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32-596: The London Brick Company , owned by Forterra plc , is a leading British manufacturer of bricks. The London Brick Company owes its origins to John Cathles Hill , a developer-architect who built houses in London and Peterborough . In 1889, Hill bought the small T.W. Hardy & Sons brickyard at Fletton in Peterborough, and the business was incorporated as the London Brick Company in 1900. "Fletton"

64-666: A generally positive view of the policies of the Reich government among workers and management of the company. The company's general director Otto Heuer had joined the NSDAP on 1 May 1933, and was a member of the Freundeskreis Reichsführer SS . During the Second World War , the cement industry was classified as essential to the war effort and initially experienced only minor restrictions in production. As

96-600: A major multinational operation. Since then, it has continued to expand, with complete buy out of CBR, and purchases in eastern Europe and Asia. A major step was the acquisition of Scancem in 1999, with operations in Northern Europe as well as Africa . Indocement in Indonesia was included in 2001. In May 2007, the British company Hanson was acquired, a transaction worth £7.85 billion (US$ 15.8 billion), which gave

128-479: A series of protests around the over-riding of the local authority's opposition to extend quarrying, by the Minister of Climate Change, Julie James . This successful appeal will allow a further 15.7 million tonnes of rock to be extracted for road surfacing and runways. The quarry operations will continue until 2047 and will come within 164 meters of schools and housing as well as destroying a community green space and

160-628: A significant amount of global emissions. Of all companies traded on the DAX , Heidelberg Materials was the second largest CO₂-emitter. For this reason, there have already been numerous protests by environmental groups, like Fridays For Future , Extinction Rebellion and Greenpeace . In August 2020, the local group "Wurzeln im Beton" ("Roots in Concrete") blocked the main entrance to the company's headquarters and in May 2021, its cement plant near Heidelberg

192-472: Is from today Heidelberg Materials: Materials with which we build the future. Heidelberg Materials Global Corporate Headquarters are located in Heidelberg , Germany. The company operates in over 50 countries/territories around the world including: As cement manufacturing is an extremely CO₂ intensive process , the cement industry is one of the main contributors to climate change, being responsible for

224-794: Is still a substantial community there. In addition to the Italian communities, workers from the Punjab region of India arrived in the 1950s and 1960s to work at the Stewartby brickworks, with 106 Pakistanis, 154 Indians and 46 West Indians working at the site by 1967. The majority of the Indians were from the Nawanshahr district of Punjab, and settled with their families in Bedford. A large number of Bangladeshi workers were continually recruited at

256-442: Is the generic name given to bricks made from lower Oxford clay which have a low fuel cost due to the carbonaceous content of the clay. Hill ran into financial difficulties and, in 1912, a receiver was appointed to run London Brick. Hill died in 1915, but after the receiver was discharged in 1919, Hill's son continued to run the company. The capital intensive Fletton brick industry suffered from substantial variations in demand. After

288-525: The First World War , amalgamations were proposed. In 1923, London Brick merged with Malcolm Stewart 's B.J. Forder, who, along with London Brick, was one of the four main groupings in the Fletton brick industry. The new company, for a while called L.B.C. & Forders, went on to acquire other brick firms in the end of the 1920s, giving it a dominant position in the Fletton brick industry. By 1931,

320-683: The Indian cement market with the acquisition of Mysore Cement. In 2013, the cement company CJSC Construction Materials based in the Russian Republic of Bashkortostan was acquired. On 1 July 2016, HeidelbergCement AG completed the acquisition of a 45% shareholding in Italcementi S.p.A. With the acquisition, HeidelbergCement became the number one producer of aggregates, the number two in cement and number three in ready mixed concrete worldwide. The company agreed to sell its assets in

352-715: The Israeli human rights organization Yesh Din filed a petition with the Israeli high court demanding a halt to mining activity in West Bank quarries, including Hanson Israel's Nahal Raba quarry. According to research of the ARD magazine "Panorama" on 2 September 2010, and the ARD Studios Tel Aviv, the minerals produced are brought to Israel without any benefit to the Palestinian communities. Palestinians from

