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97-423: 4,971 mm (195.7 in) (2005–2009) 1,902 mm (74.9 in) (2005–2009) The Land Rover Range Rover (L322), generally shortened to Range Rover , is the third-generation Range Rover model from British car maker Land Rover and was originally developed under the codename 'L30'. The L322 was introduced in 2001 and had a production run of over ten years. Planned and developed under BMW ownership,

194-792: A mid-size crossover using the Range Rover name in March 2017. Named the Range Rover Velar, it has a roofline running away on its bodywork and uses the same platform as the Jaguar F-Pace , which serves as the basis for its design. A song titled "I Found a Place in My Heart" and "Find Your Heaven", co-written by Dom James and Tommy Antonio for Range Rover commercials, is sung by Emma Smith. The Range Rover brand has attracted some controversy, particularly from those concerned with

291-406: A 2014 Range Rover after 22,830 miles (36,741 km) turned up only two things that went wrong with the car. According to an automotive journalist, "Land Rover doesn't care about JD Power ratings because it doesn't need to care" since people "still line up for months to pay full sticker." Monocoque First used for boats, a true monocoque carries both tensile and compressive forces within

388-619: A 4.4L BMW/JLR V8 engine is also an option. It was launched with a range of mild hybrid diesel and petrol engines, with plug-in hybrids due in early 2022 and an all-electric model in 2024. The success of Jaguar Land Rover since its formation in 2008 is reflected largely in the rising sales of the Range Rover. In 2009, as a severe recession took hold, just over 22,000 were sold. Four years later, it sold more than twice as many units, with more than 45,000 being sold. By 2015, Range Rover sales worldwide exceeded 60,000. This table excludes Range Rover Sport, Evoque, and Velar. The total figure

485-482: A Jaguar unit. The new engine choices were Jaguar 's AJ-V8 , with 4.4-litre 300 hp (220 kW) or 4.2-litre 400 hp (300 kW) supercharged variants. The engines are aluminium alloy units, with advanced torque-based engine management system, drive-by-wire throttle control, and variable camshaft phasing (on the 4.4-litre version). This new Range Rover was officially presented at the 2005 North American International Auto Show and released in summer 2005. From

582-644: A Range Rover TDV8 Vogue and it was "the best car in the world and best 4x4." As of 2023, he still owns and operates a car matching this description, and it primarily serves on his farm in Chipping Norton. The L322's successor, the L405 , was announced in August 2012 and unveiled the same year at the Paris Motor Show . The previous generation P38 Range Rover (or "Pegasus") had been developed whilst

679-514: A combination of castings and sheet-metal stampings". Single-piece carbon fiber bicycle frames are sometimes described as monocoques; however as most use components to form a frame structure (even if molded in a single piece), these are frames not monocoques, and the pedal-cycle industry continues to refer to them as framesets. The P40DC, P42DC and P32ACDM all utilize a monocoque shell. Various rockets have used pressure-stabilized monocoque designs, such as Atlas and Falcon 1 . The Atlas

776-409: A drinks cabinet. Either the 4.4 TDV8 or 5.0 Supercharged engines can be chosen, both with extra power, the cars also feature a modified 'Aero 3' Overfinch body kit to distinguish them from other Range Rovers. The 2011 model year Range Rovers include minor styling changes, improved interiors and an upgraded 4x4 system as well new optional packages. A new 4.4-litre TDV8 diesel engine became available with

873-469: A famous Holland & Holland colour; the cars can also be specified with two-tone leather and extended walnut trim, which can be colour matched to a customer's gun. Features unique to the Holland & Holland include a bespoke rear console and refrigerator including power outputs and storage for branded crystal tumblers. In the boot, all Holland & Holland cars have a gun box fully furnished and including

970-494: A frame. This reduces weight for a given amount of armour. Examples include the German TPz Fuchs and RG-33 . French industrialist and engineer Georges Roy attempted in the 1920s to improve on the bicycle-inspired motorcycle frames of the day, which lacked rigidity. This limited their handling and therefore performance. He applied for a patent in 1926, and at the 1929 Paris Automotive Show unveiled his new motorcycle,

1067-406: A fuel tank incorporated into the frame. A monocoque-framed motorcycle was developed by Spanish manufacturer Ossa for the 1967 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season . Although the single-cylinder Ossa had 20 horsepower (15 kW) less than its rivals, it was 45 pounds (20 kg) lighter and its monocoque frame was much stiffer than conventional motorcycle frames , giving it superior agility on

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1164-413: A minor structural contribution in tension but none in compression and was there for aerodynamic reasons only. By considering the structure as a whole and not just the sum of its parts, monocoque construction integrated the skin and frame into a single load-bearing shell with significant improvements to strength and weight. To make the shell, thin strips of wood were laminated into a three dimensional shape;

