84-526: LWF may refer to Lutheran World Federation , an organization of Lutheran denominations Lightweight Fighter program , a project of the United States Air Force Love Worth Finding , a radio and television ministry Lightweight fighter , a class of planes Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
168-699: A tympanon depicting the Lamb of God . The northern portal is slightly later and more richly decorated. Its tympanon depicts Samson wrestling with the lion. Two bronze doors built by Carl Johan Dyfverman [ sv ] serve as the main entrance in the centre of the west facade. They have 24 reliefs with subjects from the Bible, particularly the Old Testament. Above the doorway, the tympanon depicts Christ , Canute IV of Denmark and Saint Lawrence. The cathedral has two sacristies . The building material of
252-737: A blessing rite, or special prayers. These include the Church of Denmark , Church of Iceland , Church of Norway , Church of Sweden , Protestant Church A.B. in Austria , Evangelical Lutheran Church in America , Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada , Evangelical Lutheran Church of Chile, Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland , Evangelical Lutheran Church in Geneva , Evangelical Lutheran Church in Italy ,
336-523: A classroom, first by Lund Cathedral School and later by the university. The university also used the choir to store its library for some time. The cathedral is still the place for the ceremony of the conferment of new doctor's degrees at the university. The cathedral has five choirs for adults and two choirs for children. The cathedral is also frequently used for concerts. There are currently six church organs in Lund Cathedral, including
420-423: A complete renovation of the cathedral. The chairman of the council in charge of administering the cathedral buildings, Carl Georg Brunius , was called to execute the plans of Nyström, and he did so while at the same time making changes according to his own convictions. He also wrote the first systematic art history of the cathedral. Brunius had the organ moved, the crypt repaired, installed a set of steps connecting
504-543: A decorated pulpit . Of more recent date is the large mosaic in the apse , by Joakim Skovgaard , installed in 1927. Lund Cathedral has six church organs , one of which is the largest in Sweden, and is also used as a concert venue. Christian missionaries from present-day Germany and England were active in the Christianisation of Denmark , and vied for influence over the kingdom. Denmark eventually became part of
588-523: A depiction of the titular bishop, is located in the apse of the crypt. It dates from the middle of the 12th century. The crypt also contains the much larger grave monument of the last archbishop, Birger Gunnersen [ sv ] , which is centrally placed in the crypt. It is of a kind which is not unusual in continental Europe but very unusual in the Nordic countries: a large stone sarcophagus decorated on all sides with sculptures in high relief and with
672-792: A full-scale depiction of the bishop in full dress on the lid. It was made by Adam van Düren in 1512. The cathedral's largest grave monument is that of bishop Hans Brostorp , who died in 1497 and who during his lifetime inaugurated the University of Copenhagen . The monument is made of limestone from Gotland and decorated in low relief. The nave and the aisles contain several memorial plaques and epitaphs . Several commemorate bishops, such as Johan Engeström [ sv ] (1699–1777) and Nils Hesslén (1728–1811). Many others were made for professors at Lund University, e.g. Eberhard Rosenblad [ sv ] (1714–1796) and Erasmus Sack [ sv ] (1633–1697). The oldest epitaph of
756-565: A large number of people and was a collective undertaking. Comparable but somewhat later workshops at Cologne Cathedral and Uppsala Cathedral employed a workforce of about 100 and 60 people, respectively. The project was instrumental in establishing a workshop where local craftsmen could be educated, and thus disseminating artistic influences from continental Europe to Scandinavia. The stone sculptors Carl stenmästare [ sv ] , Mårten stenmästare [ sv ] and Majestatis were probably all Scandinavians who were educated at
840-1047: A majority of the churches within the Protestant Church in Germany , Evangelical Church of the River Plate , Protestant Church in the Netherlands , and the United Protestant Church of France . On the other side, several churches, including the Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus , Evangelical Lutheran Church in Tanzania , the Malagasy Lutheran Church , the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Latvia and
924-466: A new church was begun in almost the same place, but to a larger design in the form of the present cathedral. Parts of the earlier church may have been incorporated in the walls of the cathedral. The decision to abandon Dalby as a bishopric and make Lund the sole archbishopric in Scandinavia may have prompted the change of plans. Apart from the obscurity which thus surrounds the very beginning of
