Lok Shakti ( lit. People's Power) was a political party in India. Lok Shakti was one of several parties that were formed when the Janata Dal crumbled in the mid-1990s. LS was formed in February 1997 after Ramakrishna Hegde was expelled from Janata Dal . Lok Shakti emerged as a major party in Karnataka . It was a founding member of the National Democratic Alliance . It eventually merged with Janta Dal (United) .
87-544: Before the 1999 general election , faction led by then Chief Minister of Karnataka J. H. Patel lent support to the National Democratic Alliance , leading to the split in the Janata Dal . This caused the formation of Janata Dal (Secular) under H. D. Deve Gowda , who wanted to remain equidistant from both national parties; and Janata Dal (United) under Sharad Yadav . Janata Dal (United)
174-854: A case in the City Civil Court IV of Chennai in February 2021, but it upheld her dismissal as the AIADMK general secretary in April 2022. On 5 December 2023, the Madras High Court upheld her dismissal as the AIADMK general secretary. On 21 August 2017, both O. Panneerselvam and Edappadi K. Palaniswami factions of the AIADMK merged, and O. Panneerselvam was sworn in as the Deputy Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu with
261-616: A further 29 seats taken by the Telugu Desam Party , which gave support to the BJP-led government but was not strictly part of its alliance. Despite increasing its popular vote share and receiving the most votes overall, the Congress party lost 23 seats, and its two key regional allies performed worse than expected; however, it did regain ground in some states such as Uttar Pradesh (where it had been wiped out in 1998, not winning
348-550: A gross state domestic product of $ 290 billion, or ₹21.6 lakh crore, Tamil Nadu became India's second-largest economy. In 1980, the AIADMK under M. G. Ramachandran reversed his decision on economic criteria after the AIADMK faced a close defeat in the Indian general election in Tamil Nadu . He further raised the quota for the backward classes from 31 percent to 50 percent, bringing the total reservation to 68 percent. In 1993,
435-767: A hung assembly, the AIADMK, contesting with only the support of the MDMK and a few other smaller parties, won 61 seats compared to the DMK's 96 and was pushed out of power by the DMK-led congressional alliance of the PMK and the Left Front. The AIADMK's electoral reversals continued in the 2009 general election . However, the party's performance was better than its debacle in 2004, and the AIADMK-led alliance managed to win 12 seats, with
522-510: A low rate of inflation and higher rate of industrial expansion. The BJP campaigned strongly on the back of these achievements, as well as cultivating some sympathy for the predicament which had led to the government's downfall. Perhaps most decisive though in the BJP's campaign was the solid alliance it had cultivated and the relatively strong performance it was able to deliver on regional and local issues. The 1991 , 1996 , and 1998 elections saw
609-557: A massive reversal of fortunes following the Lok Sabha elections, the AIADMK won a comfortable majority in the state assembly with 129 of 234 seats. M.G.R. was sworn in as chief minister for the second time on 9 June 1980. In the 1984 general election , the party again aligned with the INC, and the alliance won 37 out of the 39 state parliamentary seats. In the 1984 assembly election , even with M.G.R.'s failing health and hospitalization,
696-415: A million members in the first two months. C. N. Annadurai 's ideologue and movie producer turned politician R. M. Veerappan was the key architect in unifying M.G.R. fan clubs and further consolidating the party structure in the 1970s. Other key leaders, such as Nanjil K. Manoharan and S. D. Somasundaram played major roles in consolidation. Pavalar M. Muthusamy was elected the first presidium chairman of
783-498: A new twist to Tamil Nadu politics. Due to a conviction in the disproportionate assets case against Jayalalithaa, Sasikala was sentenced to 4 years' imprisonment in the Bengaluru Central Prison . Before that, she appointed Edappadi K. Palaniswami as legislative party leader (Chief Minister). She also appointed her nephew and former treasurer of the party, T. T. V. Dhinakaran , as the deputy general secretary of
870-503: A period of consistent growth for the BJP and its allies, based primarily on arousing Hindu sentiments around the Ayodhya dispute , which culminated into large-scale Hindu-Muslim riots in the wake of the 1992 demolition of Babri Masjid . It also underwent political expansions in terms of cultivating stronger and broader alliances with other previously unaffiliated parties which were opposed to Congress hegemony but not ideological aligned with
