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92-660: The initiative has been credited by Ofsted and others for a significant improvement in London's state education system. More recent studies have identified the London Challenge as one factor in several that contributed to significant enhancements in pupil outcomes. The London Challenge programme was initially aimed at secondary schools and was intended to run until 2008. However, it was subsequently extended until 2011, and expanded to include primary schools , and two additional City Challenge areas; Greater Manchester and

184-519: A 50 to 57 hour week. Geoff Barton, the general secretary of the Association of School and College Leaders , said "Ofsted and the government are the source of much of the stress and anxiety on staff through an extremely high-pressure accountability system." On 8 January 2023, Ruth Perry, head at Caversham Primary School in Reading, Berkshire , took her own life while waiting for the publication of

276-542: A Section 8 to confirm a Good School's continual status, they may extend the inspection by one day so converting it into a Section 5 in order to grade the school outstanding. Section 8 of the Education Act 2005 (as amended) gives the Secretary of State the legal authority to request His Majesty's Chief Inspector (HMCI) to enter a school for the purpose of obtaining information. Section 8 Inspections cannot change

368-504: A bespoke intervention programmes. The cost of the support and the services brokered by the adviser came directly from the DfE. In some areas school improvement services were outsourced to consultants, though from 2007 specialist services to the Keys to Success schools were supplied by a single education consultancy company under a Challenge Service Contract . School to school peer support was also

460-604: A bridge between radicalism and the liberal establishment." According to Emory University historian Harvey Klehr , writing in 1988, the IPS served "as an intellectual nerve center for the radical movement." Two decades after its start, co-founder Marcus Raskin commented the IPS "had an extraordinary conceit. We were going to speak truth to power." A 2022 report by the Capital Research Center , "Institute for Policy Studies: The Left's Original Think Tank", stated that

552-540: A case where a school had been downgraded: We couldn't understand this rationale at all. It turned out that Ofsted had made a brief visit to the school some time before the inspection and had come up with some sort of unreported provisional judgement. So all that evidence we had gathered meant nothing and essentially this team of experienced inspectors was not trusted to make a judgement. Barton concluded his article, "the accounts above reveal an inspection system that appears in too many cases to be doing great damage. My sense

644-564: A feature of the London Challenge programme. Some particularly successful schools were awarded Teaching School status, giving them the remit and opportunity to support other schools in their local community. Another initiative was the annual "Families of Schools" report which grouped all of London's state schools into numbered families with other similar schools. This was aimed at middle and senior leaders in schools, allowing them to compare their performance with their peer schools and to share best practice on improvement initiatives, although there

736-409: A follow up qualitative study by The Centre for Education and Youth which compared school cultures and practices of schools inside and outside of London. The study concluded that although there were some distinctive cultures and practices in high-performing schools in the capital, these were unlikely to be "necessary or sufficient conditions" for the ‘London Effect’. In November 2020 another study for

828-412: A neutral or negative impact on students' results. In response to criticisms about the increased workload inspection frameworks caused, Ofsted pledged it would not change its inspection framework during the school year. Wilshaw also dismissed speculation that Ofsted itself was responsible for teachers' heavy workload (in excess of 60 hours per week) describing it as 'a red herring'. However, a 2015 poll by

920-482: A reduction from 19% to 9% in the number of schools judged to be Outstanding, and an increase from 4% to 10% in the number of schools judged to be Inadequate. A framework for section 5 inspections of academies and maintained schools was introduced from January 2012, and replaced with another new framework in September 2012. Public consultation was undertaken, and Ofsted prepared for the new framework after piloting

1012-610: A report on the school on its website. In addition to written comments on a number of areas, schools were assessed on each area and overall on a 4-point scale: 1 (Outstanding), 2 (Good), 3 (Satisfactory) and 4 (Inadequate). Schools rated Outstanding or Good might not be inspected again for five years, while schools judged less favourably were inspected more frequently, and might receive little or no notice of inspection visits. Figures published in March 2010 showed that revised inspection criteria, which were introduced in September 2009, resulted in

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1104-586: A report that downgraded her school from outstanding to inadequate. Perry's family said she had described the previous November's inspection as the worst day of her life. The National Education Union, school leaders' union NAHT and the Association of School and College Leaders called for inspections to be halted, and a petition calling for an enquiry into the inspection received more than 230,000 signatures. HM Chief Inspector of Education, Children's Services and Skills (the head of Ofsted), Amanda Spielman , rejected

