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Amsterdam–Haarlem–Rotterdam railway

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46-419: The railway from Amsterdam through Haarlem to Rotterdam (also: Oude Lijn , Dutch for "old line") runs from Amsterdam Centraal to Rotterdam Centraal through Haarlem (and The Hague ). From December 2011 it is used by all direct trains from Amsterdam to The Hague , and all direct supplement-free trains from Amsterdam to Rotterdam except those through Woerden . It contains the oldest railway line in

92-431: A platform : four island platforms with tracks along the full length on both sides (tracks 4/5, 7/8, 10/11, 13/14); one side platform with one track along the full length (track 15); and one bay platform with two tracks (tracks 1/2). Platforms 2-15 have an A-side (to the west) and a B-side (to the east). This means that there are 21 places where a train can be positioned for passenger access, with scissors crossings in

138-747: A catastrophic plan, 'the most disgusting possible attack on the beauty and glory of the capital'. Nevertheless, the building of the Central Station in front of the open harbour was forced through by the railway department of the Ministry of Transport in The Hague , and the Home Secretary, Thorbecke . Finally, the plan made its way through the Amsterdam municipal council by a narrow majority. Construction works started in 1882. The station

184-528: A long delay. Amsterdam Centraal railway station Amsterdam Centraal station ( Dutch : Station Amsterdam Centraal [staːˈɕɔn ˌɑmstərˈdɑm sɛnˈtraːl] ; abbreviation : Asd) is the largest railway station in Amsterdam , North Holland , the Netherlands . A major international railway hub, it is used by 192,000 passengers a day, making it the second busiest railway station in

230-511: A new bus station on the IJ lake side of the station (beyond platform 15). This can be reached from the main central walkway via escalators. Connexxion bus services depart from the Kamperbrug bus stops on the city centre side of the station. Free-of-charge ferry services from Amsterdam Centraal to the borough of Amsterdam North across the IJ lake depart from the quay on the northern side of

276-443: Is also served by a number of GVB tram and ferry routes as well as local and regional bus routes operated by GVB, Connexxion and EBS . Amsterdam Centraal was designed by Dutch architect Pierre Cuypers and opened in 1889. It features a Gothic , Renaissance Revival station building and a cast iron platform roof spanning approximately 40 metres. Since 1997, the station building, underground passages, metro station, and

322-475: Is built on three interconnected artificial islands in the IJ lake. These islands were created with sand taken from the dunes near Velsen , which had become available as a result of the excavation of the North Sea Canal . The islands together are known as Stationseiland (Station Island). Like many other structures in Amsterdam, the station was built on wooden piles (8,687 pieces). The construction of

368-558: Is located under the water of the Open Havenfront, between Stationsplein and Prins Hendrikkade . The main entrance is at the Martelaarsgracht . Access to and from the station is via the central metro hall. The bicycle parking has space for 7,000 bicycles. There is no space for cargo bikes, fat bikes and scooters. Construction started in the summer of 2018 and was completed after more than four years. During this period,

414-543: Is the terminus station of three routes: Line 51 (Amsterdam Centraal - Isolatorweg ), Line 53 (Amsterdam Centraal - Gaasperplas ), and Line 54 (Amsterdam Centraal - Gein ). In July 2018, the new Line 52 ( Noord Station - Zuid Station ) opened. The metro station is only accessible with an OV-chipkaart smart card, the national fare system for public transport in the Netherlands. Disposable cards for one-hour, one-day or multiple-day use are available at ticket machines in

460-811: The Amsterdam Centraal railway station in 1889. Holzmann also built the original Reichstag building completed in 1894, the Hamburg city hall completed in 1897 and several railway projects in East Africa and Asia, especially the Bagdadbahn built from 1903 which incorporates the Istanbul Haydarpaşa railway station finished in 1908, as well as the Varda Viaduct at Taurus Mountains in southern Turkey completed in 1916. Furthermore,

506-864: The Den Helder–Amsterdam railway (1865), also known as the Staatslijn K , from Den Helder to Amsterdam via Alkmaar and Uitgeest ; the Amsterdam-Zutphen railway (1874), also known as the Oosterspoorweg , via Hilversum , Amersfoort and Apeldoorn ; the Amsterdam-Elten railway (1856), also known as the Rhijnspoorweg , via Utrecht and Arnhem ; and the Amsterdam-Schiphol railway (1986), also known as

