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30-703: The ship canal project began in 1911 and was officially completed in 1934. Prior to construction of the Lake Washington Ship Canal, otherwise known as the Salmon Bay Waterway, water used to exit Lake Washington via the Black River which flowed from the south end of Lake Washington into the Duwamish River. As early as 1854, there was discussion of building a navigable connection between Lake Washington and Puget Sound for

60-764: A dammed stream about 2 miles (3.2 km) long. Before the 20th century, Lake Washington emptied from its south end into the Black River, which was joined by the Cedar River before meeting the White River (now the lower Green River ; the White River has been diverted south). The confluence of the Black and White rivers created the Duwamish River, which emptied into Elliott Bay in Puget Sound . Thus,

90-711: A public-private entity, the Lake Washington Canal Association, in 1907. Though Chittenden hoped to cap his career with the construction of the Locks, ill health forced him to retire in 1909, though he continued lobbying Congress for the project, and served as a consulting engineer and as a Seattle port commissioner until his death in October 1917. Navigation starts at Webster Point in Lake Washington and continues to Shilshole Bay. Speed limit

120-424: A second, can be used to request an opening. A reciprocal response from a bridge is acknowledgement that the information has been received and the bridge will open in time. Bridges may hold for up to ten minutes before opening, and longer at certain times of the day five short blast from a bridge means that the bridge will not be opening. Non-self-propelled vessels must be towed by a suitable self-propelled vessel past

150-730: Is 7 knots with more restrictions including 2.5 knots for entering and exiting the locks. Canal traffic signals present 1,000 feet (304.8 m) each side of the Montlake Bridge and east of the Fremont bridge and west of the Ballard Bridge . Vessels 300 tons (272.15 metric tons) and vessels with a tow may not pass a red signal. Other Vessels should use caution for on coming large commercial traffic. All bridges can be contacted on channel 13 for an opening or use horn. Horn blasts of one long, at least four seconds, and one short, of about

180-517: Is expected to cost $ 570 million to construct, with 65 percent of funding sourced from Seattle Public Utilities and the remaining 35 percent from the King County government. The project had originally been estimated to cost $ 423 million, but limited supply in the area's busy construction market caused cost overruns. Construction on the 19-foot-wide (5.8 m) tunnel began in June 2021 with

210-424: Is planned to be a 65-foot-tall (20 m) cylinder covered in a steel lattice structure that reaches 80 feet (24 m) in height; it is expected to cost $ 100 million. The tower's design evokes the local maritime industry and is inspired by crab pots ; the lattice will include light-emitting diodes that are programmed to display colors that represent local weather or the pumping station's status. The project

240-589: Is the part of Puget Sound east of a line drawn northeasterly from Seattle 's West Point in the southwest to its Golden Gardens Park in the northeast. On its shores lie Discovery Park , the Lawton Wood section of the Magnolia neighborhood, the neighborhood of Ballard , and Golden Gardens Park. It is home to the Shilshole Bay Marina on Ballard's Seaview Avenue N.W. and communicates with

270-656: The Lake Washington Ship Canal via the Ballard Locks . The name is derived from the Lushootseed word šilšul , which means "threading a needle," referring to Salmon Bay . The name comes from the extremely narrow passageway through which Salmon Bay flows into Shilshole Bay. The fact that Shilshole Bay is named "Shilshole" is a misnomer. The name šilšul only refers to Salmon Bay and the village inside it, however, English speakers applied

300-592: The Montlake Bridge are City of Seattle Designated Landmarks (ID #107995). Black River (Duwamish River) The Black River is a tributary of the Duwamish River in King County in the U.S. state of Washington . It drained Lake Washington until 1916, when the opening of the Lake Washington Ship Canal lowered the lake, causing part of the Black River to dry up. It still exists as

330-599: The Black after passing through Lake Washington. In 1916, with the opening of the Lake Washington Ship Canal in Seattle , the lake's level dropped nearly nine feet and the Black River dried up. Today, part of its bed forms the Black River Riparian Forest and Wetland. The Duwamish people lived along the Black River for many centuries. Duwamish settlements remained along the river until it dried up in 1916. Several indigenous villages were located near

