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62-570: The Land Rover Range Rover (LP), generally shortened to Range Rover , is the second-generation Range Rover model from British car maker Land Rover . It was launched on 28 September 1994, 24 years after the introduction of the Range Rover Classic . It included an updated version of the Rover V8 engine , with the option of a 2.5-litre BMW six-cylinder turbo-diesel. The new model offered more equipment and premium trims, positioning

124-414: A limited slip differential . A limited-slip differential is a purely mechanical system that transfers a relatively small amount of power to the non-slipping wheel, while still allowing some wheel spin to occur. In 1971, Buick introduced MaxTrac , which used an early computer system to detect rear wheel spin and modulate engine power to those wheels to provide the most traction. A Buick exclusive item at

186-792: A mid-size crossover using the Range Rover name in March 2017. Named the Range Rover Velar, it has a roofline running away on its bodywork and uses the same platform as the Jaguar F-Pace , which serves as the basis for its design. A song titled "I Found a Place in My Heart" and "Find Your Heaven", co-written by Dom James and Tommy Antonio for Range Rover commercials, is sung by Emma Smith. The Range Rover brand has attracted some controversy, particularly from those concerned with

248-425: A 2014 Range Rover after 22,830 miles (36,741 km) turned up only two things that went wrong with the car. According to an automotive journalist, "Land Rover doesn't care about JD Power ratings because it doesn't need to care" since people "still line up for months to pay full sticker." Traction control The intervention consists of one or more of the following: Typically, traction control systems share

310-619: A 4.4L BMW/JLR V8 engine is also an option. It was launched with a range of mild hybrid diesel and petrol engines, with plug-in hybrids due in early 2022 and an all-electric model in 2024. The success of Jaguar Land Rover since its formation in 2008 is reflected largely in the rising sales of the Range Rover. In 2009, as a severe recession took hold, just over 22,000 were sold. Four years later, it sold more than twice as many units, with more than 45,000 being sold. By 2015, Range Rover sales worldwide exceeded 60,000. This table excludes Range Rover Sport, Evoque, and Velar. The total figure

372-480: A device that was not formally legal until 2002 (although the switch to single engine supplier for 2003 reverted the legalization). In 2008, NASCAR suspended a Whelen Modified Tour driver, crew chief, and car owner for one race and disqualified the team after finding questionable wiring in the ignition system, which could have been used to implement traction control. Traction control is not just used for improving acceleration under slippery conditions. It can also help

434-418: A driver to corner more safely. If too much throttle is applied during cornering, the driven wheels will lose traction and slide sideways. This occurs as understeer in front-wheel-drive vehicles and oversteer in rear-wheel-drive vehicles. Traction control can mitigate and possibly even correct understeer or oversteer from happening by limiting power to the overdriven wheel or wheels. However, it cannot increase

496-443: A manual gearbox and a classic transfer box. Other features included an anti-lock braking system and in some automatic gearbox models two-wheel traction control — although later models saw this feature applied to all four wheels. Range Rover The Land Rover Range Rover , generally shortened to Range Rover , is a 4x4 luxury SUV produced by Land Rover , a marque and sub-brand of Jaguar Land Rover . The Range Rover line

558-538: A result of BMW's subsequent ownership of Rover Group and hence the Land Rover brand. This model was the last to use the Rover V8 and interior leather supplied by Connolly who went out of business in 2002. It was the first model to feature Satellite Navigation as an option. In 2001, the third-generation model was introduced, which saw the model move further upmarket. Planned and developed under BMW ownership

620-465: A shortened wheelbase, smaller luggage capacity and a single rather than split tailgate which was angled back for styling improvements. With entry model pricing close to upper Discovery models, the Sport became the biggest seller of all the Land Rover products. This model was released for sale in late 2004 as a 2004 model. In 2013 a redesigned version was released for sale as a 2014 model year "L494". Unlike

682-431: A true full-time set up driving all wheels with some power all the time) to supply non-slipping wheels with torque. This often occurs in conjunction with the powertrain computer reducing available engine torque by electronically limiting throttle application and/or fuel delivery, retarding ignition spark, completely shutting down engine cylinders, and a number of other methods, depending on the vehicle and how much technology

