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120-496: (Redirected from Lake Shore Railroad ) Lake Shore Railway or Lake Shore Railroad may refer to: Lake Shore Railway (1868–1869) , formerly the Cleveland, Painesville and Ashtabula Railroad Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway , along Lake Erie and across northern Indiana Lake Shore Electric Railway , an interurban between Cleveland and Toledo, Ohio Topics referred to by

240-504: A Tree City USA . According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 21.91 square miles (56.75 km ), of which 9.73 square miles (25.20 km ) is land and 12.18 square miles (31.55 km ) is water. Sandusky occupies the defunct township Portland and borders the following townships: Sandusky has a humid continental climate ( Köppen climate classification Dfa ), typical of

360-472: A council–manager government ; there are seven city commissioners elected as a legislature and a mayor who serves as the council's president. All are elected for four-year terms. The council employs a city manager for administration. John Orzech is the current city manager and Richard R. Brady is the president of the City Commission. Sandusky is represented by Marcy Kaptur (D-Toledo) in the house. In

480-610: A branch (the Buffalo and State Line Railroad ) to connect Buffalo with the E&;NE. Eager to obtain traffic from the New York Central as well, the E&NE agreed to build a second track, with a 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ( 1,435 mm ) gauge, alongside its broad gauge main line. The addition of the E&NE of a 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ( 1,435 mm ) gauge track deeply concerned

600-561: A bribe by railroad industry observers and blackmail by Erie historian Edward Mott, the CP&;A took steps to comply with the remaining terms of the law within months. Sources vary considerably on when the break at Erie ended. According to some sources, temporary superintendent Packer ordered the FCC and the E&NE connected immediately and the break was removed on February 1, 1854. The first through train between Cleveland and Buffalo ran over

720-589: A charter allowing it to build a line from Erie to the New York-Pennsylvania border. The Erie Railroad was the first to promise to build a branch (the Dunkirk and State Line Railroad) to meet the E&NE. To avoid a break in gauge , the E&NE also adopted a 6 ft ( 1,829 mm ) track gauge. The E&NE was completed in January 1852. The New York Central then announced that it was building

840-567: A connection with the E&NE had probably existed since 1855, trains continued to change locomotives at the Erie station 1891.) The CP&A also collaborated with the Erie & Pittsburgh and Philadelphia & Erie railroads to build a new station in Erie. Construction of the $ 150,000 Union Station (which replaced the 1851 depot) was announced in March 1863. It was completed in July 1864. In 1865,

960-527: A library, wash room, bathing facilities, and pattern room (where patterns for equipment and wheels were kept) occupied the second floor. Also part of the expansion was a 45-by-70-foot (14 by 21 m) boiler shop for the repair of locomotive engines. During the American Civil War , the CP&A expanded its presence at both of its termini. It constructed a roundhouse in Erie at Chestnut Street in 1863 which had stalls for 21 locomotives. (Although

1080-508: A male householder with no wife present, and 42.1% were non-families. 35.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 2.93. The median age in the city was 38.5 years. 23.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.2% were from 25 to 44; 27.7% were from 45 to 64; and 15% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of

1200-430: A new brick freight depot in Cleveland. This two-story building was 400 feet (120 m) long, 80 feet (24 m) deep, and 27 feet (8.2 m) high, and cost $ 60,000 ($ 1,400,000 in 2023 dollars). Sandusky, Ohio Sandusky ( / s æ n ˈ d ʌ s k i / san- DUSS -kee ) is a city in and the county seat of Erie County, Ohio , United States. Situated on the southern shore of Lake Erie , Sandusky

1320-567: A new passenger station adjacent to the C&;P's Outer Station. A wooden freight depot was erected next to this new passenger station, and extensive sidings constructed to provide access to both buildings as well as to permit the idling of trains. The two-story brick passenger depot was completed in mid-March 1853. In the summer of 1853, the CP&A extended its Cleveland tracks to the Front Street Station. That year, northwest of

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1440-657: A single line by the CP&A, although the locomotives, rolling stock, and other equipment needed to operate it would be purchased jointly by the two companies. Profits (or losses) were to be prorated to each company based on the length of road owned by each between Cleveland and Erie. The contract went into force in December 1852. By the first half of 1850, the cost of building the Lake Shore Division had risen to $ 632,000 ($ 23,100,000 in 2023 dollars). The FCC had enough funds in hand to purchase in fee simple

1560-472: A trading post. One genealogical line of his descendants is actually called "Sandusky." This area was a center of trading and fortifications since the 18th century: the English, French, and Americans had trading posts and forts built on both the north and south sides of Sandusky Bay. George Croghan was one of the more prominent men who operated in this area in the 18th century. A federal fur trade factory

1680-623: Is a private charter school in downtown Sandusky. Monroe Prep is located in the former Monroe Elementary, which served students in Kindergarten through 6th grade as a part of the Sandusky City Schools District. It is located on E. Monroe St. on Sandusky's East Side. Sandusky is served by the Sandusky Library, which also operates a branch on Kelleys Island. Sandusky (along with nearby Port Clinton and

1800-399: Is also unclear when trains began running, as sources claim either October 15, November 23, and December 17. More clear is the final cost of constructing the Lake Shore Division, which totaled $ 550,000 ($ 20,100,000 in 2023 dollars). The cost of depots, stations, and other improvements added another $ 52,252 ($ 1,900,000 in 2023 dollars). The Lake Shore Division used an existing station in

1920-455: Is an alternative school for students who struggle in mainstream classrooms. Sandusky Career Center offers vocational programs for adults, now located at the former Venice Elementary School. Alternatively, St. Mary Central Catholic High School , a private Roman Catholic school associated with Holy Angels Church, St. Mary's Church, and Sts. Peter & Paul Church, focuses on giving students a faith-centered learning environment. Monroe Prep Academy

