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83-519: [REDACTED] Look up ld in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. LD may refer to: Arts and entertainment [ edit ] Lighting designer , a person in charge of lighting in theatre Film and television [ edit ] Lorraine "L.D." Delacorte, a character on the TV series Degrassi Larry David , sometimes referred to as L.D. on

166-405: A DMX controlled Light board . This gives the lighting designer the ability to mock up real-time lighting effects as they will look during the show. If the production is large or especially complex, the lighting designer may hire additional lighting professionals to help execute the design. The associate lighting designer (associate LD) will assist the lighting designer in creating and executing

249-460: A "cue-to-cue" or tech rehearsal . The lighting designer will work constantly with the board operator to refine the lighting states as the technical rehearsal continues, but because the focus of a "tech" rehearsal is the production's technical aspects, the LD may require the performers to pause ("hold") frequently. Nevertheless, any errors of focusing or changes to the lighting plan are corrected only when

332-445: A , b )" denotes the modulus operator . For Julian calendar: For Gregorian calendar: For Julian or Gregorian, continue: D , M , and Y are the numbers of the day, month, and year respectively for the afternoon at the beginning of the given Julian day. Let Y be the year BC or AD and i, m, and s respectively its positions in the indiction, Metonic and solar cycles. Divide 6916i + 4200m + 4845s by 7980 and call

415-489: A Julian day for every day in the year of issue. The French mathematician and astronomer Pierre-Simon Laplace first expressed the time of day as a decimal fraction added to calendar dates in his book, Traité de Mécanique Céleste , in 1823. Other astronomers added fractions of the day to the Julian day number to create Julian Dates, which are typically used by astronomers to date astronomical observations, thus eliminating

498-593: A Scottish alternative rock band Luis Dubuc (born 1985), American musician LD (rapper) , British rapper Lemon Demon , American musical project and band Businesses and organizations [ edit ] Air Hong Kong (IATA code LD) Light Dragoons , a British Army cavalry regiment Línea Turística Aereotuy (IATA code LD) Louis Dreyfus Company , a French commodities trading firm Economics and finance [ edit ] Contract law [ edit ] Liability damages Liquidated damages Currencies [ edit ] Liberian dollar ,

581-565: A cueing as was needed (this is particularly common in dance productions). If significant changes need to be made, the LD will come in and make them, however, if only smaller changes are needed, the LD may opt to send the ALD. If a show runs for a particularly long time then the LD may come in periodically to check the focus of each lighting instrument and if they are retaining their color (some gel, especially saturated gel, loses its richness and can fade or 'burn out' over time). The LD may also sit in on

664-437: A data serialisation format Listening device , used in covert investigations Telecommunications [ edit ] Long-distance calling , a telephone call charged at a higher rate Loop Disconnect dialing Other [ edit ] (chemistry) D/L nomenclature , used in naming chemical compounds (linguistics) Language Development , the changes that take place in language, speech & communication in

747-566: A form of government based on rule of the people (democracy) tempered by the rule of law and natural rights (liberalism) Lincoln–Douglas debate , a form of debate Liberal Democrats (UK) , a UK political party Lord , a peer of the realm in the United Kingdom Science, technology, and mathematics [ edit ] Astronomy [ edit ] Lilian day, a variant of the Julian day Lunar distance (astronomy) ,

830-508: A given "Julian date" is "October 5, 1582", this means that date in the Julian calendar (which was October 15, 1582, in the Gregorian calendar – the date it was first established). Without an astronomical or historical context, a "Julian date" given as "36" most likely means the 36th day of a given Gregorian year, namely February 5. Other possible meanings of a "Julian date" of "36" include an astronomical Julian Day Number, or

913-570: A given substance or type of radiation Licensed Dietitian Linkage disequilibrium , in genetics, when alleles occur together more often than they would by chance Lucid dreaming , a dream in which one is conscious of dreaming as it is happening Electronics and computing [ edit ] ld, an instruction on a Z80 CPU ld (Unix) , the linker command on Unix and Unix-like systems Laser diode , semiconductor laser-emitting device LaserDisc , an obsolete optical disc video/data format and predecessor to DVD Levenshtein distance ,

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996-450: A headset, though in smaller theatres this is less common. There may be a time allowed for pre-lighting or "pre-cueing", a practice that is often done with people known as Light Walkers who stand in for performers so the LD can see what the light looks like on bodies. At an arranged time, the performers arrive and the production is worked through in chronological order, with occasional stops to correct sound, lighting, entrances, etc.; known as

