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53-556: In 2002, Sea Launch created Land Launch with its Russian and Ukrainian partners. The Russian and Ukrainian partners formed a Russian company Space International Services (SIS) to provide the launch services and launch operations. While the Sea Launch company maintains the rights to market Land Launch to the commercial community, the new entity SIS can market launch services to government customers. Land Launch uses Zenit rockets to conduct commercial satellite launches from

106-574: A Zenit-3SLB was used to place AMOS-3 ( AMOS-60 ) a communications satellite , into a geosynchronous orbit . A second launch was completed on February 26, 2009, when Land Launch successfully launched the Telstar 11N mission. A commercial version of the two-stage Zenit-2M , the Zenit-2SLB, is also offered for commercial launches utilizing Land Launch. However, no launches have been contracted for this smaller rocket. This rocketry article

159-550: A fare increase, as the conversion rate used was 1 euro = 1 US dollar. Fuel surcharges were also published in euros. Its domestic fares were still to be shown in the local currency. Also in December 2006, the airline became the second Russian air carrier to complete, and pass, the IATA Operational Safety Audit , which is the first global air safety standard. In April 2007 S7 announced that it had set up

212-453: A few months after the completion of its purchase of Sea Launch the parent holding company was renamed S7 AirSpace Corporation to reflect the transition from an aviation-only business. On 31 March 2019, chairwoman and co-owner Natalia Fileva died after the Epic LT private plane she was in crashed while landing at Frankfurt Egelsbach Airport . In August 2019, S7 Airlines announced it

265-413: A former mobile/floating oil drilling rig renamed Odyssey . By 2014, it had assembled and launched thirty-two rockets, with an additional three failures and one partial failure. All commercial payloads were communications satellites intended for geostationary transfer orbit with such customers as EchoStar , DirecTV , XM Satellite Radio , PanAmSat , and Thuraya . The approach Sea Launch LLC used

318-534: A majority stake in the bankrupt Transaero ; the proposal was subsequently rejected by shareholders. In 2016, the American band OK Go partnered with S7 to film a "zero-g" music video for their song " Upside Down & Inside Out ", aboard a reduced gravity aircraft . On 28 August 2018, S7 would invest $ 192.87 million in a new manufacturing plant in Moscow, part of its Victory business plan. In December 2018,

371-480: A neutral country. Air Lease Corporation are seeking to recover six Airbus A320s, two Airbus A321ceo, and five A321neo, as the lease payments are not being made. October 2023 saw problems for S7, with spare parts for engines and the servicing of aircraft, as a result of sanctions, have reduced the number of Airbus aircraft that are operational to around 13, or 20%, of the Airbus fleet. In December 2023 an agreement

424-482: A new division, called Globus , focused on charter flights for tourists to foreign holiday destinations. Initially, the aircraft for this division were drawn from the mainline fleet, but during 2010–2014, ten Boeing 737-800 aircraft were leased with an all-economy layout, with the option for a further ten aircraft. S7 joined the Oneworld airline alliance in 2010. In November 2015, S7 Airlines offered to acquire

477-515: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Ukrainian corporation or company article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Sea Launch Sea Launch was a multinational— Norway , Russia , Ukraine , United States — spacecraft launch company founded in 1995 that provided orbital launch services from 1999 to 2014. The company used a mobile maritime launch platform for equatorial launches of commercial payloads on specialized Zenit-3SL rockets from

530-602: Is an airline headquartered in Ob , Novosibirsk Oblast , Russia , with offices in Moscow . As of 2008, it was Russia's largest domestic airline, with its main bases at Domodedovo International Airport and Tolmachevo Airport . It is a member of the Oneworld alliance but its membership is currently suspended due to Russia's invasion of Ukraine . What is now S7 Airlines started in 1957 as "the Tolmachevo united squadron" of

583-562: Is continuing to buy Zenit rockets from Ukraine , and is still promoting its launch services to the international market, even in August 2014. However, in August 2014, Sea Launch conducted a reduction of their staff and removed from operating status both the Commander and Odyssey vessels in order to reduce operating costs during a period where they have no launches scheduled until late 2015. In July 2015, industry experts stated that

