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74-552: It is located just north of the original village site of Yaanga , which was used as a reference point in the construction of the plaza. The 18th century plaza vieja (old plaza) predates the 19th century plaza nueva . The old plaza of El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora, La Reina de Los Angeles (the town of our Lady, the Queen of the Angels) as decreed by Gov. Felipe de Neve in his "Instruccion para La Fundaccion de Los Angeles" (26 August 1781),

148-3148: A California Historic Landmark (No.156) on Jan. 11, 1935. The Marker on the site reads: Below is a map of the Plaza area with streets and monuments marked as they appeared in the 1880s.  616–620  pre-1890: #16–20 Sentous Block 1886⁠–⁠1950s/ now parking lot  600–8  Chester House lodgings p1906 now parking lot  17  Pelanconi House 1850s⁠–⁠pres La Golondrina restaurant 1924⁠–⁠pres  12  Sepúlveda House 1887⁠–⁠pres  10  ÁVILA ADOBE 1818⁠–⁠pres oldest house in Los Angeles Plaza Substation 1905⁠-⁠pres Olvera House 19th c.⁠–⁠pres  115 E  pre-1890: #99–#115 Agustín Olvera adobe "Chinese quarters" p1888 Methodist Church 1926  125 E  Eugene Biscailuz Bldg 1926⁠–⁠pres L O S A N G E L E S S T. 1888⁠– 1950s Pironi & Slatri wine & brandy vaults & distillery p1888  813–23  "Female Boarding" p1906 now Placita Dolores park L. A. City Water Co. now Placita Dolores park  850  Institución Caritativa/ Orphan Asylum 1852⁠–⁠91 / Lumber yard & mill p1906/ now Mozaic Apts  former APABLAZA ST.  OLD CHINATOWN 19th c.⁠–⁠1930s d/ UNION STATION 1939⁠–⁠pres BREAD/CHURCH/MARCHESSAULT/SUNSET now PASEO LUIS OLIVARES former MARCHESSAULT ST. now PASEO DE LA PLAZA (pedestrian) former MARCHESSAULT now LOS ANGELES ST. former MARCHESSAULT now station driveway  525⁠–⁠41  1814⁠/⁠1861⁠–⁠pres: OUR LADY QUEEN OF THE ANGELS CHURCH L. A. Gas Light Co. gas plant 1867-?  507⁠–⁠11N  House of Pío Pico 1814⁠/⁠1861⁠–⁠pres GARNIER BLOCK a.k.a. Plaza House p1888 Plaza Hotel p1955 County offices 2011–pres La Plaza de Cultura y Artes  501–⁠5  House of Jesús Domínguez 1888⁠–⁠pres Vickrey⁠-⁠Brunswig Bldg p1955 County offices 2011–pres La Plaza de Cultura y Artes LOS ANGELES PLAZA This block: Chinese businesses p1888  510–526  LUGO ADOBE 1840s⁠-⁠1951d now Yaanga Park  c.504⁠–⁠8  Del Valle adobe ?⁠-⁠1880s "Chinese theater" p1888–1906  757–767  "Chinese tenements" p1888–1906 Yaanga Yaanga

222-514: A conveyance never worried the party of the second part. In the minutes of the ayuntamiento may be found the grant of a certain piece of land now known as the Requena tract which is described and deeded as that lot or tract on which the "Cows ate the apples". In 1814, when the foundation of the La Iglesia de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles was laid, it, too, fronted on the old plaza; but

296-512: A fence across one of the rancherías that was adjacent to his own property." Three representatives of the relocated villages by the names of Gabriel, Juan José, and Gandiel submitted a petition protesting the illegal actions of Domingo on April 27, 1838, and asked that Domingo "be forced to remove his fence so they could build their homes." The City Council required Domingo to take down the fence." However, in December 1845, Domingo purchased all of

370-620: A great toll among Natives in Los Angeles, which led to a massive population decline in the city between 1848 and 1880. In 1852, Hugo Reid identified the historical locations of several villages in the Los Angeles Basin area, including Yaanga, prior to Spanish, Mexican, and American colonization. Reid published his research in 24 weekly installments from February to August 1852 for the Los Angeles Star . In 1859, in