2040-620: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Lake Shore Railway (1868%E2%80%931869) The CP&A connected at the state line with the Franklin Canal Company (FCC), a Pennsylvania company. The FCC and CP&A shared the same track gauge , and the CP&A operated both rail lines. At Erie, Pennsylvania , the FCC connected with the Erie and North East Railroad . The Erie Gauge War of late 1853 to early 1854 occurred when

2160-488: Is located roughly midway between Toledo (45 miles (72 km) west) and Cleveland (50 miles (80 km) east). According to 2020 census , the city had a population of 25,095, and the Sandusky metropolitan area had 115,986 residents. Sandusky was established in the early 19th century and developed as a port city at the head of Sandusky Bay . It is home to Cedar Point , one of the most popular amusement parks in

2280-512: Is more stable, generally humid with thunderstorms . Fall usually is the driest season with many clear warm days and cool nights. The highest recorded temperature in Sandusky of 105 °F (41 °C) was set on July 14, 1936, and the lowest recorded temperature of −20 °F (−29 °C) was set on January 19, 1994. Historically, the Wyandot used the term andoske to refer to the river,

2400-629: The Appalachians ). Encouraged by the canal's success, railroads began rapid construction in interior regions to link isolated markets to the canals and to other railroads. The first important step in the development of rail transportation along the Great Lakes came in 1832 when the Michigan Territory chartered the Erie and Kalamazoo Railroad to run from Port Lawrence (now the city of Toledo, Ohio ) to Adrian, Michigan , with

2520-614: The Lake Erie Islands - known in the region collectively as " Vacationland ") is served by a daily newspaper, the Sandusky Register . The Vacationland region–which encompasses Sandusky–has one locally targeted television station, religiously oriented WGGN-TV channel 52. Sandusky's location between Toledo and Cleveland means that the city is also served by stations (albeit at a fringe level) in both of those markets as well. There are 14 local radio stations serving

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2640-739: The Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railroad . The Erie Canal , linking New York City with Buffalo, New York, (via Albany and the Hudson River ) opened in 1825 and proved to be a financial boon to merchants in New York City. The canal also gave cities on the Great Lakes a transportation cost advantage equal to that of cities on the Ohio River (then the major east–west transportation route for both goods and people west of

2760-482: The United Kingdom . Each rail was 12 to 18 feet (3.7 to 5.5 m) in length, and joined by a cast iron chair joint. Ballast was not initially laid, although the unstable nature of the clay beneath the track bed later required it. White oak ties were used to anchor the track. The track to Conneaut was completed on November 15, and a wooden Howe truss bridge built over Conneaut Creek to give access to

2880-848: The abolition of slavery in the United States , Sandusky was a stop for refugee slaves on the Underground Railroad , as some would travel across Lake Erie to reach freedom in Canada. Although Ohio was a free state, they felt at risk from slavecatchers because of bonuses offered under the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 . As depicted in Harriet Beecher Stowe 's novel Uncle Tom's Cabin (1855), many refugee slaves seeking to get to Canada made their way to Sandusky, where they boarded boats crossing Lake Erie to

3000-476: The August 1850 meeting of the FCC's stockholders, five directors were elected. These included John Galbraith, William A. Galbraith, and William S. Lane (all of Erie), as well as Herman B. Ely and Frederick Harbach of the CP&A. The directors elected Galbraith president, and Lane treasurer. Alex C. Twining was appointed the road's chief engineer. On December 10, 1850, the state of Ohio enacted legislation granting

3120-537: The B&;SL on November 17, 1853, formalizing the decision. Further alarming the people of Erie, the CP&A took over operation of the FCC's Lake Shore Division on December 1, 1853. What became known as the Erie Gauge War began on December 7, 1853, when the E&NE began work to alter its gauge. Urged on by the Erie mayor Alfred King and Erie & Sunbury Railroad director Morrow B. Lowry, mobs in Erie and

3240-485: The CCC, rail lines extended west and south of Cleveland—but not east to the all-important seaboard markets. Since 1831, different coalitions of Cleveland businessmen had tried to organize a railroad to connect Cleveland with points east, but none of these efforts got off the ground. In 1847, a group of businessmen from Ashtabula , Cuyahoga , and Lake counties undertook a successful effort to build Cleveland's railroad link to

3360-522: The CP&A and FCC purchase the land and build this lateral railroad with funds provided by the CP&A, but none were willing to take the risk. Kelley went forward with the project on his own, with funds secretly provided by the CP&A. Kelley personally visited landowners along the route, making friends with them and buying the land he needed. In some cases, he was required to purchase entire farms. He also won passage of local ordinances permitting his lateral railroad to cross public roads. Kelley then had

3480-643: The CP&A began in January 1851. Due to the almost flat and obstacle-free route, grading proceeded very swiftly. By the end of the month, grading had reached Willoughby and a construction team was already at work in Painesville building a bridge over the Grand River . The bridge at Willoughby was completed in August, piers for the bridge in Ashtabula were under construction, and grading had proceeded past that city. The bridge at Painesville, begun May 26,

3600-640: The CP&A completed work on a new Union Station in Cleveland. This work began in 1862, when the CC&;C, CP&A, C&P, and the Cleveland and Toledo Railroad agreed that the existing station was far too small to accommodate existing needs much less future growth. Engineer Benjamin Franklin Morse acted as architect of the new structure, whose costs of construction were shared equally by all four railroads. When completed, Cleveland's Union Station had

3720-544: The CP&A considered bypassing Erie altogether and connecting to existing railroad lines routing traffic through Pittsburgh. The people of Erie were further alarmed by a major corporate development in the summer of 1853. The E&NE had paid its contractors with bonds, who in turn sold them to raise cash. By the end of the summer of 1853, the Buffalo and State Line Railroad (B&SL) had acquired two-thirds of these bonds. The New York Central-owned B&SL began to pressure

