In a bar , a last call ( last orders ) is an announcement made shortly before the bar closes for the night, informing patrons of their last chance to buy alcoholic beverages . There are various means to make the signal, like ringing a bell, flashing the lights, or announcing verbally.
98-679: Last call is an announcement made in a bar before serving drinks is stopped. Last Call may also refer to: Last call Last call times are often legally mandated and vary widely globally as well as locally. Legislation's purposes include reducing late night noise in the neighborhood, traffic crashes, violence, and alcohol related health problems. In New South Wales, there is no specified closing time, but in residential areas, bars are often required to close at midnight. In non-residential areas, some bars are open 24 hours. A six-hour daily closure period applies to new licenses (and extended hours authorizations) granted from 30 October 2008, which
196-444: A bill in parliament that would forbid selling alcohol between 2 and 6 a.m. The bill faced severe resistance from bar and restaurant owners and finally was drawn back. In Tel Aviv, bars are fined for remaining open past 1 a.m. Though few bars actually close at that time, they are forced to pay the "back-door" tax to the municipality, with no recourse to the national government. A number of bars are contemplated closing at
294-509: A mud fort , considered the foundation of modern Bengaluru and its oldest areas, or pétés , which still exist. After the fall of the Vijayanagara Empire, Kempe Gowda declared independence; in 1638, a large Adil Shahi Bijapur army defeated Kempe Gowda III, and Bengaluru came under Shahaji Bhonsle as a jagir , which later became his capital. The Mughals later captured Bengaluru and sold it to Maharaja Devaraja Wodeyar II of
392-492: A closing time as late as 5 a.m. occurs. During the coronavirus pandemic 2020-2021 the alcohol law was used to limit the number of visitors to bars and restaurants (only for those serving alcohol) by setting the closing time to 8 p.m. Turkey does not have a legally mandated closing time. In the new Turkish system, alcohol may no longer be sold in grocery stores past 11pm, but may still be sold in bars and clubs with no legally mandated last call. Standard closing time
490-437: A higher standard of amenities, service and entertainment by, for example, providing a coat check, entertainment programming such as a DJ or live music, and even general cleanliness and "look and feel" count. The laws were loosened beginning of 2018. A last call is not announced per se, but as a custom, the lights are flashed a few times (or in case of a dimly lit establishment such as a nightclub, all lights are left on) to notify
588-566: A large Adil Shahi Bijapur army led by Ranadulla Khan and accompanied by his second in command Shāhji Bhōnslē defeated Kempe Gowda III, and Bengaluru was given to Shāhji as a jagir (feudal estate). Around 1639, he ordered the reconstruction of the destroyed city and the building of new lakes to solve the water shortage in the region. In 1687, the Mughal general Kasim Khan, under orders from Aurangzeb , defeated Ekoji I , son of Shāhji, and sold Bengaluru to Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar (1673–1704),
686-511: A legally mandated closing time. Alcohol may be served or sold anywhere 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. In Rome , an ordinance was passed in January 2009 to make 2 a.m. the last call in Campo de' Fiori and the neighbourhoods of Trastevere and Testaccio . The new last call time for these areas was initiated to curtail nighttime commotion in those popular parts of Rome. Japan does not have
784-548: A legally mandated closing time. Alcohol may be served or sold anywhere 24 hours a day. Until December 18, 2013, bars could close at any time they wanted (often 7 am). Since December 18, 2013, all bars and nightclubs must close at 3 or 4 am. Special conditions apply on Holy/ Maundy Thursday, Holy Saturday (Easter Eve), the day before ANZAC day and Christmas Eve, when bars must close their doors by midnight. Private bars and workingmen's clubs may stay open beyond that curfew. Last call laws vary by municipality. Out of
