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105-522: General Edward Lawrence Logan International Airport ( IATA : BOS , ICAO : KBOS , FAA LID : BOS ) — also known as Boston Logan International Airport — is an international airport located mostly in East Boston and partially in Winthrop, Massachusetts . Covering 2,384 acres (965 ha), it has six runways and four passenger terminals, and employs an estimated 16,000 people. It is included in

210-641: A FBO in the North Cargo area near runway 15R/33L. Also located on airport property is the Amelia Earhart General Aviation Terminal, which is located near runway 14/32 and next to the Massport Fire Rescue headquarters. The terminal was built in 1980, and dedicated to former Boston resident Earhart in 1984. Until 2006, American Eagle flights flew out of the terminal when all flights were consolidated in

315-410: A codeshare airline with Delta). As a result, Delta declared Logan to be one of their hubs . Terminal B, designed by John Carl Warnecke & Associates and Desmond & Lord, Inc., first opened in 1974. Air Canada , Alaska Airlines , American , Boutique Air , Southwest , Spirit , and United currently operate out of the terminal which has 41 gates. American and United both operate lounges in

420-461: A "clam bed"), but was thwarted by a court injunction. Boston's Hyatt Harborside Hotel, which sits only a few hundred yards from the runway threshold, was built primarily to prevent Massport from ever extending the length of 14/32 or using it for takeoffs or landings over the city. Massachusetts state legislators carefully chose the location of the hotel—directly in the runway centerline—prior to its construction in 1992. Geographically, Logan Airport

525-430: A brief period. On November 29, 1945, Pan American World Airways (Pan Am) became the launch customer with the largest commercial aircraft order in history, a $ 24,500,000 order for 20 Stratocruisers. Earlier in 1945, a Boeing C-97 had flown from Seattle to Washington, D.C. nonstop in six hours and four minutes; with this knowledge, and with Pan Am President Juan Trippe 's high regard for Boeing after their success with

630-456: A dozen stories high, is a local landmark with its pair of segmented elliptical pylons and a six-story platform trussed between them. Logan Airport has two cargo facilities: North Cargo is adjacent to Terminal E and South Cargo adjacent to Terminals A and B. North Cargo is also the location of several maintenance hangars , including those operated by American Airlines , Delta through Delta TechOps , and JetBlue . Signature Aviation operates

735-431: A fleet of Stratocruisers. Pan-Am saw Northwest's mail contract deal and appealed for new terms in their own international mail contracts, which were granted much to the consternation of Trans World Airlines , who were able to provide the same Atlantic mail services as Pan-Am with lower operating costs. The Northwest deal led to allegations of graft and political favoritism towards Boeing. The other carriers who adopted

840-612: A minimum of 11.5-knot (21.3 km/h) northwest winds, slightly higher than the 10-knot (19 km/h; 12 mph) threshold favored by Massport. The rationale behind constructing the new runway 14/32 was that it reduces the need for improving existing Runway 15L/33R, which, at only 2,557 feet (779 m) is perhaps the shortest hard-surface runways at major airports in the United States. In 1988, Massport had proposed an 800-foot (240 m) extension to 15L/33R (a project which would have required additional filling-in some land along

945-701: A multi-stop Constellation service linking Boston to Orly Airport in Paris. BOAC thereafter began service on the new De Havilland Comet , the first commercial jetliner in the world, on direct flights to Boston from London Heathrow . In April 1957, the Official Airline Guide showed 49 weekday departures with the list as follows: American , 31 Eastern , 25 Northeast Airlines , 8 United Airlines , 7 TWA domestic, 6 National Airlines , 6 Mohawk Airlines , 2 Trans-Canada Air Lines and one Provincetown-Boston Airlines . In addition TWA had nine departures

1050-418: A new baggage carousel . Terminal C opened in 1967 and was designed by Perry, Shaw, Hepburn and Dean . It underwent renovations in 1987, 2002, and 2005. The terminal, which has 27 gates, serves Aer Lingus , Cape Air , JetBlue as their operating base, with TAP Air Portugal only having departures take place out of the terminal. The airport's USO Lounge is located in the baggage claim area of Terminal C on

1155-505: A new TSA checkpoint was built and the ticketing, customs, and baggage claim areas were expanded. In total, the project cost $ 680 million and incorporated roughly 320,000 square feet (30,000 m) of new space. The project, inclusive of a prismatic painted roof, was designed by AECOM and luis vidal + architects, with Boston-based Suffolk Construction Company serving as construction manager. Located partly in East Boston and partly in

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1260-567: A new airport is built, replacing the old one, leaving the city's new "major" airport (or the only remaining airport) code to no longer correspond with the city's name. The original airport in Nashville, Tennessee, was built in 1936 as part of the Works Progress Administration and called Berry Field with the designation, BNA. A new facility known as Nashville International Airport was built in 1987 but still uses BNA. This

1365-489: A passenger aircraft suited for premium service on long transoceanic routes, expanding on the precedent set by their Boeing 314 Clipper with Pan American World Airways . Despite a recession in late 1945, Allen ordered 50 Stratocruisers, spending capital on the project without an order from an airline customer. His gamble that customers would be interested in Boeing's unique and expensive new airplane turned out to be correct for