444-558: A grocery and dry goods store (Corbett & Barker), then a storage house for iron and hard lumber for Harris Newmark Co. It was then leased to a Chinese immigrant. In 1871, it was the site of the Chinese massacre of 1871 . The Adobe was torn down in 1888 in order to extend Los Angeles Street north past the Plaza. At 419 N. Los Angeles Street, at the northwest corner of Arcadia, is the Garnier Building, built in 1890, part of

518-608: A narrow, one-block north–south street likely named after darker-skinned Mexican afromestizo and/or mulatto residents during the Spanish colonial era. . At the north end of Calle de los Negros stood the Del Valle adobe (also known as the Matthias or Matteo Sabichi house ), at the southern edge of which one could turn left and enter the plaza at its southeast corner. Calle de los Negros was famous for its saloons and violence in

592-456: A saloon, a theater and a connected restaurant. Historian James Miller Guinn wrote in 1896, "in the flush days of gold mining, from 1850 to 1856, it was the wickedest street on earth...In length it did not exceed 500 feet, but in wickedness, it was unlimited. On either side it was lined with saloons, gambling hells, dance houses and disreputable dives. It was a cosmopolitan street. Representatives of different races and many nations frequented it. Here

666-558: A statue of Mexican charro entertainer Antonio Aguilar on horseback. Until the late 19th century, Los Angeles Street did not form the east side of the Plaza; it ran south only from Broad Place at the intersection of Arcadia Street. Here, the Coronel Adobe blocked the path north one block to the Plaza, but just slightly to the right (east) of the path of Los Angeles Street was Calle de los Negros (Spanish-language name; marked on post-1847 maps as Negro Alley or Nigger Alley),

740-537: A thirty years’ lease of the city water works. One of the conditions of that lease was the building within a year at a cost not to exceed US$ 1,000 of an ornamental spring fountain on the Plaza. Juan Bernard and Patrick McFadden, who had acquired possession of the Dryden franchise and water works, disposed of their system and the old brick reservoir on the Plaza came into the possession of the City Water Company,

814-596: Is believed to have only remained intact until 1813 "when the final two baptisms of Yaanga residents (of the more than 200 recorded in Mission San Gabriel registers, 1771–1813) were noted." Researchers state that the villagers regrouped south of the original village site as early as the 1820s, at a location referred to be local residents as the Ranchería de los Poblanos . In the 1820s, immigrants from France came to Los Angeles in small numbers and settled around

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888-521: Is thought to be a reason for its ability to survive longer than most Indigenous villages in the region. However, after the founding of Pueblo de Los Ángeles in 1781, Yaanga increasingly "began to look more like a refugee camp than a traditional community," and following relentless pressure on the inhabitants to assimilate, the community was eventually dispersed. The original village seems to have only remained intact until about 1813. After being forcibly relocated several times, eventually eastward across

962-518: The Los Angeles Mall (which contains City Hall East). Los Angeles Street ends at Alameda Street , north of the US 101 near Olvera Street and Union Station . In South Los Angeles there are two other portions of Los Angeles Street, one running from Slauson Avenue to 59th Place and another from 122nd Street to 124th Street near Willowbrook . The block of Los Angeles Street that runs by

1036-582: The Los Angeles' original Chinatown . The southern portion of the building was demolished in the 1950s to make way for the Hollywood Freeway . The Chinese American Museum is now located in the Garnier Building. It should not be confused with another Garnier Block/Building on Main St. a block away now commonly known as Plaza House . Los Angeles Street was lined with mostly commercial buildings;

1110-552: The pobladores (founders) of Los Angeles in the establishment of the pueblo. After the arrival of the colonizers, Yaanga soon ceased to function as it had for thousands of years. In 1781, tensions emerged between the founders of Los Angeles and the Franciscan padres at Mission San Gabriel over who would have control over newly converted Christian villagers. Felipe de Neve , one of the founders of Los Angeles, traveled to Yaanga to select children for conversion to Christianity with

1184-516: The Ayuntamiento succeeded in partially squaring the Plaza. The north, south and west lines, after squaring, were each 134 varas or about 380 feet in length and the east line was 112 varas or 330 feet long. At that time Los Angeles Street (or Vineyard street, as it was then called) ended at Arcadia Street and the principal entrance into the Plaza from the south was the Calle de Los Negros. During

1258-768: The Black [People]") is a major thoroughfare in Downtown Los Angeles , California , dating back to the origins of the city as the Pueblo de Los Ángeles . The principal length of the street proceeds north from 23rd Street, past Interstate 10 , through the Fashion District , past the western edge of Little Tokyo , past the Caltrans District Headquarters, the former Los Angeles Police Department Headquarters at Parker Center and