957-514: A single seat in any of the elections. After Jayalalithaa's death on 5 December 2016, her close aide V. K. Sasikala was selected unanimously as the Acting General Secretary of the party on 31 December 2016. On 5 February 2017, she was selected as the leader of the legislative assembly as chief minister. O. Panneerselvam rebelled against Sasikala and reported that he had been compelled to resign as Chief Minister, bringing in
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#17327832353511044-626: A single seat in the state). The leftist parties' fortunes continued to decline, with the Communist Party of India dropping to just four seats and losing its official status as a "national party". The seat result for the Indian National Congress was the worst in nearly half a century, with party leader Sonia Gandhi calling upon the party to take a frank assessment of itself – "the result calls for introspection, frank assessment and determined action. We will attend to this in
1131-528: The Indian National Congress (INC) and swept to power in the 1991 assembly election under her leadership, and she became the second female and fifth chief minister of Tamil Nadu . Political observers have ascribed the landslide victory to the anti-incumbent wave arising out of the assassination of the former prime minister Rajiv Gandhi by suspected Tamil separatists fighting for a homeland in neighbouring Sri Lanka . The ensuing government
1218-560: The National Capital Territory of Delhi , and Telangana . The party also has functionaries in other countries where Tamil people are present. In Karnataka, the party had members in the state assembly from 1983 to 2004 and has influence in the Tamil-speaking areas of Bengaluru and Kolar . In Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, and Maharashtra, the party contested some legislative assembly elections but did not win
1305-564: The National Democratic Alliance led by the Bharatiya Janata Party win a majority in the Lok Sabha, the first time since 1984 that a party or alliance had won an outright majority and the second since the 1977 elections that a non-Congress coalition had done so. It was also the third consecutive election in which the party that won the most votes overall did not win the most seats. The elections gave Atal Bihari Vajpayee
1392-477: The state of Tamil Nadu and the union territory of Puducherry . It is a Dravidian party founded by the former chief minister of Tamil Nadu M. G. Ramachandran (M.G.R.) at Madurai on 17 October 1972 as a breakaway faction from the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam after M. Karunanidhi expelled him from the party for demanding an account as the party treasurer . The party is adhering to
1479-576: The "Two Leaves" symbol on 17 December 1988. The 1989 assembly election saw the DMK regain power after 13 years, with M. Karunanidhi returning as chief minister for the third time. Due to its split, the AIADMK suffered heavily in the election, with the Janaki and Jayalalithaa factions winning only 2 and 27 seats, respectively. Following the AIADMK's rout in the election, the factions led by Jayalalithaa and Janaki merged under Jayalalithaa's leadership on 7 February 1989, as Janaki decided to quit politics as it
1566-604: The "videsi" (foreign) Gandhi versus the "swadesi" (home-grown) Vajpayee. Another issue running in the BJP's favour was the generally positive view of Vajpayee's handling of the Kargil War , which had ended a few months earlier and had affirmed and strengthened the Indian position in Kashmir . During the past two years India had posted strong economic growth on the back of economic liberalisation and financial reforms, as well as
1653-451: The 121 Western seats on 3 October. Despite some fears of voter fatigue, electoral turnout was comparable with previous elections at 59.99%. Over 5 million election officials conducted the election over 800,000 polling stations, with vote counting commencing on 6 October. The results in terms of seats were decisively in favour of the BJP and the NDA, with the formal NDA picking up 269 seats, and
1740-493: The 2000s, the parties started competing at an increasing level for the distribution of consumer goods. The AIADMK government distributed free bicycles to class 11 and 12 students during its tenure of 2001–06. In its manifesto for the 2006 assembly elections, the DMK promised free colour televisions in competition with other parties. The competition continued during the 2011 assembly elections, when both parties announced free laptops for school students and mixers, fans, and blenders for
1827-485: The AIADMK J. Jayalalithaa , had consistently threatened to withdraw support from the ruling coalition if certain demands were not met, in particular the sacking of the Tamil Nadu government , control of which she had lost three years prior to her arch rival M. Karunanidhi . The BJP accused Jayalalithaa of making the demands in order to avoid standing trial for a series of corruption charges , and no agreement between