1261-455: A new ZF 8HP70 eight-speed automatic transmission . There are also new leather and wood colours, as well as reclining rear seats with winged headrests. Honeywell Turbo Technologies produced the turbochargers used in LR-TDV8 engine from 2011 in the new 4.4 TDV8 due to reliability issues on the 3.6 TDV8 setup. By the time of the launch, Land Rover had been sold to Ford in 2000, as part of

1358-463: A premium sound system with six-disc CD changer, navigation system with voice activation, rearview camera, wireless mobile phone link, universal garage door opener, and outside-temperature indicator. Options included 14-way power heated/cooled front seats, DVD entertainment system, and upgraded leather upholstery. The Range Rover's exterior was updated for 2006 along with the BMW V8 being replaced with

1455-538: A result of BMW's subsequent ownership of Rover Group and hence the Land Rover brand. This model was the last to use the Rover V8 and interior leather supplied by Connolly who went out of business in 2002. It was the first model to feature Satellite Navigation as an option. In 2001, the third-generation model was introduced, which saw the model move further upmarket. Planned and developed under BMW ownership

1552-465: A shortened wheelbase, smaller luggage capacity and a single rather than split tailgate which was angled back for styling improvements. With entry model pricing close to upper Discovery models, the Sport became the biggest seller of all the Land Rover products. This model was released for sale in late 2004 as a 2004 model. In 2013 a redesigned version was released for sale as a 2014 model year "L494". Unlike

1649-399: A solid frame. This becomes obvious when internal pressure is lost and the structure collapses. Monocoque tanks can also be cheaper to manufacture than more traditional orthogrids . Blue Origin's upcoming New Glenn launch vehicle will use monocoque construction on its second stage despite the mass penalty in order to reduce the cost of production. This is especially important when the stage

1746-515: A technique adopted from boat hull construction. One of the earliest examples was the Deperdussin Monocoque racer in 1912, which used a laminated fuselage made up of three layers of glued poplar veneer, which provided both the external skin and the main load-bearing structure. This also produced a smoother surface and reduced drag so effectively that it was able to win most of the races it was entered into. This style of construction

1843-497: A tensile stressed skin and a compressive structure made up of longerons and ribs or frames . Other semi-monocoques, not to be confused with true monocoques, include vehicle unibodies , which tend to be composites, and inflatable shells or balloon tanks , both of which are pressure stabilised. Early aircraft were constructed using frames, typically of wood or steel tubing, which could then be covered (or skinned ) with fabric such as Irish linen or cotton . The fabric made

1940-539: A touch screen with on and off-road navigation, radio, CD, Satellite Radio (US), telephone, rear view camera , a wireless video camera system and other additional features all accessed via the same user interface. The audio system is Harman Kardon Logic 7 surround sound. Also available is a DVD rear seat entertainment which is fully integrated. This system is linked by an industry-standard fibre optic network known as Media Oriented Systems Transport or MOST and an electronic network system known as CAN bus . A similar system

2037-563: A uniform material. After failed attempts with several large flying boats in which a few components were monocoques, he built the Zeppelin-Lindau V1 to test out a monocoque fuselage. Although it crashed, he learned a lot from its construction. The Dornier-Zeppelin D.I was built in 1918 and although too late for operational service during the war was the first all metal monocoque aircraft to enter production. In parallel to Dornier, Zeppelin also employed Adolf Rohrbach , who built

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2134-474: Is a 4x4 luxury SUV produced by Land Rover , a marque and sub-brand of Jaguar Land Rover . The Range Rover line was launched in 1970 by British Leyland and is now in its fifth generation. Additional models have been launched under the Range Rover name, including the Range Rover Sport , Range Rover Evoque , and Range Rover Velar . The Rover Company (originator of the Land Rover marque)

2231-480: Is a substantial 472 lb/ft (640 Nm) at 2,000 rpm. Other changes for 2007 include better brakes, revised suspension, and Land Rover's Terrain Response system. Supercharged Range Rovers have an electronic rear differential (optional on other models). For the 2010 model year refresh, the Range Rover received an updated exterior grille, a multicamera vision system, front bumper with newly repositioned fog lights lower in

2328-475: Is also used on Land Rover Discovery and Range Rover Sport . Suppliers for the 2006 Range Rover's components include Continental Automotive for the complete cockpit module which incorporates the Denso touch screen navigation unit. Continental also supply the centre console unit. Other suppliers include Alpine car audio for integrated head unit rear seat entertainment. Connaught Electronics Limited (CEL) provides

2425-692: Is diesel-powered hybrid electric model unveiled at the 2013 Frankfurt Motor Show . The ordering process began in September 2013, and retail deliveries in Europe were slated to start in early 2014. The Range Rover Plug-in Hybrid is a petrol-powered PHEV model unveiled in 2018. In 2021 Land Rover started selling the Range Rover Sport D350 model which runs on the 3.0-litre D300 Ingenium Diesel engine. The fifth generation Range Rover