1470-842: A total of 139 fatalities. The worst single accident occurred on April 29, 1952. The aircraft type also experienced a significantly high rate of in-flight emergencies related to engine and propeller failure, resulting in Airworthiness Directives . Faults included structural failures of neoprene -cored propellers, failures of propeller pitch control resulting in overspeed , and failures related to engine cooling. Six propeller failures between 1950 and 1955 resulted in separation or near-separation of engines from mounts, with two resulting in hull-loss accidents. Directives were issued in 1950, 1955, and 1958 regarding enhanced maintenance and fault detection, in-flight vibration monitoring, and propeller replacement. A Directive concerning

1575-490: A total of 18 gates, including two gates used for hard stand boarding and two flexible-use gates which can each accommodate either 2 narrow-body aircraft or a single wide-body aircraft. All gates within the terminal are designated as common-use, meaning gates are assigned mostly based on an operational need, and no specific airline claims ownership of any of those gates. All ticket counters and gates in Terminal E are shared among

1680-529: A week to or from the Atlantic, Pan Am had 18, Air France 8, BOAC 4 and Alitalia 4. Aer Lingus launched nonstop Constellation service to Shannon in 1958. The airport was renamed General Edward Lawrence Logan International Airport by an act of the state legislature on April 29, 1954, reflecting the growing international market. The jumbo jet era began at Logan in the summer of 1970, when Pan Am started daily Boeing 747 service to London Heathrow. Until 2020,

1785-406: A week were scheduled with a flight time of 11 hr 1 min due to tailwinds; the following August all flights took 19 hours, with a stop at Wake Island Airfield . In winter 1953-54, one Tokyo-Honolulu flight took 9 hr 35 min for 3,853 great-circle miles (6,201 km). By 1960, Stratocruisers were being superseded by jets: the de Havilland Comet , Boeing 707 , and Douglas DC-8 . The last flight of

1890-509: Is GSN and its IATA code is SPN, and some coincide with IATA codes of non-U.S. airports. Canada's unusual codes—which bear little to no similarity with any conventional abbreviation to the city's name—such as YUL in Montréal , and YYZ in Toronto , originated from the two-letter codes used to identify weather reporting stations in the 1930s. The letters preceding the two-letter code follow

1995-515: Is also an operating base for JetBlue . American Airlines and United Airlines also carry out significant operations from the airport, including daily transcontinental flights. All of the major U.S. air carriers offer flights from Boston to all or the majority of their primary and secondary hubs. Logan Airport opened on September 8, 1923, and at that time it was mainly used by the Massachusetts Air National Guard and

2100-493: Is available. Terminal A, which replaced a 1970s-era building once occupied by the now-defunct Eastern Air Lines (and later by its successor, Continental Airlines , until closing for demolition in 2002), opened to passengers on March 16, 2005. It was designed by Hellmuth, Obata + Kassabaum . The terminal is primarily used by Delta Air Lines and is divided into a 11-gate main terminal and a 10-gate satellite terminal , which are connected via an underground pedestrian tunnel under

2205-554: Is available. However, many railway administrations have their own list of codes for their stations, such as the list of Amtrak station codes . Airport codes arose out of the convenience that the practice brought pilots for location identification in the 1930s. Initially, pilots in the United States used the two-letter code from the National Weather Service (NWS) for identifying cities. This system became unmanageable for cities and towns without an NWS identifier, and

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2310-474: Is capable of processing over 2,000 passengers per hour. The terminal was completed in 1974, and designed by Kubitz & Papi, Inc. and Desmond & Lord, Inc. Massport completed the "Terminal E Modernization" project in August 1997 which improved the passenger facilities. The International Gateway Project, designed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill and DMJM Aviation , added 410,000 square feet (38,000 m) to

2415-523: Is different from the name in English, yet the airport code represents only the English name. Examples include: Due to scarcity of codes, some airports are given codes with letters not found in their names: The use of 'X' as a filler letter is a practice to create three-letter identifiers when more straightforward options were unavailable: Some airports in the United States retained their NWS ( National Weather Service ) codes and simply appended an X at

2520-671: Is governed by IATA Resolution 763, and it is administered by the IATA's headquarters in Montreal , Canada. The codes are published semi-annually in the IATA Airline Coding Directory. IATA provides codes for airport handling entities, and for certain railway stations. Alphabetical lists of airports sorted by IATA code are available. A list of railway station codes , shared in agreements between airlines and rail lines such as Amtrak , SNCF , and Deutsche Bahn ,

2625-513: Is in conjunction to rules aimed to avoid confusion that seem to apply in the United States, which state that "the first and second letters or second and third letters of an identifier may not be duplicated with less than 200 nautical miles separation." Thus, Washington, D.C. area's three airports all have radically different codes: IAD for Washington–Dulles , DCA for Washington–Reagan (District of Columbia Airport), and BWI for Baltimore (Baltimore–Washington International, formerly BAL). Since HOU

2730-632: Is instead co-operated by two private seaplane bases (SPBs), Tailwind Boston SPB ( FAA LID : MA17 ) and Cape Air Boston Harbor SPB ( IATA : BNH , FAA LID : MA87 ). Between 1968 and 1971, Taxiway Sierra was converted into STOL runway 18/36, which was 1,800 ft (550 m) for use by Eastern Air Lines's STOL capable Breguet 941 turboprop shuttle. Instrument landing system approaches are available for runways 4R, 15R, 22L, 27, and 33L, with runways 4R and 33L certified for CAT III operations . The other runways with ILS are certified for CAT I Instrument Landing operations. EMAS pads are located at