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#17327832353511914-542: The AIADMK government under J. Jayalalithaa passed the Tamil Nadu Backward Classes, Scheduled Castes, and Scheduled Tribes Bill, 1993, in the Assembly (Act 45 of 1994). The bill was sent to the president for approval. The government led a cross-party committee of Tamil Nadu politicians to Delhi to meet with the central government. She also demanded that the Tamil Nadu government's act be placed in
2001-467: The AIADMK has been led by the former chief minister of Tamil Nadu Edappadi K. Palaniswami (Edappadiyaar) as general secretary of the party. The headquarters of the party is called Puratchi Thalaivar M.G.R. Maaligai, which is located at V.P. Raman Salai, Royapettah , Chennai . The building was donated to the party in 1986 by M.G.R.'s wife and the former chief minister of Tamil Nadu V. N. Janaki Ramachandran . The AIADMK sought to depoliticize
2088-608: The AIADMK once again allied with the INC in the 1999 general election , and the alliance won 13 seats out of 39 in Tamil Nadu. In the 2001 assembly election , the AIADMK-led alliance, consisting of the Indian National Congress , the Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar) (TMC(M)), the Left Front , and the Pattali Makkal Katchi (PMK), regained power, winning 197 seats to the AIADMK's 132. Due to
2175-489: The AIADMK party. With the support of 123 MLAs, Palaniswami became chief minister of Tamil Nadu . On 23 March 2017, the Election Commission of India (ECI) gave separate party symbols to the two factions: O. Panneerselvam 's faction, known as AIADMK (Puratchi Thalaivi Amma), got the "Electric Pole" symbol, and Edappadi K. Palaniswami 's faction, known as AIADMK (Amma), got the "Hat" symbol. A bye-election
2262-505: The AIADMK revived its electoral fortunes when it formed an alliance with the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (MDMK), and the alliance won 30 seats out of 39 in Tamil Nadu. In the Atal Bihari Vajpayee -led government between 1998 and 1999, the AIADMK shared power with the BJP but withdrew its support of 18 Lok Sabha MPs in early 1999, causing the BJP government to fall. Following this,
2349-665: The AIADMK was led by the former chief minister of Tamil Nadu J. Jayalalithaa (Amma) as general secretary of the party. She was admired as the Mother of the Party by her cadre and was highly popular among the Tamil populace until her death in 2016. From 21 August 2017 to 23 June 2022, the party was led under the dual leadership of the former chief ministers of Tamil Nadu O. Panneerselvam and Edappadi K. Palaniswami as co-ordinator and joint co-ordinator respectively. From 11 July 2022,
2436-427: The AIADMK winning 9 seats. Following widespread corruption, a price rise, a power cut, and allegations of nepotism against the DMK government, in the 2011 assembly election , the party, in alliance with parties like the left and actor-turned-politician Vijayakant 's Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam (DMDK), swept the polls, winning 203 seats, with the AIADMK winning 150. Jayalalithaa was sworn in as chief minister for
2523-610: The BJP; and regional expansion which saw the NDA become competitive and even the largest vote takers in previously Congress dominated areas such as Orissa , Andhra Pradesh and Assam . These final factors were to prove decisive in the election outcome of 1999. The voting was conducted over five days. Elections were conducted in 146 seats on the Eastern coast of the country on 5 September, in 123 Central and Southern seats on 11 September, in 76 Northern and Upper-Central seats on 18 September, in 74 North Western seats on 25 September and in
2610-611: The Election Commission of India for the AIADMK's election symbol. However, the Central District Tis Hazari Courts granted him bail on the grounds that the police had failed to identify the allegedly bribed public official. T. T. V. Dhinakaran started his party work on 5 August 2017. However, the chief minister, Edappadi K. Palaniswami, had a fallout with Dhinakaran and announced that the appointment of Dhinakaran as deputy general secretary
2697-402: The INC aligned with the DMK, and the alliance won 37 out of the 39 state parliamentary seats. The AIADMK won just two seats. After returning to power, Indira Gandhi dismissed a number of state governments belonging to the opposition parties, including the AIADMK government in Tamil Nadu. In the 1980 assembly election , with the opposition DMK continuing the electoral alliance with the INC, In
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2784-593: The Tamil Nadu State to increase the storage level in the Mullaperiyar Dam to 142 feet from 136 feet and struck down the unconstitutional law enacted by the Government of Kerala in 2006 restricting the storage level to 136 feet. This Supreme Court decision ensured the farmers' and people's livelihoods in the southern districts of Tamil Nadu. In February 2013, the Government of India notified