2522-500: Is from 2009, excluding those sold prior to that year. A Range Rover was used to win the 1979 inaugural and 1981 Paris–Dakar Rally , completing a race distance in each case of approx 10,000 km. Range Rovers also competed in the East African Safari Rally throughout the 1980s. On 26 November 2004, Land Rover released the first photographs of the Range Rover Sport , a new model it planned to show to

2619-528: The Jeep Wagoneer , the original Range Rover was not designed as a luxury vehicle. It was up-market compared to preceding Land Rover models, but the early Range Rovers had fairly basic, utilitarian, interiors with vinyl seats and plastic dashboards that were designed to be washed down with a hose. Convenience features such as power steering , carpeted floors, air conditioning, cloth/leather seats, and wooden interior trim were fitted later. The Range Rover

2716-464: The Junkers J 1 had appeared as early as 1915, these were not monocoques but added a metal skin to an underlying framework. The first metal monocoques were built by Claudius Dornier , while working for Zeppelin-Lindau. He had to overcome a number of problems, not least was the quality of aluminium alloys strong enough to use as structural materials, which frequently formed layers instead of presenting

2813-522: The Range Rover Sport ). The ignition switch was moved from the lower part of the centre console up to the dashboard, next to the steering wheel and the Range Rover received the Range Rover Sport / LR3's Terrain Response system as well as a redesigned four-wheel drive control panel. The handbrake is now electronic. Additionally, the seats differ from the old style, resembling the new Range Rover Sports seat design. Heated seats are standard across

2910-724: The Range Rover Sport , based on the Land Rover Discovery platform. Later models received the latest Range Rover platform. In 2011 came the Range Rover Evoque , and in 2017 the Range Rover Velar (re-using the name of the very first, pre-production Range Rovers). From 1970 until 1987, the Range Rover was only available to American consumers through unofficial grey market import channels. Its popularity via these imports prompted official U.S. sales to begin on 16 March 1987. From that time until 1993,

3007-729: The Zeppelin-Staaken E-4/20 , which when it flew in 1920 became the first multi-engined monocoque airliner, before being destroyed under orders of the Inter-Allied Commission. At the end of WWI, the Inter-Allied Technical Commission published details of the last Zeppelin-Lindau flying boat showing its monocoque construction. In the UK, Oswald Short built a number of experimental aircraft with metal monocoque fuselages starting with

Range Rover (L322) - Misplaced Pages Continue

3104-489: The "Supercharged" variant (rear lamps became clear/clear). The second exterior update was in 2010, bringing an even more modern feel to the L322 with a new fascia, tail lamps, side grills, and clear side markers. The interiors stayed relatively the same until 2006.5, (NAS 2007). A major change came in 2010: a range of new engines was offered, with 5-litre versions of the petrol V8 in standard and supercharged forms, and revision of

3201-427: The 1920 Short Silver Streak in an attempt to convince the air ministry of its superiority over wood. Despite advantages, aluminium alloy monocoques would not become common until the mid 1930s as a result of a number of factors, including design conservatism and production setup costs. Short would eventually prove the merits of the construction method with a series of flying boats, whose metal hulls didn't absorb water as

3298-648: The 1989 introduced 1st generation Discovery (directly based on the standard (short) wheelbase Range Rover), and for the 2nd generation Range Rover, based on the LWB chassis of the Classic. Jaguar-Rover-Australia began assembly of the Range Rover from CKD kits at its Enfield plant, in New South Wales , Australia in 1979. Government increases in the tariff on parts led to the discontinuation of Australian assembly in 1983. The first-generation Range Rover served as

3395-494: The Aero-D One, featuring a composite monocoque chassis that weighed only 12 kg (26 lb). An aluminium monocoque frame was used for the first time on a mass-produced motorcycle from 2000 on Kawasaki's ZX-12R , their flagship production sportbike aimed at being the fastest production motorcycle . It was described by Cycle World in 2000 as a "monocoque backbone ... a single large diameter beam" and "Fabricated from

3492-514: The Art-Deco styled 1930 Majestic. Its new type of monocoque body solved the problems he had addressed, and along with better rigidity it did double-duty, as frame and bodywork provided some protection from the elements. Strictly considered, it was more of a semi-monocoque, as it used a box-section, pressed-steel frame with twin side rails riveted together via crossmembers, along with floor pans and rear and front bulkheads. A Piatti light scooter

3589-565: The Buick-derived Rover V8 engine . In 1984, the engine was fitted with Lucas fuel injection, boosting power to 155 hp (116 kW). The 3.5-litre (3,528 cc) engine was bored out to a displacement of 3.9 litres (3,947 cc) for the 1990 model year, and 4.2-litre (4,215 cc) in 1992 (1993 model year ) for the 108-inch Long Wheelbase Vogue LSE (County LWB [long wheelbase] in North America). One of

