa River Provincial Park
4977-445: The river. In 1950, the dam at Rapides-des-Joachims was built, forming Holden Lake behind it and thereby submerging the rapids and portages at Deux Rivières. These hydro dams have had negative effects upon shoreline and wetland ecosystems, and are thought to also be responsible for the near extermination of American eels , which were once an abundant species in the river, but which are now uncommon. As an economic route, its importance
5056-812: The shores of the river to provide manpower for the lumber camps in winter. In 1832, following the War of 1812 , the Ottawa River gained strategic importance when the Carillon Canal was completed. Together with the Rideau Canal , the Carillon Canal was constructed to provide an alternate military supply route to Kingston and Lake Ontario , bypassing the route along the Saint Lawrence River . A pulp and paper mill (at Témiscaming ) and several hydroelectric dams have been constructed on
5135-699: The suspected instability of the earth in that location. As the land gradually rose again the sea coast retreated and the fresh water courses of today took shape. Following the demise of the Champlain Sea the Ottawa River Valley continued to drain the waters of the emerging Upper Great Lakes basin through Lake Nipissing and the Mattawa River . Owing to the ongoing uplift of the land, the eastward flow became blocked around 4000 years ago. Thereafter Lake Nipissing drained westward, through
5214-463: The territory after Great Britain took it over following the war. These early ethnic French settlers set the tone for many who followed. The British gradually took over Wisconsin during the French and Indian War , taking control of Green Bay in 1761 and gaining control of all of Wisconsin in 1763. Like the French, the British were interested in little but the fur trade. The first permanent settlers, mostly French Canadians , some Anglo-New Englanders and
5293-427: The third-most populous city on Lake Michigan, after Chicago and Milwaukee. Green Bay is the principal city of the Green Bay metropolitan area , which covers Brown , Kewaunee , and Oconto counties and had 320,050 residents in 2020. Samuel de Champlain , the founder of New France , commissioned Jean Nicolet to form a peaceful alliance with Native Americans in the western areas, whose unrest interfered with
5372-531: The timber industry while the port handled increasing amounts of fuel, feed, and lumber. Today's major local industry had its start in 1865 when the first paper mill was built." By 1850 the town had a population of 1,923. The town was incorporated as the city of Green Bay in 1854. The Green Bay Area Public School District was founded in 1856. Throughout the 1850s, word spread of America's cheap land and good soil, bringing in an influx of Belgian people , German, Scandinavian, Irish and Dutch immigrants, each adding to
5451-399: The water and the shore assumed green tints in early spring. The old French title was gradually dropped, and the British name of "Green Bay" stuck. The region coming under British rule had virtually no adverse effect on the French residents as the British needed the cooperation of the French fur traders and the French fur traders needed the goodwill of the British. During the French occupation of
5530-400: The western part of Wisconsin Public Service's service area in the Wausau , Rhinelander and Stevens Point . WPS mostly uses 24,900/14,400 volts as its distribution voltage, however, 12,470/7,200 volts systems can be found in a few rural areas. WPS is interconnected on the power grid to Minnesota Power in Duluth, Minnesota via the Arrowhead-Weston 345,000 volt line and to Xcel Energy via
5609-485: The world as Northern Tissue in 1920. Northern Paper Company offered the first splinter-free toilet paper in the early 1930s. The presence of the paper industry helped Green Bay avoid the worst effects of the Great Depression . Today, major paper producers include Georgia-Pacific and Procter & Gamble , with niche companies such as Steen-Macek Paper Company. Among the earliest packing companies in Green Bay were Acme Packing Company and Indian Packing Company ,
5688-407: Was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.8 males. The median income for a household in the city was $ 38,820, and the median income for a family was $ 48,678. Males had a median income of $ 33,246 versus $ 23,825 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 19,269. About 7.4% of families and 10.5% of the population were below
5767-563: Was a prosperous community which produced its own foodstuff, built graceful cottages and held dances and festivities. In 1791, two free African Americans set up a fur trading post among the Menominee at present day Marinette . The Green Bay area was still under British control until the 1783 treaty formally ended the American Revolutionary War . Following the War of 1812 , which in part was over disputes related to
5846-525: Was able to grow and enrich itself with the use of the plentiful timber resources. This led to the paper industry becoming the major employer in Green Bay, and opened up the port for international trade. Large numbers of Belgians immigrated to Green Bay in the thirty-year period between 1880 and 1910. Significant numbers of English immigrants, many having lived first in Canada, also moved to Green Bay during this period, usually arriving as large families. There
5925-466: Was also a small Dutch community in Green Bay at this time. Green Bay had a larger portion of first generation immigrants from France than any other city in Wisconsin at this time as well. In 1934, President Franklin D. Roosevelt came to Green Bay to honor its tercentenary. By 1950, the city had a population of 52,735. In 1964, the Town of Preble was consolidated with the city of Green Bay. Green Bay
6004-646: Was eclipsed by railroad and highways in the 20th century. It is no longer used for log driving, however, it is still extensively used for recreational boating. Some 20,000 pleasure boaters visit the Carillon Canal annually. Today, Outaouais Herald Emeritus at the Canadian Heraldic Authority is named after the river. Hydroelectric installations on the Upper Ottawa (in downstream order): Lower Ottawa (in downstream order): * Ontario Power Generation operates generators 2, 3, 4, and 5 with
6083-518: Was first listed on the New York and Midwest stock exchanges in 1953. In 1994, WPS became a subsidiary of WPS Resources Corporation, an energy holding company. In February 2007, WPS Resources Corporation became Integrys Energy Group . A detailed history of the company can be found at https://accel.wisconsinpublicservice.com/company/history.aspx . WPS owns two coal, and one natural gas power generation plants. It also owns 15 hydroelectric power plants on
6162-571: Was one of the oldest European permanent settlements in America. When Nicolet arrived in the Green Bay area, he encountered the Menominee , who occupied this territory. He also met the Ho-Chunk (also known as the Winnebago), a people who spoke a Siouan language. The Winnebago hunted and fished, and also cultivated corn, beans, squash, and tobacco. Wild rice , which they had incorporated as
6241-444: Was shuttered in 2018. The Fox Energy Center is the company's most recent acquisition (2012). It is a natural gas–fired power plant, has a capacity of nearly 500 megawatts and is located near Kaukauna, Wisconsin . The company's transmission voltages are 69,000 volts, 115,000 volts, 138,000 volts and 345,000 volts. WPS also has a few sub-transmission lines operating at 46,000 volts. The 115 kV and 46 kV lines are mostly used in
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