2871-518: The Tamil Nadu legislative assembly, enhancing the reservation for women from 33 percent to 50 percent in local bodies such as municipal corporations, municipalities, town panchayats, and village panchayats of the state. In 2006, the AIADMK initiated a case in the Supreme Court to uphold the state's rights on the Mullaperiyar Dam issue . As a result, in May 2014, a Supreme Court verdict allowed
2958-426: The aftermath "It will certainly be a government of stability...I expect that Mr Vajpayee, with all his experience, will be able to handle our coalition partners." All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam The All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam ( transl. All India Anna Dravidian Progressive Federation ; abbr. AIADMK ) is an Indian regional political party with great influence in
3045-491: The assembly. By supporting the National Emergency between 1975 and 1977, the AIADMK grew close to the Indian National Congress party. The DMK-led government was dismissed by a central government on corruption charges in 1976. The AIADMK swept to power, defeating the DMK in the 1977 assembly election . M.G.R. was sworn in as the third chief minister of Tamil Nadu on 30 June 1977. In the 1977 general election ,
3132-597: The closure of the Sterlite Copper factory in Thoothukkudi in the interest of the people, knowing that the air and water in the city are being heavily polluted by the factory, which has been at the center of violent protests by locals to protect and improve the environment. In February 2020, the AIADMK government declared the Cauvery Delta region a protected special agriculture zone. This announcement
3219-606: The co-ordinator and joint co-ordinator of the AIADMK, respectively. On 4 January 2018, O. Panneerselvam was elected Leader of the House in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly . On 12 September 2017, the AIADMK general council decided to cancel V. K. Sasikala's appointment as acting general secretary and officially expel her from the party, though prominent members appointed to party posts by her were allowed to continue discharging their functions. Instead,
3306-546: The coalition. On 9 February 2014, the 13-kg gold armor was donated by the general secretary of the AIADMK and the chief minister of Tamil Nadu J. Jayalalithaa for adorning the 3.5-foot-tall statue of Pasumpon Muthuramalinga Thevar at Pasumpon in Ramanathapuram district . The gold armor is estimated to be worth ₹4 crore. The armor is kept in a nationalized bank locker in Madurai . After the AIADMK party treasurer and
3393-427: The coming days. In the meantime, we accept unhesitatingly the verdict of the people". For the BJP, this marked the first occasion where a non-INC party had secured a stable government coalition. Previous non-INC governing coalitions had been formed in 1977, 1989 and 1996; however, none of these administrations had been able to maintain a stable coagulation for more than a couple of years. One Senior BJP figure commented in
3480-565: The constituencies it contested. In 1998, the AIADMK Silver Jubilee Conference was held in Tirunelveli by the party's general secretary J. Jayalalithaa from January 1 to 3. Several alliance party leaders, such as Lal Krishna Advani , S. Ramadoss , Subramanian Swamy , Valappaddy K. Ramamurthy , and Vaiko , participated in it ahead of the Lok Sabha election that year. During the 1998 general election ,
3567-474: The controversy, the party called for animal-rights organization PETA to be banned. In March 2017, the AIADMK government implemented the Kudimaramathu Scheme to rejuvenate water bodies with the participation of agriculturalists, reviving the age-old practice of community participation in the maintenance and management of tank irrigation systems. In May 2018, the AIADMK government has ordered
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3654-424: The education policy of the government by not insisting that education be in the Tamil language. Policies of the AIADMK were targeted at the poorer segments of Tamil society—the poor, rickshaw pullers, and destitute women—and centralising the massive Puratchi Thalaivar M.G.R. Nutritious Meal Programme for children. There was ambivalence towards the reservation policy and the interests of farmers. The party functions on
3741-424: The election. The campaign coalesced around a few key issues. Sonia Gandhi was a relative newcomer to the INC (having been elected to the presidency in 1998) and her leadership had recently been challenged by Marathi INC leader Sharad Pawar , on the grounds of her Italian birth. This led to an underlying crisis within the INC that persisted during the election and was capitalised upon by the BJP, which contrasted