3686-589: The CD multi-changer and the Venture-cam, if fitted. In a return to original Range Rover styling, more wood inserts have been added to the doors and centre console. Midway through production of the 2007 model (around production date of January 2007) the style of the key was changed from the BMW design to Land Rover's "switchblade" type. This was a sealed unit and contained a rechargeable battery, charged from an exciting coil in

3783-504: The Holland & Holland edition Range Rover is billed as an all season luxury supercar. It is not an official Land Rover limited edition, the model is produced by Overfinch using a standard Range Rover furnished with unique features using Holland & Holland as design consultants. Supplied to Overfinch unfurnished and sometimes unpainted, when complete they can be maintained officially through any Land Rover dealership. The cars can be finished in five unique colours including Tintern Green,

3880-546: The L322 used a standard BMW E39 electrics system. From 2005-2009 the L322 saw an updated Jaguar-derived electrical system with fibre optics and Bluetooth. From 2010-2012 the L322 used updated Jaguar-derived electrics, the first "modern feeling" system, replacing the gear lever with a rotary dial. In MY06 the first exterior update was applied with a face-lift of the front fascia, tail lamps (orange/red now became red/red), side vents (from two "gills" to three), clear indicator side-repeaters. Some other slight differences can be found on

3977-566: The Land Rover LRX concept car which it resembles. It is available with either a three-door or five-door hatchback body, front-wheel drive or four-wheel drive, and with a 2-litre turbocharged petrol engine or one of two different power output 2.0-litre turbo-diesel engines. In 2012, at the Geneva Motor Show , Land Rover unveiled a convertible concept, which featured four seats and a drop-down tailgate. Land Rover unveiled

Range Rover (L322) - Misplaced Pages Continue

4074-548: The Land Rover are in the lowest category - known as "The Rest" - for quality overall, dependability, sales satisfaction, and customer service, with the cars only earning a "Better than Most" rank in the performance and design overall category. The Land Rover brand has "a legacy of quality problems" and ranks "at the bottom of the J.D. Power reliability ratings for three-year-old vehicles". The JD Power 2014 U.S. Customer Service Index (CSI) study ranked Land Rover last in overall customer satisfaction. However, one Motor Trend review of

4171-838: The Paris-Dakar rally the subsequent documentary is replete with such terrain, documenting the vehicle's endurance. In 1972, the British Trans-Americas Expedition became the first vehicle-based expedition to traverse the Americas from north to south, including traversing the roadless Darién Gap . The specially modified Range Rovers used for this expedition are now on display in the British Motor Industry Heritage Trust collection at Gaydon , Warwickshire. Range Rover sub-brands have been launched. In 2004, Land Rover debuted

4268-404: The Range Rover was finalised in 1969. Twenty-six Velar-badged engineering development vehicles were built between 1969 and 1970 and were road registered with the number plates YVB151H through to YVB177H. Though being chassis no. 3, YVB 153H is believed to have been the first off the production line as a vehicle in that colour was urgently required for marketing. (The Range Rover with chassis no. 1

4365-407: The Range Rover, beginning with the 111 bhp (83 kW) 200TDi, first released in the Land Rover Discovery and following in 1994, the 300 TDi, again with 111 bhp. The first generation was known as the Range Rover until almost the end of its production when Land Rover introduced the name Range Rover Classic to distinguish it from its successors. The original model served as the basis for

4462-489: The Rear View Camera (RVC) and Wireless Camera (VentureCam) systems and PTI telephone capabilities are provided by Nokia . Most importantly the audio system was co-developed with Harman Kardon . The premium offering gives a 720 Watt, 14-speaker system and was the first OEM vehicle to use the discrete Logic 7 surround algorithm. For 2007, many of the Range Rover's changes were mechanical or interior. However,

4559-573: The Rover Group was owned by British Aerospace , and budgetary constraints during the development had been extremely tight. There was also press criticism of the P38A that its styling lacked the "presence" of the original 1970 Range Rover. When the Rover Group was taken over by BMW shortly after the P38A's launch in 1994, the newly installed BMW management at Land Rover quickly concluded that

4656-478: The Supercharged version and fitted with the 4.2-liter supercharged 400 bhp (298 kW; 406 PS) Jaguar V8. To celebrate forty years, Land Rover produced the 40th Anniversary Edition Range Rover. Autobiography Black model features a different grille, Barolo Black paintwork, and a choice of Jet/Ivory or Jet/Pimento interiors. 700 cars were produced. A special edition produced wholly by Land Rover. In