1196-428: A schools allocated designation but can trigger a Section 5 Inspection where that might happen. They are used in three ways: This is followed by : Inspection judgements form the body of the report. For each heading, eight or more critical paragraphs, at the inspectors discretion, are written that support the grade given. The two principal strands that are being examined are the effectiveness of safeguarding of

1288-570: A series of inspections across the country. Among other changes, the new system relabelled the "Satisfactory" category as "Requires Improvement", with an expectation that schools should not remain at that level. In 2015 they published a Common Inspection Framework, and four handbooks which gave much of the details of inspections. These are no longer/not statutory documents so can be changed regularly. The four handbooks are: A new Education Inspection Framework (EIF) introduced from September 2019 sets out how Ofsted undertakes inspections under section 5 of

1380-474: A significant women's liberation conference in 1966 and later launched Quest: A Feminist Quarterly , a feminist journal. Rita Mae Brown wrote and published her notable lesbian coming-of-age novel , Rubyfruit Jungle , while on the staff in the 1970s. IPS also organized congressional seminars and published numerous books that challenged the national security state, including Gar Alperovitz 's Atomic Diplomacy and Barnet's Intervention and Revolution . IPS

1472-553: A strong interest in the success of the London Challenge and its legacy. Ofsted The Office for Standards in Education, Children's Services and Skills ( Ofsted ) is a non-ministerial department of His Majesty's government , reporting to Parliament . Ofsted's role is to make sure that organisations providing education, training and childcare services in England do so to a high standard for children and students. Ofsted

1564-453: A system that existed until 2005. This system was based on schools being inspected by teams containing three types of inspector. Each team was led by a 'registered' inspector. They were accompanied by a number of 'team' inspectors, the number of which depended on the size of the school. Each team also contained 'lay' inspector recruited from outside the world of education. In September 2005 the distinction between registered, team and lay inspectors

1656-517: A variety of causes, ranging from nuclear and anti-intervention issues to support for Marxist insurgencies. IPS brings together activists and academics and provides a place where they can mingle with congressmen and other policymakers and public figures". In the early 1990s, the IPS began monitoring the environmental impacts of US trade, investment, and drug policies. In 1994, it published the first annual "Executive Excess" report, examining compensation for top level executives and its impacts. During

1748-536: A whole. A subsequent report in 2010 corroborated those findings, finding that the "London Challenge has continued to improve outcomes for pupils in London’s primary and secondary schools at a faster rate than nationally. London’s secondary schools continue to perform better than those in the rest of England". A Government commissioned report from the Institute for Policy Studies in Education , published in 2012, evaluated

1840-571: Is an American progressive think tank , formed in 1963 and based in Washington, D.C. It was directed by John Cavanagh from 1998 to 2021. In 2021, Tope Folarin assumed the position of executive director. IPS focuses on US foreign policy, domestic policy, human rights, international economics, and national security. IPS has been described as one of the five major independent think tanks in Washington during its first decades. Members of

1932-689: Is called a 'full report' and administered under section 5 of the 2005 Education Act , while a monitoring visit is conducted under the authority given by section 8 of the 2005 Education Act and can also be called an Ofsted section 8 inspection . In 1833, Parliament agreed an annual grant to the National Society for Promoting Religious Education and the British and Foreign School Society , which respectively provided Church of England and non-denominational elementary schools for poor children. In 1837, two inspectors of schools, Seymour Tremenheere and

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2024-586: Is no evidence that the resource was widely used for those purposes. In fact, it was published so late that its impact was diminished. The London Challenge incorporated the 14-19 Pathfinders initiative which aimed to define and develop improved "learning pathways" for students in this age group. For schools that needed support beyond the classroom, the Extended School concept was introduced, creating hubs for services to be offered directly to students and their families. The London Challenge also introduced

2116-459: Is responsible for inspecting a range of educational institutions, including state schools and some independent schools. It also inspects childcare, adoption and fostering agencies and initial teacher training, and regulates early years childcare facilities and children's social care services. The chief inspector ("HMCI") is appointed by an Order in Council and thus becomes an office holder under