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636-422: Is then transferred to a horizontal hangar on the self-propelled launch platform. Following rocket tests, both ships then sail about 4,800 km (3,000 mi) to the equator at 154° West Longitude, 0°N 154°W  /  0°N 154°W  / 0; -154 , in international" waters about 370 km (230 mi) from Kiritimati , Kiribati . The platform travels the distance in about 11 days,

689-693: The Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 45/1 in Kazakhstan . Land Launch missions differ from Sea Launch missions in that the Zenit-3SLB is used, as opposed to the Zenit-3SL . The Zenit-3SLB utilizes substantially the same components as the Zenit-3SL but a smaller payload fairing is used to accommodate the smaller satellites launched from its northern operating location. The first launch was conducted on 28 April 2008 at 05:00 GMT , when

742-547: The Baikonur Cosmodrome in early 2011, while sea-based launches to be resumed in September 2011. Sea Launch emerged from bankruptcy effective October 27, 2010. Energia Overseas Limited, a Russian corporation, is majority owner of the reorganized entity, with Boeing and other American companies retaining minority shares. In 2013, Boeing sued RSC Energia, PO Yuzhnoye and KB Yuzhnoye . According to Boeing

795-526: The Sukhoi Superjet by planning to purchase 25 Sukhoi Superjet 75 aircraft, with an option of 50 more for the new modification of the Superjet family, and become the launch customer. These will replace the airline's aging Embraer 170 aircraft. The airline plans to take deliveries of this aircraft from 2023. However in September 2019, it was announced the project had been scrapped. In October 2018,

848-777: The World Bank (up to $ 175 million, of these up to $ 100 million in Russia and up to $ 75 million in Ukraine) and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (up to $ 65 million). Sea Launch has a reciprocal agreement with Arianespace and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries through the Launch Services Alliance , providing assurance in case either company's system is not able to launch a payload for reasons of reliability, capacity, backlog, or otherwise. This

901-540: The "Land Launch" system is based on a modified version of the Sea Launch vehicle, the three stage Zenit-3SL mod.B rocket. Land Launch's Zenit 3SLB vehicle addresses the launch needs of Block DM (syncom, U.S.), Block Boeing witch TDRSS, commercial satellites weighing up to 3.5 metric tons (3.9 short tons ). The two stage Zenit 2 (first stage LV "Energia) is also available for lifting payloads up to 13 metric tons (14 short tons) to LEO low Earth orbits . The first launch

954-591: The Chinese government was considering the purchase of the Sea Launch command ship and launch platform assets, but this was not confirmed by either company or Chinese government officials. In September 2015, Boeing won a court judgement against the Russian and Ukrainian partners within Sea Launch. The decision set up a court trial planned for November 2015 where Boeing would argue that it was not properly reimbursed for US$ 356 million of expenses incurred while operating

1007-599: The General Directorate of Civil Aviation of the Soviet Union . After the Soviet Union disintegration and during the 1990s Russian economic reforms, a state-run Siberia Airlines was created based on the squadron in 1992 and later privatized in 1994. The same year Siberia was assigned an IATA airline code. In 1997, Siberia Airlines tried to buy Vnukovo Airlines , to make Moscow its next main hub, but

1060-657: The NSS-8 launch failure, Hughes Network Systems switched the launch of SPACEWAY-3 from a Sea Launch Zenit-3SL to an Ariane 5 . Repairs of the launch platform were completed in September 2007. The Sea Launch platform underwent repairs in Canada, docked near CFB Esquimalt , just west of Victoria, British Columbia , and departed on July 31, 2007. Both vessels returned to their home Nimitz military port in Long Beach, California , U.S. During project development in 1998 Boeing

1113-481: The Sea Launch Zenit-3SL rocket carrying NSS-8 and 500 tons of fuel exploded on (flight) launch. Available imagery shows a fireball much larger than the launch platform at sea level. Since the launch pad platform is vacated by all engineers during the automated launch process, there were no injuries. On February 1, 2007, Sea Launch released a statement detailing its status. It is believed that

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1166-490: The Sea Launch launch system. This litigation was decided in favor of Boeing on May 12, 2016. As of December 2015, Roscosmos and Energia were attempting to find a buyer for the Sea Launch assets, due to the high cost of infrastructure maintenance of approximately US$ 30 million per year. In September 2016, S7 Group, owner of S7 Airlines announced they were purchasing Sea Launch. The launch and assembly ship Sea Launch Commander arrived in Russia on March 17, 2020, and