4753-470: The TDV8 engine developed by Ford and Land Rover at Dagenham and Gaydon. The 3.6-litre AJD-V8 32-valve twin turbo V8 engine develops 272 hp (203 kW), far more than the 177 hp (132 kW) of the previous engine and so is better capable to deal with the weighty vehicle. The maximum speed is 124 mph, whilst 0-60 mph was reduced to 8.6 seconds for a car with a kerb weight of 2.7 tons. Torque

4850-624: The U.S. marketing was all in the name of Range Rover, because it was the only model offered in the American market. In 1993, with the arrival of the Defender 110 and the imminent arrival of the Land Rover Discovery , the company's U.S. sales were under the name "Land Rover North America". The first-generation Range Rover was produced between 1970 and 1996. It was available only in a 2-door body until 1981. (Before then, 4-door models had been produced by specialist firms). Unlike other 4x4s such as

4947-545: The automotive computer bus system) on pre-facelift models were almost identical to those in the BMW E39 5 Series. Early models of the third-generation model Range Rover could be upgraded with some newer BMW technologies, although from 2005 onwards the electronics were based on Ford/Jaguar systems. The design has a monocoque (unibody) construction with four-wheel independent air suspension . Air suspension allowed variable ride height and achieved similar axle articulation to

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5044-523: The badging could be made up utilising existing letters from the word "Land Rover". The Range Rover was launched in 1970. In the early 1970s, the Musée du Louvre in Paris exhibited a Range Rover as an "exemplary work of industrial design". In 1971, ex-Cream drummer Ginger Baker used the unproven Range Rover to drive from Algeria to Lagos, Nigeria, to set up a recording studio and jam with Fela Kuti. Predating

5141-628: The base for specialist utility vehicles. These included the Carmichaels International six-wheel Fire Tender . This was a two-door model with an extended chassis and a third "lazy" axle added. Designed for small airfield use, it had a water-pump mounted on the front bumper driven directly by the V8's crankshaft. The MoD purchased them for the RAF, this version was called the TACR2 . Carmichaels

5238-488: The board, with newly available climate controlled front seats standard on all supercharged trims and HSE Luxury/Vogue, with three settings for cool air and hot air activated by round dials on either side of the analog clock on the lower part of the center control stack, and the premium leather seats from the BMW era are no longer available, with new more premium quality leather in different grains for HSE/Vogue, SE/Vogue, HSE Luxury/ Vogue and all supercharged trims. The HVAC system

5335-499: The bumper, LED accented bi-xenon headlights/LED tail/brake lights with front and rear amber LED turn signals with a three bar design, optional blind spot assist and adaptive auto high beam headlights which are now part of the new for 2010 vision assist package optional on the HSE and HSE with the luxury package, standard on all supercharged trims. Two new petrol engines (5.0 naturally aspirated V8 and 5.0 supercharged V8), and new features. It

5432-540: The car would not have a long shelf life compared to its predecessor, due to its fundamentally dated underpinnings, and cancelled the planned '99 Model Year' updates. A proposed replacement for the Discovery was postponed and development of an all-new Range Rover, codenamed L322, took priority. The initial codename for the project was L30, in line with the then system of Lxx for Land Rover projects, such as Freelander (L20) and Discovery Series 2 (L25). The L30 project

5529-457: The diesel engine of the 2006 model (at this time still the BMW six-cylinder unit) to the supercharged V8, the car could reach 60 mph (97 km/h) from 14.8 seconds or as little as 6.5 seconds and has a top speed from 110 mph (180 km/h) to approximately 130 mph (210 km/h) (governed), respectively. In addition to the engine change, the 2006 Range Rover is equipped with an updated "infotainment" system. This includes

5626-610: The driver, whilst someone in the front passenger seat can use the same screen to use the onboard DVD player at the same time, for example. This system also contains a state-of-the-art multi-camera system from Valeo Vision Systems in Ireland, which allows the driver to see around the vehicle during manoeuvres and which contains multiple overlays and views. For 2012 model year, it got a new wheel center cap design with 'Range Rover' logo on it instead of 'Land Rover', also plastic on side vent and door handle were deleted. Unveiled in early 2010,

5723-427: The exterior front and rear profiles. The fourth generation Range Rover, codenamed L405, was exhibited in September 2012 at the 2012 Paris Motor Show . It uses an all-aluminium monocoque unitary body structure, instead of the third generation's steel unibody — making it the first production 4x4 SUV to do so, resulting in a reduction of 420 kg (926 lb) compared to its predecessor. The Range Rover Hybrid

5820-413: The external C-pillar was given a glass facelift akin to that of the Range Rover Sport, marking a subtle and yet clear departure from the original BMW influenced design. On the inside, the hidden folding cup holder that popped out of the end of the dashboard in previous models was replaced by a simpler and more durable in-console design with sliding covers (similar in concept, but higher quality, to those in