2208-480: Is that it's time to stop quietly accepting that the way Ofsted is the way Ofsted should be." In response, Wilshaw attacked Barton for being "too quick to perpetuate a 'them against us' view of the schools inspectorate... we fall back on a 'clichéd defence-mechanism' of whingeing about inconsistency", and insisted that Ofsted was becoming "more rigorous and demanding". However, Barton argued the letter lost some of its force and all of its credibility for being published on

2300-527: The 2020 US election cycle, Bernie Sanders used IPS research in his campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination. A number of his wealth inequality arguments were based on a 2017 IPS research paper. According to The Nation , "Sanders gets some of his sharpest talking points about inequality from the Institute for Policy Studies, a more radical outfit that is usually ignored by the mainstream of

2392-556: The Association of Teachers and Lecturers (ATL) which said "Ofsted is over-reliant on number crunching, using test data which are fundamentally unsound" and added that the organisation was "ripe for overhaul". Over a period of several years the Select Committee had questioned the Chief Inspector over its treatment of Summerhill School and what it had learnt from the 1999 Court Case and subsequent inspections. In

2484-648: The Black Country . In 2002 the British Government created a new set of policies focusing on London's state secondary schools, which were at that time performing poorly in comparison to the rest of the country. The policies were collectively known as the London Challenge and their objectives were: The London Challenge depended on close cooperation with Local Authorities , and in particular five Key Areas were singled out for close attention, Tower Hamlets, Newham, Lewisham, Hackney, Westminster. One of

2576-599: The Department for Education (DfE) by researchers from Kantar Group and the DfE used data from the Longitudinal Study of Young People in England to analyse drivers of the London effect. The study once again questioned the role of London Challenge by showing limited school effects on attainment, instead concluding that the London effect could largely be explained by 'Agency Factors' such as parental aspirations and expectations. The UK's national media has shown

2668-637: The Education and Skills Act 2008 , the Education and Inspections Act 2006 and the Childcare Act 2006 . The current Chief Inspector is Sir Martyn Oliver , who was appointed in January 2024 replacing Amanda Spielman . Ofsted directly employs His Majesty's Inspectors (HMI), who are appointed by the King in Council. As of July 2009 , there were 443 HMIs, of whom 82 were engaged in management, 245 in

2760-531: The Free South Africa Movement , which organized a year-long series of demonstrations that led to the imposition of US sanctions. In 1987, S. Steven Powell published his non-fiction Covert Cadre: Inside the Institute for Policy Studies, in which he provided "by far the single most compendious collection of facts about IPS that anyone has yet compiled", according to a lengthy critical review by Joshua Muravchik . In 1986, after six years of

2852-593: The Health Policy Advisory Center , which began publishing the Health/Pac Bulletin . The Bulletin 's broad audience included "radicalized medical students and physicians and neighborhood activists" and "nervous health administrators at powerful medical centers pilloried in each issue"; it became a bimonthly until its closure in 1994. The IPS was also at the forefront of the feminist movement . Fellow Charlotte Bunch organized

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2944-528: The NUT found that 53% of teachers were planning to leave teaching by 2017, with the extra workload from Ofsted's 'accountability agenda' a key factor in seeking a job with a better work/life balance. The Ofsted complaints procedure has also been heavily criticised for opacity and a strong bias in favour of the inspectors. Geoff Barton, after writing an article strongly critical of Ofsted's use of raw data rather than inspection reports to determine grades, noted that:

3036-770: The National Priorities Project , focused on the US federal budget and spending "that prioritizes peace, economic opportunity, and shared prosperity for all"; the New Internationalism project, working to "end wars and militarism, with a focus on U.S. policy"; and the Program on Inequality and the Common Good, addressing income inequality and "extreme wealth concentration". IPS operates as a 501(c)(3) nonprofit . Start-up funding came mostly from

3128-509: The Reagan administration , Sidney Blumenthal noted, "Ironically, as IPS has declined in Washington influence, its stature has grown in conservative demonology. In the Reagan era, the institute has loomed as a right-wing obsession and received most of its publicity by serving as a target." Conservative think tanks American Enterprise Institute and The Heritage Foundation described the IPS as