1079-428: A larger theater. The LD will read the script carefully and make notes on changes in place and time between scene—and will have meetings (called design or production meetings) with the director, designers, stage manager, and production manager to discuss ideas for the show and establish budget and scheduling details. The LD will also attend several later rehearsals to observe the way the actors are being directed to use

1162-488: A lighting design. To help the LD communicate artistic vision, they may employ renderings, storyboards, photographs, reproductions of artwork, or mockups of effects to help communicate how the lighting should look. Various forms of paperwork are essential for the LD to successfully communicate their design to various production team members. Examples of typical paperwork include cue sheets, light plots, instrument schedules , shop orders, and focus charts. Cue sheets communicate

1245-480: A multi-year table of Julian days, under various names, for either every year or every leap year beginning with the French Connaissance des Temps in 1870 for 2,620 years, increasing in 1899 to 3,000 years. The British Nautical Almanac began in 1879 with 2,000 years. The Berliner Astronomisches Jahrbuch began in 1899 with 2,000 years. The American Ephemeris was the last to add

1328-456: A multi-year table, in 1925 with 2,000 years. However, it was the first to include any mention of Julian days with one for the year of issue beginning in 1855, as well as later scattered sections with many days in the year of issue. It was also the first to use the name "Julian day number" in 1918. The Nautical Almanac began in 1866 to include a Julian day for every day in the year of issue. The Connaissance des Temps began in 1871 to include

1411-529: A neutral intermediary when converting a date in one calendar into a date in another calendar also occurred. An isolated use was by Ebenezer Burgess in his 1860 translation of the Surya Siddhanta wherein he stated that the beginning of the Kali Yuga era occurred at midnight at the meridian of Ujjain at the end of the 588,465th day and the beginning of the 588,466th day (civil reckoning) of

1494-434: A performance to make sure that the cues are still being called at the right place and time. The goal is often to finish by the opening of the show, but what is most important is that the LD and the directors believe that the design is finished to each's satisfaction. If that happens to be by opening night, then after opening no changes are normally made to that particular production run at that venue. The general maintenance of

1577-542: A positive form by adding 10,000,000 to each. He called them "day of the Julian Period", "Julian day", or simply "day" in his discussion, but no name was used in the tables. Continuing this tradition, in his book "Mapping Time: The Calendar and Its History" British physics educator and programmer Edward Graham Richards uses Julian day numbers to convert dates from one calendar into another using algorithms rather than tables. The Julian day number can be calculated using

1660-408: A resident lighting designer responsible for most of the company's productions or rely on a variety of freelance or even volunteer help to light their productions. At the off-Broadway or off-off-Broadway level, the LD will occasionally be responsible for much of the hands-on technical work (such as hanging instruments, programming the light board , etc.) that would be the work of the lighting crew in

1743-452: A show depending on the size of the production. The ALD will usually: Julian day The Julian day is a continuous count of days from the beginning of the Julian period; it is used primarily by astronomers , and in software for easily calculating elapsed days between two events (e.g. food production date and sell by date). The Julian period is a chronological interval of 7980 years, derived from three multi-year cycles:

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1826-500: A single date for an entire night. Later medieval European astronomers used Roman days beginning at midnight so astronomical days beginning at noon also allow observations during an entire night to use a single date. When all astronomers decided to start their astronomical days at midnight to conform to the beginning of the civil day, on January 1, 1925 , it was decided to keep Julian days continuous with previous practice, beginning at noon. During this period, usage of Julian day numbers as

1909-452: A string metric for measuring the difference between two sequences. Line Dubbed, a term for unlicensed copies of films with an audio track, which has been ripped from the line out connection of a projector Linked data , a method of publishing structured data so that it can be interlinked and become more useful The 'Linked Document' in the NISO standard Content Profile/Linked Document ,

1992-455: A team of electricians can independently install the lighting system. Next to each instrument on the plan will be information for any color gel , gobo , or other accessories that need to go with it, and its channel number. Often, paperwork listing all of this information is also generated by using a program such as Lightwright . The lighting designer uses this paperwork to aid in the visualization of not only ideas but also simple lists to assist