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744-413: A vehicle or varying road conditions for different wheels. When a car turns, its outer and inner wheels rotate at different speeds; this is conventionally controlled by using a differential . A further enhancement of the differential is to employ an active differential that can vary the amount of power being delivered to outer and inner wheels as needed. For example, if outward slip is sensed while turning,

806-692: Is diesel-powered hybrid electric model unveiled at the 2013 Frankfurt Motor Show . The ordering process began in September 2013, and retail deliveries in Europe were slated to start in early 2014. The Range Rover Plug-in Hybrid is a petrol-powered PHEV model unveiled in 2018. In 2021 Land Rover started selling the Range Rover Sport D350 model which runs on the 3.0-litre D300 Ingenium Diesel engine. The fifth generation Range Rover

868-567: Is from 2009, excluding those sold prior to that year. A Range Rover was used to win the 1979 inaugural and 1981 Paris–Dakar Rally , completing a race distance in each case of approx 10,000 km. Range Rovers also competed in the East African Safari Rally throughout the 1980s. On 26 November 2004, Land Rover released the first photographs of the Range Rover Sport , a new model it planned to show to

930-467: Is included with AdvanceTrac , and Porsche ’s four-wheel automatic brake differential (ABD), can send 100 percent of torque to any one wheel or wheels, via an aggressive brake strategy or "brake locking", allowing vehicles like the Expedition and Cayenne to keep moving, even with two wheels (one front, one rear) completely off the ground. Very effective yet small units are available that allow

992-423: Is used to control the engine and transmission. There are instances when traction control is undesirable, such as trying to get a vehicle unstuck in snow or mud. Allowing one wheel to spin can propel a vehicle forward enough to get it unstuck, whereas both wheels applying a limited amount of power will not produce the same effect. Many vehicles have a traction control shut-off switch for such circumstances. Generally,

1054-528: The Jeep Wagoneer , the original Range Rover was not designed as a luxury vehicle. It was up-market compared to preceding Land Rover models, but the early Range Rovers had fairly basic, utilitarian, interiors with vinyl seats and plastic dashboards that were designed to be washed down with a hose. Convenience features such as power steering , carpeted floors, air conditioning, cloth/leather seats, and wooden interior trim were fitted later. The Range Rover

1116-676: The Metrocab . In 1999, the Range Rover V8 received a new Bosch Motronic engine management system from the BMW 7 Series (E38) . This replaced the Lucas "SAGEM" GEMS system. This engine is also known as the Bosch or Thor engine the later engine also featured revised engine mounts along with a structural alloy sump to stiffen the engine up to help improve refinement and prevent vibration ingress into

1178-724: The Range Rover Sport , based on the Land Rover Discovery platform. Later models received the latest Range Rover platform. In 2011 came the Range Rover Evoque , and in 2017 the Range Rover Velar (re-using the name of the very first, pre-production Range Rovers). From 1970 until 1987, the Range Rover was only available to American consumers through unofficial grey market import channels. Its popularity via these imports prompted official U.S. sales to begin on 16 March 1987. From that time until 1993,

1240-413: The electrohydraulic brake actuator (which does not use the conventional master cylinder and servo) and wheel-speed sensors with ABS . The basic idea behind the need for a traction control system is the loss of road grip can compromise steering control and stability of vehicles. This is the result of the difference in traction of the drive wheels. The difference in slip may occur due to the turning of

1302-489: The "Supercharged" variant (rear lamps became clear/clear). The second exterior update was in 2010, bringing an even more modern feel to the L322 with a new fascia, tail lamps, side grills, and clear side markers. The interiors stayed relatively the same until 2006.5, (NAS 2007). A major change came in 2010: a range of new engines was offered, with 5-litre versions of the petrol V8 in standard and supercharged forms, and revision of