Lake Shore Railway - Misplaced Pages Continue

3840-466: The CP&A the authority to guarantee the bonds of other railroads. On February 1, 1851, the FCC sold $ 400,000 ($ 14,600,000 in 2023 dollars) in bonds to complete construction of and to buy equipment, locomotives, and rolling stock for its road. All the bonds were guaranteed by the CP&A. The FCC anticipated spending $ 130,000 ($ 4,800,000 in 2023 dollars) purchasing rail and grading the line, and $ 270,000 ($ 9,900,000 in 2023 dollars) in constructing

3960-406: The CP&A to purchase the FCC, provided that the CP&A connected with the Erie and Sunbury Railroad at Erie's harbor. The CP&A was also required to purchase $ 500,000 ($ 17,000,000 in 2023 dollars) of Erie & Sunbury stock with bonds issued by the CP&A. The CP&A, which already owned the FCC, assumed title to the Lake Shore Division. Although the required bond purchase was called

4080-421: The Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati Railroad (CCC) was building its line, it constructed a brick depot in Cleveland on Front Street at the foot of Water Street. This depot opened on May 29, 1851. Although it was initially used only by the CCC, the depot had been constructed as a cooperative effort by the CCC, CP&A, and Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad (C&P). In January 1853, the CP&A began building

4200-563: The Cussewago/Conneaut route, the FCC also intended to build a 25.5-mile (41.0 km) branch line along the shore of Lake Erie from Erie to the Ohio-Pennsylvania border. Completion of this branch line (the "Lake Shore Division") was to occur before construction of the main line, since the branch line would connect the CP&A and the E&NE and bring the FCC significant income with which to build its main line. After

4320-563: The E&NE and New York Central would adopt the Ohio gauge, depriving their city of business. Many people in Erie, Pennsylvania's only port on Lake Erie, wanted the FCC and E&NE to build spurs to the harbor, which would offset the loss of transshipment business, but no spurs had been constructed. Responding to their concerns, the Pennsylvania General Assembly enacted a law on March 12, 1852, prohibiting railroads in

4440-538: The Erie & North East, a broad-gauge railway , changed its gauge to match that of the CP&A. The resolution to the conflict led to the CP&A purchasing the FCC outright. One of the most profitable railroad lines in the United States in the 1860s, the CP&A was renamed the Lake Shore Railway in 1868. It merged with the Michigan Southern and Northern Indiana Railroad in 1869 to form

4560-489: The FCC at the Ohio-Pennsylvania border. This simple written agreement required no actual construction, however, and was canceled. On August 26, 1850, the CP&A signed a new agreement which required it to build a line to the Pennsylvania border and connect it to the FCC's Lake Shore Division. The CP&A further agreed to build the FCC's line for the canal company. The road from Cleveland to Erie would be operated as

4680-453: The FCC concluded that the connection clause in its charter permitted it to expand westward as well. The company established a subsidiary (the "Erie and Cleveland Railroad") to build and operate this 25.5 miles (41.0 km) line. On July 5, 1849, the FCC issued $ 500,000 ($ 18,300,000 in 2023 dollars) in stock, with the CP&A purchasing $ 448,500 of it. The FCC also sold $ 67,500 ($ 2,500,000 in 2023 dollars) in bonds to begin construction on

4800-536: The FCC had violated its charter by constructing a line from Erie to the Ohio-Pennsylvania state border. The FCC halted construction of its line at Crooked Creek although whether it did before or after the state's action is not clear. The FCC lost the case, and appealed to the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania on December 27, 1852. The FCC argued that its charter gave it wide leeway to build a railroad as it saw fit, so long as it eventually reached Lake Erie. There

4920-749: The FCC in Commonwealth v. Franklin Canal Company , 9 Harris 117 (1853). However, the court interpreted the charter to preclude the construction of any railroad within 5.5 miles (8.9 km) of the Ohio border. Alarmed that the Lake Shore Division might not reach the state border, Alfred Kelley personally purchased the 5.5-mile (8.9 km) right of way. Pennsylvania law permitted private individuals to construct "lateral railroads" to connect their factories, farms, mines, or other real estate to state-chartered railroads. Kelley initially proposed that several less-prominent directors of and investors in

Lake Shore Railway - Misplaced Pages Continue

5040-787: The Franklin Division of the Pennsylvania Canal between the French Creek feeder aqueduct at Meadville and the mouth of French Creek at Franklin . The company discovered that the canal would never become profitable, and petitioned the state to expand its charter. The state legislature did so in April 1849, permitting the FCC to build a railroad along the Franklin Division canal towpath and to extend this railroad line north to Lake Erie and south to Pittsburgh (where it could connect with other railroads). Two months later,

5160-580: The Midwestern United States, with warm summers and cold winters. Winters tend to be cold, with an average January high temperature of 32 °F (0 °C), and an average January low temperature of 19 °F (−7 °C), with considerable variation in temperatures. Sandusky averages 23.3 inches (59 cm) of snow per winter. Summers tend to be warm with an average July high temperature of 82 °F (28 °C), and an average July low temperature of 66 °F (19 °C). Summer weather

5280-435: The New York-Pennsylvania border. The Central, with its terminus at Buffalo, used a track gauge of 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ( 1,435 mm ) (later known as the "standard gauge"). The Erie, with its terminus at Dunkirk (45 miles (72 km) to the southwest of Buffalo), used a track gauge of 6 ft ( 1,829 mm ) (known as a broad gauge ). In Pennsylvania, the Erie & North East Railroad had

5400-412: The Ohio-Pennsylvania state border. The "North Route" began at the "Outer Station" of the Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad (on E. 33rd Street between Lakeside and Hamilton Avenues) and followed a relatively straight route along the lake to Euclid Creek and Willoughby. Staying close to the shoreline, it passed 0.66 miles (1.06 km) north of Painesville . The proposed route ran parallel to and north of