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#17327662579821008-416: A rope. These sculptures have probably been the subject of more attempts at an explanation than any other medieval artworks in Sweden, according to art historian Mereth Lindgren. Most scholars today believe the larger sculpture depicts Samson , but what the smaller figure is supposed to represent is not known. The sculptures date from the construction of the crypt but have been treated poorly, especially during
1092-461: A statuette of a female saint and crowned by a hexagonal spire. The tabernacle was repaired by Brunius in the 19th century. The saint may be Ida of Toggenburg . The astronomical clock of Lund Cathedral, presently located at the west end of the north aisle, dates from the late Middle Ages and was installed in Lund Cathedral c. 1425. In 1837, it was dismantled. It was restored at the initiative of architect Theodor Wåhlin [ sv ] and
1176-550: Is High Gothic and they are stylistically linked with contemporary art from the Rhine Valley. They are among the largest wooden Gothic sculptures to survive in the Nordic countries, and have been described as being of internationally high quality. The choir stalls in Lund Cathedral also lent stylistic inspiration to the choir stalls in Roskilde Cathedral and St. Bendt's Church, Ringsted . Slightly older than
1260-788: Is a cathedral of the Lutheran Church of Sweden in Lund , Scania , Sweden. It is the seat of the Bishop of Lund and the main church of the Diocese of Lund . It was built as the Catholic cathedral of the archiepiscopal see of all the Nordic countries , dedicated to Saint Lawrence . It is one of the oldest stone buildings still in use in Sweden. Lund Cathedral has been called "the most powerful representative of Romanesque architecture in
1344-471: Is a gallery of shallow barrel vaults carried by 21 smaller columns, which open towards the exterior. The apse is the most well-preserved part of the Romanesque building and has been described as "the artistic high point of the exterior". The southern portal of the nave is perhaps the oldest of the cathedral. Five decorated archivolts supported by small columns with variously decorated capitals , frame
1428-652: Is a global communion of national and regional Lutheran denominations headquartered in the Ecumenical Centre in Geneva , Switzerland. The federation was founded in the Swedish city of Lund in the aftermath of the Second World War in 1947 to coordinate the activities of the many differing Lutheran churches. Since 1984, the member churches are in pulpit and altar fellowship , with common doctrine as
1512-549: Is a series of discussions that began during July 1964 as an outgrowth of the Second Vatican Council . The statement is an attempt to narrow the theological divide between the two faiths. The declaration also states that the mutual condemnations between 16th-century Catholic church and Lutheranism no longer apply. A similar event took place in Lund Cathedral on 31 October 2016, the 499th anniversary of
1596-459: Is perhaps the most conspicuous member of the cathedral flora. When the lichen flora was surveyed in 1993, 15 species were discovered. One of these, Lecanora perpruinosa , had not been observed in the province of Scania before. The founding of Lund University in 1666 was acknowledged in a ceremony in the cathedral in 1668. Following the Reformation, the choir was used for a long time as
1680-675: The Archdiocese of Hamburg-Bremen . Lund was at the time part of Denmark. With the consolidation of Danish monarchy during the second half of the 11th century, and with a political crisis in continental Europe, there arose an opportunity for the Danish monarchs to bypass the German influence over church policy in Denmark. An episcopal see was created in Lund in 1060. At the same time, another see
1764-531: The Coronation of the Virgin , surrounded by two rows of 40 saints, 26 of which are original. Twelve figures have been taken from other medieval altarpieces, while two of the added figures are from the 17th century. The altarpiece is 7.6 metres (25 ft) wide but is missing an original pair of wings. The choir contains two rows of medieval choir stalls containing in total 78 seats. The wooden stalls date from
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#17327662579821848-622: The Evangelical Lutheran Church of Lithuania , which recognize marriage as solely the union between a man and a woman, have broken ties with many of the churches supporting same-sex unions. The Evangelical Church of the Lutheran Confession in Brazil supports civil same-sex marriage , but does not allow its ministers to celebrate same-sex unions, neither does it ordain ministers who are living in same-sex unions. Lund Cathedral Lund Cathedral ( Swedish : Lunds domkyrka )
1932-543: The Middle Ages , the cathedral was surrounded by several buildings serving the diocese, of which only Liberiet , which at one point served as a library, survives. The earliest written mention of a church in Lund dedicated to Saint Lawrence – the patron saint of Lund Cathedral during the Middle Ages – dates from 1085. Slightly later sources mention both a new and an old church dedicated to Saint Lawrence. During
2016-525: The Reformation , the cathedral suffered from lost income and dilapidation. In 1658, the city of Lund and the cathedral became a part of Sweden following the Treaty of Roskilde . Lund Cathedral was the site of the ceremony acknowledging the founding of Lund University in 1668. Repairs were made during the 18th century but in 1832 a complete restoration of the cathedral was recommended. Subsequently, much of