3828-447: The elections were held later that year. The incumbent Hindu right -wing Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) went into the election as the head of the National Democratic Alliance (NDA), a coalition of over 20 parties. Several other parties in the election not part of the NDA also committed themselves to supporting a BJP led government on matters of confidence. The main opposition league was led by Sonia Gandhi's Indian National Congress ,
3915-576: The elite level police commandos in 2003, a first in India. The women had the same training as men, which included handling weapons, detection and disposal of bombs, driving, horseback riding, and adventure sports. She dispatched a special task force to the Sathyamangalam forests in October 2004 to track down notorious sandalwood smuggler Veerappan . The operation was successful, as he was killed by
4002-550: The final award of the Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal (CWDT) on the directions of the Supreme Court. After 22 years of legal battle, then-Chief Minister Jayalalithaa called it a "tremendous achievement" of her government that the state had received due justice. Then Jayalalithaa said that it was the happiest day of her life and the happiest day for the farmers in Tamil Nadu; she recalled her famous fast-unto-death at Marina Beach in 1993. The AIADMK
4089-427: The fourth time. In the union territory of Puducherry , the AIADMK allied with N. Rangasamy 's All India N.R. Congress (AINRC) and won the 2011 assembly election , which was held in parallel with the Tamil Nadu assembly election. Rangasamy, on the other hand, formed the government without consulting the AIADMK and refused to share power with the pre-election alliance partner. So Jayalalithaa accused him of betraying
4176-523: The late J. Jayalalithaa was named the eternal general secretary of the AIADMK. A day after the merger of two AIADMK factions, on 22 August 2017, 19 MLAs owing allegiance to ousted deputy general secretary T. T. V. Dhinakaran submitted letters to the governor , expressing lack of confidence in Chief Minister Edappadi K. Palaniswami and withdrawing support from the government. 18 out of those 19 MLAs were disqualified from office by
4263-599: The long-traditional centrist dominant party in India. The opposition coalition comprised far fewer parties, and its alliances were generally weaker than those of the NDA. A so-called "third front" of left-wing, socialist and communist parties was also present, although this was not a strong electoral alliance so much as a loose grouping of parties that shared similar ideological viewpoints and had some inter-party co-operation. There were also nearly one thousand candidates of unaffiliated parties, independent candidates and parties who were unwilling to take part in coalitions that stood in
4350-593: The merger of Samata Party . Brahmanand Mandal became the president , but he is suffering from Alzheimer's disease and not physically well so Uday Mandal became President and he has taken charge of the Samata Party. The uniting force is believed to be common opposition to Rashtriya Janata Dal in Bihar especially after the Rashtriya Janata Dal welcomed Samata Party rebels like Raghunath Jha into
4437-477: The next day. Janaki served as the state's first female chief minister for 23 days, from 7 January 1988 until the state assembly was dissolved on 30 January 1988 and President's Rule was imposed. The party began to crumble due to infighting and broke into two factions, one under Janaki Ramachandran and the other under J. Jayalalithaa , an associate of M.G.R. and another film actress-turned-politician who had starred with M.G.R. The Election Commission of India froze
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#17327832353514524-628: The ninth schedule of the Indian Constitution , ensuring that the law cannot be challenged in any court. Later, the president's assent was received on 19 July 1994, and it confirmed the 69 percent reservation for Tamil Nadu. On 20 February 2016, the J. Jayalalithaa -led AIADMK government passed the Tamil Nadu Municipal Laws (Amendment) Act, 2016 and the Tamil Nadu Panchayats (Amendment) Act, 2016 in
4611-527: The number of seats obtained until the 2014 general elections . On 17 April 1999, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) coalition government led by prime minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee failed to win a confidence vote in the Lok Sabha (India's lower house) by a single vote due to the withdrawal of one of the government's coalition partners – the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK). The general secretary of
4698-522: The parties could be reached leading to the government's defeat. Sonia Gandhi , as leader of the opposition and largest opposition party ( Indian National Congress ) was unable to form a coalition of parties large enough to secure a working majority in the Lok Sabha. Thus shortly after the no confidence motion, President K. R. Narayanan dissolved the Parliament and called fresh elections. Atal Bihari Vajpayee remained caretaker prime minister till