2075-486: Is 2 456 293 .520 833 . This article was loaded at 2024-11-28 02:59:49 ( UTC ) – expressed as a Julian date this is 2460642.6248727. The term Julian date may also refer, outside of astronomy, to the day-of-year number (more properly, the ordinal date ) in the Gregorian calendar , especially in computer programming, the military and the food industry, or it may refer to dates in the Julian calendar . For example, if

2158-492: Is a Gregorian calendar date unless otherwise specified. JD stands for Julian Date. 0h is 00:00 midnight, 12h is 12:00 noon, UT unless otherwise specified. Current value is at 02:59, Thursday, November 28, 2024 ( UTC ) and may be cached. [ refresh ] The Julian day number is based on the Julian Period proposed by Joseph Scaliger , a classical scholar, in 1583 (one year after the Gregorian calendar reform) as it

2241-469: Is called the Julian period, and it has been found so useful, that the most competent authorities have not hesitated to declare that, through its employment, light and order were first introduced into chronology. We owe its invention or revival to Joseph Scaliger, who is said to have received it from the Greeks of Constantinople. The first year of the current Julian period, or that of which the number in each of

2324-507: Is chosen as that to which Ptolemy refers the commencement of the era of Nabonassar, the basis of all his calculations. At least one mathematical astronomer adopted Herschel's "days of the Julian period" immediately. Benjamin Peirce of Harvard University used over 2,800 Julian days in his Tables of the Moon , begun in 1849 but not published until 1853, to calculate the lunar ephemerides in

2407-427: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Lighting designer The role of the lighting designer varies greatly within professional and amateur theater. For a Broadway show, a touring production and most regional and small productions the LD is usually an outside freelance specialist hired early in the production process. Smaller theater companies may have

2490-455: Is found by converting the number of hours, minutes, and seconds after noon into the equivalent decimal fraction. Time intervals calculated from differences of Julian Dates specified in non-uniform time scales, such as UTC, may need to be corrected for changes in time scales (e.g. leap seconds ). Because the starting point or reference epoch is so long ago, numbers in the Julian day can be quite large and cumbersome. A more recent starting point

2573-471: Is responsible, in conjunction with the production's independently hired production electrician , who will interface with the theater's master electrician, for directing the theater's electrics crew in the realization of their designs during the technical rehearsals. After the Electricians have hung, circuited, and patched the lighting units, the LD will direct the focusing (pointing, shaping and sizing of

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2656-413: Is sometimes used, for instance by dropping the leading digits, in order to fit into limited computer memory with an adequate amount of precision. In the following table, times are given in 24-hour notation. In the table below, Epoch refers to the point in time used to set the origin (usually zero, but (1) where explicitly indicated) of the alternative convention being discussed in that row. The date given

2739-452: Is the product of three calendar cycles used with the Julian calendar: Its epoch occurs when all three cycles (if they are continued backward far enough) were in their first year together. Years of the Julian Period are counted from this year, 4713 BC , as year 1 , which was chosen to be before any historical record. Scaliger corrected chronology by assigning each year a tricyclic "character", three numbers indicating that year's position in

2822-462: The Indiction , Solar , and Lunar cycles. The last year that was simultaneously the beginning of all three cycles was 4713 BC (−4712) , so that is year 1 of the current Julian period, making AD 2024 year 6737 of that Period. The next Julian Period begins in the year AD 3268. Historians used the period to identify Julian calendar years within which an event occurred when no such year

2905-553: The International Astronomical Union has recommended that Julian dates be specified in Terrestrial Time . Seidelmann indicates that Julian dates may be used with International Atomic Time (TAI), Terrestrial Time (TT), Barycentric Coordinate Time (TCB), or Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and that the scale should be indicated when the difference is significant. The fraction of the day

2988-760: The astronomical day began at noon. The astronomical day had begun at noon ever since Ptolemy chose to begin the days for his astronomical observations at noon. He chose noon because the transit of the Sun across the observer's meridian occurs at the same apparent time every day of the year, unlike sunrise or sunset, which vary by several hours. Midnight was not even considered because it could not be accurately determined using water clocks . Nevertheless, he double-dated most nighttime observations with both Egyptian days beginning at sunrise and Babylonian days beginning at sunset. Medieval Muslim astronomers used days beginning at sunset, so astronomical days beginning at noon did produce