2100-529: The Rhine Valley . Donatus himself appears to have been from, or at least educated in, Lombardy. Speyer Cathedral in western Germany is stylistically closely related to Lund Cathedral (especially the crypt), and it has been proposed that Donatus came to Lund from Speyer, where construction more or less ceased in 1106 following the death of Emperor Henry IV . Similarities have also frequently been pointed out between Lund Cathedral and Mainz Cathedral , and
2184-423: The 13th and 14th centuries, to stabilise the building which was under strain from the new, heavier vaults, the added chapels and the constant ringing of the 8.5 tonne church bell . The German sculptor and builder Adam van Düren apparently worked intermittently at restoring and altering the cathedral between c. 1506 or 1507 and 1524. Despite, and to some extent because of, the work that had been done during
2268-470: The 18th century, and lost much of their original detailing. The fluted columns also found in the crypt are similar in style to English Norman architecture and may indicate that the very first artistic influences came from the area bordering the English Channel . Apart from these columns however, the rich stone ornamentation is clearly Lombardic in style, meaning related to north Italian art of
2352-401: The 1940s, archaeological excavations in the cathedral uncovered the foundations of another church inside the present building. The exact age, shape and function of this predecessor to the cathedral has been a matter of some debate. Most scholars believe that construction of a church on the site of Lund Cathedral was begun sometime during the second half of the 11th century. Some time thereafter
2436-443: The Danish clockmaker Julius Bertram Larsen and re-inaugurated in 1923. The upper part, which is original, is the clock, while the lower part, a reconstruction, is a calendar . Twice every day the two knights on the top clash their swords. The clock then plays the tune In dulci jubilo and a procession of figures representing the three Kings with their servants parade across the face of the clock. Similar clocks from approximately
2520-444: The Nordic countries". It lies at some distance from any other buildings and dominates its surroundings. It consists of the two towers built by Zettervall, which flank the main entrance to the west. Behind them a nave with two aisles open up to a transept that is somewhat higher than the nave. A short flight of stairs thus connect the nave with the choir as well as with the crypt under the choir. The choir ends in an apse. Inside,
2604-424: The Nordic countries." At the time of its construction, Lund and the cathedral belonged to Denmark. The main altar was consecrated in 1145 and the cathedral was by that time largely finished; the western towers were built somewhat later. Its architecture show clear influences from contemporary north Italian architecture, conveyed via the Rhine Valley . The earliest architect was named Donatus, though his precise role in
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2688-443: The basis of membership and mission activity. The LWF now has 149 member church bodies in 99 countries representing over 77 million Lutherans; as of 2022, it is the sixth-largest Christian communion (see list of denominations by membership ). The LWF acts on behalf of its member churches in areas of common interest such as ecumenical and interfaith relations , theology , humanitarian assistance , human rights , communication, and
2772-434: The bays of the cathedral are supported by groin vaults . The number of bays in the aisles are the double of that in the nave. The arches that separate the nave from the aisles are supported by piers and pillars of alternating width . The crypt has over forty shallow groin vaults supported by pillars with cushion capitals. It is sparsely lit by low small windows and remains largely unchanged since 1123. Seen from outside,
2856-677: The beginning of the Protestant Reformation , with the signing of the Statement on the 500th anniversary of the Protestant Reformation with Pope Francis and Bishop Munib Younan in a special Catholic-Lutheran dialogue . 119 of the 145 member churches (80%) ordain women as ministers. The LWF was founded at Lund , Sweden, in 1947. Based in Geneva , Switzerland, it replaced the more informal Lutheran World Convention , which had been founded in 1924. The goal
2940-494: The building consecrated in 1145 was similar to the one seen today. A noticeable difference was that the entire choir was separated from the nave by a wall and reserved for the clergy. The towers were also not built until a few decades later. The intention was probably to provide the cathedral with vaults , but instead a flat wooden ceiling was installed. The cathedral was adorned with wall paintings and almost certainly by stained glass windows , but none of these remain. In 1234,
3024-472: The capitals of the columns in the church are all of high artisanal quality, and can be broadly divided into two groups displaying either Classical or Byzantine influences. Apart from its rich Romanesque decoration, Lund Cathedral also contains several late medieval sculptures made by Adam van Düren, as mentioned above. Several of these are of animals and contain inscriptions in Low German . A relief in