3220-812: The Stern Family Fund (which was in large part endowed by the estate of Sears, Roebuck & Co. chairman Julius Rosenwald ). During the 1960s, significant financial supporters included Sears heir, Philip Stern, the Ford Foundation , the D.J. Bernstein Foundation, the EDO Foundation, the Carnegie Corporation of New York , banker James Warburg , and the Field Foundation . During the 1970s and 1980s, much of

3312-607: The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee on the links between civil rights theory and practice, while Ivanhoe Donaldson initiated an assembly of black government officials. Co-writer of the Port Huron Statement at Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) and civil rights veteran, IPS Fellow Robb Burlage launched the critical health care justice movement in 1967 with his "Burlage Report". The next year, Burlage founded

3404-531: The Teach First initiative to encourage highly academic graduates into the teaching profession. In 2008 the Government announced an expansion of the London Challenge to include primary schools, and the programme was extended until 2011. The 2008 extension of the London Challenge initiative also expanded it to include two new geographical areas – Greater Manchester and the Black Country . The programme

3496-554: The car bomb attack was Orlando Letelier , a former Chilean government minister and ambassador to the United States, one of Pinochet's most outspoken critics and the head of the Transnational Institute. Ronni Karpen Moffitt , a 25-year-old IPS development associate, was also killed. The IPS hosts an annual human rights award in the names of Letelier and Moffitt to honor them while celebrating new heroes of

3588-471: The "central nervous system" of the school – examining how well the school was managed, and what processes were in place to ensure standards improve; the school leadership and management were expected to be aware of everything in the SEF. The SEF served as the main document when planning the inspection, and was crucial in evaluating the school's capacity to improve. After an inspection of a school, Ofsted published

3680-546: The "far left" or "radical left" of the late 1980s, In a mid-80s essay in the journal World Affairs , author Joshua Muravchik coined "communophilism" – an "eclectic and undisciplined" sympathy to communist movements and governments, "virulently anti capitalist and virulently critical of the capitalist democracies of the West" – to describe the IPS. In his 1988 book Far Left of Center: The American Radical Left Today, historian Klehr wrote: "[it provides] sustenance and support for

3772-540: The 1960s , the opposition to US involvement in the Vietnam War , and the civil rights movement , the IPS "became a brand name for its unabashedly left-wing tone", in contrast with RAND and the largely conservative think tanks . Members of these movements came to IPS headquarters in Washington, D.C. 's Dupont Circle . In a 2009 interview, Raskin said, "Very quickly, with the Vietnam war, the civil rights movement,

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3864-713: The 2000s, the IPS strongly opposed the George W. Bush administration 's actions during the "war on terror ", and argued against the US invasion of Afghanistan after 9/11 . In recent years, the IPS has been critical of US foreign policy in the Middle East , particularly in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict . Currently, its main focus is in five areas: economic inequality, race and gender considerations, climate change, foreign policy, and leadership development. During

3956-601: The Court Agreement between DfE and Summerhill School, Independent Schools Tribunal IST/59, inspections would include two advisors from the school and one from the DfE to ensure the fairness of the process. The school had campaigned for all schools to be similarly inspected, ensuring openness and accountability for the process. In August 2013, 18 of the 24 newly launched Free Schools were graded Good or Outstanding by Ofsted; however, with over 100 state schools being downgraded from an Outstanding classification that year,

4048-514: The Crown. Sir Martyn Oliver has been HMCI since 2024 ; since August 2020 the chair of Ofsted has been Christine Ryan : her predecessors include Julius Weinberg and David Hoare. Ofsted publish reports on the quality of education and management at a particular school and organisation on a regular basis. His Majesty's Inspectors (HMI) rank schools based on information gathered in inspections which they undertake. An Ofsted section 5 inspection

4140-522: The Day care Standards provisions of the 1989 Children Act . Schedule 11 of the Education and Inspections Act 2006 changed the way in which Ofsted works without significantly changing the provision. Since 2006 the structure of Ofsted has derived elements from business models, with a chair, an executive board, regional officers, and a formal annual report to Parliament in the light of concerns about schools, and local authority children's services. In April 2007,