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1364-648: The 1989 introduced 1st generation Discovery (directly based on the standard (short) wheelbase Range Rover), and for the 2nd generation Range Rover, based on the LWB chassis of the Classic. Jaguar-Rover-Australia began assembly of the Range Rover from CKD kits at its Enfield plant, in New South Wales , Australia in 1979. Government increases in the tariff on parts led to the discontinuation of Australian assembly in 1983. The first-generation Range Rover served as

1426-431: The 2.5 L I6 only had 2-pin versions and two-wheel traction control on the rear wheels only. Later versions had the four-wheel traction control and the later 4.6 L V8 petrol model had a 4-pin front differential. The chassis was also made stronger and new welding techniques were used, so unlike its predecessor, the chassis and body sections are not as prone to corrosion. This was the last Range Rover available with

1488-480: The ABS electronic control unit to apply brake friction to wheels spinning with lessened traction. Braking action on slipping wheel(s) will cause power transfer to wheel axle(s) with traction due to the mechanical action within the differential. All-wheel-drive (AWD) vehicles often have an electronically controlled coupling system in the transfer case or transaxle engaged (active part-time AWD), or locked-up tighter (in

1550-565: The Buick-derived Rover V8 engine . In 1984, the engine was fitted with Lucas fuel injection, boosting power to 155 hp (116 kW). The 3.5-litre (3,528 cc) engine was bored out to a displacement of 3.9 litres (3,947 cc) for the 1990 model year, and 4.2-litre (4,215 cc) in 1992 (1993 model year ) for the 108-inch Long Wheelbase Vogue LSE (County LWB [long wheelbase] in North America). One of

1612-617: The EAS ECU in the event of the chassis getting beached. The 4.0 L V8 petrol and the 2.5 L I6 diesel engine were mated to either the R380 manual gearbox or the ZF 4HP22 transmission , as used in the late classic Range Rover, 300 TDi, TD5 or V8 Discoverys. The 4.6 L V8 petrol engine was only mated to the ZF 4HP24 transmission . The R380 gearbox is basically the same as in the previous Range Rover, or Discovery 300tdi. The primary shaft for

1674-546: The L322 used a standard BMW E39 electrics system. From 2005-2009 the L322 saw an updated Jaguar-derived electrical system with fibre optics and Bluetooth. From 2010-2012 the L322 used updated Jaguar-derived electrics, the first "modern feeling" system, replacing the gear lever with a rotary dial. In MY06 the first exterior update was applied with a face-lift of the front fascia, tail lamps (orange/red now became red/red), side vents (from two "gills" to three), clear indicator side-repeaters. Some other slight differences can be found on

1736-566: The Land Rover LRX concept car which it resembles. It is available with either a three-door or five-door hatchback body, front-wheel drive or four-wheel drive, and with a 2-litre turbocharged petrol engine or one of two different power output 2.0-litre turbo-diesel engines. In 2012, at the Geneva Motor Show , Land Rover unveiled a convertible concept, which featured four seats and a drop-down tailgate. Land Rover unveiled

1798-548: The Land Rover are in the lowest category - known as "The Rest" - for quality overall, dependability, sales satisfaction, and customer service, with the cars only earning a "Better than Most" rank in the performance and design overall category. The Land Rover brand has "a legacy of quality problems" and ranks "at the bottom of the J.D. Power reliability ratings for three-year-old vehicles". The JD Power 2014 U.S. Customer Service Index (CSI) study ranked Land Rover last in overall customer satisfaction. However, one Motor Trend review of

1860-407: The Range Rover, beginning with the 111 bhp (83 kW) 200TDi, first released in the Land Rover Discovery and following in 1994, the 300 TDi, again with 111 bhp. The first generation was known as the Range Rover until almost the end of its production when Land Rover introduced the name Range Rover Classic to distinguish it from its successors. The original model served as the basis for

1922-624: The U.S. marketing was all in the name of Range Rover, because it was the only model offered in the American market. In 1993, with the arrival of the Defender 110 and the imminent arrival of the Land Rover Discovery , the company's U.S. sales were under the name "Land Rover North America". The first-generation Range Rover was produced between 1970 and 1996. It was available only in a 2-door body until 1981. (Before then, 4-door models had been produced by specialist firms). Unlike other 4x4s such as