882-403: A number of organisations for over a couple of days. The heaviest rainfall recorded in a 24-hour period is 179 mm (7 in) recorded on 1 October 1997. In 2022, Bengaluru faced a large amount of rainfall, 368% more than the yearly average. Several areas were flooded, and power supply was also cut off. March record high Bengaluru is a megacity with a population of 8,443,675 in
980-498: A part of the seismic zone II (a stable zone), it has experienced earthquakes of magnitude as high as 4.5 on the Richter scale . Bengaluru has a tropical savanna climate ( Köppen climate classification Aw ) with distinct wet and dry seasons. Due to its high elevation, Bengaluru usually enjoys a more moderate climate throughout the year, although occasional heat waves can make summer somewhat uncomfortable. The coolest month
1078-594: A pleasant climate throughout the year, with its parks and green spaces earning it the reputation of India's "Garden City". Its elevation is the highest of India's major cities. The city's history dates back to around 890, as per the old Kannada stone inscription found at the Nageshwara Temple in Begur, Bengaluru . In 1537, Kempé Gowdā , a feudal ruler under the Vijayanagara Empire , established
SECTION 10
#17327795739791176-401: A political principle not to encourage people to drink more. The latest allowed closing time of bars and restaurant is decided by the municipality but regulated by national laws and rules. The standard latest time is 1 a.m. But in many cities a later time can be allowed on some conditions, like high security and staff educated in responsible serving of alcohol. In some of the largest cities,
1274-549: A population of more than 8 million and a metropolitan population of around 15 million , making it India 's third most populous city and fourth most populous urban agglomeration . It is the most populous city and largest urban agglomeration in South India , and is the 27th largest city in the world . Located on the Deccan Plateau , at a height of over 900 m (3,000 ft) above sea level, Bengaluru has
1372-595: A population of over a million. The city is widely regarded as the " Silicon Valley of India", as the largest IT hub of the country. Infosys , Wipro , Mindtree , Mphasis , Flipkart , and Myntra are headquartered in Bengaluru. IT companies located in the city contributed 33% of India's ₹1,442 billion (US$ 20 billion) IT exports in 2006–07. Bengaluru's IT industry is divided into three main clusters : Software Technology Parks of India (STPI); International Tech Park, Bangalore (ITPB); and Electronic City . Most of
1470-592: A possible floral origin of the name as derived from benga , the Kannada term for Pterocarpus marsupium (also known as the Indian Kino Tree), a species of dry and moist deciduous trees that grows abundantly in the region. On 11 December 2005, the Government of Karnataka accepted a proposal by Jnanpith Award winner U. R. Ananthamurthy to rename Bangalore to Bengalūru . On 27 September 2006,
1568-469: A single urban centre in 1949. The city was generally known as Bangalore in English until the existing Kannada name, Bengalūru , was declared the city's official name in 2006. Bengaluru is considered to be one of the fastest-growing global major metropolises. Recent estimates of the metro economy of its urban area has ranked Bengaluru as one of the most productive metro areas of India. The city
1666-471: A trade office of Canada and a virtual Consulate of the United States. As of 2022, Bengaluru produces around 6000 metric tonnes of solid waste per day. This waste is transported from collection units located near Hesaraghatta Lake , to the garbage dumping sites. The city has considerable dust pollution, hazardous waste disposal, and disorganised, unscientific waste retrievals. The IT hub,
1764-541: A very diverse population, consisting of Dakhini and Urdu-speaking Muslims, Kutchi Memons , Labbay and Mappilas . The Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP, Greater Bengaluru Municipal Corporation ) is in charge of civic administration of the city. It was formed in 2007 by merging 100 wards of the erstwhile Bangalore Mahanagara Palike , with seven neighbouring City Municipal Councils, one Town Municipal Council and 110 villages around Bengaluru. The number of wards increased to 243 in 2022. The BBMP