4232-636: The Democratic Party." As of 2024, the IPS supports a number of independent projects, among them: Foreign Policy in Focus, a virtual think tank that seeks "to make the United States a more responsible global partner"; the Global Economy Program, aiming to "speed the transition to an equitable and sustainable economy while reversing today's extreme levels of economic and racial inequality and excessive corporate and Wall Street power";

4324-480: The Education Act 2005 (as amended), section 109 of the Education and Skills Act 2008, the Education and Inspections Act 2006 and the Childcare Act 2006. A Section 5 is also known as a full inspection; a section 8 is also called a monitoring visit. When the inspectors find serious causes for concern, they may extend the section 8 so it becomes a section 5 with the additional legal powers. Similarly, when using

4416-646: The Education and Training Inspectorate in Northern Ireland, Education Scotland (previously HM Inspectorate of Education ) in Scotland, and Estyn in Wales perform similar functions within their education systems. A new Education Inspection Framework (EIF) introduced from September 2019 sets out how Ofsted undertakes inspections under section 5 of the Education Act 2005 (as amended), section 109 of

4508-533: The IPS at present "probably doesn't make the shortlist of finalists for most influential left-of-center think tank in the country", compared to the Center for American Progress , the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities , or the Urban Institute , but "if one stretches the timeline back far enough", the IPS can be seen as a member of that group. The IPS was founded in 1963 by Raskin and Richard Barnet as

4600-494: The IPS played key roles in the civil rights and anti-war movements of the 1960s, in the women's and environmental movements of the 1970s, and in the peace , anti-apartheid , and anti-intervention movements of the 1980s. The IPS has come to be seen as an institutional outgrowth of the New Left movement of the 1960s and 1970s. In 1981, political scholar Joshua Muravchik wrote that its "genius" lay in how it acted "as

4692-494: The Keys to Success schools to provide tailored help. The advisers were supported by an administrative team in the Department for Education (DfE). They worked closely with experienced education professionals, appointed by the DfE, known as National Leaders of Education (NLE) or Local Leaders of Education (LLE) , as well as local authority appointed School Improvement Partners (SIP) and other local authority officers to develop

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4784-575: The Ofsted complaints procedure too often seems constructed around a deep and dutiful need for self-protection. Thus an inspection system that demands transparency from schools refuses to release its own inspection notes, When challenged, it dares us to resort to a Freedom of Information request and then rejects those same requests because they don't conform to a definition of "public interest". In 2015, an inspector revealed that inspection judgements can be arbitrarily over-ruled by senior figures, commenting on

4876-685: The Reverend John Allen, were appointed to monitor the effectiveness of the grant. James Kay-Shuttleworth , then Secretary of the Privy Council 's Education Committee, ensured that the inspectors were appointed by Order in Council to guard their independence. The grant and inspection system was extended in 1847 to Roman Catholic elementary schools established by the Catholic Poor School Committee . Inspectors were organised on denominational lines, with

4968-633: The SANE/Freeze campaign. The IPS also became heavily involved in supporting the movement against US intervention in Central America. IPS Director Robert Borosage and other staff helped draft Changing Course: Blueprint for Peace in Central America and the Caribbean , which was used by hundreds of schools, labor unions, churches, and citizen organizations as a challenge to US policy in the region. In 1985, Fellow Roger Wilkins helped found

5060-442: The benefit of schools, parents, and government instead of reporting to the Secretary of State. In September 2001, HM Chief Inspector of Schools in England became responsible for registration and inspection of day care and childminding in England, and the position was renamed HM Chief Inspector of Education, Children's Services and Skills . Previously this was done by 150 local authorities , based on their implementation by 1992 of

5152-598: The calls to halt Ofsted inspections. As a reaction to the news of Perry's death, heads at some schools have worn black armbands during inspections or removed references to Ofsted from their websites. On 25 March 2023, research carried out by the Hazards Campaign and the University of Leeds as reported in The Observer , stated that "Stress caused by Ofsted inspections was cited in coroners' reports on

5244-432: The churches having a say in the choice of inspectors, until 1876, when the inspectorate was reorganised by area. After the Education Act 1902 , inspections were expanded to state-funded secondary schools along similar lines. Over time more inspections were carried out by inspectors based in local education authorities , with His Majesty's Inspectorate (HMI) focusing on reporting to the Secretary of State on education across