2835-685: Is located 2.5 miles (4.0 km) northeast of Back Bay , a short distance with respect to other airports similarly sized and metropolitan areas served. Located on Route 1A , the airport is accessed from I-93 through the Sumner and Callahan Tunnels , and I-90 / Massachusetts Turnpike through the Ted Williams Tunnel . Massport operates an intercity bus common carrier called Logan Express . It provides shuttle service to remote park and rides located at Back Bay , Braintree , Framingham , Peabody , and Woburn . Massport also operates

2940-543: Is not followed outside the United States: In addition, since three letter codes starting with Q are widely used in radio communication, cities whose name begins with "Q" also had to find alternate codes, as in the case of: IATA codes should not be confused with the FAA identifiers of U.S. airports. Most FAA identifiers agree with the corresponding IATA codes, but some do not, such as Saipan , whose FAA identifier

3045-416: Is used for William P. Hobby Airport , the new Houston–Intercontinental became IAH. The code BKK was originally assigned to Bangkok–Don Mueang and was later transferred to Suvarnabhumi Airport , while the former adopted DMK. The code ISK was originally assigned to Gandhinagar Airport (Nashik's old airport) and later on transferred to Ozar Airport (Nashik's current airport). Shanghai–Hongqiao retained

3150-512: The Boeing 314 Clipper , Pan Am was confident in ordering the expensive plane. The 377 shared the distinctive design of the C-97, with a "double-bubble" fuselage cross-section, resembling a figure-8, with the smaller loop on the bottom, with 6,600 cubic feet (190 m ) of interior space shared between two passenger decks. Outside diameter of the upper lobe was 132 inches, compared to 125 inches for

3255-438: The Boeing 747-400 was scheduled on flights to Boston by British Airways . Lufthansa operated Boeing 747s, including the latest-model Boeing 747-8 , on its daily nonstop flights to Frankfurt . Terminal E was the second-largest international arrivals facility in the United States when it opened in 1974. Between 1974 and 2015, the number of international travelers at Logan tripled. International long-haul travel has been one of

Logan International Airport - Misplaced Pages Continue

3360-571: The Canadian transcontinental railroads were built, each station was assigned its own two-letter Morse code : When the Canadian government established airports, it used the existing railway codes for them as well. If the airport had a weather station, authorities added a "Y" to the front of the code, meaning "Yes" to indicate it had a weather station or some other letter to indicate it did not. When international codes were created in cooperation with

3465-638: The Douglas DC-6 and the Lockheed Constellation continued longer, on secondary routes or rebuilt as freighters. A few 377s were sold to smaller airlines, used as freighters, or converted by Aero Spacelines into heavily modified enlarged freighters called Guppies . During 1959 and 1960, Transocean Airlines assembled a fleet of fourteen at bargain prices. In 1960, TOA went bankrupt and only four were in operable condition. The hulks were stored at Oakland International Airport through

3570-605: The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems in which it is categorized as a large hub primary commercial service facility. Opened in 1923 and named after General Edward Lawrence Logan – a 20th-century soldier and politician native to Boston, Logan International Airport is the largest airport in both Massachusetts and the New England region, in terms of passenger volume and cargo handling, as well as

3675-629: The MBTA 's Silver Line bus rapid transit service connects all Logan terminals with South Station , a major transportation hub in downtown Boston that is served by MBTA Commuter Rail , Amtrak , the Red Line subway , and intercity bus. Airport station on the MBTA's Blue Line subway, despite its name, is not in the airport terminal itself; free shuttle buses carry passengers between the Airport station and

3780-770: The Mini Guppy ; the IAF Museum in Israel has a C-97 (4X-FPM) on display painted to resemble their most famous 377M, Masada . In addition to the Israeli Anaks, a company called Aero Spacelines was converting old 377s to aircraft called Guppies in the 1960s. There were three types: the Pregnant Guppy, Super Guppy, and Mini Guppy. They had an extension to the top of the fuselage to enable them to carry large aircraft parts between manufacturing sites. The first

3885-521: The United States Army Air Corps . At the time, it was referred to as "Boston Air Port" at Jeffries Point. The first scheduled commercial passenger flights to start at the new airfield were on Colonial Air Transport between Boston and New York City, starting in 1927. On January 1, 1936, the airport's weather station became the official point for Boston's weather observations and records by the National Weather Service . During

3990-463: The 1940s and 1950s, due to the rise in demand for air travel, the airport added 1,800 acres (2.8 sq mi; 7.3 km; 730 ha) of landfill in Boston Harbor , taken from the former Governors , Noddle's and Apple Islands. During this time, the airport expanded the terminals, adding terminals B and C in 1949, which are still in use today. In 1943, the state of Massachusetts renamed

4095-647: The 1960s and cannibalized for parts, contributing some to the Aero Spacelines Guppies. Five remaining 377s were modified by Bedek Aviation to resemble former U.S. Air Force Model 367 Stratofreighters and pressed into service with the Israel Defense Forces. Two were shot down during the course of their service and the three remaining 377Ms were retired in 1978 and later scrapped. None of the 56 377s built were preserved for display in original condition, although one airframe remains today as