3108-434: The cathedral commemorates the owner of Krageholm Castle Lave Brahe [ sv ] (1500–1567) and his wife Görvel Fadersdotter (Sparre) (1509 or 1517 – 1605). The baptismal font of the cathedral is a sparsely decorated Early Gothic font made of reddish grey limestone. Several surveys and descriptions of the flora of the cathedral, like the plants that grow on its walls, have been made. The first to describe
3192-504: The cathedral is mostly sandstone quarried in the area around Höör . The main walls are constructed as shells of sandstone filled with fieldstone mixed with lime mortar . The thickness of the walls is around 2 to 3 metres (6.6 to 9.8 ft). When it comes to stone sculpture, Lund Cathedral was the most lavishly decorated Romanesque building to be built in the Nordic countries, according to art historian Jan Svanberg , and its sculptures are of recognised high artistic quality. Perhaps
3276-409: The cathedral may have collapsed, were it not for the work done by van Düren. Following the Reformation in the 16th century, the diocese lost much of its revenues. The building was still subjected to much stress, not least by the use of the large church bell, and suffered during the recurrent wars between Denmark and Sweden ; in 1658 Lund permanently became part of Sweden. Despite van Düren's repairs,
3360-532: The cathedral until 1893 and ultimately managed to implement most of his ideas for the cathedral. A compromise in 1862 proposed that the Danish architect Ferdinand Meldahl would assume the main responsibility, and Zettervall would merely assist Meldahl. However, it soon became apparent that Zettervall would not accept a subordinate role and Meldahl himself showed little interest in the project. In 1862, Zettervall traveled extensively through Germany and Italy to study stylistically related architecture, and also to visit
3444-485: The cathedral was heavily damaged by a large fire. Large donations were made to the church in the following years, to allow for repairs. Even so, the need for repairs was continuous for the entire 13th century. Following the fire, the burnt-out ceiling was replaced by brick vaults. Changes were also made to the layout of the westernmost part of the building. A conflict erupted between King Christopher I of Denmark and Archbishop Jakob Erlandsen in 1257 partially because
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3528-488: The cathedral was restored and rebuilt during most of the 19th century. The work was first led by Carl Georg Brunius and later by architect Helgo Zettervall and not entirely finished until 1893. The changes implemented during the 19th century were extensive; among other things, Zettervall had the entire western part, including the towers, demolished and rebuilt to his own designs. The medieval cathedral contains several historic furnishings and works of art. Its main altarpiece
3612-461: The choir had been enlarged and the seats of the royal family moved, itself a testimony of the growing power of the Church. Two chapels were added to the cathedral during the 14th and 15th centuries; one located adjacent to the two westernmost bays of the south aisle of the nave, and the other as a western extension of the south transept. Buttresses were also added piecemeal to the building during
3696-446: The choir stalls is a bishop's throne which survives in a damaged state and is placed in the south transept. It is somewhat similar in construction to the choir stalls but stylistically different and more closely related to contemporary art from north Germany. Currently placed next to the bishop's chair is also a Gothic tabernacle in the form of a 5 metres (16 ft) tall, decorated wooden pillar. It contains two cabinets surmounted by
3780-491: The choir with the nave and improved the drainage system. He also removed modern furnishings, re-built some of the buttresses and changed the stone of a large part of the facade. Brunius retired due to old age in 1859, but as there was still a substantial need for repairs, the young architect Helgo Zettervall was appointed to carry out the rest of the work in 1860. A conflict between Brunius and Zettervall developed almost immediately, but Zettervall would keep working on restoring
3864-435: The choir, built a large buttress to support the southern transept (before 1513), and rebuilt the gable of the northern transept (1524) as well as its vaults. New and considerably larger windows with pointed arches were installed in both the northern wall of the north transept and in the southern wall of the south transept. The towers and western facade were also repaired in 1512–18 and again in 1527. It has been argued that
3948-401: The church was described as being "very dilapidated" in 1682. During the 18th century, the chapels of the church were used for funerals, but also as an improvised morgue where corpses were occasionally left for several years. Attempts at repairs were made; among them the entire apse was dismantled and then re-erected. Many of the repairs were however either temporary or outright detrimental to