5520-572: The Pennsylvania state legislature prohibited the construction of railroads across the Erie Triangle , effectively blocking both New York and Ohio railroads from crossing the state there. The CP&A soon discovered a way around this legal obstacle. In April 1844, the Pennsylvania General Assembly had enacted legislation incorporating the Franklin Canal Company (FCC) and permitted the company to take ownership of

5640-993: The Pennsylvania-Ohio border, and between the Pennsylvania-Ohio border and Cleveland. Cleveland had emerged as one of the largest and fastest-growing cities in Ohio due to its transportation links (the Ohio and Erie Canal and its Lake Erie steamship port). Railroads were seen by Cleveland business and civic leaders as critical to the city's future. They could reach deep into agricultural and mining country far more easily than canals, and move much greater quantities of goods than wagons. Railroads would not only allow these goods to reach Erie and Buffalo (the traditional transshipment ports for Ohio products) faster and more easily, but also give Ohio producers direct access to large, rich seaboard cities like New York, Boston, Philadelphia, and Baltimore. With Ohio underdeveloped and starved for capital , Clevelanders and other Ohioans saw railroads as

5760-685: The Sandusky/Vacationland market. Music stations include WCPZ 102.7 FM ( hot AC ), WMJK 100.9 FM ( country ), WOHF 92.1 FM ( classic hits ), WFRO-FM 99.1 FM ( AC ), and WLEC 1450 AM / 93.5 FM ( oldies / sports / full service ), all owned by BAS Broadcasting, based in nearby Fremont . WKFM 96.1 FM (country), WLKR-FM 95.3 ( Adult album alternative ) and WLKR 1510 AM / 92.9 FM (classic hits) are all owned by Elyria-Lorain Broadcasting Co., another nearby locally based company. Also in

5880-472: The Senate, the city is represented by Sherrod Brown (D-Ohio) and J.D. Vance (R-Ohio). Sandusky Public Schools enroll 3,775 students in public primary and secondary schools. Sandusky City Schools operates six public schools. Sandusky Early Learning Academy, constructed on the grounds of the former Hancock Elementary School, serves Pre-K and Kindergarten students. Sandusky Primary School, constructed on

6000-560: The South Route at a distance of about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) until reaching the Ohio-Pennsylvania state border. Alfred Kelley reviewed both proposed routes, and chose the North Route. In part, this route was chosen because, east of Cleveland, it ran atop an ancient beach ridge (formed when Lake Erie was much larger) that required little ballasting , was naturally well-drained, and required almost no blasting or earth moving. It

6120-402: The average family size was 2.99. In the city the population was spread out, with 25.8% under the age of 18, 9.2% from 18 to 24, 28.5% from 25 to 44, 21.4% from 45 to 64, and 15.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.2 males. The median income for a household in the city

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6240-401: The bay, and the general area where the city of "Sandusky" later developed. This practice was also used by French and English settlers in the area. Often in historical documents, the word "Sandusky" is used without clarification as to which specific site or location is being referred to. Historical references to "Sandusky" might mean any one of the following locations, depending also on the date of

6360-602: The break was removed some time after passage of the Kansas–Nebraska Act in 1854 (but before the end of the Civil War). The operation of the line was disrupted again in October 1855, when the Pennsylvania General Assembly revoked the charter of the Erie & North East. On November 17, 1855, the state-appointed commissioner operating the E&NE informed the CP&A that it could no longer operate rolling stock over

6480-608: The brink of Lake Erie, lay there that night, and had no choice but to wait there next day, until a steamboat bound for Buffalo appeared. The town, which was sluggish and uninteresting enough, was something like the back of an English watering-place out of the season. By 1880, Sandusky had risen to a population of 16,000. There were then 20 churches and three newspapers in the community. The city boasted 29 businesses with at least 10 employees. Products being produced included lime, railroad locomotives and cars, carriages, wheels, crayons, chalk, beer, paper, baskets, and tools. By 1886 Sandusky

6600-682: The citizens of the city of Erie. Both the CP&A and the FCC used a 4 ft 10 in ( 1,473 mm ) track gauge (known as the "Ohio Gauge" because the state of Ohio required all railroads to use it). Although the standard gauge and Ohio gauge were very similar, they were not the same. The break in gauges meant that passengers and cargo had to be transshipped at Erie. This generated jobs in Erie. Wagons, warehouses, and workers were needed to move and often store freight (sometimes for several days). Carriages, food vendors, hotels, and restaurants were needed to serve passengers (some of whom had to stay overnight). Citizens in Erie were concerned that

6720-412: The city in 1842, and briefly wrote of it in his subsequent travelogue, American Notes . Said Dickens, who rode the newly constructed MR&LE railroad from Tiffin : At two o'clock we took the railroad; the travelling-on which was very slow, its construction being indifferent, and the ground wet and marshy; and arrived at Sandusky in time to dine that evening. We put up at a comfortable little hotel on

6840-568: The city of Erie for its eastern terminus. Located on W. 14th Street between Peach and Sassafras Streets (the site of the current Union Station ), this structure was erected by the Erie & North East Railroad in 1851. It was a two-story brick structure with a balcony overlooking W. 14th Street. Two companies, the New York and Erie Railroad (the "Erie Railroad") and the New York Central Railroad , were vying to reach

6960-424: The city of Sandusky encompassed most of the entire township that had been called Portland. Some of the city was built on land formerly occupied by a Native American man named Ogontz, and therefore the city is said to have been built on "Ogontz' place". Sandusky's rise in the 19th century was heavily influenced by its location at the head of Sandusky Bay. This made it a key point both for the movement of goods and for