4200-799: The 377 reached 409 mph (355 kn; 658 km/h) IAS (about 500 mph (430 kn; 800 km/h) TAS) in a 15–20 degree dive at 13,500 ft (4,100 m); another report said it reached 498 mph (801 km/h) true air speed while diving from 21,000 feet (6,400 m) altitude to 12,000 feet (3,700 m) in 50 seconds using "full rated power". Typical airline cruise was less than 300 mph (260 kn; 480 km/h); in August 1953, Pan Am and United 377s (and United DC-6s) were scheduled between Honolulu and San Francisco (2,398 mi (3,859 km)) in 9 h 45 min each way. The longest (by distance) 377 nonstop flights were made by Pan Am from Tokyo to Honolulu during four winter seasons beginning in 1952–1953. In January 1953, two nonstops

4305-542: The 377 with United was in 1954, the last with BOAC was in 1959, and the last with Northwest was in September 1960. In November 1960, only a weekly Pan Am Honolulu to Singapore flight remained, and the 377 was retired by Pan Am in 1961. High operating costs (notably the fuel consumption and maintenance of the Wasp Major engines) led to rapid abandonment of the 377 with the onset of the jet era. Its contemporaries such as

Logan International Airport - Misplaced Pages Continue

4410-661: The A380 to Logan, operating the aircraft three times per week. British Airways announced in October 2018, that A380 service to Boston would expand to daily frequency during the summer 2019 season, beginning on March 31, 2019. Likewise, in January 2019, Emirates announced that it would be deploying the A380 on its daily flight between Logan and Dubai during the June–September 2019 summer season, as high peak seasonal services replacing

4515-691: The Airport Shuttle which provides free service between all terminals, the Airport station on the Blue Line , and the Rental Car Center, as well as additional service to the water transportation dock located on Harborside Drive. Ride Shares serve the airport via the central parking garage. A handful of livery-plate operators also service the airport offering various chauffeured car, van, or limousine for-hire offerings. The SL1 branch of

4620-549: The B777-300ER on that route. Lufthansa deployed the A380 to Boston in 2023, on its route to Munich. By 2023, Logan airport had grown to serve over 8 million international passengers. Logan International Airport has four lettered passenger terminals , A, B, C, and E, and 106 gate positions in total. With the exception of flights from destinations with U.S. Customs and Border Protection preclearance , inbound international flights arrive at Terminal E for customs screening since

4725-451: The DC-6 and other Douglas types (and 148 inches for today's 737). The lower deck served as a lounge, seating 14. The 377 had innovations such as higher cabin pressure and air conditioning; the superchargers on the four Pratt & Whitney R-4360 engines increased power at altitude and allowed constant cabin pressure. The wing was the Boeing 117 airfoil. In all, 4,000,000 man-hours went into

4830-526: The Stratocruiser as unbeatable in luxury attraction but is uneconomical. Ireland said PAA's Stratocruiser competition to Hawaii induced United to buy the plane originally." In 1950, United's seven 377s averaged $ 2.46 "direct operating cost" per plane-mile, and "Indirect costs are generally considered to be equal or greater than the direct costs." Most operators were using Stratocruisers on long-range routes where higher prices could be charged, off-setting

4935-404: The Stratocruiser fleet had flown 169,859,579 miles (273,362,494 km). The 377 was one of the most advanced and capable of the propeller-driven transports, and among the most luxurious, but it was troubled by reliability issues and maintenance costs. Problems included catastrophic failures of propellers, failures of propeller pitch control leading to overspeed incidents, problems related to

5040-462: The Stratocruiser got a boost from the US government, with a controversial incentive package offered to Northwest Orient Airlines for its purchase. Its components were unusually generous mail contracts offered to Northwest for opening new routes to Hawaii and points in the western Pacific region that they were invited to apply for, and a Reconstruction Finance Corporation loan earmarked for the purchase of

5145-758: The Stratocruiser on the Honolulu run in 1953 and to Tokyo in 1955. For a short time, Pan Am 377s flew to Beirut, Lebanon , but after 1954, no 377 was scheduled east of Europe or west of Singapore . In 1954, United Stratocruisers flew Los Angeles to Honolulu and between Seattle and San Francisco; United's B377 flights to Honolulu were all first class. In 1955, BOAC 377s had 50 First Class seats (fare $ 400 one way New York to London) or 81 Tourist seats (fare $ 290). In 1956, Pan Am 377s flew from Los Angeles and San Francisco to Sydney with stops at Honolulu, Canton Island and Suva (via Nadi Airport in Fiji ). By 1958, Pan Am

5250-504: The Stratocruiser were British Overseas Airways Corporation , American Overseas Airlines (merged with Pan Am in 1950) and United Airlines . The last 377 was delivered to BOAC in May 1950. On this delivery flight, Boeing engineer Wellwood Beall accompanied the final 377 to England, and returned with news of the de Havilland Comet , the first jet airliner, and its appeal. The tenure of the Stratocruiser with United ended in 1954, when United had

5355-539: The Terminal B to C Connector was started in 2021, with the Connector opening in 2023, creating a continuous indoor post-security connection between Terminals B, C, and E. Once the Connector was completed, the former gates C40-42 were renamed B40, C23, and C24. A new gate, B39, was also created from the added space in connecting Terminals B and C. Terminal E, also known as the John A. Volpe International Terminal named after

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5460-496: The Town of Winthrop, on Boston Harbor, Logan International Airport covers an area of 2,384 acres (965 ha) which contains six runways : The runways are operated in four patterns depending on the wind direction: Additionally, the harbor to the south of the airport contains water Runway 14W/32W (3,000 ft × 1,000 ft (910 m × 300 m)); this runway, however, is not operated by Logan International Airport but