4785-402: The party allied with the Indian National Congress , and the alliance won 39 out of 40 constituencies it contested in Tamil Nadu and Puducherry . The DMK government was dismissed in 1991 by the central government headed by then- prime minister Chandra Shekhar , an ally of the AIADMK at that time, on charges that the constitutional machinery in the state had broken down. The party allied with
4872-548: The party lauded the economic policies of the Narendra Modi -led central government, stating that the central government had ushered in economic stability and made the country a "decisive player" in regional economics, and voiced support for the Goods and Services Tax (GST), which had been opposed by their rival, the DMK. During the AIADMK regime, Tamil Nadu was the best-performing big state overall from 2018 to 2021. With
4959-509: The party won 18 seats. In 1979, the AIADMK became the first Dravidian and regional party to join the Union Cabinet . Sathiavani Muthu and Aravinda Bala Pajanor were the members of parliament who joined the short-lived Union Ministry led by then- prime minister Charan Singh . The relationship between the AIADMK and the INC slowly became strained. In the 1980 general election ,
5046-527: The party won the election. M.G.R. returned to Tamil Nadu on 4 February 1985 following his recovery. He was sworn in as chief minister for the third time on 10 February 1985. Many political historians consider M.G.R.'s persona and charisma at this point in time to be "infallible" and a logical continuation of his on-screen "good lad" image, strengthened by his "mythical status" in the minds of the masses. M.G.R. continued to enjoy popular support in his third term until his death. He died on 24 December 1987, and became
5133-508: The party. Ramakrishna Hegde Jeevaraj Alva (1999) This article about an Indian political party is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . 1999 Indian general election Atal Bihari Vajpayee BJP Atal Bihari Vajpayee BJP General elections were held in India between 5 September and 3 October 1999, a few months after the Kargil War . Results were announced on 6 October 1999. The elections saw
5220-532: The party. Then Communist Party of India (CPI) state secretary M. Kalyanasundaram strongly backed M.G.R. and played a crucial role in shaping his political career by teaming up with the fledgling AIADMK. M.G.R. along with Kalyanasundaram, presented to the governor of Tamil Nadu , K. K. Shah , a charge against the Karunanidhi-led DMK government in November 1972. The party's first victories were
5307-491: The per capita income of residents to $ 10 thousand per annum, matching the Human Development Index to that of developed countries by 2023, providing high-quality infrastructure all over the state, and making Tamil Nadu the knowledge capital and innovation hub of India. This project had three components: the overall vision document, the compilation of the project profile, and the road map. In the spring of 2019,
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#17327832353515394-515: The policies of socialism and secularism based on the principles of C. N. Annadurai (Anna) collectively coined as Annaism by M.G.R. The party has won a seven-time majority in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly and has emerged as the most successful political outfit in the state's history. It is currently the main opposition party in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly. From 1 January 1988 to 5 December 2016,
5481-573: The portfolio of Finance. He also holds portfolios for housing, rural housing, housing development, the slum clearance board, accommodation control, town planning, urban development, and the Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority . A dual leadership system was amended in the constitution of the party by removing the designation of general secretary and constituting the new designations for the party's leadership. O. Panneerselvam and Edappadi K. Palaniswami became
5568-595: The post of Member of the Legislative Council (MLC) to Ramalingam. Later, M.G.R. prefixed the All India (AI) tag to the party's name to protect the party during the Maintenance of Internal Security Act (MISA). Since its inception, the relationship between the AIADMK and DMK has been marked by mutual contempt. M.G.R. used his fan club to build the party cadre; he claims his party recruited more than
5655-403: The presidium chairmen of the party. On 27 September 2014, Jayalalithaa was convicted in the disproportionate assets case by a Special Court along with her associates V. K. Sasikala , Ilavarasi, and V. N. Sudhakaran and sentenced to four years' simple imprisonment. Jayalalithaa was also fined ₹ 100 crore, and her associates were fined ₹ 10 crore each. The case had political implications as it