1219-469: The airline absorbed Baikal Airlines and then in 2004, the airline absorbed Chelyabinsk Airlines and Enkor . Siberia Airlines acquired its first non-Russian aircraft, Airbus A310s , in 2004. In the summer of 2004, during the Farnborough Airshow , the company signed a memorandum of understanding to purchase fifty Sukhoi Superjet 100s , with the first to be delivered in 2007. However,

1272-427: The airline announced a proposed order for fifteen Boeing 787 Dreamliners scheduled for delivery in 2014, with an option for ten additional aircraft. However, the order was officially cancelled on 29 January 2009, with S7 stating that it was considering the possibility of taking the aircraft under a leasing scheme. As of November 2008, all Soviet-made aircraft had left the fleet. In April 2018, S7 renewed interest in

1325-455: The airline subsequently dropped its plans to order this aircraft, citing that the aircraft's changed specifications no longer met its requirements. Siberia Airlines rebranded itself as S7 Airlines in 2005. In line with an International Air Transport Association (IATA) resolution, from December 2006 the airline began to publish its fares for international destinations originating in Russia in euros , rather than US dollars . This resulted in

1378-516: The assets of Sea Launch. Launch services were to potentially be provided by S7 Sea Launch, a US subsidiary. However, after moving the two former Sea Launch ships from California to Vladivostok , the S7 Group chairman stated that the program was indefinitely suspended. As of 2020, a replacement for the Zenit launch vehicle, with its Ukrainian first stage, was expected to be years away. Sea Launch

1431-554: The command ship in about eight days. With the platform ballasted to its launch depth of 22 m (72 ft), the hangar is opened, the rocket is mechanically moved to a vertical position, and the launch platform crew evacuates to the command ship which moves about five kilometres (3.1 mi) away. Then, with the launch platform unmanned, the rocket is fueled and launched. The final ten seconds before launch are called out simultaneously in English and Russian . On January 30, 2007,

1484-610: The companies refused to pay more than $ 350 million following the joint venture's bankruptcy filing in 2009. In mid-2014, following the 2014 Russian military invasion in Ukraine and the subsequent unrest in the eastern part of the country , there were a number of Russian media reports that indicated Sea Launch may be planning to inactivate the Odyssey launch platform. The company formally denied those reports in June 2014, indicating it

1537-559: The company was acquired by Russian interests. (1995 to 2010) (2010 to 2018) The project was helped by Hughes Space and Communications , which in 1995 signed the first contract for 10 launches and 10 options, valued at $ 1 billion, and Space Systems/Loral , which then signed a five-launch contract. Total cost of the project has been reported at $ 583 million in 1996. Chase Manhattan arranged about $ 400 million in loans in 1996. Loans were later guaranteed against political instability in Russia and Ukraine through 2012 by

1590-563: The detriment of the corporation’s core activities in 2010-2013. Lopota does not admit guilt, and the Russian Prosecutor General's Office has already twice rejected charges against him. In November 2023, the Investigative Committee again brought charges, this time reducing the amount from 9 billion rubles to 4.2 billion rubles. Using existing Zenit infrastructure at the military Baikonur Cosmodrome ,

1643-466: The engines There are financial and operational performance S7 Airlines starting from 2011: As of November 2023 , the airline serves 10 countries with 134 routes. S7 has codeshare agreement with the following airlines: S7 has interline agreement with the following airlines: As of September 2024 , the S7 Airlines fleet consists of the following aircraft: On 29 May 2007,

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1696-406: The failure was caused by a foreign object being ingested by the engine turbopump, causing the rocket to crash immediately. On February 3, 2007, photographs of the damage were posted on internet forums. The launch platform damage is mostly superficial, though blast deflectors underneath the launch platform were knocked loose and were lost when they fell into the sea. In March 2007, shortly after

1749-620: The first and second stages); by Energia in Kaliningrad, USSR Moscow , Russia ( Block DM-SL for third stage); and by Boeing in Seattle , United States (payload fairing and interstage structure). Sea Launch rockets were assembled in Long Beach , California . The typical assembly was done on board the Assembly and Command Ship (the payload is first tested, fueled and encapsulated in the nearby Payload Processing Facility). The rocket