4032-428: The condition of the building. King Gustav III of Sweden visited the cathedral crypt in 1785 and expressed his displeasure at its state. In 1812, the aforementioned chapels from the 14th and 15th centuries were demolished. When the congregation wanted to build a new church organ in the early 19th century, architect Axel Nyström [ sv ] was invited to examine the structure in 1832. Nyström recommended
4116-436: The construction of the cathedral is difficult to determine. The new cathedral was richly decorated with stone sculpture, including two unusual statues in the crypt traditionally called " The giant Finn and his wife " about which a local legend has developed. The cathedral was severely damaged in a fire in 1234, and major restoration works were carried out in the early 16th century under the leadership of Adam van Düren . Following
4200-538: The construction site. Many early Romanesque stone churches in the countryside, particularly in Scania but also in the rest of present-day Denmark and Sweden, show direct influences from Lund Cathedral, notably Vä Church (Scania). Other examples are e.g. Valby Church [ da ] ( Zealand ), Lannaskede Old Church [ sv ] ( Småland ), Hogstad Church [ sv ] ( Östergötland ) and Havdhem Church ( Gotland ). The plan and layout of
4284-607: The council, and carries out the decisions of the Assembly and Council. On 19 June 2021, the LWF Council elected Estonian theologian Anne Burghardt as the next General Secretary. She is the first woman to serve in this role and assumed office on 1 November of that year. This map shows the global distribution of Lutheranism based on The LWF 2019 membership data. Sorted by country in alphabetical order Some member denominations have recognized same-sex unions through marriage,
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#17327662579824368-700: The design of the apse is similar to that of the Basilica of Saint Servatius in Maastricht . On a more general level, the origins of the style of Lund Cathedral can be found in Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio ( Milan ), Modena Cathedral and several churches in Pavia , all in northern Italy. Similar stylistic influences can be seen in other cathedrals in Denmark from the same time, for example in Ribe Cathedral . The building of Lund Cathedral must have involved
4452-498: The different elements of the building are clearly discernible as independent volumes, "as if they could be taken apart and put together again". The apse of the cathedral is a "forcefully articulated" semi-circle. Compared to its predecessors in Mainz, its composition is somewhat more elaborate with three distinct storeys each divided into fields, the lower by lesenes and the middle by columns with decorated capitals . The uppermost part
4536-477: The end of the 14th century, probably commissioned by archbishop Nils Jönson some time between 1361 and 1379. Clearly made by several different wood carvers, they are approximately 3 metres (9.8 ft) tall without their gables and decorated with carved details. These are biblical scenes from both the Old and New Testament , but the stalls also contain misericords portraying animals and other small details. Their style
4620-401: The entire western part of the church, including the towers, and rebuilt them according to his own Neo-Romanesque designs. In the 20th century, archaeological excavations were carried out in and around the cathedral. The building also underwent a major restoration in 1954–1963, led by architect Eiler Græbe [ sv ] . During this time the decorative painting from the 19th century
4704-431: The flora of the building was published in 1922. Lichenologist Ove Almborn made a survey of the lichen of the cathedral in 1935; it was incidentally his first scientific publication. The lichens of the cathedral were inventoried again in 1993. Of the species observed growing on the cathedral, the minute fern wall-rue ( Asplenium ruta-muraria ) was mentioned as early as 1756 by Anders Tidström [ sv ] and
4788-404: The flora of the cathedral was Daniel Rolander , one of the apostles of Linnaeus , who made a list of the vascular plants , mosses and lichens he found growing on the building in 1771. It was rediscovered in the 20th century and published in 1931. Elias Magnus Fries also made observations about the flora of the cathedral during the first half of the 19th century. A more systematic surveys of
4872-472: The history of the cathedral, the construction of Lund Cathedral is probably among the most well documented among any Romanesque churches . Two contemporary accounts of the building of the cathedral, in the form of the illuminated manuscripts Necrologium Lundense and Liber daticus vetustior , are still preserved in the library of Lund University . Both books contain notes, written in Latin , with dates of
4956-405: The large Gothic windows in the transepts. Zettervall also proposed to add an octagonal dome over the crossing . Far-reaching changes would also affect the interior. In the proposal Zettervall strove to reduce and refine the building volumes of the cathedral and create a unified composition of block-like elements. The proposal by Zettervall was criticised, not least by Meldahl. Zettervall re-worked
5040-497: The late 15th century, manufactured by Harmen Bonstede in Hamburg. It was supplied to the cathedral in a dismantled state, and traces of its assembly instruction are still discernible on the candelabrum. Similar candelabra were installed in a number of Scandinavian cathedrals at approximately the same time; although the one in Lund is larger than those in the cathedrals of Aarhus , Ribe, Viborg and Stockholm . The current pulpit