Range Rover (P38A) - Misplaced Pages Continue

1984-445: The active differential may deliver more power to the outer wheel in order to minimize the yaw (essentially the degree to which the front and rear wheels of a car are out of line.) Active differential, in turn, is controlled by an assembly of electromechanical sensors collaborating with a traction control unit. The predecessor of modern electronic traction control systems can be found in high-torque, high-power rear-wheel-drive cars as

2046-628: The base for specialist utility vehicles. These included the Carmichaels International six-wheel Fire Tender . This was a two-door model with an extended chassis and a third "lazy" axle added. Designed for small airfield use, it had a water-pump mounted on the front bumper driven directly by the V8's crankshaft. The MoD purchased them for the RAF, this version was called the TACR2 . Carmichaels

2108-486: The cabin. It can easily be identified by its intake manifold . Behind the scenes there were two V12 prototypes in the works. This project never reached production and was shelved. The P38 would have used the 5.4 litre BMW M73 from the BMW 750i and was intended to further increase the luxury image. Gems " Lucas " (pre 1999) Bosch "Motronic" (post 1999) Early cars (1994–1997) used an aluminium inlet manifold. After 1997

2170-430: The diesel edition received an EGR system, which came with a plastic inlet manifold. A modulator sends back part of the exhaust gas into the manifold, thus mixing hot exhaust gas via a vacuum pump into the cold air from the intercooler . Post 97 cars also utilised a MAF sensor for better economy and cleaner running. The second generation Range Rover incorporated an improved electronic air suspension (called EAS ) which

2232-463: The diesel is different with a small input diameter for the spigot bearing inside the BMW flywheel and the output shaft has been changed to allow for the different BorgWarner box. The BorgWarner 4462 transfer box on the P38 unlike the classic has no direct control of High/Low range gears meaning that the vehicle has to nearly stop before shifting from high to low range and the lever from the classic model

2294-452: The driver to remove the traction control system after an event if desired. In Formula One , an effort to ban traction control led to a change of rules for 2008: every car must have a standard (but custom mappable) ECU, issued by the FIA , which is relatively basic and does not have traction control capabilities. In 2003, Paul Tracy admitted that CART teams used traction control in the nineties,

2356-427: The exterior front and rear profiles. The fourth generation Range Rover, codenamed L405, was exhibited in September 2012 at the 2012 Paris Motor Show . It uses an all-aluminium monocoque unitary body structure, instead of the third generation's steel unibody — making it the first production 4x4 SUV to do so, resulting in a reduction of 420 kg (926 lb) compared to its predecessor. The Range Rover Hybrid

2418-559: The first significant changes came in 1981, with the introduction of a four-door body. Shortly after twin-thermo fan technology was introduced to reduce significant overheating problems 1970s models experienced in Australia. In 1988, LR introduced a 2.4-litre turbodiesel (badged Vogue Turbo D) with 112 bhp (84 kW), manufactured by Italian VM Motori . The same engine was available in the Rover SD1 passenger car. The diesel project

2480-411: The main hardware for traction control and ABS are mostly the same. In many vehicles, traction control is provided as an additional option for ABS. In all vehicles, traction control is automatically started when the sensors detect loss of traction at any of the wheels. When programmed or calibrated for off-road use, traction control systems like Ford ’s four-wheel electronic traction control (ETC) which

2542-404: The number plates YVB151H through to YVB177H. Though being chassis no. 3, YVB 153H is believed to have been the first off the production line as a vehicle in that colour was urgently required for marketing. (The Range Rover with chassis no. 1 was a green model with the registration "YVB 151H", and is now on exhibition at Huddersfield Land Rover Centre, Huddersfield, West Yorkshire). The Velar name