7080-599: The city was 47.6% male and 52.4% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 27,844 people, 11,851 households, and 7,039 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,770.5 inhabitants per square mile (1,069.7/km ). There were 13,323 housing units at an average density of 1,325.7 units per square mile (511.9 units/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 74.50% White , 21.08% African American , 0.29% Native American , 0.26% Asian , 0.01% Pacific Islander , 0.97% from other races , and 2.88% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.09% of

7200-476: The city's name goes back to a Polish–American trader and frontiersman named Anthony Sadowski , a neighbor of the Boone family and co-founder of Amity village. He was employed by the governor of then British Pennsylvania as a trader and interpreter, speaking several Indian languages, especially Iroquois. He moved to the Pennsylvania frontier in January 1712 and could easily have made it to Lake Erie by 1718 to establish

7320-510: The city, preventing any further interference with the railroad link. A major leadership change occurred at the CP&A in 1851. The CCC was completed in February 1851, and Alfred Kelley finally took up the CP&A presidency the following month. He resigned this position in February 1854, and was replaced temporarily by William Case. Case was elected to a full term as president in August 1854. Case retired as president in August 1858, and

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7440-421: The company had no collateral to guarantee the bonds. The CP&A stepped in with a solution: It would seek legislation in the state of Ohio allowing it to guarantee the bonds of other railroads. The CP&A would then guarantee the FCC's bonds, allowing a successful sale and completion of the road. As part of the deal, the FCC agreed to reserve two spots on its board of directors for CP&A representatives. At

7560-440: The company's charter and authorized the state to take control of the company. It also specifically prohibited a connection between the E&NE and any railroad to the west. A jubilant crowd tore up the connection at Sassafras Street in Erie, and "sentinels" were posted by the townspeople to ensure no new connection was made. Pennsylvania Governor William Bigler seized the FCC on January 30, and appointed William F. Packer as

7680-502: The company's charter did not "contain any prohibition either by express language or by implication, against going to, or touching the State line." Based on this construction of their charter, the FCC began construction on the Lake Shore Division shortly after November 1851. When the Lake Shore Division was completed in 1852 is a matter of some dispute. Sources place the end of construction on September 1, November 17, and November 20. It

7800-497: The company's superintendent. The CP&A continued to operate the FCC on behalf of the state, forwarding 47 percent of all revenues generated by the Lake Shore Division to the state treasury. The state of Pennsylvania had no interest in running a railroad. On May 5, 1854, the General Assembly enacted new legislation permitting the CP&A to build a line from the Ohio-Pennsylvania border east to Erie. The law allowed

7920-433: The directors of the E&NE to change their 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ( 1,435 mm ) track gauge to 4 ft 10 in ( 1,473 mm ) to avoid transshipment in Erie. If the E&NE's directors refused, the B&SL said it would call the bonds , take over the railroad, and install a more compliant board. The E&NE directors decided to make the gauge change, and signed an agreement with

8040-475: The east. The group included John W. Allen, Sergeant Currier, Charles Hickox, and John B. Waring of Cuyahoga County; William W. Branch, O.A. Crary, David R. Paige, Peleg Phelps Sanford, Lord Sterling, Aaron Wilcox, and Eli T. Wilder of Lake County; and Frederick Carlisle, George G. Gillett, Edwin Harmon, Zaphna Lake, Robert Lyon, and Asaph Turner of Ashtabula County. The Cuyahoga County representatives took

8160-438: The end of July 1849, $ 50,000 ($ 1,800,000 in 2023 dollars) in stock had been sold by the CP&A's incorporators. The stockholders met for the first time on August 1, 1849, and elected Herman B. Ely, George G. Gillett, Alfred Kelley, Tappan Lake, David R. Paige, Peleg P. Sanford, and Samuel L. Selden to the initial board of directors. Kelley was elected president, but due to pressing business had to temporarily step aside. Herman Ely

8280-410: The former break later that day. The Erie Weekly Gazette , however, reported that the break still existed as of February 9, 1854, and Packer had agreed to retain it at least until May 1. Other sources indicate that the break was not removed until March 1855, with the first through trains running on April 1. Some sources place the removal of the break in spring of 1856, while others say, vaguely, that

8400-735: The goal of giving agricultural and timber producers in the Michigan interior access to Lake Erie ports. Horse-drawn trains first ran on the line in November 1836, with steam locomotives taking over the following year. Citizens of Sandusky and Elyria in Ohio now determined to link their cities with Toledo and Cleveland. The Junction Railroad , chartered in 1846, proposed an inland route through Millbury , Fremont , Norwalk , and Grafton , with trackage rights over an existing railroad between Grafton and Cleveland. A second important step came in 1842. The Erie and North East Railroad (E&NE)

8520-440: The grounds of the former Ontario Elementary School, serves 1st and 2nd grade students. Sandusky Intermediate School serves grades 3rd through 6th. Sandusky Middle School, serves grades 7th and 8th, which moved to Sandusky High School after the closing of Adams Junior High (formerly served 7th grade) and Jackson Junior High (formerly served 8th grade). Sandusky High School serves 9th through 12th grade students. Sandusky Digital Academy

8640-535: The injunction. The CP&A threatened to raise a private militia to protect the property of the FCC if the state could or would not do so. The FCC counter-sued the city, and won a Pennsylvania Supreme Court injunction on December 17 ordering the mayor to stop inciting the mobs. Rioters continued to attack both railroads, and a United States Marshal proved unable to stop the violence and destruction of property. Railroad officials and some members of Congress began to call for Federal troops to be sent to Erie to enforce

8760-399: The intersection of Lake Street (now Lakeside Avenue) and Alba Street (later known as Depot Street, now E. 26th Street), the railroad also built a repair yard that included a car shop, blacksmith shop , lumber shed, paint shop, rail repair shop, and roundhouse. The blacksmith building was 180 by 40 feet (55 by 12 m) and contained 12 forges . The car shop, where rolling stock was repaired,