1332-646: The Commercial and Alameda streets, close to the original village site of Yaanga. The ayuntamiunto (city council) passed new laws in Los Angeles which forced Indigenous peoples to work or be arrested . They conducted sweeps for "drunken Indians" which filled the city jails with Tongva villagers. The Ranchería de los Poblanos was recorded to be in close proximity to the Nicoleños , who had previously been relocated in similar fashion in 1835. However, in 1836, Los Angeles residents complained about Indians bathing in

1406-573: The Del Valle adobe had been removed, and Los Angeles Street had been extended to form the eastern edge of the Plaza, thus passing in front of the Lugo Adobe . Calle de los Negros remained for a few more decades, behind a row of houses lining the east side of Los Angeles Street between Arcadia and Aliso streets. This was also the western edge of Old Chinatown from around the 1880s through 1930s. It reached eastward across Alameda St. to cover most of

1480-483: The Los Angeles Pueblo was then arrived at following the flood of 1815. In 1962, Bernice Johnston noted that "...some characteristic items were unearthed during the building of Union Station in 1939, and considerably more... when the historic Bella Union Hotel was built [1870] [between Main and Los Angeles streets north of Commercial]." In 1992, Joan Brown indicated archaeological materials were found in

1554-605: The Los Angeles River, and higher, drier ground could be found farther west." Several records within the English translations of the early era ayuntamiento or village council held relate that the council formally apportioned a triangular site for use by the Yaanga natives for their village, as well as subsequent attempts by Juan Domingo against this village. The former record indicates that the triangular site apparently

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1628-675: The Los Angeles River, it was razed to the ground by the Los Angeles City Council under American occupation in 1847. Buried intact deposits from Yaanga have been found throughout downtown Los Angeles, such as in the vicinity of Alameda Street , Bella Union Hotel , Union Station , Plaza Church , and the Metropolitan Water District Headquarters . Yaanga (alternative spellings: Yangna or iyáangaʼ , written as " Yang-Na " in Spanish),

1702-553: The Old Plaza was originally known as "Calle de los Negros" or "Alley of the Black People". On late 19th century maps it is also marked with a contemporary English translation of that phrase, Nigger Alley. The Chinese massacre of 1871 took place on Los Angeles Street when it was still known as Calle de los Negros. The printing house for the city's first newspaper, Star of Los Angeles , was located on Los Angeles Street, which

1776-569: The Pueblito site, which the Yaangavit had been relocated to only two years earlier, was razed to the ground. The Native inhabitants were dispersed into scattered smaller communities: others moved into the city to live nearer their employers. This was reportedly approved by the Los Angeles City Council and largely displaced the final generation of Yaangavit into the Calle de los Negros ("place of

1850-483: The River. They presented us with some baskets of pinole made from the seeds of sage and other grasses. Their chief brought some strings of beads made of shells, and they threw us three handfuls of them. Some of the old men were smoking pipes well made of baked clay and they puffed at us three mouthfuls of smoke. We gave them a little tobacco and glass beads, and they went away well pleased. On August 3rd, 1769, Crespí reached

1924-446: The absence of workers in the gold rush migration to California." The Chinese population increased from 14 in 1860 to almost 200 by 1870. Guinn stated that the alley stayed "wicked" through and after its transition to the city's Old Chinatown. Calle de los Negros was reconfigured in 1888 when Los Angeles Street was extended north, with a small, shallow row of houses remaining between the new section of Los Angeles street's eastern edge and

1998-565: The area north of the current Los Angeles Plaza Church." Some historians position Yaanga as located slightly south of Los Angeles Plaza (Los Angeles Plaza Park), near or underneath where the Bella Union Hotel was located (now Fletcher Bowron Square ). One historian concludes that "it is highly unlikely that Yaanga would have been located east of the present course of Alameda Street (i.e. beneath Union Station ) because these areas would have periodically scoured during flood stages of

2072-420: The area that is now Union Station. It proceeded one more block past the Plaza, with the buildings on the east side of Olvera Street forming its western edge, until terminating at Alameda Street. Since the early 1950s, Los Angeles Street has formed the eastern edge of the Plaza, but the buildings lining its eastern edge, including the Lugo Adobe , were removed. The site is now Father Serra Park . When it