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552-828: The Frankfurter Büro Center in Frankfurt completed in 1980, the Eurotheum in Frankfurt completed in 1999, the Main Tower in Frankfurt completed in 2000, the Trianon in Frankfurt completed in 2003 and the Western Scheldt Tunnel in the Netherlands also completed in 2003. At its peak in 1994, the company had 43,000 employees and was with a revenue of 13.1 billion DM the largest German construction company. Despite public efforts for

598-960: The General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge in Venezuela completed in 1962, the AfE-Turm in Frankfurt completed in 1972, the Westend Gate in Frankfurt completed in 1976, the Eurotower in Frankfurt completed in 1977 and the Silberturm in Frankfurt completed in 1978. These projects enabled Holzmann to expand into the United States and in 1979 it acquired J.A. Jones Construction , a major US contractor. More recent major projects involving Holzmann included

644-577: The Rijksmuseum , the station's overall architecture reminded many contemporaries of medieval cathedrals. For that reason, as well as for the fact that it became increasingly clear that the national government wanted the station to be built at the city's waterfront effectively separating the city from the IJ lake , the plan was highly controversial. In his book on the history of city, Amsterdam historian Geert Mak writes that: Almost all of Amsterdam's own experts and others involved thought this to be

690-627: The UK Border Force ) in the station before boarding their train (without having to disembark at Brussels-South station , go through the juxtaposed controls there, and re-board the train before continuing their journey to the UK). However, the launch was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic . The inauguration of juxtaposed controls in the station subsequently took place on 26 October 2020. From 2017 there will be further reconstruction works at

736-576: The Weesp–Leiden railway (1978) and the Amsterdam–Schiphol railway (1986) provided a shorter connection from Leiden through Schiphol Airport to Amsterdam. Nevertheless, the old line via Haarlem has remained an important railway line. In March 2015 a new tunnel and station were opened in Delft , underpassing the former railway station and viaduct. Currently the doubling of the tracks is underway, after

782-490: The Westtak Ringspoorbaan . As of December 2014, Amsterdam Centraal is served by 8 international rail routes and 22 national rail routes. From Amsterdam Central Station, one can travel by train to most major destinations in the Netherlands and surrounding countries. In the 2024 timetable, the station will be served by the following train series: IC 77 IC 35 ICE 43 National rail services at

828-554: The Amsterdam Centraal building site, the line was fully completed in 2018. Construction works at the station include a renovation of the station building, including the reconstruction of original station features which had disappeared over the years, a redevelopment of the Stationsplein (Station Square), and a new bus station on the north side of the station. In 2000, the new western passenger tunnel opened replacing

874-584: The Netherlands, and follows the old horse-drawn boat (Dutch: trekschuit ) canal route from Leiden via Haarlem to Amsterdam- Sloterdijk . It was opened between 1839 and 1847 by the Hollandsche IJzeren Spoorweg-Maatschappij . The oldest section, opened in 1839, led from Amsterdam to Haarlem. Leiden and The Hague were reached in 1843, and the final section from The Hague to Rotterdam was opened in June 1847. The opening of

920-504: The Station Island. With all buses eventually moving to the new bus station on the north side, the Station Island should only be accessible to pedestrians, cyclists and trams. The three passenger tunnels underneath the station were upgraded and provided with convenience stores and kiosks. In addition, two new passageways were created enabling the hosting of larger retail stores, geared towards passengers who have more time to spend at

966-457: The capital city's industrial and commercial importance. A royal waiting room for the Dutch monarchy (one of three in active use in the country today) was also included in the design. Cuypers' station reflects the romantic nationalistic mood in the late nineteenth-century Netherlands , with its many decorative elements glorifying the nation's economic and colonial power at the time. As with

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1012-465: The city. In 1920, the East Wing of the station (the lower end of the building) was demolished and replaced by "The East", a postal service building designed by Cuypers' son Joseph. A second, narrower and longer but similar roof on the north side of the station was completed in 1922. In the 1950s, a pedestrian tunnel was created between the station and the road in front of it, which terminated inside

1058-648: The company participated in the construction of the Elbe Tunnel of 1911 and the Hindenburgdamm completed in 1927, and also the modernist Riederwald housing estate in Frankfurt. In 1917, Philipp Holzmann & Cie merged with the Internationale Baugesellschaft and became the publicly traded Philipp Holzmann Aktiengesellschaft . In 1938, the company had 20,800 employees and contributed to several major building projects like