5124-407: The latest examples of building restoration so that he could draw upon that experience in his work at Lund. In 1863, he presented a first proposal for a complete restoration of the cathedral. Zettervall himself considered it a "reasonable middle ground between reparation and reconstruction". The proposal would mean the removal of all buttresses, a new roof, completely rebuilt towers, and the removal of
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#17327662579825208-479: The layout of the crypt and the cathedral above ground as far west as the current north and south portals of the cathedral, although it is difficult to draw any definitive conclusions about his precise role. The same is true for his successor, possibly a builder named Ragnar. The building erected during the time of Donatus and his successor show clear influences from Romanesque architecture in Lombardy , conveyed via
5292-556: The life and work of the federation in consultation with the General Secretary. (born 1961) The Lutheran World Federation Council elects the General Secretary for a seven-year term. The person appointed is eligible for re-election. The General Secretary conducts the business of the federation assisted by the Communion Office Leadership Team, comprising department and unit heads appointed by
5376-502: The middle of the 14th century, while the two angel-bearing columns may be somewhat later. Saint Lawrence's column is approximately 3 metres (9.8 ft) tall (and the saint 70 centimetres (28 in)), while the columns with angels are slightly smaller. The three columns were probably made in Lübeck or Hamburg . Presently located in the south transept is also the 3.5 metres (11 ft) tall seven-branched candelabrum or candle holder from
5460-425: The most well-known and striking of these are the sculptures of two figures traditionally called " The giant Finn and his wife " in the crypt. According to a local legend, the giant helped build the cathedral, and when he was not paid for his services he tried to destroy it by shaking the pillars, but was petrified. The larger of the two figures is embracing a column, while the smaller is attached to another column with
5544-417: The next decades to rebuild the cathedral largely in line with his design from 1864. Between 1832 and 1893, the cathedral was radically transformed by the work of Brunius and Zettervall. All windows were replaced, several vaults and pillars were repaired or rebuilt, and both architects effected extensive changes to the transept. Just as he had suggested, Zettervall had all the buttresses removed and demolished
5628-441: The opposite side of the nave, in the west wall of the south aisle. The cathedral also owns three High Gothic bronze columns carrying statuettes, the oldest remaining furnishings in the cathedral, and a seven-branched candelabrum from the end of the Middle Ages. Two of the bronze columns are crowned by angels, and the third one by a statuette of Saint Lawrence, holding a gridiron, the symbol of his martyrdom. It probably dates from
5712-550: The period. Among these is a baldachin now immured in the east wall of the north transept which may have been part of the original western facade; Its columns have Corinthian capitals and support a richly decorated archivolt on which traces of original paint survives. Opposite, in the south wall, is a smaller baldachin where the columns themselves are sculpted angels (one with feather tights ) standing on lions. Similar sculptures exist in Como and Modena in northern Italy. In addition,
5796-431: The preceding centuries since the great fire of 1234, the cathedral was in need of a thorough restoration. Adam van Düren and his workshop made several changes and contributions. A new drainage system was installed in the crypt, and as part of that work a well , which probably replaced an earlier well in the same location, was decorated with satirical allegories . The workshop of van Düren also created two new windows in
5880-470: The progression of the construction. The oldest part of the cathedral is the large crypt . Its main altar was inaugurated on 30 June 1123, followed by the north (1126) and south (1131) side altars of the crypt. Only then did the cathedral begin to be used. One of the main functions of the crypt appears to have been as a place where baptisms were conducted. The main altar of the cathedral was dedicated to Saint Mary and Saint Lawrence on 1 September 1145, by
5964-402: The proposal and put forward a revised, less far-reaching proposal in 1864, notably without the central dome. This proposal was also rejected and the plan for a complete overhaul abandoned; however it was at the same time decided that Zettervall would continue working on repairing the cathedral and every year make what changes that were deemed necessary. In this way, Zettervall could piecemeal over
6048-425: The rebuilding of Protestant churches in Germany after 1945. By the time of his death in 1951, the federation represented 52 churches in 25 countries. The 20 largest member churches are (with number of members in millions; 2021 statistics): The President is the federation's chief official representative and spokesperson. The president presides at meetings of the Assembly, Council and Meeting of Officers, and oversees