5742-497: The principles of Periyar E. V. Ramasamy , C. N. Annadurai , M. G. Ramachandran and J. Jayalalithaa . The AIADMK posted an array of welfare schemes targeting the human development index of the state. The AIADMK has schemes listed in the election manifestos covering segments of the population, including fishermen, farmers, and schoolchildren. Until the 2000s, the parties had welfare programmes such as maternity leave, subsidies for public transportation, and educational grants. After
5829-506: The proceedings in a disproportionate asset case that occurred during her previous tenure, Jayalalithaa was prevented from holding office. On 21 September 2001, O. Panneerselvam , a close confidant of Jayalalithaa, was appointed as the chief minister of Tamil Nadu for the first time. Once the Supreme Court of India overturned Jayalalithaa's conviction and sentence in the case, O. Panneerselvam resigned on 2 March 2002, and Jayalalithaa
5916-533: The public. The party remains firm in its support for the "two language policy", in opposition to demands to have Hindi as the sole lingua franca language, where Tamil and English are the two main languages of Tamil Nadu. The party provided ₹ 1 lakh (US$ 1,200) for temples of local deities in 2016. In 2012, the AIADMK Government announced the "Vision 2023" document, which embodied a strategic plan for infrastructure development that included raising
6003-412: The record of being the first non-Congress Prime Minister to serve a full five-year term. The decisive result also ended the political instability the country had seen since the 1996 elections that had resulted in a hung parliament. Although the Indian National Congress was able to increase its vote share, its 114 seat tally was considered to be its worst-ever performance in a general election in terms of
6090-431: The second chief minister in Tamil Nadu to die in office after Anna . Following M.G.R. 's death, his wife, actress-turned-politician V. N. Janaki Ramachandran , rose to the party's leadership with the support of R. M. Veerappan and 98 MLAs . On 1 January 1988, Jayalalithaa was elected general secretary of the AIADMK by the prominent members of her faction, and it was ratified by the party general council convened by her
6177-484: The state of Tamil Nadu and the union territory of Puducherry on its own. The party won an unprecedented 37 out of the 40 parliamentary constituencies it contested and emerged as the third largest party in the 16th Lok Sabha of the Indian Parliament . It was a massive victory that no other regional political party had ever achieved in the history of general elections. On 29 August 2014, J. Jayalalithaa
6264-438: The task force on 18 October 2004. However, despite the popular measures taken by the government, in the 2004 general election , the party, in alliance with the BJP again, lost all 40 Lok Sabha seats it contested. The Democratic Progressive Alliance (DPA), a DMK-led alliance consisting of all the major opposition parties in the state, swept the election. Later, in the 2006 assembly election , in spite of media speculations of
6351-410: The trustee of the memorial signing in the bank, the golden armor would be taken out and handed over to the incharge of the memorial every year between 28 and 30 October for Guru Pooja and Thevar Jayanthi , which is observed on 30 October of every year. The AIADMK's good electoral performance continued in the 2014 general election as well. It opted not to join any alliance and contested all seats in
6438-529: The wins of K. Maya Thevar in the Dindigul parliamentary bye-election in May 1973 and of C. Aranganayagam in the Coimbatore West assembly bye-election a year later. On 2 April 1973, the AIADMK emerged as the third-largest political party in Tamil Nadu, represented by 11 MLAs in the assembly. By January 1976, the AIADMK had emerged as the second-largest political party in Tamil Nadu, with 16 MLAs in
6525-461: Was accused of large-scale corruption, but Jayalalithaa held on to power for a full term of five years. In the 1996 assembly election , the AIADMK continued its alliance with the INC but suffered a massive rout, winning only 4 out of the 234 assembly seats, with even the party's general secretary Jayalalithaa losing in the Bargur constituency . The party lost the 1996 general election by losing all
6612-498: Was admitted to Apollo Hospital, Chennai , due to fever and dehydration. After a prolonged illness, she died on 5 December 2016, and became the third chief minister in Tamil Nadu to die in office after Anna and her mentor M.G.R. Under J. Jayalalithaa 's regime, the party spread beyond Tamil Nadu and Puducherry . It established state units in some other Indian states and union territories like Andaman and Nicobar Islands , Andhra Pradesh , Karnataka , Kerala , Maharashtra ,