1862-673: A water supply to the city. Kaveri River flows about 60 miles (100 km) from the city of Bengaluru, and the river Kaveri provides around 80% of the city's water supply and the remaining 20% is obtained from the Thippagondanahalli and Hesaraghatta reservoirs of the Arkavathi river. Bengaluru receives 800 million litres (210 million US gallons) of water a day, more than any other Indian city, but Bengaluru does face occasional water shortages, especially during summer and in years with low rainfall. A random sampling of
1960-467: Is Kannada , spoken by 42.05% of the population. The second-largest language is Tamil , spoken by 16.34% of the population. 13.73% speak Telugu , 13.00% Urdu , 4.64% Hindi , 3.16% Malayalam and 2.05% have Marathi as their first language. Other languages with sizeable numbers of speakers include Konkani , Bengali , Marwari , Tulu , Odia , Gujarati , Kodagu , Punjabi , Lambadi , Sindhi and Nepali . The Kannada language spoken in Bengaluru
2058-542: Is 23.00. There are special provisions for certain holidays and festivals. Bars may get an extended license until 02:30 any night. On 25 October 2022, the Government announced a reform of licensing laws in the Sale of Alcohol Bill 2022 . If passed, the law would permit bars to open until 00:30 every day. "Late bars" would continue to be permitted to open until 02:30, and nightclubs would be permitted to open until 06:00 (with
SECTION 20
#17327795739792156-556: Is January with an average low temperature of 15.1 °C (59.2 °F) and the hottest month is April with an average high of 34.1 °C (93.4 °F). The highest temperature ever recorded in Bengaluru was 39.2 °C (103 °F), recorded 24 April 2016, corresponding with the strong El Niño in that year. The lowest ever recorded is 7.8 °C (46 °F) in January 1884. Winter temperatures rarely drop below 14 °C (57 °F), and summer temperatures seldom exceed 36 °C (97 °F). Bengaluru receives rainfall from both
2254-408: Is a form called 'Old Mysuru Kannada' which is also used in most of the southern part of Karnataka. A vernacular dialect of this, known as Bangalore Kannada , is spoken in Bengaluru and the adjoining Mysore regions. English is extensively spoken and is the principal language of the professional and business class. The major communities of Bengaluru who share a long history in the city, other than
2352-471: Is also the country's fourth largest fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) market. Forbes considers Bengaluru one of "The Next Decade's Fastest-Growing Cities". The city is the third largest hub for high-net-worth individuals . There were a large number of high-net-worth individuals with a ₹ 4.5 crore investment surplus in 2007. In the Ease of Living Index 2020, it was ranked the most livable Indian city with
2450-454: Is considered the pivot for high-technology-based heavy manufacturing industry, with numerous large multinational technology corporations setting up their headquarters there. It is home to many top-tier engineering and research institutions. Bengaluru is known as the "Silicon Valley of India" because it is the nation's leading software exporter as well as a major semiconductor hub. Several state-owned aerospace and defence organisations are in
2548-611: Is increased (i.e. the Olympics, the 60th Anniversary of the PRC), closing times may be in effect in some cities between 1 and 2 a.m. Alcohol is sold through retailers 24 hours a day. Establishments that serve drinks may register as bars and may be open in inhabited areas only indoors and only between 9 p.m. and 6 a.m., but no such restrictions exist if bars are located outside inhabited areas. Various exceptions can be made for bars located in transit facilities, if approved by
2646-565: Is nominated depending on individual and community circumstances. During a significant part of the early 20th century, bars in Australia and New Zealand were closed at 6 p.m. by law. The resulting rush to buy drinks after work was known as the six o'clock swill . Bar closing hours in Austria are regulated by the federated states. In most states bars must close at 4 a.m. although many places have special permits to close later. In
2744-493: Is primarily service oriented and industrial, dominated by information technology, telecommunication, biotechnology, and manufacturing of electronics, machinery, automobiles, food, etc. Major industrial areas around Bengaluru are Adugodi , Bidadi , Bommanahalli , Bommasandra , Domlur , Hoodi , Whitefield , Doddaballapura , Hoskote , Bashettihalli , Yelahanka , Electronic City , Peenya , Krishnarajapuram , Bellandur , Narasapura , Rajajinagar , Mahadevapura etc. It