1802-418: The floating spaceport Sea Launch to operation. He said that before its handover to the company S7 all space launch control equipment was dismantled. Sea Launch was founded by four companies from four countries, which shared the original ownership of offshore Cayman Islands -registered Sea Launch. Ship "Sea Launch" registered Monrovia after reorganising from Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2010, a majority share of

1855-520: The launch system itself, in other words, the equipment needed for bringing the rocket to and placing it at the launch pad and automatically fueling the tanks, all this is done through Russian technologies," Borisov said. In June 2020, the CEO of Russia’s space corporation Roscosmos, Dmitry Rogozin, said in his column in Forbes magazine that Russian specialists would have to exert considerable efforts to restore

1908-541: The merger had been completed. In February 2022, as a result of the Russian invasion of Ukraine , S7 and other Russian airlines were banned from EU airspace and that of other countries. This led to S7 suspending operations in Europe on 25 February 2022 and a suspension of all international flights by 5 March 2022. The owner of aircraft leased to S7 Airlines, AerCap is seeking to repossess their aircraft. In April 2022 S7

1961-480: The platform. Funding was not confirmed at the time of the release. Borisov indicated that before the floating spaceport left its port Long Beach, California, the United States in accordance with its laws removed all equipment from the command ship and the floating platform. "It’s mostly equipment responsible for positioning, based on GPS technologies. We will be able to replace it with GLONASS solutions. As for

2014-446: The provider of the Sea Launch service, Sea Launch Co. LLC, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. Sea Launch asserted that it would "continue to maintain all normal business operations after the filing for reorganization." On August 6, 2010, Energia, which already owned 25% of Sea Launch, announced it planned to acquire a controlling interest of 85% in the company. As a result, the company planned to begin land-based launches from

2067-423: The purchase did not proceed. After the 1998 Russian financial crisis , Vnukovo Airlines was heading towards bankruptcy , and Siberia Airlines offered to merge the two airlines, but Vnukovo refused. In 1999, Siberia Airlines signed a document offering to take over Vnukovo Airlines, in the event Vnukovo ceased operations due to insolvency. Siberia Airlines began merging with Vnukovo Airlines in 2001. The same year,

2120-463: The rocket can travel to the equator for launch, which increases payload capacity. Sea Launch mothballed its ships and put operations on long-term hiatus in 2014, following the Russian invasion of Ukraine . By 2015, discussions on disposition of company assets were underway, and the Sea Launch partners were in a court-administered dispute about unpaid expenses that Boeing claims it incurred. In September 2016, S7 Group, owner of S7 Airlines , purchased

2173-524: The same time United States Customs Service attempted to block Sea Launch from bringing Zenit-3SL rockets (classified as missiles) into California for assembly without a munitions import licence. The matter was settled in the company's favour. Also in 1998, 16 member states of the South Pacific Forum issued a communiqué asking the United States to suspend the project indefinitely until and unless their environmental concerns are remedied. It

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2226-675: The second stage of the rocket. A second rocket failed to launch on January 30, 2007, when Zenit-3SL exploded on the launch pad with the Boeing 702 NSS-8 satellite on board, seconds after engine ignition. All Sea Launch missions to date have used the custom-designed three-stage Zenit-3SL launch vehicle, capable of placing up to 6,000 kg (13,000 lb) of payload into geosynchronous transfer orbit. Sea Launch rocket components are manufactured by SDO Yuzhnoye / PO Yuzhmash in Dnepropetriwsk, USSR Dnipro , Ukraine ( Zenit rocket for

2279-488: Was collecting donations for Siberian forests damaged by massive fires. The airline decided to use a hybrid-retro livery on one of its Airbus A320-200 to the hybrid-retro livery, underlining its previous name and current callsign: Siberia Airlines. The livery is a combination of one from 1992–2005 and one from 2017–today. Also in August 2019, the airline announced that S7 Airlines and Globus Airlines would merge by December 2019, ending Globus' operations. By early December 2019,