3071-450: The master electrician during load-in, focus, and technical rehearsals. Professional LDs generally use special computer-aided design packages to create accurate and easily readable drafted plots that can be swiftly updated as necessary. The LD will discuss the plot with the show's production manager and the theatre's master electrician or technical director to make sure there are no unforeseen problems during load-in. The lighting designer

3154-641: The modulo operation in 1801, restating de Billy's formula as: where a is the year of the indiction cycle, b of the lunar cycle, and c of the solar cycle. John Collins described the details of how these three numbers were calculated in 1666, using many trials. A summary of Collin's description is in a footnote. Reese, Everett and Craun reduced the dividends in the Try column from 285, 420, 532 to 5, 2, 7 and changed remainder to modulo, but apparently still required many trials. The specific cycles used by Scaliger to form his tricyclic Julian Period were, first,

3237-413: The 28-year solar cycle, the 19-year lunar cycle, and the 15-year indiction cycle. One or more of these numbers often appeared in the historical record alongside other pertinent facts without any mention of the Julian calendar year. The character of every year in the historical record was unique – it could only belong to one year in the 7980-year Julian Period. Scaliger determined that 1 BC or year 0

3320-723: The Byzantine lunar cycle his "lunar cycle" in argumentum 6, in contrast with the Alexandrian lunar cycle which he called his "nineteen-year cycle" in argumentum 5. Although many references say that the Julian in "Julian Period" refers to Scaliger's father, Julius Scaliger , at the beginning of Book V of his Opus de Emendatione Temporum ("Work on the Emendation of Time") he states, " Iulianam vocauimus: quia ad annum Iulianum accomodata ", which Reese, Everett and Craun translate as "We have termed it Julian because it fits

3403-478: The JDN of an instant before midday UT. The algorithm is valid for all (possibly proleptic ) Gregorian calendar dates after November 23, −4713. Divisions are integer divisions towards zero ; fractional parts are ignored. The algorithm is valid for all (possibly proleptic ) Julian calendar years ≥ −4712, that is, for all JDN ≥ 0. Divisions are integer divisions, fractional parts are ignored. For

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3486-497: The Julian Period, or between February 17 and 18 JP 1612 or 3102 BC. Robert Schram was notable beginning with his 1882 Hilfstafeln für Chronologie . Here he used about 5,370 "days of the Julian Period". He greatly expanded his usage of Julian days in his 1908 Kalendariographische und Chronologische Tafeln containing over 530,000 Julian days, one for the zeroth day of every month over thousands of years in many calendars. He included over 25,000 negative Julian days, given in

3569-523: The Julian day number for the day starting at 12:00  UT (noon) on January 1, 2000, was 2 451 545 . The Julian date ( JD ) of any instant is the Julian day number plus the fraction of a day since the preceding noon in Universal Time. Julian dates are expressed as a Julian day number with a decimal fraction added. For example, the Julian Date for 00:30:00.0 UT January 1, 2013,

3652-498: The Julian year". Thus Julian refers to the Julian calendar . Julian days were first used by Ludwig Ideler for the first days of the Nabonassar and Christian eras in his 1825 Handbuch der mathematischen und technischen Chronologie . John F. W. Herschel then developed them for astronomical use in his 1849 Outlines of Astronomy , after acknowledging that Ideler was his guide. The period thus arising of 7980 Julian years,

3735-440: The board. As previously mentioned, it is difficult to fully communicate the intent of a lighting design before all the lights are installed and all the cues are written. With the advancement in computer processing and visualization software, lighting designers are now able to create computer-generated images (CGI) that represent their ideas. The lighting designer enters the light plot into the visualization software and then enters

3818-577: The complications resulting from using standard calendar periods like eras, years, or months. They were first introduced into variable star work in 1860 by the English astronomer Norman Pogson , which he stated was at the suggestion of John Herschel. They were popularized for variable stars by Edward Charles Pickering , of the Harvard College Observatory , in 1890. Julian days begin at noon because when Herschel recommended them,

3901-507: The context of children's development (manufacturing) Linz-Donawitz process, a widely-used process in Basic oxygen steelmaking (mathematics) Binary logarithm , l d ( x ) = log 2 ⁡ ( x ) {\displaystyle \mathrm {ld} (x)=\log _{2}(x)} , from the Latin logarithmus dualis (military) Laser designator , used by