2842-921: Is regulated by the Karnataka State Pollution Control Board (KSPCB) under the aegis of the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), a Central Government entity. As part of the Waste Management Guidelines, the government of Karnataka through the KSPCB has authorised a few well-established companies to manage biomedical and other hazardous waste in Karnataka. Bengaluru is one of the fastest-growing metropolises in India. Bengaluru contributes 38% of India's total IT exports. Its economy
2940-674: Is regulated through the Bangalore Electricity Supply Company (BESCOM), while water supply and sanitation facilities are provided by the Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board (BWSSB). The city has offices of the Consulate General of Germany , France, Japan, Israel, British Deputy High Commission, along with honorary consulates of Ireland, Finland, Switzerland, Maldives, Mongolia, Sri Lanka and Peru. It also has
3038-475: Is run by a city council of 250 members, including 198 corporators representing each of the wards of the city and 52 other elected representatives, consisting of members of Parliament and the state legislature. Elections to the council are held once every five years and are decided by popular vote . Members contesting elections to the council usually represent one or more of the state's political parties. A mayor and deputy mayor are also elected from
Last Call - Misplaced Pages Continue
3136-602: Is the fifth Indian city to host maximum numbers of Fortune Companies , after Mumbai , Delhi , Kolkata and Chennai . The growth of IT has presented the city with unique challenges. Ideological clashes sometimes occur between the city's IT moguls, who demand an improvement in the city's infrastructure, and the state government, whose electorate is primarily from rural Karnataka. The encouragement of high-tech industry in Bengaluru, for example, has not favoured local employment development, but instead increased land values and forced out small enterprises. The state has also resisted
3234-462: Is the present city's supply of regular piped water. Modern Bengaluru was begun in 1537 by the chieftain Kempe Gowda I , who aligned with the Vijayanagara Empire under Emperor Achyuta Deva Raya to campaign against Gangaraja (whom he defeated and expelled to Kanchi), and who built a mud-brick fort for the people at the site that would become the central part of modern Bengaluru. Kempe Gowda
3332-550: The 2001 Census of India at Jalahalli , Sidhapura and Jadigenahalli, all of which are located on Bengaluru's outskirts today, suggest human settlement around 4000 BCE. Around 1,000 BCE (during the Iron Age ), burial grounds were established at Koramangala and Chikkajala on the outskirts of Bengaluru. Coins of the Roman emperors Augustus , Tiberius , and Claudius found at Yeswanthpur and HAL Airport indicate that
3430-487: The All India Institute of Mental Health (AIIMH) in 1956. By 1961, Bengaluru had become the sixth-largest city in India, with a population of 1,207,000. In the following decades, Bengaluru's manufacturing base continued to expand with the establishment of private companies such as MICO (Motor Industries Company), which set up its manufacturing plant in the city. By the 1980s, urbanisation had spilled over
3528-485: The Bangalore Development Authority in 1976 to coordinate the activities of these two bodies. Public sector employment and education provided opportunities for Kannadigas from the rest of the state to migrate to the city. Bengaluru experienced rapid growth in the decades 1941–51 and 1971–81, which saw the arrival of many immigrants from northern Karnataka. The Government of India set up
3626-611: The Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP) passed a resolution to implement the name change. The government of Karnataka accepted the proposal and it was decided to officially implement the name change from 1 November 2006. The Union government approved this request, along with name changes for 11 other Karnataka cities, in October 2014. Hence, Bangalore was renamed to "Bengaluru" on 1 November 2014. A discovery of Stone Age artefacts during