6699-428: Was again sworn in as chief minister for the fifth time. In the 2016 assembly election , running without allies, she swept the polls, winning 135 out of 234 seats. It was the most audacious decision made by her for the spectacular victory that no other political leader had ever made in the history of Tamil Nadu . On 23 May 2016, Jayalalithaa was sworn in as chief minister for the sixth time. On 22 September 2016, she
6786-447: Was again sworn in as chief minister for the third time. Her second term was not marred by corruption scandals. She took many popular decisions, such as banning lottery tickets, restricting the liquor and sand quarrying businesses to government agencies, and banning tobacco product sales near schools and colleges. She encouraged women to join the state police force by setting up all women's police stations and commissioning 150 women into
6873-496: Was announced for the Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar constituency, which was vacated due to Jayalalithaa's death. But the election commission cancelled the bye-election after evidence of large-scale bribery by the ruling AIADMK (Amma) surfaced. On 17 April 2017, Delhi police registered a case against Dhinakaran, who was also the candidate for AIADMK (Amma) for the bye-election at Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar, regarding an allegation of attempting to bribe
6960-468: Was elected as the general secretary of the party for the 7th consecutive term, making her the longest-serving general secretary of the party to date. Earlier, she was elected as general secretary on 1 January 1988; 9 February 1989; 23 June 1993; 23 September 1998; 10 September 2003, and 10 September 2008. During her longest tenure as general secretary, V. R. Nedunchezhiyan , K. Kalimuthu , Pulamaipithan , C. Ponnaiyan , and E. Madhusudhanan served as
7047-602: Was formed with the merger of the Sharad Yadav faction of the Janata Dal , the Lok Shakti and the Samata Party . On 30 October 2003, the Samata Party led by George Fernandes and Nitish Kumar merged with the Janata Dal . The merged entity was called Janata Dal (United) with the arrow symbol of Janata Dal (United) and the green and white flag of the Samata Party . But Election Commission of India refused
7134-630: Was invalid. So he claims, "We are the real AIADMK, and 95% of its cadres are with us." On 12 September 2017, the AIADMK general council, which had earlier appointed her, cancelled V. K. Sasikala 's appointment as general secretary and officially expelled her from the party as a primary member. Earlier on 10 August 2017, T. T. V. Dhinakaran was sacked as deputy general secretary at the meeting headed by Edappadi K. Palaniswami at Puratchi Thalaivar M.G.R. Maaligai in Chennai. After completing her imprisonment at Bengaluru Central Prison , Sasikala filed
7221-469: Was not her forte. On 8 February 1989, then Chief Election Commissioner R. V. S. Peri Sastri granted the Two Leaves symbol to the united AIADMK led by Jayalalithaa. On 9 February 1989, the AIADMK, led by J. Jayalalithaa , became the main opposition party in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly, and she became the first female leader of the opposition in the assembly . In the 1989 general election ,
7308-559: Was one of two parties, along with the BJP , to not voice opposition against a ban on cattle slaughter through the national Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act . However, it has sought an exemption in the Act regarding traditional bull fighting; the party supports popular opinion in Tamil Nadu that traditional bull fighting, known as Jallikattu , should not be banned by the central government due to an APEX court ruling against animal cruelty. During
7395-410: Was set up as a breakaway faction from the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam after its president M. Karunanidhi expelled him from the party for demanding an account as the party treasurer. M.G.R., who wanted to start a new political party, then incorporated into Anakaputhur Ramalingam's party, which had registered under the name ADMK . He then quoted, "I joined the party started by an ordinary cadre" and gave
7482-532: Was the first time a ruling chief minister had to step down on account of a court sentence. Due to her resignation, O. Panneerselvam was sworn in as chief minister on 29 September 2014. Jayalalithaa was denied bail by the High Court and moved the Supreme Court for bail. The Supreme Court granted bail on 17 October 2014. On 11 May 2015, the High Court of Karnataka said she was acquitted from that case and
7569-475: Was widely hailed by political parties and farmer organizations. The AIADMK opposes the building of the Mekedatu Dam, which could reduce water flows into Tamil Nadu and negatively affect quality of life for residents and agriculture. The party was founded on 17 October 1972, as Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (ADMK) by M. G. Ramachandran (M.G.R.), a veteran Tamil film star and popular politician. It
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