3984-650: The currency of Liberia Libyan dinar , the currency of Libya Liberty dollar (private currency) , produced in the US Products [ edit ] LD (cigarette) , a brand of cigarette Places [ edit ] LD postcode area , also known as the Llandrindod Wells postcode area, in Wales Lakshadweep , India (ISO 3166-2 code LD) County Longford , Ireland (code LD) Politics [ edit ] Liberal democracy ,

4067-543: The cycle containing 1 BC or year 0 in order for its year 457 to be indiction 3. The sum 4256 + 457 was thus JP 4713. A formula for determining the year of the Julian Period given its character involving three four-digit numbers was published by Jacques de Billy in 1665 in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (its first year). John F. W. Herschel gave

4150-488: The day of week: for a point in time in a given Julian day after midnight UT and before 12:00 UT, add 1 or use the JDN of the next afternoon. The US day of the week W1 (for an afternoon or evening UT) can be determined from the Julian Day Number J with the expression: If the moment in time is after midnight UT (and before 12:00 UT), then one is already in the next day of the week. The ISO day of

4233-403: The director and other members of the design team. In addition to computer visualization, either full-scale or small-scale mockups are a good method for depicting a lighting designer's ideas. Fiber optic systems such as LightBox or Luxam allow a users to light a scale model of the set. For example, a set designer can create a model of the set in 1/4" scale, and the lighting designer can then take

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4316-510: The distance between the Earth and the Moon, used a general measure of distance Biology and medicine [ edit ] Lactate dehydrogenase , an enzyme in plants and animals Lateral dorsal nucleus of thalamus , an anatomic structure of the brain Learning disability , a condition that can impair learning through standard methods Lethal dose , an indication of the lethal toxicity of

4399-496: The equations of de Billy or Gauss can be used to determined the first year of any 15-, 19-, and 28-year tricyclic period given any first years of their cycles. For those of the Julian Period, the result is AD 3268, because both remainder and modulo usually return the lowest positive result. Thus 7980 years must be subtracted from it to yield the first year of the present Julian Period, −4712 or 4713 BC, when all three of its sub-cycles are in their first years. Scaliger got

4482-493: The fiber optic cables and attach them to scaled-down lighting units that can accurately replicate the beam angles of specified lighting fixtures. These 'mini lights' can then be attached to cross pieces simulating different lighting positions. Fiber optic fixtures have the capacity to simulate attributes of full scale theatrical lighting fixtures including; color, beam angle, intensity, and gobos. The most sophisticated fiber optic systems are controllable through computer software or

4565-422: The following formulas ( integer division rounding towards zero is used exclusively, that is, positive values are rounded down and negative values are rounded up): The months January to December are numbered 1 to 12. For the year, astronomical year numbering is used, thus 1 BC is 0, 2 BC is −1, and 4713 BC is −4712. JDN is the Julian Day Number. Use the previous day of the month if trying to find

4648-419: The full Julian Date of a moment after 12:00 UT one can use the following. Divisions are real numbers . So, for example, January 1, 2000, at 18:00:00 UT corresponds to JD  = 2451545.25 and January 1, 2000, at 6:00:00 UT corresponds to JD  = 2451544.75. Because a Julian day starts at noon while a civil day starts at midnight, the Julian day number needs to be adjusted to find

4731-516: The ground plan of the theater and set design, giving as much three-dimensional data as possible (which helps in creating complete renderings). This creates a 3D model in computer space that can be lit and manipulated. Using the software, the LD can use the lights from his plot to create actual lighting in the 3D model with the ability to define parameters such as color, focus, gobo, beam angle etc. The designer can then take renderings or "snapshots" of various looks that can then be printed out and shown to

4814-551: The idea of using a tricyclic period from "the Greeks of Constantinople" as Herschel stated in his quotation below in Julian day numbers . Specifically, the monk and priest Georgios wrote in 638/39 that the Byzantine year 6149 AM (640/41) had indiction 14, lunar cycle 12, and solar cycle 17, which places the first year of the Byzantine Era in 5509/08 BC, the Byzantine Creation. Dionysius Exiguus called

4897-543: The indiction cycle with a first year of 313. Then he chose the dominant 19-year Alexandrian lunar cycle with a first year of 285, the Era of Martyrs and the Diocletian Era epoch, or a first year of 532 according to Dionysius Exiguus . Finally, Scaliger chose the post-Bedan solar cycle with a first year of 776, when its first quadrennium of concurrents , 1 2 3 4 , began in sequence. Although not their intended use,