2332-661: Was established in 1995 as a consortium of four companies from Norway , Russia , Ukraine and the United States , managed by Boeing with participation from the other shareholders. The first rocket was launched in March 1999. On March 17, 2006, it was announced that Jim Maser , the President and General Manager of Sea Launch, would leave the company to join SpaceX as President and Chief Operating Officer. In June 2009,

2385-820: Was fined US$ 10 million by the United States Department of State for technical violations of the Arms Export Control Act in handling of missile technology while dealing with its foreign Sea Launch partners. This is the largest civil penalty of its kind, although it could have been as much as US$ 102 million. The Sea Launch project was suspended for two months during the investigation. The Department of State found that between January 1994 and January 1998 Boeing illegally exported "defense articles" and "defense services", although no national security breaches were determined. The violations were uncovered by Boeing's internal investigation. At about

2438-408: Was launched on March 27, 1999, and the first commercial satellite on October 9, 1999. Sea Launch has launched 36 rockets with 32 successes and 1 partial success as of March 2019. The first failure, of a Hughes -built communications satellite owned by ICO Global Communications , occurred on the second commercial launch on March 12, 2000, and was blamed on a software error that failed to close a valve in

2491-663: Was moored at the Slavyanka Shipyard after customs procedures. The launch platform Odyssey arrived at the shipyard on March 30. In August 2020, Deputy Prime Minister Yuri Borisov told the media on the sidelines of the Army-2020 forum that the floating spaceport Sea Launch, currently based at Russia’s Slavyanka port in the Primorye Territory, will be restored. The news release indicated it would require about 35 billion rubles (roughly $ 470 million) to restore

2544-638: Was mostly criticized by the island nation of Kiribati . The project was criticized in 1997 by International Transport Workers' Federation (ITWF) for registering its ocean vessels in Liberia . In May 1999 Sea Launch reached an agreement with the ITWF, which allows crew members to use ITWF inspectors. In Russia, since 2014, a criminal investigation has been ongoing against the former president of RSC Energia , Vitaly Lopota. Investigators accuse him of illegally repaying Sea Launch’s debts and purchasing its shares to

2597-556: Was on April 28, 2008, (04.28.2008) when a Zenit-3SLB launched Spacecom Ltd's AMOS-3 spacecraft from LC 45/1 (launch pad) at Baikonur. Advantages of equatorial launch site: Advantages of ocean-based over a conventional land-based launch platform: Sea Launch LLC was awarded the Space Foundation 's Space Achievement Award in 2000. S7 Airlines S7 Airlines , legal name JSC Siberia Airlines ( Russian : АО «Авиакомпания "Сибирь"» , "АО Aviakompania Sibir"),

2650-608: Was reached with AerCap, ALC, SMBC Aviation Capital and others to purchase 45 aircraft for around 45-50 billion rubles, with help from the Russian National Wealth Fund . In July 2024, Dmitry Yadrov, the head of Russia’s civil aviation regulator confirmed reports from S7 that they were "decommissioning" their A320Neo and A321Neo aircraft due to ongoing issues with the Pratt & Whitney PW1000G engines and international sanctions preventing regular maintenance of

2703-612: Was suspended from Oneworld. In July 2022, S7 announced a halt to all plans for its new low-cost subsidiary Citrus due to the required aircraft not being delivered. The US Commerce Department, who had previously sanctioned US manufactured aircraft, extended sanctions to the European manufactured Airbus aircraft in S7's fleet in August 2022. In September 2022, S7 reached an agreement to hand back its two leased Boeing 737 MAX to their lessor. The aircraft VQ-BGV and VQ-BGW, were transferred via

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2756-532: Was to assemble the launcher on a purpose-built ship Sea Launch Commander in Nimitz Rd., Long Beach, California , USA. The assembled spacecraft was then positioned on top of the self-propelled Odyssey floating launch platform and moved to the equatorial Pacific Ocean for launch, with the Sea Launch Commander serving as tracking, command & telemetry (TCT) center. The movable system means

2809-431: Was used for the first time in 2004 when Arianespace's Ariane 5 had to reschedule a group of launches for reliability reasons. In 1999, shortly after the company was founded, the Sea Launch consortium claimed that their launch-related operating costs would be lower than a land-based equivalent due in part to reduced staff requirements. The platform and command ship have 310 crew members. The first demonstration satellite

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