8880-466: The intersection of Superior Avenue and W. 9th Street). It followed the towpath of the Ohio & Erie Canal south to Kingsbury Run , then moved inland along the stream, following it northeast and east to Euclid Creek . The route then turned north-northeast to Willoughby , where it crossed the Chagrin River . Past the river, the proposed route followed a fairly straight line along the lakeshore to

9000-415: The land it needed and to clear, grade, and fence it. The company also had enough funds to build depots and stations at intervals on the route, and by January 1851 a portion of the route began to be cleared and graded. The directors of the FCC concluded that selling bonds would be better than selling more stock if the necessary funds to finish the Lake Shore Division were to be raised. But with no assets,

9120-529: The largest train shed in the nation. The Pittsburgh and Erie Railroad later rented space in the building, paying one-third of the interest on the cost of construction and one-third of the cost of upkeep. In March 1869, just days before its merger into the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railroad, the CP&A (operating under its new name, the Lake Shore Railway) completed construction on

9240-475: The late 20th century, Battery Park Marina was developed on the original site of the MR&;LE Railroad after restructuring of the industry reduced traffic on the line. The tracks that ran through downtown Sandusky have since been removed. Most of the downtown industrial area is also being redeveloped for other purposes, including mainly marina dockage. The National Arbor Day Foundation has designated Sandusky as

9360-482: The law. A group of townspeople seized and jailed the U.S. Marshal on January 12, releasing him two days later. The marshal's arrest was national news, but President Franklin Pierce declined to send Federal troops to enforce the court orders. Tensions died down considerably when, on January 28, 1854, the Pennsylvania General Assembly enacted legislation declaring the FCC in violation of its charter. The law repealed

9480-402: The lead, and on February 18, 1848, they received a state charter for the Cleveland, Painesville and Ashtabula Railroad (CP&A) to build a rail line from Cleveland to some point on the Ohio-Pennsylvania border. The CP&A had a number of nicknames, and was also known informally as the "Cleveland and Erie Railroad", the "Cleveland and Buffalo Railroad", and the "Lake Shore Railroad". By

9600-430: The line graded and constructed, and conveyed the lateral railroad to the FCC. During the first six months of 1853, the city council and the townspeople of Erie held numerous meetings to discuss rumors that the E&NE would change its gauge to match that of the FCC. The city threatened to revoke the FCC's franchise, which gave it permission to run its line through town. By April, the situation had so deteriorated that

9720-533: The line. Surveying of the potential route began on August 26, 1849, and was completed in December. The FCC's railroad primarily followed the Franklin Canal towpath. North of the French Creek feeder aqueduct at Meadville, two routes were identified to reach Lake Erie. One route followed Cussewago and Conneaut creeks to Erie. The other followed French Creek to Waterford . Just east of Waterford

9840-474: The line. Iron track for the FCC railroad was purchased in March 1851, but on April 15 the Pennsylvania General Assembly enacted a law forbidding any Pennsylvania railroad from connecting with any railroad in New York or Ohio. This apparently delayed construction for about nine months, during which time the CP&A announced it would merge with the FCC. Eventually, legal counsel for the FCC determined that

9960-514: The line. This bar remained in place until May 15, 1856, when the charter was restored to the E&NE. The city of Erie continued to oppose the link between the CP&A and the E&NE. The city took the CP&A to court, but in January 1856 the Pennsylvania Supreme Court held that CP&A had the legal right to connect to the E&NE at the eastern boundary of the Erie city limits. The court issued an injunction against

10080-451: The main line was finished, the FCC said, a route through the city of Erie to the harbor would be surveyed and constructed. For the immediate future, however, both the main line and Lake Shore Division would terminate at the Erie & North East railroad depot at Sassafras and W. 14th Streets. On January 10, 1850, the Cleveland, Painesville and Ashtabula Railroad (then in the process of surveying its own route) agreed to connect its line with

10200-504: The means to opening new markets and bringing capital into the state. Alfred Kelley , a Cleveland lawyer, had been elected the first mayor of the newly incorporated Village of Cleveland in 1815. As a member of the Ohio General Assembly , he championed the construction of canals, and as the first Canal Commissioner oversaw the construction of the Ohio and Erie Canal. Known as the "father of the Ohio and Erie Canal", Kelley

10320-420: The movement of people. The mild climate caused by its proximity to Lake Erie also caused it to become the center of Ohio's wine industry. The presence of limestone was also important in its development. It was also a key location for ice harvesting in the 19th century. Lumber transport, stone quarrying and, in the early 20th century, manufacturing, have all contributed to the city's economic development. Prior to

10440-422: The nearby village of Harborcreek tore up the E&NE's and FCC's track, demolished several of their bridges, and assaulted railroad officials. When the railroads tried to relay the track, the mobs attacked construction workers and tore up the rails again. The city of Erie also tried to obtain an injunction against the FCC for violating its state-issued charter, but the Pennsylvania Supreme Court refused to issue

10560-402: The park has the third-largest collection of roller coasters at 17, behind only Six Flags Magic Mountain . Cedar Point is also the only park in the world to have six roller coasters with heights of over 200 feet (61 m), and numerous Cedar Point roller coasters have set world records, the most notable of these being Magnum XL-200 , Millennium Force , and Top Thrill Dragster each setting

10680-558: The popular village known as Put-in-Bay ), Middle Bass Island and North Bass Island . Themed parties are a common occurrence in the summer season throughout Sandusky and on the neighboring islands, such as "Island Fest", "Rock on the Dock", and "Christmas in July"; thousands of residents and tourists join in the festivities annually. In 2008, the residents of Sandusky hosted their first annual "Barge Party", where boats from as far as Toledo and Cleveland came to dock up their boats together at