5917-559: The first significant changes came in 1981, with the introduction of a four-door body. Shortly after twin-thermo fan technology was introduced to reduce significant overheating problems 1970s models experienced in Australia. In 1988, LR introduced a 2.4-litre turbodiesel (badged Vogue Turbo D) with 112 bhp (84 kW), manufactured by Italian VM Motori . The same engine was available in the Rover SD1 passenger car. The diesel project

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6014-486: The front, the car is little different from a standard Autobiography, more wood finishes are offered, as are a few unique trim pieces. The difference is in the rear cabin, which is furnished with two iPads , a fixed armrest with metal laptop desk, electric reclining climate-controlled seats, and a refrigerator. The car can be ordered in two colours, with 20-inch wheels, body-coloured door handles and smoked grills and gills. 500 cars were produced. An armoured Range Rover Vogue

6111-413: The ignition switch, the idea being to avoid the need to replace key batteries for the life of the vehicle. The key contained three buttons: the standard “lock”, “unlock”, and a third “Land Rover” oval button which could be re-programmed to activate a number of functions. This button normally came pre-programmed to operate the tailgate release function. The BMW M57 diesel engine was replaced for 2007 with

6208-423: The move to Solihull and the contract included a clause which continued BMW's involvement until after the car had entered volume production. The switch to Lxxx codenames occurred after the sale to Ford with L30 being renamed L322 at the top of a model line-up of Range Rover Sport (L320) Land Rover Discovery (Discovery 3 L319), Land Rover Defender (L316) and Freelander (L314). The third-generation Range Rover

6305-418: The new for 2010 Jaguar XJ (X351) . This change consisted of a 12-inch TFT LCD virtual instrument panel, which replaces the conventional cluster design — instead 'virtual' gauges are displayed where physical analog gauges were previously. This allows various sets of information to be displayed as required — for example navigation and map information can be displayed instead of engine readouts, whilst when one of

6402-551: The off-road driving modes is selected on the Terrain Response system the 'gauges' are reorganised to provide space to display the schematic of the vehicle's suspension, steering and transmission systems. The other display unit is fitted to the centre console and uses a bi-directional screen to show different images depending on viewing angle (may not be available in the US). This allows navigational information to be displayed to

6499-457: The original Range Rover, the second-generation (model-designation P38A) was introduced for the 1995 model year, based on the LWB chassis of the model, with an updated version of the Rover V8 engine or a 2.5-litre BMW six-cylinder turbo-diesel with a Bosch injection pump. This was the first diesel injection with electronic controls in a Land Rover, before common rails were introduced. This was

6596-606: The original and current Discovery, it does not have steel chassis rails, but is based on the new D7u alloy Platform, which much more resembles the current flagship Range Rover with closer equipment levels and capabilities in a smaller body style. Hence the L494 Range Rover Sport is around 400 kg lighter than the previous generation and benefits in performance due to its weight reduction. The Range Rover Evoque, which went into production in July 2011, has its roots in

6693-521: The potential negative environmental impact of large, luxury vehicles. In 2005, members of Greenpeace temporarily disrupted Range Rover production at the Land Rover plant in Solihull. In 2004, Spen King criticised owners of off-roaders who drove their vehicles in urban areas, saying that vehicles like the Range Rover he created were "never intended as a status symbol but later incarnations of my design seem to be intended for that purpose." In 2014 it

6790-798: The previous live axle design. This retained off-road abilities while improving on-road performance. The new Range Rover's introduction in early 2002 as a 2003 model for the North American market resulted in the Range Rover, Mitsubishi Montero and Ford Expedition (also new for 2003) being the only three SUVs in the full-size sport utility class with four-wheel independent suspension systems at that time. Early US-specification Range Rover included air conditioning with tri-zone climate controls with interior air filter, power tilt/telescopic leather-wrapped steering wheel with radio controls, cruise control, memory system, leather upholstered twelve-way power driver seats, ten-way power passenger seat, power sunroof,

6887-580: The public for the first time at the 2004 North American International Auto Show . The Range Rover Sport is a production car development of the Range Stormer concept vehicle the company showcased in the 2004 North American International Auto Show. Though called the Range Rover Sport "L320", it was not merely a new specification within the Range Rover line-up, but rather an adapted Discovery "L319", or T5 Platform Discovery/LR3 with Range Rover exterior styling and Range Rover interior seating and dash forms,

6984-467: The racetrack. Ossa won four Grands Prix races with the monocoque bike before their rider died after a crash during the 250 cc event at the 1970 Isle of Man TT , causing the Ossa factory to withdraw from Grand Prix competition. Notable designers such as Eric Offenstadt and Dan Hanebrink created unique monocoque designs for racing in the early 1970s. The F750 event at the 1973 Isle of Man TT races