1104-416: The country after Utrecht Centraal and the most visited Rijksmonument of the Netherlands. National and international railway services at Amsterdam Centraal are provided by NS (Nederlandse Spoorwegen) , the principal rail operator in the Netherlands. Amsterdam Centraal is the northern terminus of Amsterdam Metro routes 51, 53, 54, and stop for 52 operated by municipal public transport operator GVB . It

1150-604: The direction of Sloterdijk station . In 1996, a third, 'centre roof' designed by Jan Garvelink, architect at Holland Rail Consult, was built between the two existing roofs, whereby all platforms at the station were now covered. Since 1997, the station has been continuously undergoing reconstruction works because of the development of the North-South Line of the Amsterdam Metro , which was originally planned to be completed in 2014. Due to several setbacks, some at

1196-408: The first two days after the opening, several dozens of thousands paid. The opening of the central station marked the city's transition from a waterfront city to an inland city, spurring further redevelopment activities in the city centre which included the realignment of streets and the filling up of canals. The waterways would soon be replaced by tramways and cars as the primary modes of transport in

1242-454: The former sawmill company was concentrating on the supply of ties for railway construction, but then began to expand into building construction and civil engineering. In 1856, the headquarters moved to Frankfurt where in the late 19th century the company experienced rapid growth. The first large building contract to be finished was the opera house completed in 1880, followed by the central station in Frankfurt am Main completed in 1888 and

1288-486: The main tunnel in the centre of the station which was shut down enabling the construction of the new metro line. In 2004, platforms 10-15 were extended to accommodate international high-speed rail services. Construction works for the bus station commenced in 2003, opened in 2009 and finished in 2014. It includes the construction of a fourth station roof and a station hall with space for shops and restaurants. It replaces 5 small bus stations and several isolated bus stops across

1334-486: The metro station hall. As of 2018, the following metro services call at Centraal Station: Tram services at Amsterdam Centraal are provided from two tram stations on Stationsplein (Station Square), situated in front of the station's main entrance. Tram routes 2, 12, 13 and 17 call on the west side ( Westzijde , Platform B) of the square, the other routes call on the east side ( Oostzijde , Platform-A). As of July 2018, GVB city bus routes 18, 21 and 22 and 48 depart from

1380-576: The middle enabling trains to pass each other. Track 1 terminates short of the western end of the station building, which fronts track 2. Tracks 3, 6, 9, and 12 have no platform. Amsterdam Centraal is a terminus station on many historical railway lines in the Netherlands: the Amsterdam–Rotterdam railway (1839), also known as the Oude Lijn , via Haarlem , Leiden and The Hague (Den Haag);

1426-917: The new Reich Chancellery in Berlin, the Nazi party rally grounds in Nürnberg, the Prora complex as well as the Westwall and numerous sections of the Reichsautobahn . In World War II, Holzmann constructed large parts of the Atlantic Wall by order of the Organisation Todt . In the post-war period, the company soon recovered with the rebuilding of Frankfurt, the airport and several public infrastructure projects. Post-war projects included

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1472-557: The new bus platform G on the lake side of the station ( IJzijde or 'IJ side'). Night bus services operate daily, starting around midnight and running until around 6 AM. From Monday to Thursday, night buses run once per hour. On Fridays, Saturdays, and Sundays, they run twice per hour. As of December 2014, all night buses depart from platform G on the lake side of the station and call at all main entertainment areas in Amsterdam's city centre, including Leidseplein and Rembrandtplein . EBS (part of Egged ) regional bus services depart from

1518-497: The open harbour front allowing for the station to be connected to the existing main lines in the area to the west and the south, but also to a projected new northern line. Cuypers' design of the station building in many ways strongly resembled his other architectural masterpiece, the Rijksmuseum , of which the construction had begun in 1876. It features a palace -like, Gothic / Renaissance Revival facade, with two turrets and many ornamental details and stone reliefs referring to

1564-535: The station are provided by NS , the principal rail operator in the Netherlands. NS offers four types of rail service from Amsterdam Centraal: Intercity Direct operating on the HSL-Zuid high-speed rail line, long-distance Intercity services, local Sprinter services, and the Nachtnet night service. Amsterdam Centraal metro station (called Centraal Station on the Amsterdam Metro system) opened in 1980. It