10800-408: The population. There were 11,851 households, out of which 28.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.7% were married couples living together, 16.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.6% were non-families. 34.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and

10920-550: The port of Amherstburg in Ontario . Sandusky's original plat was designed by surveyor Hector Kilbourne according to a modified grid plan , known today as the Kilbourne Plat. Kilbourne later became the first Worshipful Master of the first Sandusky Masonic Lodge, known as Science Lodge #50, still in operation on Wayne Street. His design featured a street grid with avenues cutting diagonally to create patterns reminiscent of

11040-743: The record for the tallest full-circuit roller coaster at one point, and GateKeeper having the highest (from ground level) inversion of any roller coaster from 2013 to 2019, and today having the fourth-highest inversion. Cedar Fair operates two water parks in Sandusky: Cedar Point Shores , an outdoor park adjacent to Cedar Point that opened in 1988, and Castaway Bay , an indoor park and resort opened in 2004. Another indoor water park, Great Wolf Lodge , opened in Sandusky in 2001 and features restaurants, arcades, spas, and other children's activities. Kalahari Resorts opened an African safari-themed indoor water park in 2005 that

11160-407: The reference. List of locations, with approximate dates of usage: As of the census of 2010, there were 25,793 people, 11,082 households, and 6,415 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,650.9 inhabitants per square mile (1,023.5/km ). There were 13,386 housing units at an average density of 1,375.7 units per square mile (531.2 units/km ). The racial makeup of the city

11280-483: The road, the CP&A turned to the firm of Harbach, Stone & Witt. Frederick Harbach, Amasa Stone , and Stillman Witt were all personally well known to Alfred Kelley, and the firm was engaged in the construction of Kelley's Cleveland, Columbus & Cincinnati Railroad. With the CCC nearing completion (it opened in February 1851) the CP&A awarded a contract to Harbach, Stone & Witt on July 26, 1850, to build its 71-mile (114 km) line. Construction on

11400-435: The route connected with the Erie and Sunbury Railroad , which (it was assumed) would grant the FCC trackage rights to Erie. The Cussewago/Conneaut route was chosen because although the route crossed ravines 800 to 1,400 feet (240 to 430 m) wide (and two of them more than 100 feet (30 m) deep) it had a ruling grade reported as either 0.28 percent (15 feet per mile) or 0.34 (18 feet per mile). In addition to choosing

11520-432: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Lake Shore Railway . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lake_Shore_Railway&oldid=829924419 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

11640-809: The sandbar, just inside Sandusky Bay. The barge party ensues twice every year, typically in late June and late July. Sandusky is home to several museums and historic homes. These include the Cooke-Dorn House historic site which was the home of Eleutheros Cooke , the Follett House Museum which was the home of Oran Follett , the Maritime Museum of Sandusky, the Merry-Go Round Museum, and the Ohio Veterans Home Museum. Sandusky operates under

11760-699: The short-lived English trading post Fort Sandusky north of the bay, the French Fort Sandoské that replaced it, the British Fort Sandusky on the south shore of the bay, the American Fort Sandusky (later Fort Stephenson ) upriver at Lower Sandusky (now known as Fremont, Ohio ), as well as the Wyandot Indian village of Upper Sandusky farther upriver. Another, less accepted etymologic version claims that

11880-464: The state border. Regular trains began running on the 71-mile (114 km) line on November 20, 1851. The CP&A did not have the legal authority to build a railroad in Pennsylvania. Until the late 1800s, states strictly controlled railroad development by requiring the issuance of charters by their legislatures, and they generally refused to give "foreign" (out-of-state) railroads permission to own or construct railroads within their borders. Moreover,

12000-557: The state from changing their gauges. The E&NE and the New York Central, wishing to avoid transshipment costs, lobbied heavily for repeal of this law, which occurred on April 11, 1853. While the gauge freeze was in place, the Attorney General of Pennsylvania filed suit on October 12, 1852, to enjoin the Franklin Canal Company from opening its nearly-completed railroad. The Attorney General argued that

12120-510: The state legislature and Sandusky was designated the county seat. This led to the foundation of a court house and Sandusky becoming a regional government center. In 1846 Sandusky had a population of approximately 3,000 people. At that point Sandusky had two railroads and was also a main focus of lake traffic. The town then consisted of many stores, two printing offices, two machine shops, two banks, six churches, one high school, and several iron furnaces. The English author Charles Dickens visited

12240-461: The symbols of Freemasonry . On September 17, 1835, Sandusky was the site of groundbreaking for the Mad River and Lake Erie Railroad , which brought change to the town. Industrial areas developed near the railroad and goods were transported through the port. The coal docks located west of downtown still use a portion of the original MR&LE right-of-way. In 1838, Erie County, Ohio was formed by

12360-528: The top employers in the city are: Sandusky has a tourism industry led by the Cedar Point amusement park , as well as various water parks and neighboring islands. It is also noted for being the location of the fictional "Callahan Auto Parts" in the 1995 comedy film Tommy Boy . Cedar Point is a 364-acre (147 ha) amusement park located on a peninsula on Lake Erie . America's second-oldest theme park and popularly known as "America's Roller Coast",

12480-489: The word as "Chinouski." Sandusky Bay , formed at the mouth of the Sandusky River , is identified as "Lac (Lake) Sandouské" on a 1718 map by Guillaume DeLisle. The name "L.(Lac) Sandoski" appears on a 1733 map. Sandusky Bay was also called Lac Ondaské , in another French transliteration of the Wyandot. The river and bay gave rise to a number of eponymous forts and settlements along their shores. These consisted of