7081-413: The skin and can be recognised by the absence of a load-carrying internal frame. Few metal aircraft other than those with milled skins can strictly be regarded as pure monocoques, as they use a metal shell or sheeting reinforced with frames riveted to the skin, but most wooden aircraft are described as monocoques, even though they also incorporate frames. By contrast, a semi-monocoque is a hybrid combining

7178-476: The splitting up of the Rover Group. As a result, the initial engine derivatives were not included in the sale. To celebrate twenty years in North America, Land Rover produced the 20th Anniversary Edition Range Rover, of which only forty were produced. Each vehicle is a supercharged Range Rover in a special pearl white paint with "Diamond" split-spoke 20-inch wheels and a unique, two-tone interior. Badges on

7275-612: The tailgate and door sills denote the vehicle as such and lists its production number out of the 40. Only one of each model was distributed per dealer, and the dealerships were chosen in a lottery. The 40th model was auctioned at a silent auction to benefit charity. This was a UK spec production run. To celebrate thirty years, Land Rover produced the 35th Anniversary Edition Range Rover, of which only thirty were produced. Each vehicle of this edition were finished in Claret coachwork with 2-tone claret/jet interiors. The specifications were based on

7372-509: The third generation shared components and systems (electronics, core power units etc.) with the BMW 7 Series (E38) . The 7 Series electronics system was being phased out during the development of the third-generation Range Rover and being replaced with the electronics from the BMW 5 Series (E39) . There were three "Generations" of the L322. First, from 2001 until 2005, was the 4.4 litre M62 BMW V8 with ZF 5HP-24 transmission. (The manual transmission

7469-410: The unibody system (also referred to as unitary construction, unitary body–chassis or body–frame integral construction), in which the body of the vehicle, its floor pan, and chassis form a single structure, while the skin adds relatively little strength or stiffness. Some armoured fighting vehicles use a monocoque structure with a body shell built up from armour plates, rather than attaching them to

7566-582: The vehicle was intended to share components and systems (electronics, core power units etc.) with the E38 7 Series . However, BMW sold Land Rover to Ford two years before the L322 went into production. In the UK and many other territories, ascending trim levels were initially marketed as "SE", "HSE" and "Vogue". Various other trims such as "Vogue SE", "Westminster", "Autobiography" and special editions were subsequently produced. In his Sunday Times column, Jeremy Clarkson once went on record to state that he owned

7663-528: The wooden hulls did, greatly improving performance. In the United States, Northrop was a major pioneer, introducing techniques used by his own company and Douglas with the Northrop Alpha . In motor racing, the safety of the driver depends on the car body, which must meet stringent regulations, and only a few cars have been built with monocoque structures. An aluminum alloy monocoque chassis

7760-421: Was a body-on-frame design with a box section ladder type chassis , like the contemporary Series Land Rovers . The Range Rover used coil springs as opposed to leaf springs , permanent four-wheel drive , and four-wheel disc brakes . The Range Rover was originally powered by various Rover V8 engines and diesel engines. Originally, the Range Rover was fitted with a detuned 127 hp (95 kW) version of

7857-586: Was a green model with the registration "YVB 151H", and is now on exhibition at Huddersfield Land Rover Centre, Huddersfield, West Yorkshire). The Velar name was derived from the Italian "velare" meaning to veil or to cover. Range Rover development engineer Geof Miller used the name as a decoy for registering pre-production Range Rovers. The Velar company was registered in London and produced 40 pre-production vehicles that were built between 1967 and 1970. Conveniently

7954-615: Was a joint one involving engineers from both Rover Group and BMW and was initially based at BMW's FIZ Engineering Centre in Munich before transferring to Land Rover's Solihull plant for the final stages prior to volume production. Munich was chosen to house the team as Rover Group's Gaydon Engineering facility was already working on the new MINI (R50) project as well as other MG, Rover and Land Rover projects and did not have enough space for another large engineering team to be based there. The sale of Land Rover by BMW to Ford occurred just before

8051-422: Was also updated with more vents (in particular, one placed in the centre of the top dash roll, to improve high-level cold air ventilation, positioned behind the centre speaker) and quieter operation. That, along with the acoustic laminated/heated windscreen lowers noise. An increase in interior storage is mainly attributed to the new split-dual glovebox, although the small upper glovebox is almost entirely occupied by

8148-415: Was codenamed project Beaver. During the project, 12 world records were broken, including the fastest diesel off-roader to reach 100 mph (160 km/h), and the furthest a diesel off-roader has travelled in 24 hours. In 1990 project Otter was unveiled. This was a mildly tuned 2.5-litre, 119 bhp (89 kW) version of the 'Beaver' 2.4. In 1992, Land Rover finally introduced their own diesel engines in

8245-404: Was contracted to supply the modified chassis and the fire-fighting body was supplied and mounted by Gloster-Saro. These were four-door versions using an internally mounted water-pump driven by a gearbox PTO . At least one of these (at Duxford IWM ) has been converted into a full 6x6 by linking a drive-through unit to the two rear axles' differentials. Twenty-five years after the introduction of