4980-436: The issue will be resolved. Once the show is open to the public, the lighting designer will often stay and watch several performances of the show, making notes each night and making desired changes the next day during notes call. If the show is still in previews, then the LD will make changes, but once the production officially opens, normally, the lighting designer will not make further changes. Changes should not be made after

5063-405: The light beams) and gelling (coloring) of each unit. After focus has occurred the LD usually sits at a temporary desk (tech table) in the theater (typically on the center line in the middle of the house) where they have a good view of the stage and work with the light board operator , who will either be seated alongside them at a portable control console or talk via headset to the control room. At

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5146-414: The lighting design is finished, and never without the LD's approval. There may be times when changes are necessary after the production has officially opened. Reasons for changes after opening night include: casting changes; significant changes in blocking; addition, deletion or rearrangement of scenes; or the tech and/or preview period (if there was a preview period) was too short to accommodate as thorough

5229-561: The lighting design. While the duties that an LD may expect the associate LD to perform may differ from person to person, usually the Ass't LD will do the following: The assistant lighting designer (assistant LD) assists the lighting designer and associate lighting designer. Depending on the particular arrangement the ALD may report directly to the LD, or they may in essence be the Associate's assistant. There also may be more than one assistant on

5312-486: The lighting rig then becomes the responsibility of the master electrician. It is uncommon for a small theatre to have a very large technical crew, as there is less work to do. Many times, the lighting crew of a small theater will consist of a single lighting designer and one to three people, who collectively are in charge of hanging, focusing, and patching all lighting instruments. The lighting designer, in this situation, commonly works directly with this small team, fulfilling

5395-633: The military for targeting (physics) London dispersion force , weak intermolecular forces Other uses [ edit ] (communications) Lincoln–Douglas debate format (sociology) Long-distance relationship (sports) Line drive , in baseball (sports) Ludum Dare , a game development competition See also [ edit ] eLDee , Nigerian rapper and record producer 1D (disambiguation) , similar in glyphic structure to "lD"/"ld"(1d) ID (disambiguation) , similar in glyphic structure to "lD"/"ld"(Id) Ladder diagram (disambiguation) , various meanings Topics referred to by

5478-709: The new American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac from 1855 to 1888. The days are specified for "Washington mean noon", with Greenwich defined as 18 51 48 west of Washington (282°57′W, or Washington 77°3′W of Greenwich). A table with 197 Julian days ("Date in Mean Solar Days", one per century mostly) was included for the years –4713 to 2000 with no year 0, thus "–" means BC, including decimal fractions for hours, minutes, and seconds. The same table appears in Tables of Mercury by Joseph Winlock, without any other Julian days. The national ephemerides started to include

5561-559: The number of seconds in a day, 86,400. But if the UTC timescale is being used, a day containing a positive leap second contains 86,401 seconds (or in the unlikely event of a negative leap second, 86,399 seconds). One authoritative source, the Standards of Fundamental Astronomy (SOFA), deals with this issue by treating days containing a leap second as having a different length (86,401 or 86,399 seconds, as required). SOFA refers to

5644-403: The performers are not onstage. These changes take place during 'work' or 'note' calls. The LD only attends these notes calls if units are hung or rehung and require additional focusing. The LD or assistant lighting director (also known as the ALD, see below for description) will be in charge if in attendance. If the only work to be done is maintenance (i.e. changing a lamp or burnt out gel) then

5727-421: The placement of cues that the LD has created for the show, using artistic terminology rather than technical language, and information on exactly when each cue is called so that the stage manager and the assistants know when and where to call the cue. Cue sheets are of the most value to stage management. The light plot is a scale drawing that communicates the location of lighting fixtures and lighting positions so

5810-422: The production or master electrician will be in charge and will direct the electrics crew. After the tech process, the performance may (or may not, depending on time constraints) go into dress rehearsal without a ticketed audience or previews with a ticketed audience. During this time, if the cueing is finished, the LD will sit in the audience and take notes on what works and what needs changing. At this point,

5893-453: The remainder r. Example i = 8, m = 2, s = 8. What is the year? As stated above, the Julian date (JD) of any instant is the Julian day number for the preceding noon in Universal Time plus the fraction of the day since that instant. Ordinarily calculating the fractional portion of the JD is straightforward; the number of seconds that have elapsed in the day divided by