5565-470: The U.S. For example, several airports in Alaska have scheduled commercial service, such as Stebbins and Nanwalek , which use FAA codes instead of ICAO codes. Thus, neither system completely includes all airports with scheduled service. Some airports are identified in colloquial speech by their IATA code. Examples include LAX and JFK . Boeing 377 Stratocruiser The Boeing 377 Stratocruiser

5670-481: The United States, because "Y" was seldom used in the United States, Canada simply used the weather station codes for its airports, changing the "Y" to a "Z" if it conflicted with an airport code already in use. The result is that most major Canadian airport codes start with "Y" followed by two letters in the city's name (for example, YOW for O tta w a , YWG for W innipe g , YYC for C algar y , or YVR for V ancouve r ), whereas other Canadian airports append

5775-491: The agency took control of a parcel of residential land and popular fishing area near the northwest side of the airfield. This land included Frederick Law Olmsted 's 46-acre (19 ha) Wood Island Park, a valued recreational area for a neighborhood with "fewer park and recreation facilities than other neighborhood in the city." After decades of litigation, the forfeiture was undertaken to extend Runway 15R/33L, which later became Logan's longest runway via artificial land. Outside of

5880-427: The airport after Maj. Gen. Edward Lawrence Logan , a Spanish–American War officer from South Boston, a statue of whom by sculptor Joseph Coletti was unveiled and dedicated on May 20, 1956. In 1952, Logan Airport became the first in the United States with an indirect rapid transit connection, with the opening of the Airport station on the Blue Line . Boston became a transatlantic gateway after World War II . In

5985-440: The airport itself instead of the city it serves, while another code is reserved which refers to the city itself which can be used to search for flights to any of its airports. For instance: Or using a code for the city in one of the major airports and then assigning another code to another airport: When different cities with the same name each have an airport, they need to be assigned different codes. Examples include: Sometimes,

6090-418: The airport's former name, such as Orlando International Airport 's MCO (for Mc C o y Air Force Base), or Chicago's O'Hare International Airport , which is coded ORD for its original name: Or char d Field. In rare cases, the code comes from the airport's unofficial name, such as Kahului Airport 's OGG (for local aviation pioneer Jimmy H ogg ). In large metropolitan areas, airport codes are often named after

6195-411: The airport. The project, which was completed in August 2023, included the addition of 2 new international gates (E13 and E16) as well as two flexible-use international gates which can each accommodate either two narrow-body aircraft or a single wide-body aircraft (E14 and E15). The project includes all-new shops, restaurants and other passenger services which stretch into the North Cargo area. Additionally,

6300-487: The background. Parts of the Delta Air Lines 2007 "Anthem" commercial were filmed in Terminal A as well as the connector bridge between Terminal A and Central Parking. In October 2009 US Airways announced it would close its Boston crew base in May 2010. The airline cited an "operations realignment" as the reason. Over 400 employees were transferred or terminated. After starting service to Logan in 2004, JetBlue

6405-603: The busiest airport in the Northeastern United States outside the New York metropolitan area . The airport saw 42 million passengers in 2019, the most in its history. Logan Airport has non-stop service to destinations throughout the United States and the world. BOS is the northeastern hub for Cape Air and is the secondary transatlantic hub for Delta Air Lines , serving several destinations in Europe. It

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6510-502: The code SHA, while the newer Shanghai–Pudong adopted PVG. The opposite was true for Berlin : the airport Berlin–Tegel used the code TXL, while its smaller counterpart Berlin–Schönefeld used SXF; the Berlin Brandenburg Airport has the airport code BER, which is also part of its branding. The airports of Hamburg (HAM) and Hannover (HAJ) are less than 100 nautical miles (190 km) apart and therefore share

6615-460: The conceptual term "Logan 2000". A plan was devised including an idea for a Monorail or people mover to connect all terminals (post-security) as a means of cutting down on all the buses which needed to visit each terminal to make pick-ups or drop-offs. The plan was abandoned at the time due to cost of the system. However it has been raised again. Runway 14/32, Logan's first major runway addition in more than forty years, opened on November 23, 2006. It

6720-416: The construction manager. Until 2014, Terminal B was split into north and south buildings, with a parking garage between the two buildings. Between 2012 and April 2014, Terminal B underwent a $ 160 million renovation. It created a post-security connection between Terminal B North and Terminal B South. The renovation also included 24 new ticket counter spots, eight new departure lounges, new concession space, and

6825-658: The end of 1949 Pan Am, BOAC and American Overseas Airlines (AOA) were flying 377s transatlantic, while Northwest Orient Airlines was flying in the United States; in January 1950 United began flights from San Francisco to Honolulu. Stratocruisers were pressed into emergency military service after the onset of the Korean War . In late 1950 Northwest Stratocruisers were serving New York City, Chicago, Detroit, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Milwaukee, Spokane, Seattle, and Honolulu. By late 1952, Northwest Stratocruisers replaced DC-4s to Tokyo via Anchorage, Alaska ; Northwest replaced