8342-466: Was designed to accommodate BMW's M62 V8 engines for future models. The manual transmission was dropped entirely, leaving only the automatic transmission . The BMW 7 Series E38 electronics system were being phased out during the development of the third-generation Range Rover, and being replaced with the electronics from the BMW E39 5 Series. The entertainment system (Radio Function, Navigation System, Television and Telecommunications systems, as well as

8439-525: Was developed by Land Rover Special Vehicles in 2007, in cooperation with Armour Holdings Group. The vehicle was certified for European B6 ballistic protection standard. It includes side-blast and under-floor grenade protection, uprated suspension, handling and braking system, wheels fitted with run-flat tire system, and fuel cut-off override. Optional security features include tinted windows, anti-tamper exhaust, and intercom. Range Rover The Land Rover Range Rover , generally shortened to Range Rover ,

8536-533: Was dropped, leaving only the automatic ). Then, from 2006 until 2009 a 4.4-litre Jaguar-derived engine or a 4.2-litre supercharged variant of the Jaguar engine partnered with the ZF 6HP-26 transmission. and thirdly, in 2010 Land Rover fitted the newly-designed AJ133 5.0 N/A and Supercharged engine with ZF 6HP-26 until the 2012 model year, the end of L322 production. (This summary does not give diesel options). From 2001-2004

8633-522: Was experimenting with a larger model than the Land Rover Series in 1951, when the Rover P4 -based two-wheel-drive "Road Rover" project was developed by Gordon Bashford . This was shelved in 1958 and the idea lay dormant until 1966, when engineers Spen King and Bashford set to work on a new model. The first Range Rover prototype was built in 1967 with plate number SYE 157F. The design of

8730-472: Was first used in the 1962 Lotus 25 Formula 1 race car and McLaren was the first to use carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers to construct the monocoque of the 1981 McLaren MP4/1 . In 1990 the Jaguar XJR-15 became the first production car with a carbon-fiber monocoque. The term monocoque is frequently misapplied to unibody cars. Commercial car bodies are almost never true monocoques but instead use

8827-486: Was further developed in Germany by LFG Roland using the patented Wickelrumpf (wrapped hull) form later licensed by them to Pfalz Flugzeugwerke who used it on several fighter aircraft. Each half of the fuselage shell was formed over a male mold using two layers of plywood strips with fabric wrapping between them. The early plywood used was prone to damage from moisture and delamination. While all-metal aircraft such as

8924-426: Was produced in the 1950s using a monocoque hollow shell of sheet-steel pressings welded together, into which the engine and transmission were installed from underneath. The machine could be tipped onto its side, resting on the bolt-on footboards for mechanical access. A monocoque framed scooter was produced by Yamaha from 1960–1962. Model MF-1 was powered by a 50 cc engine with a three-speed transmission and

9021-459: Was reported that Range Rovers could be opened and started using hand-held equipment readily available from eBay. High levels of theft led The Times to report that "High-end motor insurers are refusing to cover new Range Rovers in London after a series of thefts." Range Rovers, according to AutoTrader , "can be complicated, costly vehicles, and are loaded with very expensive parts." Reliability issues are common complaints. J.D. Power rankings for

9118-586: Was revealed on 26 October 2021 by the Jaguar Land Rover Chief Creative Officer and the car's designer, Gerry McGovern , at the Royal Opera House in London. As well as two PHEV, three diesel and two petrol JLR 3.0 L Ingenium I6 engine options, the car will be the first from JLR to use an engine developed under the combustion and electrified powertrain partnership agreed between JLR and BMW in 2019, as

9215-433: Was unveiled at the 2009 New York Auto Show. The interior of the Range Rover was given a minor facelift, consisting mainly of redesigned and repositioned switchgear (which saw many of the originally BMW era designed items updated or replaced), along with new options never before available for Range Rover like the addition of push button engine start/stop. The 2010 Range Rover also gained new visual display units as also seen in

9312-436: Was very light since a major portion of its structural support was provided by its single-wall steel balloon fuel tanks , which hold their shape while under acceleration by internal pressure. Balloon tanks are not true monocoques but act in the same way as inflatable shells . A balloon tank skin only handles tensile forces while compression is resisted by internal liquid pressure in a way similar to semi-monocoques braced by

9409-509: Was won by Peter Williams on the monocoque-framed John Player Special that he helped to design based on Norton Commando . Honda also experimented with the NR500 , a monocoque Grand Prix racing motorcycle in 1979 . The bike had other innovative features, including an engine with oval shaped cylinders, and eventually succumbed to the problems associated with attempting to develop too many new technologies at once. In 1987 John Britten developed

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