2146-711: The basin, along its rivers and on its shoreline, stretching from the deserts and to the sea." Only a few villages led by tomyaars (chiefs) were "in the mountains, where Chengiichngech 's avengers, serpents, and bears lived," as described by Lytle Hernández. However, "the grand jury dismissed the depths of Indigenous claims to life, land, and sovereignty in the region and, instead, chose to frame Indigenous peoples as drunks and vagrants loitering in Los Angeles." 34°03′15″N 118°14′17″W  /  34.05417°N 118.23806°W  / 34.05417; -118.23806 Los Angeles Street Los Angeles Street , originally known as Calle de los Negros ( Spanish for "Street of

2220-556: The broad valley north of present Boyle Heights. The triangular site of 'Yaanga' was the remainder of the southeast portion of the plaza of the second settlement. The juncture of the original Aliso Street with the new route to the northeast, which followed the empty riverbed, was at the second settlement plaza. The reason why pueblo inhabitants abandoned the first settlement site to the northwest may have been due to destruction and fear resulting from two great earthquakes that occurred ten days apart in December 1812. The third (present) site of

2294-514: The city authorities ordered Santiago Rubio's house demolished “to maintain the Plaza line.” When the vacant lots with Plaza fronts were all built upon, the irregular shape of what was originally intended to be a square became more noticeable. So the Ayuntamiento (Council) set to work to solve the problem of squaring the Plaza, but it proved to be a difficult problem. Commissioners were appointed and they labored faithfully to evolve plans to remedy “certain imperfections which have been allowed to creep into

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2368-610: The city. On Saturday Nights, they even held parties, danced, and gambled at the removed Yaanga village and also at the plaza at the center of town." In response, the Californios continued to attempt to control the villagers lives, issuing Alta California Governor Pico a petition in 1846 stating: "We ask that the Indians be placed under strict police surveillance or the persons for whom the Indians work give [the Indians] quarter at

2442-535: The dark ones") district. Following its destruction, a series of armed raids were launched in the city's outskirts. These raids were state-sanctioned by Anglo-American Governor Peter Hardeman Burnett , who stated "that a war of extermination will continue to be waged between the races until the Indian race becomes extinct must be expected." The U.S. federal government subsidized these armed raids by paying bounties to vigilantes who killed "Indians." Disease also took

2516-410: The early days of the town, and by the 1880s was considered part of Chinatown, lined with Chinese and Chinese American residences, businesses and gambling dens. The neglected dirt alley was already associated with vice by the early 1850s, when a bordello and its owner both known as La Prietita (the dark-skinned lady) were active here. Its other businesses included malodorous livery stables, a pawn shop,

2590-482: The employer's rancho." This was despite the local economy's heavy dependence on Indian labor. During the Mexican–American War (1846–1848), the U.S. military invaded and occupied Los Angeles on August 13, 1846. Under American occupation, elimination became a core principle of governance and was a point of agreement between Anglo-Americans and Mexican citizens in Los Angeles. On a cold fall evening in 1847,

2664-409: The form of the Plaza through carelessness; and to add to the beauty of the town by embellishing the Plaza.” But they encountered opposition to their efforts. Pedro Cabrera's house lot fell within the line of a street that it was proposed to open out to the westward from the Plaza. The Commissioners offered him a larger and better lot in exchange, but Pedro declined the offer. He wanted a Plaza front and

2738-532: The great flood of 1815 changed the Los Angeles River ’s channel from the eastern side of the valley to the western and the waters came up to the foundations. The location of the church was changed to higher ground—its present site. When the final location of the Nueva Iglesia had been decided upon by Gov. Sola in 1818, next in importance was a plaza on which the church should front and since there

2812-412: The great flood of spring 1825. The river shifted eastward and cut against the hillside beyond/above which Boyle Heights eventually was settled. The now-empty riverbed of the ten year interregnum was utilized to form a northern passage by which the citizens could easily ford the river north of the juncture of the creek which still combines the drainages of Arroyo de Los Posas and Canada de Los Abilas within

2886-467: The highest of any Tongva village, and 1 at San Fernando Mission . The first town of Los Angeles was built next to Yaanga along the Los Angeles River by missionaries and Indian neophytes, or baptized converts, in 1781. It was called El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles de Porciúncula (The Village of Our Lady, the Queen of the Angels of Porziuncola). Yaanga was used as a reference point by