5976-510: The role of both master electrician and lighting designer. Many times the designer will directly participate in the focusing of lights. The same crew will generally also program cues and operate the light board during rehearsals and performances. In some cases, the light board and sound board are operated by the same person, depending on the complexity of the show. The lighting designer may also take on other roles in addition to lights when they are finished hanging lights and programming cues on

6059-670: The same formula using slightly different wording in his 1849 Outlines of Astronomy . Multiply the Solar Cycle by 4845, and the Lunar , by 4200, and that of the Indiction , by 6916. Then divide the Sum of the products by 7980, which is the Julian Period : The Remainder of the Division, without regard to the Quotient , shall be the year enquired after. Carl Friedrich Gauss introduced

6142-401: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title LD . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LD&oldid=1239849986 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

6225-413: The stage area ('blocking') during different scenes and will receive updates from the stage manager on any changes that occur. The LD will also ensure that they have an accurate plan of the theatre's lighting positions and a list of their equipment, as well as an accurate copy of the set design, especially the ground plan and section. The LD must consider the show's mood and the director's vision in creating

6308-425: The stage manager will begin to take over the work of calling cues for the light board op to follow. Generally, the LD will stay on the headset, and may still have a monitor connected to the light board in case of problems, or will be in the control booth with the board operator when a monitor is not available. Changes will often occur during notes call, but if serious problems occur, the performance may be halted and

6391-411: The tech table, the LD will generally use a Magic Sheet, which is a pictorial layout of how the lights relate to the stage, so they can have quick access to channel numbers that control particular lighting instruments. The LD may also have a copy of the light plot and channel hookup , a remote lighting console, a computer monitor connected to the light board (so they can see what the board op is doing), and

6474-554: The television show Curb Your Enthusiasm Latin Disciples, a fictional gang in television series Day Break Living Dangerously , an Extreme Champion Wrestling pay-per-view event (ECW PPV) Low-definition television (LDTV) "-LD", a United States call sign suffix signifying a low-power digital television station LaserDisc or MCA Discovision is a 12 inch Analog Video optical disc Music [ edit ] Lil Dicky (born 1988), American rapper Little Doses ,

6557-440: The three subordinate cycles is 1, was the year 4713 BC , and the noon of January 1 of that year, for the meridian of Alexandria, is the chronological epoch, to which all historical eras are most readily and intelligibly referred, by computing the number of integer days intervening between that epoch and the noon (for Alexandria) of the day, which is reckoned to be the first of the particular era in question. The meridian of Alexandria

6640-442: The week W0 can be determined from the Julian Day Number J with the expression: This is an algorithm by Edward Graham Richards to convert a Julian Day Number, J , to a date in the Gregorian calendar (proleptic, when applicable). Richards states the algorithm is valid for Julian day numbers greater than or equal to 0. All variables are integer values, and the notation " a  div  b " indicates integer division , and "mod(

6723-548: The year AD 36 in the Julian calendar, or a duration of 36 astronomical Julian years ). This is why the terms "ordinal date" or "day-of-year" are preferred. In contexts where a "Julian date" means simply an ordinal date, calendars of a Gregorian year with formatting for ordinal dates are often called "Julian calendars" , but this could also mean that the calendars are of years in the Julian calendar system. Historically, Julian dates were recorded relative to Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) (later, Ephemeris Time ), but since 1997

6806-551: Was Julian Period (JP) 4713 . He knew that 1 BC or year 0 had the character 9 of the solar cycle, 1 of the lunar cycle, and 3 of the indiction cycle. By inspecting a 532-year Paschal cycle with 19 solar cycles (each of 28 years, each year numbered 1–28) and 28 lunar cycles (each of 19 years, each year numbered 1–19), he determined that the first two numbers, 9 and 1, occurred at its year 457. He then calculated via remainder division that he needed to add eight 532-year Paschal cycles totaling 4256 years before

6889-445: Was given in the historical record, or when the year given by previous historians was incorrect. The Julian day number ( JDN ) shares the epoch of the Julian period, but counts days instead of years. Specifically, Julian day number 0 is assigned to the day starting at noon Universal Time on Monday, January 1, 4713 BC, proleptic Julian calendar (November 24, 4714 BC, in the proleptic Gregorian calendar ), . For example,

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