6132-524: The same period are known from several churches in towns in the south Baltic Sea area. Especially the clocks in Doberan Minster and St. Nicholas Church, Stralsund are very similar, and it is possible that the clockmaker Nikolaus Lilienfeld who made the clock in Stralsund also made the clock in Lund. The clock was repaired 2009–2010. A decorated conventional clock from 1623 is immured on
6216-584: The second archbishop of Lund, Eskil , in a ceremony attended by bishops from present-day Germany, Denmark and Sweden. By then, the construction of the cathedral to more or less its present dimensions was complete. Unusually for that time, the architect of the cathedral is known by his name, Donatus. The name appears in both the Necrologium Lundense (as "Donatus architectus") and the Liber daticus vetustior . Donatus may have been responsible for
6300-591: The side show scenes from the New Testament. Several people have been buried in the cathedral. The crypt contains the oldest grave in the cathedral, the grave of Hermann of Schleswig , who played an important role as an emissary of archbishop Ascer of Lund to the Pope and who may have written parts of the aforementioned Necrologium Lundense . The simple Romanesque sarcophagus , which has an inscription in Latin and
6384-587: The south transept displaying the Woman of the Apocalypse flanked by Saint Lawrence and Saint Canute is similar to the portal relief van Düren made a couple of years earlier at Glimmingehus . The medieval main altarpiece was donated to the cathedral in 1398 by Ide Pedersdatter Falk . The altarpiece is one of a group of stylistically similar altarpieces and made in some north Germany city, probably by Master Bertram or in his workshop. Its central panel depicts
6468-584: The title LWF . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LWF&oldid=1144755263 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Initialisms Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Lutheran World Federation Bible Translators Theologians The Lutheran World Federation ( LWF ; German : Lutherischer Weltbund )
6552-799: The various aspects of mission and development work. The Department for World Service is the LWF's humanitarian and development arm. It has programmes in 24 countries and is the UNHCR ninth largest implementing partner. The LWF is a member of ACT Alliance . On 31 October 1999, in Augsburg , Germany, the LWF signed the Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification with the Roman Catholic Church . The Catholic–Lutheran dialogue
6636-456: Was commissioned at the end of the 16th century and is marked with the date 1592. The artist was Johannes Ganssog from Frankfurt an der Oder in present-day Germany. It is attached with unusual technical skill to one of the pillars of the nave, and it is entered through a stair cut inside the pillar. The building material is sandstone, black limestone and black and white marble , and it is partially painted and gilded . Reliefs of alabaster on
6720-456: Was created in Dalby , close to Lund, where Dalby Church was built adjacent to what was possibly a royal palace. However, when the first bishop of Lund ( Henry of Lund ) died, the erstwhile bishop of Dalby, Egino , was installed in Lund and Dalby abandoned as the seat of a bishop. At the same time, in 1103, Lund was proclaimed an archiepiscopal see overseeing all Nordic countries. The cathedral
6804-420: Was donated to the cathedral in 1398, and it also contains Gothic choir stalls, bronzes and an astronomical clock from the 15th century (although heavily restored in 1923). When it was built, Lund Cathedral was lavishly decorated with Romanesque stone sculptures. It also contains late medieval stone sculptures from the time of Adam van Düren's renovation. After the Reformation the cathedral was also equipped with
6888-406: Was not the first church to be built in Lund; the earliest churches (now vanished) were built in the city at the end of the 10th century. Some kind of rudimentary settlement probably existed at the site of Lund Cathedral at the end of the 10th and early 11th centuries, but no remains of buildings have been found there. Lund Cathedral is one of the oldest stone buildings still in use in Sweden. During
6972-423: Was removed. The large mosaic decorating the apse was installed in 1927, and designed by Joakim Skovgaard . In 1990, the layout of the choir was changed and the altar placed in the crossing. Pope Francis visited the cathedral on 31 October 2016 to observe the 499th anniversary of the beginning of the Reformation . Lund Cathedral has been called "the most powerful representative of Romanesque architecture in
7056-564: Was to coordinate international activities of the many Lutheran churches, to provide a forum for discussions on theological and organizational issues, and to assist in philanthropy, missionary activity, and exchange of students and professors. A key leader was Executive Secretary Sylvester C. Michelfelder (1889–1951), representing the American Lutheran Church . He had been a leader in organizing $ 45 million in American help for
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