2960-470: The house to a "sporting fraternity", which operated a popular 24-hour gambling establishment with games including monte, faro, and poker ; up to $ 200,000 in gold could be seen on the tables at a time. Arguments ensued and murders were frequent. The building later became a dance hall where "lewd women" were employed, aimed at the Mexican-American population. After that, still in the 1850s, it became

3034-406: The ignoble red man, crazed with aguardiente, fought his battles, the swarthy Sonorian plied his stealthy dagger, and the click of the revolver mingled with the clink of gold at the gaming table when some chivalric American felt that his word of “honah” had been impugned." By 1871, the alley was notorious as a "racially, spatially, and morally disorderly place", according to historian César López. It

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3108-557: The intent of transplanting villagers from the Mission to the secular pueblo, only having them "return to the missions periodically for religious instruction." Neve "personally acted as padrino , or godfather , at twelve of the baptisms " and renamed one couple Felipe and Phelipa Theresa de Neve and remarried them "in the eyes of the church." In 1784, a sister mission, the Nuestra Señora Reina de los Ángeles Asistencia

3182-514: The land allotted to the villagers for $ 200, taking advantage of Pío Pico 's need for additional monies and the general lack of respect for native title. As a result, the villagers were again forcibly relocated to a site called Pueblito, east across the Los Angeles River in what is now Boyle Heights , placing a divide between Mexican Los Angeles and the nearest Indigenous community. It was recorded by historian Kelly Lytle Hernández that "Native men, women, and children continued to live (not just work) in

3256-535: The late fifteenth century as part of an extensive riparian forest that "thrived alongside the Los Angeles River and the region's inland wetlands" until around 1825, following a large flood which destroyed most of the trees (although El Aliso went on to survive until 1891). The massive tree was a gathering place for the local people and was so significant that the Tongva reportedly measured distances in relation to it "and traders from as far away as present-day Yuma knew

3330-464: The local canal, which prompted the forced relocation of the regrouped Yaangavit to a new site on flood-prone land. This new ranchería site is believed to have existed less than 10 years. German sailor and immigrant Juan Domingo [Johann Gröningen], who lived in Los Angeles, submitted petitions to evict the Yaangavit and obtain the land that was allotted to them. Researchers note that Domingo did not wait to be approved though "and without permission built

3404-564: The movement to the southward began. June 21, 1821, Jose Antonio Carrillo , one of the aristocrats of the ancient pueblo regime, petitioned the Comisionado for a house lot near the “new temple which is being built for the benefit of our holy religion.” A lot 40x60 varas (the present site of the Pico House ) was granted him. On this lot between 1821 and 1823 Carrillo built, for that time, a notable residence, Carrillo House , fronting it on

3478-544: The new lot had none. Then the Commissioners offered him another lot and for damages the labor of the chain gang for a certain number of days. But Pedro was inexorable, so the street had to take a twist around his lot, and the twist gave the Calle Iglesia (Church street), now West Marchessault. By reducing its dimensions and by giving the lot owners who had built back the land between them and the new building line

3552-413: The original village site of Yaanga "about 1.4 miles southwest of the current N. Broadway Street at the Los Angeles River [and] in the neighborhood of Los Angeles Street between the current Plaza south towards Temple Street ... [which] would have placed the village in close proximity to the pueblo’s earliest plaza and church. The [Los Angeles] pueblo was established immediately adjacent to Yaanga in 1781 in

3626-479: The plaza were the house lots, 20x40 varas each, fronting on the square. One half of the remaining side was reserved for public buildings—a guard house, a town house, and a public granary; the other half was an open space. Around three sides of the old plaza clustered the mud-daubed huts of the pioneers of Los Angeles, and around the embryo town, a few years later, was built an adobe wall—not so much perhaps for protection from foreign invasion as from domestic intrusion. It

3700-771: The plaza. Plaza fronts became the fashion with the pueblo aristocracy; and in course of time the homes of the Picos, the Carrillos, the Sepulvedas, the Olveras, the Lugos, and the Abilas were clustered around the square. There seems to have been no “plano” or plot made of the new plaza. The building line zigzagged. A moderate deviation was not noticed, but if someone built out too far, the authorities pulled down his residence. In 1838,