6930-532: The end of that year, the six United 377s were all sold to BOAC in a deal orchestrated by Douglas Aircraft . BOAC, which was short of aircraft after the grounding of the Comet 1, paid between US$ 895,000 and US$ 995,000 per unit and spares for what were essentially five-year-old aircraft. An equivalent brand new Douglas DC-7 cost US$ 775,000 (~$ 6.98 million in 2023) in 1954. Boeing set never-exceed speed at 351 mph (305 kn; 565 km/h) IAS but in testing,

7035-886: The end. Examples include: A lot of minor airfields without scheduled passenger traffic have ICAO codes but not IATA codes, since the four letter codes allow more number of codes, and IATA codes are mainly used for passenger services such as tickets, and ICAO codes by pilots. In the US, such airfields use FAA codes instead of ICAO. There are airports with scheduled service for which there are ICAO codes but not IATA codes, such as Nkhotakota Airport/Tangole Airport in Malawi or Chōfu Airport in Tokyo, Japan. There are also several minor airports in Russia (e.g., Omsukchan Airport ) which lack IATA codes and instead use internal Russian codes for booking. Flights to these airports cannot be booked through

7140-640: The engineering of the 377. It was one of only a few double deck airliners production airliners ever built for commercial use, another being its French contemporary, the Breguet Deux-Ponts , as well as later models, the 747 and the Airbus A380 . The first flight of the 377 was on July 8, 1947, two years after the first commercial order. The flight test fleet of three 377s underwent 250,000 mi (217,000 nmi; 402,000 km) of flying to test its limits before certification. Adoption of

7245-406: The fastest growing market sectors at the airport. Massachusetts Port Authority (Massport) undertook the "Logan Modernization Project" from 1994 to 2006: a new parking garage, a new hotel, moving walkways, terminal expansions and improvements, and two-tiered roadways to separate arrival and departure traffic. Massport's relationship with nearby communities has been strained since the mid-1960s, when

7350-557: The first three letters of the city in which it is located, for instance: The code may also be a combination of the letters in its name, such as: Sometimes the airport code reflects pronunciation, rather than spelling, namely: For many reasons, some airport codes do not fit the normal scheme described above. Some airports, for example, cross several municipalities or regions, and therefore, use codes derived from some of their letters, resulting in: Other airports—particularly those serving cities with multiple airports—have codes derived from

7455-478: The following format: Most large airports in Canada have codes that begin with the letter "Y", although not all "Y" codes are Canadian (for example, YUM for Yuma, Arizona , and YNT for Yantai , China), and not all Canadian airports start with the letter "Y" (for example, ZBF for Bathurst, New Brunswick ). Many Canadian airports have a code that starts with W, X or Z, but none of these are major airports. When

7560-597: The form of " YYZ ", a song by the rock band Rush , which utilizes the Morse code signal as a musical motif. Some airports have started using their IATA codes as brand names , such as Calgary International Airport (YYC) and Vancouver International Airport (YVR). Numerous New Zealand airports use codes that contain the letter Z, to distinguish them from similar airport names in other countries. Examples include HLZ for Hamilton , ZQN for Queenstown , and WSZ for Westport . Predominantly, airport codes are named after

7665-403: The former Governor of Massachusetts and U.S. Secretary of Transportation , serves as the international terminal for Logan and therefore houses the majority of its international arrivals (excluding flights from an origin that has U.S. border preclearance ). Also, most non-U.S. carriers excluding Aer Lingus , Air Canada , TAP Air Portugal , and WestJet depart from Terminal E. The terminal has

7770-640: The former B22-29 gates in Pier A, the north building of Terminal B. Passengers had to take a shuttle bus from Terminal B to the Earhart Terminal. The terminal currently sits mostly unused. Terminal C is home to the airport's chapel, Our Lady of the Airways. Opened in 1951, it is considered the first airport chapel in the United States. The chapel was originally Catholic, but is now non-denominational. IATA airport code The assignment of these codes

7875-522: The higher operating costs. The exception was Northwest Airlines, who managed to keep the aircraft competitive on shorter U.S. domestic routes where the aircraft's higher payload capacity benefited from lower fuel weights. United however could not integrate their six-plane fleet of 377s. By 1954, the lack of spares and the inability to cross-train their Douglas crews with the type relegated their Stratocruisers primarily to their Hawaii route, where they faced stiff competition from Pan American and Northwest. By

7980-487: The international air booking systems or have international luggage transferred there, and thus, they are booked instead through the airline or a domestic booking system. Several heliports in Greenland have 3-letter codes used internally which might be IATA codes for airports in faraway countries. There are several airports with scheduled service that have not been assigned ICAO codes that do have IATA codes, especially in

8085-503: The international carriers. Terminal E has several airline lounges including: Air France Lounge, British Airways Lounge, Delta 's Sky Club, Lufthansa 's First Lounge and Business Lounges, and Emirates ' Emirates Lounge. The third level of Terminal E is used for departures, the second for passport control via U.S. Customs and Border Protection , and the ground level for arrivals and customs, also via U.S. Customs and Border Protection. The Federal Inspection Station located in Terminal E

8190-582: The late 1940s, American Overseas Airlines began operating a weekly Boston-Shannon-London service, shortly after, Pan Am began operating nonstop service to Shannon Airport in Ireland and Santa Maria Airport in the Azores, continuing to London and Lisbon, respectively. By the early 1950s, BOAC had started nonstop Stratocruiser service to Glasgow and Prestwick in Scotland, and Air France began operating