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384-882: The Newton Longville and Jubilee works during the 1960s to 1980s. They lived as a close-knit community, predominantly in Duncombe Street, Bletchley. The company estimates that 5 million houses in the United Kingdom are built using Fletton brick. Forterra plc It was originally founded as a division of Hanson Plc . Forterra was formed as Hanson Building Products as the building products division of Hanson Plc . Acquisitions included The Butterley Company in 1968, London Brick in 1984, Red Bank Manufacturing Company and Marshalls Flooring in 2002, Marshalls Clay Products and Thermalite in 2005, and Formpave Holdings in 2006. In September 2007, Hanson

416-737: The United States for $ 660 million to Cementos Argos to fulfil anti-trust requirements for the takeover. The Heidelberg headquarters on Berliner Strasse , built in 1963, were demolished in 2017 and a larger new building was built on the same site by 2020 for around 100 million euros. Heidelberg has entered new important markets, including France and Italy in Europe, Egypt and Morocco in North Africa and Thailand in Southeast Asia . In Canada , India and Kazakhstan ,

448-532: The West Bank. In California, after 80 years of operations and more than 2,000 violations over a 10-year period the part Heidelberg-owned Leigh Cement factory and quarry announced in 2023 that it would shutdown. According to ABC7, the environmental advocacy non-profit Green Foothills claimed that the cement plant was the worst source of air pollution in the county of Santa Clara. In March 2024, residents of Glyncoch, near Pontypridd in South Wales, engaged in

480-692: The acquisition of a 45% shareholding in Italcementi . This acquisition made HeidelbergCement the number one producer of construction aggregates , the second-largest in cement and the third-largest in ready-mixed concrete worldwide. In the 2020 Forbes Global 2000 , HeidelbergCement was ranked as the 678th -largest public company in the world. The enlarged group has activities in over 50 countries with 51,000 employees working at almost 3,000 production sites. Heidelberg Materials operates around 130 cement plants with an annual cement capacity of around 170 million tonnes, around 1,300 ready-mixed concrete production sites, and just under 600 aggregates quarries. The company

512-711: The brick market stood at 1.5 billion, with Fletton brick accounting for less than 10 per cent. Many Italian families from the southern regions of Apulia and Campania came to Bedford in the 1950s to work in the Stewartby brickworks in Marston Vale, and Peterborough to work in the Fletton brickworks. As well as Bedford and Peterborough, many Italian families also settled in Bletchley to work in its Newton Longville factory. Although not as many Italians settled in Bletchley as they did in Bedford or Peterborough, there

544-1065: The company a stronger market position in the United Kingdom and the United States , and turned HeidelbergCement into the world's leading producer of aggregates. HeidelbergCement has (2010) 29 cement and grinding plants in Western and Northern Europe, 19 in Eastern Europe and Central Asia , 16 cement plants in North America, and 14 in Africa and the Mediterranean Basin . The company sold Maxit Group and its 35% share in Vicat Cement to help finance its acquisition of Hanson plc in August 2007. In most of

576-401: The company was making a billion bricks a year. In 1935, output exceeded 1.5 billion bricks, or 60 per cent of the Fletton brick industry output, and peak pre war output reached 1.75 billion bricks. During the post war housing boom, Fletton brick sales increased, reaching a peak in 1967. Brick sales then began to decline, and the company diversified. London Brick Landfill was formed, and it began

608-575: The expense of indigenous and peasants", the activists also appealed politically at Heidelberg Materials that a multinational "company should not invest in environmental destruction and human rights violations, in any country in the world." In September 2020, representatives of the local communities submitted a complaint to the German government. It alleges Heidelberg Materials' plans in the Kendeng mountains to threaten their livelihoods, water resources and

640-598: The firm produced more than 25 percent of all the bricks made in Britain that year. HeidelbergCement Heidelberg Materials is a German multinational building materials company headquartered in Heidelberg , Germany . Formerly known as HeidelbergCement AG, the company has rebranded as Heidelberg Materials in September 2022. It is a DAX corporation and stands as one of the world's largest building materials companies. On 1 July 2016, HeidelbergCement AG completed

672-528: The group's European countries, HeidelbergCement is the market leader in the cement business. Adolf Merckle was a big investor in HeidelbergCement. A capital increase in HeidelbergCement in September 2009, combined with a selling of shares from the Merckle family, opened up for other international owners and higher trading volumes on the stock exchanges. In August 2006, HeidelbergCement AG entered