Range Rover (P38A) - Misplaced Pages Continue

2604-402: The original Range Rover, the second-generation (model-designation P38A) was introduced for the 1995 model year, based on the LWB chassis of the model, with an updated version of the Rover V8 engine or a 2.5-litre BMW six-cylinder turbo-diesel with a Bosch injection pump. This was the first diesel injection with electronic controls in a Land Rover, before common rails were introduced. This was

2666-606: The original and current Discovery, it does not have steel chassis rails, but is based on the new D7u alloy Platform, which much more resembles the current flagship Range Rover with closer equipment levels and capabilities in a smaller body style. Hence the L494 Range Rover Sport is around 400 kg lighter than the previous generation and benefits in performance due to its weight reduction. The Range Rover Evoque, which went into production in July 2011, has its roots in

2728-521: The potential negative environmental impact of large, luxury vehicles. In 2005, members of Greenpeace temporarily disrupted Range Rover production at the Land Rover plant in Solihull. In 2004, Spen King criticised owners of off-roaders who drove their vehicles in urban areas, saying that vehicles like the Range Rover he created were "never intended as a status symbol but later incarnations of my design seem to be intended for that purpose." In 2014 it

2790-648: The public for the first time at the 2004 North American International Auto Show . The Range Rover Sport is a production car development of the Range Stormer concept vehicle the company showcased in the 2004 North American International Auto Show. Though called the Range Rover Sport "L320", it was not merely a new specification within the Range Rover line-up, but rather an adapted Discovery "L319", or T5 Platform Discovery/LR3 with Range Rover exterior styling and Range Rover interior seating and dash forms,

2852-530: The team moved to Block 38A at Solihull. The name 'Discovery' was used temporarily as a cover to confuse journalists while the original Discovery vehicle was being developed. During production, Land Rover referred to it as either the 'New Range Rover' or by its model designation of 'LP'. Motoring journalist Jeremy Clarkson has on record called the P38A Range Rover the "London Taxi" in a jocular/derogatory sense owing to its perceived styling similarity to

2914-461: The third generation shared components and systems (electronics, core power units etc.) with the BMW 7 Series (E38) . The 7 Series electronics system was being phased out during the development of the third-generation Range Rover and being replaced with the electronics from the BMW 5 Series (E39) . There were three "Generations" of the L322. First, from 2001 until 2005, was the 4.4 litre M62 BMW V8 with ZF 5HP-24 transmission. (The manual transmission

2976-562: The time, it was an option on all full-size models, including the Riviera , Estate Wagon , Electra 225 , Centurion , and LeSabre . Cadillac introduced the Traction Monitoring System (TMS) in 1979 on the redesigned Eldorado. When the traction control computer (often incorporated into another control unit, such as the ABS module) detects one or more driven wheels spinning significantly faster than another, it invokes

3038-709: The vehicle above the Land Rover Discovery to face the increased competition in the SUV marketplace. It is usually known as the Range Rover P38 or P38A outside of Land Rover , after the office building in which the vehicle development team was based. During the early development stages, the Engineering team was based in the Engineering Block at Solihull, and the vehicle was known by the project designations of 'Pegasus' and 'Discovery,' changing to P38A when

3100-687: The vehicle's endurance. In 1972, the British Trans-Americas Expedition became the first vehicle-based expedition to traverse the Americas from north to south, including traversing the roadless Darién Gap . The specially modified Range Rovers used for this expedition are now on display in the British Motor Industry Heritage Trust collection at Gaydon , Warwickshire. Range Rover sub-brands have been launched. In 2004, Land Rover debuted

3162-421: Was a body-on-frame design with a box section ladder type chassis , like the contemporary Series Land Rovers . The Range Rover used coil springs as opposed to leaf springs , permanent four-wheel drive , and four-wheel disc brakes . The Range Rover was originally powered by various Rover V8 engines and diesel engines. Originally, the Range Rover was fitted with a detuned 127 hp (95 kW) version of

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3224-434: Was an adaption of the system used on the 1993 - 1996 Range Rover Classic. It allows automatic, speed determined height adjustment . The five suspension heights offered by EAS are (from lowest to highest in terms of height) "Access", "Motorway", "Standard", "Off-Road", and "Off-Road Extended". Height was also adjustable manually between the first four settings. The "Off-Road Extended" setting was only accessible automatically by