1610-680: The station at the De Ruijterkade . Just behind the station is the EYE Film Institute Netherlands , easily accessible with a free ferry. Due to the completion of the Stationseiland project and the implementation of the Entree plan, the station has had two indoor bicycle parking station and two station bicycle parking stations around the station since 2023. After moving both car traffic and bus traffic from

1656-525: The station square to the rear of the station, the municipality has further reduced the large number of bicycles parked on the street around the station with the construction of these two large station bicycle parkings at the station, whereby cyclists have to park their bicycles in the sheds and no longer on the street. The Stationsplein Bicycle Parking, the largest bicycle shed in Amsterdam, opened on 26 January 2023 at Central Station. The bicycle shed

1702-416: The station was delayed because of the instability of the soil, which set back the completion of the work by several years. The station building was completed in 1884, but the commission to Cuypers did not include the roofwork of the platforms. Therefore, the station did not yet feature its distinctive station roof. This roof, consisting of 50 curved trusses and a span of almost 45 meters (147 ft 8 in),

1748-670: The station. On 4 February 2020, the Minister of Infrastructure and Water Management , Cora van Nieuwenhuizen , and the UK Transport Secretary , Grant Shapps , announced that juxtaposed controls would be established in the station. According to the announcement, starting from 30 April 2020, Eurostar passengers travelling to the UK would clear exit checks from the Schengen Area as well as UK entry checks (conducted by

1794-428: The station. A number of platforms will be widened making use of the tracks which do not currently have platforms. This means that alterations will be made in the tunnels under the platforms again. Furthermore, the eastern tunnel will be made wider, based on the example of the middle tunnel. The old railway bridges to the east of the station will also be replaced. Amsterdam Centraal has 15 tracks, 11 of which are alongside

1840-421: The station. With the construction of the metro tunnel in the late 1970s, both the pedestrian tunnel and the road in front of the station disappeared. In the early 1980s, the central hall and middle tunnel were considerably widened and modernized. In the 1990s, a new signaling post was built on the western side of the station. In addition, the number of tracks on that side was expanded in order to increase capacity in

1886-495: The surrounding area have been undergoing major reconstruction and renovation works to accommodate the North-South Line metro route, which was opened on 22 July 2018. Amsterdam Centraal has the second longest railway platform in the Netherlands with a length of 695 metres. Due to the length, each platform may serve two trains, while one embarks from side "a" of a platform and the other, from side "b". Amsterdam Centraal

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1932-663: The temporary Westerdok Station used from 1878 to 1889. The idea for a central station came from Johan Rudolph Thorbecke , then the Netherlands Minister of the Interior and responsible for the national railways, who, in 1884, laid two proposals before the Amsterdam municipal council. In the first proposal, the station would be situated between the Leidseplein and the Amstel river. In the other, it would be built in

1978-582: The water from the Open Havenfront was pumped away and part of the Prins Hendrikkade, with the former Prins Hendrikplantsoen, was excavated. The storage facility was built in the construction pit, after which the water returned. Above the storage facility there are now jetties for tour boats . On 22 February 2023, the IJboulevard Bicycle Parking was also completed and put into use on the north side of Central Station, which

2024-588: Was built in the water of the IJ and will be located under the new IJboulevard along the De Ruijterkade (construction started in March 2021). 4,000 bicycles can be parked here. Philipp Holzmann Philipp Holzmann AG was a German construction company based in Frankfurt am Main . The company was founded in 1849 by Johann Philipp Holzmann (1805-1870) at Sprendlingen in present-day Dreieich near Frankfurt am Main as Philipp Holzmann & Cie. Initially,

2070-436: Was designed by Pierre Cuypers , who is also known for his design of the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam. While Cuypers was the principal architect, it is believed that he focused mostly on the decoration of the station building and left the structural design to railway engineers. The station was built by contractor Philipp Holzmann . The new central station replaced Amsterdam Willemspoort Station, which had closed in 1878, as well as

2116-405: Was designed by L.J. Eijmer, a civil engineer with the private railroad company Staatsspoorwegen . The roof was manufactured by Andrew Handyside and Company of Derby , England . Cuypers did design the decorations for the trusses and the gable ends. On 15 October 1889, the station was officially opened, drawing large numbers of crowds. The visitors were charged 0.25 guilders to see the station; in

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