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360-619: The Lake Washington Canal Company, deeding his land to the company. Instead of finishing the canal, the company instead built a tramway to carry coal brought by barge across Lake Washington. In 1883, David Denny and Burke hired a crew of Chinese laborers to complete the canal at Montlake, creating a 16-foot (4.9 m) channel that included a lock, capable of floating logs down from Lake Washington to Lake Union. The Army Corps of Engineers investigated Puget Sound for military defense purposes and chose Lake Washington as

390-643: The Seattle city government to address the issue, signing a consent decree in 2016 to plan a diversion system. The system will use a 2.7-mile (4.3 km) tunnel running along the north side of the canal with access stations at five sites in Fremont, northern Queen Anne, and Ballard before reaching a pump station, where wastewater can continue to the West Point sewage treatment plant. The pump station in Ballard

420-593: The U.S. Navy building the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard in Bremerton, Washington , which is located across the Sound from Seattle. For centuries, people had been dragging boats between the lakes, giving names like "carry a canoe" sxWátSadweehL to the crossing points. In 1854 Seattle pioneer Thomas Mercer proposed canals connecting Lake Union and Lake Washington to Puget Sound in a speech at

450-705: The best location for a Naval base, due to the security of the waters, proximity to supplies of fresh water, coal and timber, and the less corrosive effect on wooden ship hulls of a fresh water port. A report by Lieutenant Thomas H. Hardy of October 13, 1871, forwarded to Congress by Army General Barton S. Alexander of the Board of Engineers of the Pacific Coast said the coal fields of Seattle Coal and Transportation Company , two miles east of Lake Sammamish , supplied 1,500 tons per month of steam ship grade coal, and potentially twice this amount. The route directly across

480-495: The bridge. During heavy or prolonged rain, stormwater runoff and overflowing wastewater from neighborhoods along the Ship Canal is dumped into the waterway. The practice was found to be polluting Salmon Bay and Puget Sound with an average of 130 spills per year dumping 90 million US gallons (340 Ml) of untreated wastewater. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Washington State Department of Ecology ordered

510-622: The confluence of the Black and Duwamish rivers. The area was called "Inside Place" ( Lushootseed : Dx dəw , from which comes the word "Duwamish"), referring to its location inland from Puget Sound. Long used as a place of refuge, the area became home to hundreds of natives displaced by the growing city of Seattle. The Black River was also a big fishery for the Duwamish people, until the river dried up. 47°28′27″N 122°15′3″W  /  47.47417°N 122.25083°W  / 47.47417; -122.25083 Shilshole Bay Shilshole Bay

540-510: The expense and the need for dredging a channel, and that the canal line let out in shoal water that was exposed to heavy seas, and would be less defensible in wartime, being "exposed to the cannonade of an enemy". Alexander was less opposed to digging straight south from Salmon Bay through Interbay to Smith Cove , but would still terminate in shoals and be just as costly as his preferred route from Lake Union through Mercer's Farm into Elliott Bay, while being less defensible. The estimated cost for

570-464: The first Independence Day celebration of the Seattle area's first permanent white settlement, shortly after its founding. Mercer gave the lakes the names they are presently called, over the original Lushootseed names used by the Duwamish , tenas Chuck or XáXu7cHoo ("small great-amount-of-water") for Lake Union and hyas Chuck or Xacuabš ("great-amount-of-water") for Lake Washington. Lake Union

600-400: The launch of a tunnel boring machine , named " Mudhoney " in honor of the local grunge band following a public contest. Tunnel boring from Ballard to Wallingford was completed in June 2023 and construction is scheduled to be completed in 2026. The Canal's crossings, from east to west, are: An additional crossing for transit, bicycles, and pedestrians between the Ballard and Fremont bridges