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704-737: The local ecosystem as well as sites sacred to local Indigenous Samin communities. As a member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ), Germany maintains a National Contact Point that addresses complaints against German companies for overseas violations of the OECD Guidelines on Multinational Enterprises. The guidelines contain standards on human rights and the environment. In Israeli occupied West Bank Heidelberg Materials' wholly owned subsidiary Hanson Israel manufactures ready-made cement, aggregates and asphalt for Israel's construction industry. In March 2009,

736-469: The planned construction of a controversial cement plant on the Indonesian island of Java through its subsidiary " Indocement ". The objective is the exploitation of the Kendeng mountains against the resistance of the people living there. In addition to the destruction of the complex ecological system, the construction also has created the marginalization of partially indigenous living inhabitants of

768-600: The region to follow. In this region, the indigenous known as Sedulur Kendeng are protesting against the planned mining operation of PT Semen Indonesia, a state owned enterprise. In March 2017, 50 protestors poured concrete over their feet in front of the Presidential Palace in Jakarta . This is the second time this has occurred in eleven months. In addition to the protest against the factory building and its ecological consequences as "misconceived 'development' at

800-539: The takeover further strengthens the existing market presence of HeidelbergCement. The enlarged group is active in around sixty countries, with 60,000 employees working at 3,000 production sites. Heidelberg Materials operates around 130 cement plants with an annual cement capacity of around 170 million tonnes, around 1,300 ready-mixed concrete production sites, and just under 600 aggregates quarries. On December 21, 2023 in Kakanj opened their doors: The Kakanj cement factory

832-577: The tipping of household and industrial refuse into the old clay pits in the Marston Vale area. London Brick Landfill was merged into Shanks Group in 1988. Between 1968 and 1971, The London Brick Company also bought its three remaining Fletton brick competitors, including the Marston Valley Brick Company, giving it a total monopoly in the Fletton brick market. In 1973, its brick sales totalled 2.88 billion, or 43 per cent of

864-473: The total brick market. In 1984, the company was acquired by Hanson plc . In February 2008, Hanson closed brickmaking operations at Stewartby in Marston Vale owing to problems with meeting sulphur emission regulations in the United Kingdom, even though it met the EU regulations. Production of Fletton brick is now concentrated at Peterborough, while the Marston Vale site is being redeveloped for housing. As of 2010,

896-580: The village of az-Zawiya in the immediate vicinity of the quarry lay claim to the land. The Israeli Supreme Court rejected the petition from Yesh Din in December 2011. In September the largest Danish pension fund, PFA Pension (Da), divested from Heidelberg Materials due to "Violation of basic human rights, which conflicts with UN Global Compact principles 1 and 2." In October 2017, Danish pension firm Sampension added Heidelberg Cement to its blacklist, because it operates an asphalt factory and quarry in

928-595: The war progressed, prisoners of war and forced labourers were used in numerous plants; according to the company, the number of people affected is estimated at 1,000. Activities abroad began with the acquisition of part of Vicat Cement, France . Shipments reached 8.3 million tonnes in 1972. In 1977, a massive program of purchases in North America began with the acquisition of Lehigh Cement. In 1990, expansion in eastern Europe began. In 1993, it acquired part of SA Cimenteries CBR of Belgium , which already had

960-585: Was acquired by HeidelbergCement , who in March 2015 sold the company and Hanson’s North American building products business to Lone Star Funds . In October 2015, Hanson Building Products was rebranded as Forterra plc. It was first listed on the London Stock Exchange in April 2016. Forterra's brands include Cradley, Ecostock, Formpave, Jetfloor, London Brick and Thermalite blocks. During 2018,

992-485: Was blocked by the local Extinction Rebellion chapter. By 2024, despite reduction of the DAX total, and Heidelberg's emissions in particular, Heidelberg was the largest emitter in the DAX, cement manufacture emissions being particularly difficult to reduce. Nevertheless Heidelberg still plans to be net zero by 2030, and expects its first under-construction carbon capture, usage and storage facility to come online in 2025. Heidelberg Materials has been heavily involved in

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1024-497: Was founded on 5 June 1874 by Johann Philipp Schifferdecker, at Heidelberg , Baden-Württemberg , Germany . It was making 80,000 tonnes per annum of Portland cement in 1896. It acquired numerous other small companies from 1914 onwards, and by 1936, it was making one million tonnes per annum. Following the Nazi seizure of power in 1933 , the cement industry profited massively from state-run construction and armaments projects, leading to

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