8295-474: The lower deck lounge; typical seating was for 63 or 84 passengers or 28 berthed and five seated passengers. The Stratocruiser was larger than the Douglas DC-6 and Lockheed Constellation and cost more to buy and operate. Its reliability was poor, chiefly due to problems with the four 28-cylinder Pratt & Whitney R-4360 Wasp Major radial engines and structural and control problems with their propellers. Only 55 Model 377s were built for airlines, along with

8400-496: The lower level. It offers most typical amenities as other markets as major as Greater Boston . Military ID is required for entry. The former Terminal D gates (the three gates at the north end of Terminal C) were renumbered and labeled as part of Terminal C in February 2006. In the summer of 2016, following construction of a post-security connection between Terminals C and E, these three gates were renumbered again. Construction on

8505-612: The name of the airport itself, for instance: This is also true with some cities with a single airport (even if there is more than one airport in the metropolitan area of said city), such as BDL for Hartford, Connecticut 's B ra dl ey International Airport or Baltimore's BWI, for B altimore/ W ashington I nternational Airport ; however, the latter also serves Washington, D.C. , alongside Dulles International Airport (IAD, for I nternational A irport D ulles) and Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport (DCA, for D istrict of C olumbia A irport). The code also sometimes comes from

8610-487: The northwest side of the airport, such as Chelsea and East Boston, as authorities acknowledged these areas would likely see increased noise levels. Many Residents of Winthrop and Revere also joined in opposition, even though Massport had predicted the new traffic patterns allowed by 14/32 would actually reduce overflights and noise in those areas. Since the opening of the new runway, there has been disagreement about when and how often it should operate. Residents have demanded

8715-416: The one they are located in: Other airport codes are of obscure origin, and each has its own peculiarities: In Asia, codes that do not correspond with their city's names include Niigata 's KIJ , Nanchang 's KHN and Pyongyang 's FNJ . EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg , which serves three countries, has three airport codes: BSL, MLH, EAP. Some cities have a name in their respective language which

8820-475: The opportunity to sell them to BOAC after finding them unprofitable without the extra mail subsidies enjoyed by Pan Am and Northwest. Only 56 were built, one prototype (later reconditioned) and 55 production aircraft. As a result of low production volume, Boeing lost $ 7 million on the aircraft. As the launch customer, Pan Am was the first to begin scheduled flights, from San Francisco to Honolulu in April 1949. At

8925-563: The other terminals do not have customs screening facilities. All terminals are connected by pre-security shuttle buses and by the SL1 branch of the MBTA Silver Line BRT , and Terminals A, B, and E via pre-security moving walkways. Moving walkways also connect the terminals to a central parking garage designed for consolidated service between all four terminals and the garage itself. Post-security connection between Terminals B, C and E

9030-499: The park on Neptune Road, residents of the neighborhood, formerly, with its convenient park access, the "most prestigious street in East Boston," were bought out of their homes and forced to relocate. Public opposition came to a head when residents laid down in the streets to block bulldozers and supply trucks from reaching the construction zone. Surrounding the year 2000 the Board of Massport placed an emphasis on Logan modernization under

9135-562: The pitch control system was issued after the October 16, 1956 hull-loss accident. A June 1957 overspeed incident occurred on Romance of the Skies , after the compliance date of the Directive and less than six months before its fatal accident of November 8, 1957. No hull-loss accidents after the loss of the Romance have been attributed to an overspeed incident. Data from Airliners of

9240-427: The poor thermal design of the engine, and aerodynamic problems arising from design constraints imposed by the engine's thermal problems. Its service record was marred by a high incidence of in-flight emergencies and hull-loss accidents related to those issues. The propellers were the subject of Airworthiness Directives in 1955, 1957, and 1958. In 1953, "United's [Chief Executive] Ray Ireland ...described

9345-523: The project angered neighboring residents. In 2009 the taxiway opened ahead of schedule and under budget. To ensure the taxiway is not mistaken for a runway, "TAXI" is written in large yellow letters at each end. A scene from the 2006 film The Departed was filmed at Logan, inside the connector bridge between Terminal E and the Central Parking Garage. Terminal C and several United Airlines and Northwest Airlines aircraft can be seen in

9450-553: The ramp. Terminal A features a Delta Sky Club on the third floor of the satellite building, and a second Sky Club at the site of the former Continental Airlines Presidents Club in the main terminal building. The building is the first airport terminal in the United States to be LEED certified for environmentally friendly design by the U.S. Green Building Council. Among the building's features are heat-reflecting roof and windows, low-flow faucets and waterless urinals , self-dimming lights and stormwater filtration. The current Terminal A

9555-506: The same first and middle letters, indicating that this rule might be followed only in Germany. Many cities retain historical names in their airport codes, even after having undergone an official name/spelling/transliteration change: Some airport codes are based on previous names associated with a present airport, often with a military heritage. These include: Some airports are named for an administrative division or nearby city, rather than

9660-857: The single prototype. A 377 was also converted into the Aero Spacelines Pregnant Guppy by John M. Conroy for NASA ’s Gemini space program. The Boeing 377 Stratocruiser was a civil derivative of the Boeing Model 367, the Boeing C-97 Stratofreighter , which first flew in late 1944. William Allen , who had become president of the Boeing Company in September 1945, sought to introduce a new civilian aircraft to replace reduced military production after World War II . Boeing saw in their large-bodied, fast, and long-ranged military transport potential for