630-584: The narrowest part of Seattle, that is, Semple's Canal from Leschi straight across to present-day Harbor Island , was rejected in this report because of the 200 to 300 foot height of the hills that would have to be cut through. The route via the Black and Duwamish Rivers would be crooked and several miles in length, would let out into shoals rather than deep water, and would have to be frequently dredged to remove sand brought by river flooding. As to connecting Lake Union to Shilshole Bay —the route ultimately chosen—Gen. Alexander had "serious objections", including

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660-597: The project was $ 4.7 million. In the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1902, Congress directed the Secretary of War to appoint a committee of three officers to study the feasibility of a canal and lock system to connect Puget Sound to Lake Washington. Lieutenant Colonel William H. Heuer, Captain William C. Langfitt and Lieutenant Robert P. Johnson met August, 1902 in Seattle and conducted a survey of possible routes. They examined

690-558: The purpose of transporting logs, milled lumber, and fishing vessels. Thirteen years later, the United States Navy endorsed a canal project, which included a plan for building a naval shipyard on Lake Washington. In 1891 the US Army Corps of Engineers started planning the project. Some preliminary work was begun in 1906, and work began in earnest five years later. The delays in canal planning and construction resulted in

720-612: The route of the Lake Washington Waterway Company, via Shilshole Bay, as well as a route from Lake Union to Smith Cove , the Montlake coal tramway, and Thomas Mercer's farm. In November 1902, a public meeting was called in the Chamber of Commerce hall, but was quickly adjourned because no one came to speak. In 1906, as local debate over the location of the canals continued, and funding from Washington, D.C.

750-482: The same route to Shilshole Bay as Moore, but found the plan too modest, and potentially unsafe. Chittenden said Moore's hope-for budget of $ 500,000 was insufficient, and the locks should be built to accommodate larger vessels, and that the wooden locks would eventually deteriorate and collapse, draining Lake Washington into Puget Sound. Instead, Chittenden proposed a double concrete lock with steel gates, allowing small craft to pass with less waste. A single set of locks on

780-585: The water of rivers emptying into Lake Washington, such as the Sammamish River , once flowed through the Black and Duwamish rivers. Today, Lake Washington's water empties into Puget Sound via the Lake Washington Ship Canal . In November 1911, the Cedar River flooded Renton. In 1912, the Cedar was diverted from the Black River into Lake Washington to avoid future floods. Its water still flowed through

810-502: The western end of Salmon Bay would be used in place of the small wooden lock near Fremont Avenue, which would lower Lake Washington to the same level as Lake Union. Having a single lock between Puget Sound and the freshwater lakes would reduce the risk of flooding and reduce overall cost of the project. Before he could move forward, Chittenden had to sway local leaders away from supporting Moore's project. After enthusiasm for his canal eroded and funding dried up, Moore transferred his rights to

840-463: Was chosen to suggest the future canals merging the waters, and Lake Washington for George Washington . In 1860 local landowner Harvey L. Pike tried to dig a ditch by himself with pick and shovel at Montlake to transport logs between Portage Bay and Union Bay , in the hopes of increasing the value of his property along the route. Giving up on digging the first Portage Canal himself, in 1871 he joined Thomas Burke and Daniel Gilman in incorporating

870-496: Was delayed, Seattle developer James A. Moore , known today for the Moore Theatre and Moore Haven, Florida , proposed a canal that could accommodate small ships, with two wooden locks connecting Salmon Bay to Shilshole Bay . Moore secured Congressional approval for his project, granting him rights to build. In April of the same year, Hiram M. Chittenden came to Seattle as the new Army District Engineer. Chittenden favored

900-695: Was proposed by Mayor Mike McGinn in 2012, but funding to study its feasibility were rejected by the Seattle City Council . A new Link light rail crossing, carrying the Ballard Link Extension near the existing Ballard Bridge, is planned to be constructed in the 2030s. The Lake Washington Ship Canal and the Hiram M. Chittenden Locks are listed on the National Register of Historic Places . The Montlake Cut , along with

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