12600-554: The world, as well as water parks including Cedar Point Shores , Castaway Bay , Great Wolf Lodge , and Kalahari . The headquarters of Cedar Fair Entertainment Company were located in the city until it merged with Six Flags , who retains some administrative offices in Sandusky. The accepted etymology is that the name "Sandusky" is derived from the Wyandot word saundustee , meaning "water" or andusti , "cold water." In his 1734 history of New France , Charlevoix transliterated

12720-401: Was $ 31,133, and the median income for a family was $ 37,749. Males had a median income of $ 31,269 versus $ 21,926 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 18,111. About 12.2% of families and 15.3% of the population were below the poverty line , including 22.7% of those under age 18 and 10.2% of those age 65 or over. According to Sandusky's 2022 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report,

12840-494: Was 166 feet (51 m) in diameter, and had stalls for 20 engines. The company began expansion of the Lake Street rail repair yard in March 1857. Completed about July 1858, the expansion included a two-story, 70-by-288-foot (21 by 88 m) machine shop. The structure featured steam heat and iron columns that held up the second floor and roof. The machine shop covered the entire first floor. A business office, two storerooms,

12960-402: Was 60 by 200 feet (18 by 61 m), made of brick, and employed 60 men. The lumber shed, which provided wood for rolling stock repair, was 40 by 350 feet (12 by 107 m). The nearby paint shop, where engines and rolling stock could be repainted, was 60 by 200 feet (18 by 61 m). Worn or damaged track was repaired in the rail shop, which had four forges and employed eight men. The roundhouse

13080-413: Was 70.4% White , 22.0% African American , 0.4% Native American , 0.6% Asian , 1.1% from other races , and 5.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.9% of the population. There were 11,082 households, of which 29.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.9% were married couples living together, 19.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.2% had

13200-498: Was also essentially a level grade for almost its entire length, with a ruling gradient of just 0.3 percent. Harbach's 1850 report estimated that building the road would cost $ 488,963 ($ 17,900,000 in 2023 dollars), of which $ 341,295 ($ 12,500,000 in 2023 dollars) would be needed for earthwork, grading, and the construction of masonry bridges. Another $ 6,600 ($ 200,000 in 2023 dollars) per mile would be needed for ties and rails. Initial rolling stock, which included four locomotives ,

13320-640: Was chartered by the state of Pennsylvania to build a line from Erie, Pennsylvania , northeast to the Pennsylvania- New York border, where it would connect with rail lines being built from Buffalo. It was not until 1846, however, that the Dunkirk and State Line Railroad agreed to connect with the Pennsylvania road. Only then was stock in the Erie & North East sold. To complete the line between Buffalo and western Michigan, only two short rail links remained to be completed: Between Erie and

13440-406: Was completed on October 6. Ten months after construction began, the entire right of way to the Ohio-Pennsylvania border had been purchased, two-thirds (60 miles (97 km)) of the road had been graded (to Ashtabula and slightly beyond), and all bridges completed except for the bridge over Conneaut Creek . For the track, the company purchased 65-pound (29 kg) T rails manufactured in

13560-453: Was established in 1808 but was lost at the beginning of the War of 1812 . Development by European Americans of the city of Sandusky, starting in 1818, on the southeast shore of Sandusky Bay, followed settlement of the war of 1812. Part of the city quickly enveloped the site of an earlier small village named Portland (established about 1816). Sandusky was incorporated as a city in 1824. Eventually

13680-473: Was estimated to cost $ 145,425 ($ 5,300,000 in 2023 dollars). Harbach suggested the construction of 13 passenger and freight stations in Ohio at a total cost of $ 39,700 ($ 1,500,000 in 2023 dollars): Doan's Corners (located roughly at the modern intersection of Euclid Avenue and E. 105th Street), East Cleveland , Willoughby, Mentor , Painesville, Perry , Centerville , Unionville , Geneva , Ashtabula , Kingsville , West Conneaut, and Conneaut . To construct

13800-461: Was named acting president until such time as Kelley could take up his duties. Frederick Harbach, a surveyor and engineer for several Ohio railroads, surveyed the route for the CP&A in late 1849 and early 1850. In his report, issued at end of March 1850, Harbach proposed two routes. The "South Route" began at the City Station of the CCC on Station Street (an area south of what is now

13920-409: Was no bar to branch lines, and no deadlines for making the connection to the lakeshore. Moreover, the company argued, the state of Ohio never protested the company's plans while Lake Shore Division was being constructed, even though the company made annual reports to the state legislature documenting its intentions and construction progress. On January 10, 1853, the state supreme court ruled in favor of

14040-407: Was one of the most dominant commercial, financial, and political people in the state of Ohio in the first half of the 1800s. In August 1847, the officers of the nascent Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati Railroad (CCC) asked Kelley to oversee construction of their new road. Kelley agreed, and the line from Cleveland to Columbus and Cincinnati was completed in February 1851. With completion of

14160-535: Was replaced by Amasa Stone. Stone served as the CP&A's president from August 1858 to March 1869. Stone was severely injured in a carriage accident in October 1867, and went to Europe for 15 months beginning in May 1868 to recover his health. John Henry Devereux , the railroad's vice president, oversaw operations in Stone's absence. Devereux remained the railroad's acting president until its March 1869 merger. When

14280-644: Was the center of wood wheel manufacture in the United States. It was also the location of the Ohio State Fish hatchery and the Ohio Soldiers and Sailor's Home. The city developed as a center of paper-making. With a mill in the industrial area near the lake, the Hinde & Dauch Paper Company was the largest employer in the city in the early 1900s. As the 20th century progressed, the economy of Sandusky came to focus mainly on tourism and fishing. Since

14400-430: Was the largest of its kind at one time. Its hotel is the largest in the state of Ohio . The resort also features an 215,000-square-foot (20,000 m ) convention center. May through August every year, Sandusky residents and incoming tourists flock to the neighboring islands north of the city, with many transportation options leaving right from downtown. The islands include Kelleys Island , South Bass Island (host of

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