5336-510: The consistency of Ofsted grading was once again brought into question, leading to numerous 'How to get a Good Ofsted' guides being created. A 2014 report by the think tank Policy Exchange indicated that many Ofsted inspectors lack the knowledge required to make fair judgements of lessons and that judgements are so unreliable, "you would be better off flipping a coin". A 2014 poll of teachers, carried out by Teacher Support Network , revealed that over 90% of teachers felt Ofsted inspections had

5428-515: The contracts with the RISPs who are no more. 40% of additional inspectors who wanted to continue working for Ofsted were not re-hired after the contractual change. Although Ofsted insisted that this was part of a quality control process and "should not be seen as an admission that its inspections were substandard", serving headteacher and Times Educational Supplement columnist Geoff Barton commented "dispensing with almost 40 per cent of inspectors on

5520-460: The country. The government of John Major , concerned about variable local inspection regimes, decided to introduce a national scheme of inspections through a reconstituted HMI, which became known as the Office for Standards in Education (Ofsted). Under the Education (Schools) Act 1992 , HMI would supervise the inspection of each state-funded school in the country, and would publish its reports for

5612-423: The day 40% of inspectors were sacked for not being up to the job. In 2019, Ofsted commissioned a survey on teachers' wellbeing. The Guardian reported that "Teachers said they spent less than half their time in the classroom, with the bulk of their hours spent on marking, planning and administration, including data entry and feedback required by school management to prepare for Ofsted inspections." Teachers worked

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5704-456: The deaths of 10 teachers over the past 25 years". In 2015 headteacher Carol Woodward killed herself following an Ofsed Inspection that downgraded her school to inadequate, and in 2013 headteacher Helen Mann hanged herself when Ofsted advised that her plans to transform the curriculum were not happening quickly enough and her school would lose its top level rating. Institute for Policy Studies The Institute for Policy Studies ( IPS )

5796-470: The distinctive features of London Challenge was a focus on partnership and shared purpose between schools, whilst avoiding stigmatising schools through the use of negative language. The term "Keys to Success" was used to identify those schools that would require the most intensive intervention. A series of "sector led" support mechanisms were put in place. Independent, experienced education experts, known as London Challenge Advisers , were appointed to each of

5888-686: The following: Ofsted is one of the partner inspectorates contributing to joint targeted area inspections (JTAIs), along with the Care Quality Commission (CQC) and HM Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire and Rescue Services . There are two types of JTAI: Ofsted was criticised as 'not fit for purpose' in 2007 by the House of Commons Education Select Committee. The committee also highlighted their concern about "the complex set of objectives and sectors that Ofsted now spans and its capacity to fulfil its core mission". Other criticism came from

5980-575: The former Office for Standards in Education merged with the Adult Learning Inspectorate (ALI) to provide an inspection service that includes all post-16 government funded education (but not Higher Education Institutes and Universities which are inspected by the Quality Assurance Agency ). At the same time it took on responsibility for the registration and inspection of social care services for children, and

6072-451: The grounds of quality is hardly an endorsement of standards." An HMI accompanies an Ofsted inspector on a sample of inspections, including 75% of those of secondary schools. Reports produced by RISPs must be checked and signed off by HMI, sometimes with amendments, before publication. New Additional Inspectors must be monitored and signed off by HMI before working independently. The number of RISPs contracted to conduct school inspections

6164-698: The human rights movement from the US and elsewhere in the Americas. The award recipients receive the Letelier-Moffitt Human Rights Award . In 1977, IPS created the Government Accountability Project (GAP), a nonprofit whistleblower protection and advocacy organization. According to GAP, it was formed "in response to several whistleblowers, such as Daniel Ellsberg, who came to IPS about White House, FBI and Pentagon scandals". In its attention to

6256-583: The improvements to "flourish". The success was instead attributed to a focus on the teaching workforce and on the widespread and sustained availability of support built on ambitious expectations coupled with a willingness to intervene in response to low standards. The authors argued that these approaches were exemplified within four programmes: London Challenge, Teach First , the academies programme and improved support from local authorities. Together, these initiatives were said to have established an ecosystem of collaboration and "effective leadership at every level of

6348-399: The inspection of schools, and the rest in the inspection of other areas for which Ofsted in responsible. All HMIs inspecting schools have teaching experience. When Ofsted was created the original plan was that inspectors would not be drawn from education. the plan was to give parents an independent review of a school untainted by the education establishment. This plan was quickly replaced by