3286-415: Was codenamed project Beaver. During the project, 12 world records were broken, including the fastest diesel off-roader to reach 100 mph (160 km/h), and the furthest a diesel off-roader has travelled in 24 hours. In 1990 project Otter was unveiled. This was a mildly tuned 2.5-litre, 119 bhp (89 kW) version of the 'Beaver' 2.4. In 1992, Land Rover finally introduced their own diesel engines in

3348-404: Was contracted to supply the modified chassis and the fire-fighting body was supplied and mounted by Gloster-Saro. These were four-door versions using an internally mounted water-pump driven by a gearbox PTO . At least one of these (at Duxford IWM ) has been converted into a full 6x6 by linking a drive-through unit to the two rear axles' differentials. Twenty-five years after the introduction of

3410-529: Was derived from the Italian "velare" meaning to veil or to cover. Range Rover development engineer Geof Miller used the name as a decoy for registering pre-production Range Rovers. The Velar company was registered in London and produced 40 pre-production vehicles that were built between 1967 and 1970. Conveniently the badging could be made up utilising existing letters from the word "Land Rover". The Range Rover

3472-420: Was developed by Gordon Bashford . This was shelved in 1958 and the idea lay dormant until 1966, when engineers Spen King and Bashford set to work on a new model. The first Range Rover prototype was built in 1967 with plate number SYE 157F. The design of the Range Rover was finalised in 1969. Twenty-six Velar-badged engineering development vehicles were built between 1969 and 1970 and were road registered with

3534-533: Was dropped, leaving only the automatic ). Then, from 2006 until 2009 a 4.4-litre Jaguar-derived engine or a 4.2-litre supercharged variant of the Jaguar engine partnered with the ZF 6HP-26 transmission. and thirdly, in 2010 Land Rover fitted the newly-designed AJ133 5.0 N/A and Supercharged engine with ZF 6HP-26 until the 2012 model year, the end of L322 production. (This summary does not give diesel options). From 2001-2004

3596-548: Was launched in 1970 by British Leyland and is now in its fifth generation. Additional models have been launched under the Range Rover name, including the Range Rover Sport , Range Rover Evoque , and Range Rover Velar . The Rover Company (originator of the Land Rover marque) was experimenting with a larger model than the Land Rover Series in 1951, when the Rover P4 -based two-wheel-drive "Road Rover" project

3658-572: Was launched in 1970. In the early 1970s, the Musée du Louvre in Paris exhibited a Range Rover as an "exemplary work of industrial design". In 1971, ex-Cream drummer Ginger Baker used the unproven Range Rover to drive from Algeria to Lagos, Nigeria, to set up a recording studio and jam with Fela Kuti. Predating the Paris-Dakar rally the subsequent documentary is replete with such terrain, documenting

3720-466: Was replaced by an electric control on the dashboard for the manual and an H-pattern gate on the automatic gear lever High/Low is selected by an electronic actuator on the TB. The transfer case's chain and sprockets have been reinforced. The rear differential on the 4.6 L V8 petrol model was a 4-pin version and four-wheel traction control was included with the vehicle, whereas initially the 4.0 L V8 and

3782-459: Was reported that Range Rovers could be opened and started using hand-held equipment readily available from eBay. High levels of theft led The Times to report that "High-end motor insurers are refusing to cover new Range Rovers in London after a series of thefts." Range Rovers, according to AutoTrader , "can be complicated, costly vehicles, and are loaded with very expensive parts." Reliability issues are common complaints. J.D. Power rankings for

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3844-586: Was revealed on 26 October 2021 by the Jaguar Land Rover Chief Creative Officer and the car's designer, Gerry McGovern , at the Royal Opera House in London. As well as two PHEV, three diesel and two petrol JLR 3.0 L Ingenium I6 engine options, the car will be the first from JLR to use an engine developed under the combustion and electrified powertrain partnership agreed between JLR and BMW in 2019, as

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