9765-402: The starting thresholds of runways 22R and 33L. Runway 14/32, which opened to air traffic on November 23, 2006, is unidirectional. Runway 32 is used for landings and 14 is used for takeoffs. Massport is barred by a court order from using the runway for overland landings or takeoffs, except in emergencies. There was fierce opposition towards the construction of 14/32 among communities adjacent to

9870-500: The station code of Malton, Mississauga , where it is located). YUL is used for Montréal–Trudeau (UL was the ID code for the beacon in the city of Kirkland , now the location of Montréal–Trudeau). While these codes make it difficult for the public to associate them with a particular Canadian city, some codes have become popular in usage despite their cryptic nature, particularly at the largest airports. Toronto's code has entered pop culture in

9975-796: The terminal (those being the Admirals Club and United Club, respectively) for their customers. Pier B was completed for US Airways in 1974 and Pier A for American in 1975. The terminal remained largely unchanged until US Airways expanded its operations at Logan in 1979, and improvements designed by HNTB were constructed in 1980. From 1980 until 2000, numerous small projects including passenger seating area improvements, concessions expansions and passenger lounges were completed at both piers. American's facilities were renovated in 1995 and redesigned by Gresham, Smith & Partners, and US Airways' facilities were renovated in 1998 and 2000, and redesigned by URS Corporation with Turner Construction serving as

10080-1073: The terminal buildings. The Blue Line connects with the Orange Line at State , which provides service to both North Station and Back Bay , the two other major rail transportation hubs for Boston. A transfer to the Green Line , which also runs to North Station, is available at Government Center station . The SL3 branch of the Silver Line connects Chelsea with the Airport Station. A 120,000 sq ft (11,000 m) $ 310 million rental car center opened on September 24, 2013, consolidating all rental car companies into one shared building. Alamo , Avis , Budget , Dollar , Enterprise , Hertz , National , Payless , Sixt , Thrifty , and Zipcar rental car companies currently operate out of facility, which has 3,200 parking spaces across four levels. The distinctive central control tower, nearly

10185-454: The terminal in 2003, and the entire project was completed in 2008. Started in 2014 and completed in late January 2017, Terminal E underwent a $ 100 million renovation which included a post-security connector between Terminals E and C (opened summer 2016), improved immigration and passport control kiosks, and gates capable of serving the Airbus A380 . In summer 2019, Massport began another expansion project on Terminal E, due to continued growth at

10290-515: The two-letter code of the radio beacons that were the closest to the actual airport, such as YQX in Gander or YXS in Prince George . Four of the ten provincial capital airports in Canada have ended up with codes beginning with YY, including: Canada's largest airport is YYZ for Toronto Pearson (as YTZ was already allocated to Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport , the airport was given

10395-529: The use of two letters allowed only a few hundred combinations; a three-letter system of airport codes was implemented. This system allowed for 17,576 permutations, assuming all letters can be used in conjunction with each other. Since the U.S. Navy reserved "N" codes, and to prevent confusion with Federal Communications Commission broadcast call signs , which begin with "W" or "K", the airports of certain U.S. cities whose name begins with one of these letters had to adopt "irregular" airport codes: This practice

10500-562: Was a large long-range airliner developed from the C-97 Stratofreighter military transport, itself a derivative of the B-29 Superfortress . The Stratocruiser's first flight was on July 8, 1947. Its design was advanced for its day; its relatively innovative features (though neither completely new) included two passenger decks and a pressurized cabin . It could carry up to 100 passengers on the main deck plus 14 in

10605-470: Was a major operator at Logan Airport by 2008 and its largest carrier by 2011, with flights to cities throughout North America and the Caribbean. The airline grew to operate almost every gate in Terminal C and remains Logan's largest carrier as of 2023. The Airbus A380 first landed at Logan International Airport for compatibility checks on February 8, 2010. On March 26, 2017, British Airways began flying

10710-482: Was developed under a special facility lease between the Massachusetts Port Authority and Delta. On September 14, 2005, Delta filed for bankruptcy and consequently had to reduce the number of gates it leased. In December 2018, Delta announced an expansion of routes to take effect in 2019, which resulted in the airline regaining all of Terminal A (other than one gate subleased to WestJet , itself

10815-422: Was operating the Stratocruiser between Seattle, Washington and Fairbanks , Juneau and Ketchikan , Alaska and between Seattle and Whitehorse , Yukon . Within six years of first delivery, the Stratocruiser had carried 3,199,219 passengers; it had completed 3,597 transcontinental flights, and 27,678 transatlantic crossings, and went between the United States and South America 822 times. In these first six years,

10920-441: Was proposed in 1973, but was delayed in the courts. According to Massport records, the first aircraft to use the new airstrip was a Continental Express ERJ-145 regional jet landing on Runway 32, on the morning of December 2, 2006. In April 2007, the FAA approved construction of a center field taxiway long-sought by Massport. The 9,300-foot (2,830 m) taxiway is between, and parallel to, Runways 4R/22L and 4L/22R. News of

11025-684: Was the Pregnant Guppy , followed by the Super Guppy , and finally the Mini Guppy . The Super Guppy and the Mini Guppy had turboprop engines. [REDACTED]   Ecuador [REDACTED]   United Kingdom [REDACTED]   Israel [REDACTED]   Nigeria [REDACTED]   Sweden [REDACTED]   United States [REDACTED]   Venezuela This aircraft type suffered 13 hull-loss accidents between 1951 and 1970 with

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