6440-503: The institute created an Organizing Committee for the Fifth Estate as part of its Center for National Security Studies which published the magazine CounterSpy until 1984. That year, the Transnational Institute (TNI), a progressive think tank based in Amsterdam , was established as the IPS's international program, later becoming an independent non-profit. In 1976, agents of Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet assassinated two IPS staff members on Washington's Embassy Row . The target of

6532-461: The outcomes of the City Challenge programme and, retrospectively the London Challenge Programme. It found that the majority of the initial targets were achieved, and while acknowledging the backdrop of wider educational initiatives concluded that the "most plausible explanation for the greater improvement in Challenge areas is that the City Challenge programme was responsible". A report from the Joseph Rowntree Foundation in 2014 concluded that "during

6624-442: The overall quality of education and training. Inspection reports provides important information to parents, carers, learners and employers about the quality of education, training and care. These groups should be able to make informed choices based on the information published in inspection reports. Ofsted monitors standards in schools, and tells schools what they are doing right and what they must do to improve. Before 2005 each school

6716-510: The paper concluded that "for other measures of attainment, the London premium is halved but remains significant." A subsequent report by the Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion at the LSE demonstrated that most of the London effect could be accounted for by the improved performance in London primary schools, that there had not been any significant difference in the ethnic composition in London over

6808-465: The period of the London Challenge, secondary school performance in London saw a dramatic improvement, and local authorities in inner London went from the worst performing to the best performing nationally." However they noted the difficulty of isolating the specific effect of the London Challenge against a wider background of education policy changes. The report's assessment of the City Challenge

6900-567: The reported success of London schools during the period of the London Challenge was published by the CfBT Education Trust , The Centre for Education and Youth (then known as LKMco) and The Centre for London . This concluded that success was unlikely to be explained by contextual advantages such as gentrification, ethnicity and opportunity. Nor could success be fully attributed to resourcing factors such as finance, teacher recruitment and school building quality, although these did help

6992-486: The role of multinational corporations , the IPS was an early critic of what has come to be called globalization . Barnet's 1974 examination of the power of multinational corporations , Global Reach: The Power of the Multinational Corporations (co-written with Ronald E. Muller), appeared even as the concept of multinationals was being academically defined. In the 1980s, Raskin served as chair of

7084-412: The school is no longer deemed to be failing. Furthermore, the senior managers and teaching staff can be dismissed and the governing body may be replaced by an appointed Interim Executive Board (IEB). Schools which are failing but where inspectors consider there is capacity to improve are given a Notice to Improve (NtI). Ofsted, as of April 2015, was issuing new guidance to inspectors which will include

7176-492: The students and the impact of governance and management. Inspectors make graded judgements on the following areas: A school is placed into special measures if it is judged as 'inadequate' (Grade 4) in one or more areas and if the inspectors have decided it does not have the capacity to improve without additional help. Schools placed into special measures receive intensive support from local authorities, additional funding and resourcing, and frequent reappraisal from Ofsted until

7268-448: The system." The investigation's conclusions have since been thrown into question by subsequent studies and one of the report's co-authors has written a number of commentaries on developments in the evidence base. Later in 2014, research from the University of Bristol largely attributed London's improvements in pupil progress over the London Challenge period to ethnic composition rather than specific Government interventions. Nevertheless,

7360-458: The think tank for "the most powerful of the powerless". The founders were officials in the John F. Kennedy administration – Raskin, then in his twenties, was working as a White House aide for McGeorge Bundy , and Barnet served in a similar role to John J. McCloy . They had become disillusioned by priorities based on politics rather than moral issues. Against the backdrop of the counterculture of

7452-494: The timeframe studied, and that the improved performance in primaries certainly coincided with the introduction of the National Literacy Strategies, though why they might have had more impact in London than elsewhere wasn't certain. The report is called Understanding the improved performance of disadvantaged pupils in London, and can be found online. In August 2018 the Department for Education published

7544-486: The welfare inspection of independent and maintained boarding schools from the Commission for Social Care Inspection (CSCI). The services Ofsted inspects or regulates include local services, childminding , child day care , children's centres, children's social care, CAFCASS , state schools , private schools and teacher training providers, colleges , and learning and skills providers in England. It also monitors