3774-403: The prospect of a lawsuit and fearful of losing the Plaza, hastened to compromise. The fence was built, the walks were laid, and the ornamental fountain, too, was erected by the company. Its form was changed from a square to a circle. Los Angeles Plaza Park is an unstaffed, unlocked and open area within the plaza. It is the site of the demolished Lugo Adobe . The Los Angeles Plaza was designated

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3848-402: The region. The people who were from Yaanga referred to themselves as Yaangavit. People from the village were recorded as Yabit in missionary records although were known as Yaangavit , Yavitam , or Yavitem among the people. At the center of the village was a large sycamore tree referred to by the Spanish and later settlers as El Aliso , which is believed to have started growing in

3922-587: The remains of an Indian village, tentatively identified as the village of Yangna. Excavations at the Metropolitan Water District Headquarters in 1999 revealed "a protohistoric cemetery associated with Yabit." It has been reported that excavations near the Plaza Church have "recovered beads and other artifacts used during the period of mission recruitment." Yaanga was recorded to be one of the most powerful villages in

3996-523: The river destroyed both the Natives' village as well as the recently established second pueblo settlement, including the pueblo chapel. The plaza of the second pueblo settlement was located on the north side of Aliso Street a short distance west of El AliSo, the aged totem/signal tree of the Tongva Nation. The river continued to flow westward to Ballona Flats for a ten year period which lasted until

4070-399: The successors of Griffin, Beaudry, et al. Three years passed, and still the unsightly debris of the old reservoir disfigured the center of the square. At a meeting of the council, December 2, 1870, Judge Brunson, attorney of the City Water Company, submitted propositions as a settlement of what he styled “the much vexed question of the reservoir and Plaza improvements. The council, frightened at

4144-541: The time of Spanish and Mexican domination in California, the Plaza was a treeless common; its surface pawed into ridges or trodden into dust by the hoofs of the numerous mustangs tethered on it or ridden over it. It had, however, its annual spring cleaning and decoration for the festival of Corpus Christi. For a decade or more after the American occupation its appearance was unchanged. The first attempt at its improvement

4218-452: The tree as a landmark." By the mid-eighteenth century, "the mighty sycamore stood at the center" of Yaanga. In 1769, the Portolà expedition reached Yaanga. Father Juan Crespí recorded his first interaction with an expedition camp of Yaangavit on August 2: As soon as we arrived about eight heathen from a good village came to visit us; they live in this delightful place among the trees on

4292-443: The vicinity of Union Station: Previous archaeological studies conducted at and near Union Station indicate that buried intact prehistoric and historic deposits exist in-situ beneath and in the vicinity of Union Station. The extent of the archaeological deposits is unknown at this time. Union Station was constructed on three to twenty feet of fill dirt placed over the original Los Angeles Chinatown. Chinatown, in turn, had been built over

4366-509: The village and described his interaction as follows: As they drew near us they began to howl like Wolves; they greeted us and wished to give us seeds, but as we had nothing at hand in which to carry them we did not accept them. Seeing this, they threw some handfuls of them on the ground and the rest in the air. With the founding of Mission San Gabriel in 1771, the Spanish began to the refer to Yaangavit as "Gabrieleños." Mission records indicated that about 179 Yaangavit were baptized at San Gabriel,

4440-461: The village became more of a place for refugees of surrounding villages destroyed or otherwise depleted from colonization. Historian William David Estrada states that during this time the village attracted people from local villages, "from the islands, as well as laborers from Missions San Diego and San Luis Rey and beyond... this symbiotic interdependency may have helped Yaanga survive longer than most rancherías ." The original village of Yaanga

4514-419: The wake of increasing criminalization and absorption into the city's burgeoning convict labor system, the county grand jury declared "stringent vagrant laws should be enacted and enforced compelling such persons ['Indians'] to obtain an honest livelihood or seek their old homes in the mountains." This declaration ignored Reid's research, which stated that most Tongva villages, including Yaanga, "were located in

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4588-604: The western edge of the new, shortened alley. The site of Calle de los Negros is now the Pueblo parking lot and a cloverleaf-style entrance to the US 101 freeway. The Coronel Adobe was built in 1840 by Ygnacio Coronel as a family home. It stood at the northwest corner of Arcadia Street and Calle de los Negros; Los Angeles Street terminated at its southern end. The area gradually became an area for gambling and saloons, and upper-class families left to live elsewhere. Around 1849, they sold