7636-535: The women's movement, the institute became a place where different people from the movements came. People came in from demonstrations [and] camped out in the offices." According to Raskin, "Early on [the IPS] had predicted that Vietnam would be a disaster." During the presidency of Lyndon Johnson , Raskin was indicted by the federal government for the 1965 publication of "tens of thousands of copies of an IPS anti-war Vietnam Reader"—a kind of textbook for anti-war teach-ins. He

7728-607: The work of the Independent Schools Inspectorate . HMI are empowered and required to provide independent advice to the United Kingdom government and parliament on matters of policy and to publish an annual report to parliament on the quality of educational provision in England . Ofsted distributes its functions amongst its offices in London, Manchester, Nottingham, Birmingham, Cambridge, York, Darlington and Bristol. Ofsted covers only England;

7820-481: Was charged with encouraging people to resist the draft . In 1967, Raskin and IPS Fellow Arthur Waskow penned "A Call to Resist Illegitimate Authority", a document signed by dozens of scholars and religious leaders which helped to launch the draft resistance movement. In 1964, several leading black activists joined the institute's staff and made IPS into a base for supporting the civil rights movement . Fellow Bob Moses organized trainings for field organizers of

7912-423: Was forced to admit that it had done no quality control checks on these inspectors, and that a few of them – including lead inspectors – were not qualified teachers as prior to 2005 they had been 'lay' inspectors. In 2015, the chief inspector (Sir Michael Wilshall) decided that he wanted more direct control over Ofsted inspectors brought responsibility for their training, deployment and quality 'in-house' and abolished

8004-501: Was inspected for a week every six years, with two months' notice to prepare for an inspection. In September 2005 a new system of short-notice inspections came into being. Under this system the senior leadership of each school were strongly encouraged to complete a Self Evaluation Form (SEF) on a continual basis, which required them to be aware of strengths and areas for development. Inspections were generally two- or three-day visits every three years, with two days' notice. They focussed on

8096-558: Was more mixed "in part because [the City Challenge areas] had less time for these practices to properly embed." However it was found that some positive developments had been sustained beyond the end of the City Challenge programme in 2011. The same year, the Institute for Fiscal Studies , in partnership with the government's Social Mobility Commission published analysis suggesting that improvements in secondary school performance were largely attributable to improvements in attainment at primary school level. Also in 2014, an investigation into

8188-909: Was reduced in 2009 from five to three: As of January 2021 , seventy per-cent of the inspectors are now headteachers or school leaders. Ofsted publish reports on the quality of education and management at a particular school and organisation on a regular basis. His Majesty's Inspectors (HMI) rank schools based on information gathered in inspections which they undertake. Inspectors carry out regular inspections of all maintained schools and academies, some independent schools, colleges, apprenticeship providers, prison education and many other educational institutions and programmes outside of higher education. Ofsted aims to improve lives by raising standards in education and children's social care. Ofsted monitors standards in schools, and tells schools what they are doing right and what they must do to improve. Inspectors publish reports of findings so they can be used to improve

8280-424: Was removed and all contracted inspectors (as opposed to directly employed HMI) became 'Ofsted inspectors'. Most school inspections were carried out by additional Inspectors (AI) employed by external companies known as Regional Inspection Service Providers (RISPs). As of July 2009 , there were 1,948 AIs, of whom 1,567 inspect schools. Although Ofsted claims that most of these have teaching experience, in 2012 it

8372-424: Was renamed for those areas as the City Challenge, but continued to be known as the London Challenge in the capital. The City Challenge programme was tailored to local needs, using many of the same approaches adopted in the London Challenge. Ofsted first reported on the impact of the London Challenge in 2006, and found that, between 2001 and 2005, London's GCSE results had improved faster in London than in England as

8464-513: Was the object of repeated FBI and Internal Revenue Service probes. The Nixon administration placed Barnet and Raskin on its expanded Enemies List . In 1971, Raskin received "a mountain of paper" from a source that was later identified as Daniel Ellsberg . These became known as the Pentagon Papers . Raskin played his "customary catalytic role" by putting Ellsberg in touch with New York Times reporter Neil Sheehan . In 1974,

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