4662-421: Was a large Tongva (or Kizh ) village, originally located near what is now downtown Los Angeles , just west of the Los Angeles River and beneath U.S. Route 101 . People from the village were recorded as Yabit in missionary records although they were known as Yaangavit , Yavitam , or Yavitem among the people. It is unclear what the exact population of Yaanga was prior to colonization , although it

4736-409: Was a parallelogram one hundred varas in length by seventy-five in breadth. It was laid out with its corners facing the four winds or cardinal points of the compass, and with its streets running at right angles to each of its four sides, so that no street would be swept by the wind. Two streets, each ten varas wide, opened out on the longer sides, and three on each of the shorter sides. Upon three sides of

4810-492: Was a portion of the Second Settlement Plaza which possibly had been cut through by the historic flood of 1815. The date upon which the site was dedicated for use by Tongva natives is not given in the council translations, but the apportionment took place within fifteen years following the 1825 flood. More than one history of Los Angeles makes claims that in the westward shift of the river in the flood of 1815,

4884-411: Was described in contemporary sources as being a Tongva word meaning "place of the poison oak ." The original exact site of Yaanga is unclear because the village was evicted, forcibly relocated, destroyed and is now covered by downtown Los Angeles . However, it is known to have existed near downtown Los Angeles , just west of the Los Angeles River , and beneath U.S. Route 101 . One article located

4958-512: Was easier to wall in the town than to fence in the cattle and the goats that pastured on the ejidos or commons, outside the walls. The boundaries of the plaza vieja , as nearly as it is possible to locate them, are as follows: The southeast corner of the plaza would coincide with the northeast corner of Marchessault and Upper Main streets. From the said northeast corner of these streets draw a line land boundaries were of rare occurrence and title deeds when given were loosely drawn. The more or less in

5032-483: Was extended past the Plaza in 1888, Los Angeles Street terminated one short block north of the Plaza at Alameda Street. Now, Los Angeles Street turns east at the north side of the Plaza to terminate at Alameda Street at a right angle, directly across from the Union Station complex. What was the short block of Los Angeles Street north of the Plaza is now part of Placita Dolores , a small open plaza which surrounds

5106-457: Was founded at Yaanga as well. Yaangavit were treated as slave laborers by Franciscan padres to construct and work at San Gabriel Mission and Nuestra Señora Reina de los Ángeles Asistencia and forced laborers for the Spanish , Mexican, and American settlers to construct and expand Los Angeles. In 1803, Yaanga's population was reported to be 200. As the demand for "Indian labor" grew,

5180-474: Was here that a growing number of Chinese immigrant railroad laborers settled after the completion of the transcontinental railroad in 1869. There, William Estrada notes, the "Chinese of Los Angeles came to fill an important sector of the economy as entrepreneurs. Some became proprietors and employees of small hand laundries and restaurants; some were farmers and wholesale produce peddlers; others ran gambling establishments; and some occupied other areas left vacant by

5254-486: Was known at the time as Calle Zanja Madre (Mother Ditch street). Los Angeles Street was the easternmost street in the city's central business district during the 1880s and 1890s . Around Los Angeles and 3rd was the wholesale district, which over time moved further and further southeast into what is now the Fashion District and beyond. The Coronel Adobe was demolished in 1888 and 1896 Sanborn maps show that

5328-429: Was made by the city authorities in 1859. It was enclosed by a picket fence, walks were laid off and some shrubbery planted. But in those days the city exchequer was in a chronic state of collapse and the improvements made were not kept up. The Plaza gradually lapsed into its former state of dilapidation. On July 22, 1868, the city of Los Angeles entered into a contract with John S. Griffin, P. Beaudry, and Solomon Lazard for

5402-409: Was none, the evolution of plaza from the ejidos or common land and house lots began. There were evidently some buildings on the designated area, for old records note that the pueblo authorities, in 1825, ordered a house torn down that stood on the plaza. Previous to 1818, the trend of the pueblo’s growth had been to the northward, but after the location of a site for the new church had been determined

5476-432: Was recorded as the largest and most influential village in the region. Yaangavit were treated as slave laborers during the Mission period by Franciscan padres to construct and work at San Gabriel Mission and Nuestra Señora Reina de los Ángeles Asistencia and forced laborers for the Spanish , Mexican, and American settlers to construct and expand Los Angeles. The colonizers ' dependency on Yaanga for forced labor

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