3724-762: The Kannadigas , are the Telugus and Tamilians , who both migrated to Bengaluru in search of a better livelihood, and the Dakhanis . Already in the 16th century, Bengaluru had few Tamil or Telugu or speakers, who spoke Kannada for business. Telugu-speaking people initially came to Bengaluru on invitation by the Mysore royalty. Other native communities are the Tuluvas and the Konkanis of coastal Karnataka, and
3822-795: The Karnataka High Court , the Vidhana Soudha (the home of the Karnataka state legislature) and Raj Bhavan (the residence of the governor of Karnataka). Bengaluru contributes four members to the lower house of the Indian Parliament , the Lok Sabha , from its four constituencies: Bangalore Rural , Bangalore Central , Bangalore North , and Bangalore South , and 28 members to the Karnataka Legislative Assembly . Electricity in Bengaluru
3920-612: The Kingdom of Mysore . When Haider Ali seized control of the kingdom, Bengaluru's administration passed into his hands. The city was captured by the British East India Company after victory in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1799), which then returned administrative control of the city, along with the kingdom, to Maharaja Krishnaraja Wadiyar III . The old city developed under the dominions of
4018-625: The Kodavas of the state's Kodagu district . The migrant communities include Maharashtrians , Punjabis , Rajasthanis , Gujaratis , Tamilians , Telugus , Malayalis , Odias , Sindhis , Biharis, Jharkhandis, and Bengalis . Bengaluru once had a large Anglo-Indian population, the second-largest after Kolkata . Today, there are around 10,000 Anglo-Indians in Bengaluru. Christians in Bengaluru include Tamil Christians , Mangalorean Catholics , Kannadiga Christians, Malayali Syrian Christians and Northeast Indian Christians . Muslims form
Last Call - Misplaced Pages Continue
4116-502: The Vijayanagara times. An apocryphal story states that the twelfth-century Hoysala king Veera Ballala II , while on a hunting expedition, lost his way in the forest. Tired and hungry, he came across a poor old woman who served him boiled beans. The grateful king named the place "Benda-Kaal-uru" (literally, "town of boiled beans"), which eventually evolved into "Bengalūru". Suryanath Kamath has put forward an explanation of
4214-578: The air quality index (AQI) of twenty stations within the city ranged from 76 to 314, suggesting heavy to severe air pollution around areas of high traffic. Bengaluru has a handful of freshwater lakes and water tanks , the largest of which are Madivala tank, Hebbal Lake , Ulsoor Lake, Yediyur Lake and Sankey Tank . However, about 90% of Bengaluru's lakes are polluted; the city government began revival and conservation efforts in December 2020. Groundwater occurs in silty to sandy layers of
4312-466: The alluvial sediments. The Peninsular Gneissic Complex (PGC) is the most dominant rock unit in the area and includes granites , gneisses and migmatites , while the soils of Bengaluru consist of red laterite and red, fine loamy to clayey soils. The city's vegetation is mostly large deciduous canopy and some coconut trees. Many trees are frequently felled to pave way for infrastructure development. Though Bengaluru has been classified as
4410-750: The hydroelectric plant situated in Shivanasamudra . The Indian Institute of Science was established in 1909, which subsequently played a major role in developing the city as a science research hub. In 1912, the Bangalore torpedo , an offensive explosive weapon widely used in World War I and World War II , was devised in Bengaluru by British army officer Captain McClintock of the Madras Sappers and Miners . Bengaluru's reputation as
4508-566: The labour unrest in Binny Mills due to demand by textile workers for payment of bonus resulted in lathi charging and police firing, resulting in the death of four workers, and several injuries. In July 1928, there were notable communal disturbances in Bengaluru, like when a Ganesh idol was removed from a school compound in the Sultanpet area of Bengaluru. In 1940, the first flight between Bengaluru and Mumbai took off, which placed
4606-610: The police commissioner is Pratap Reddy. Bengaluru's rapid growth has created several administrative problems relating to traffic congestion and degrading infrastructure. The unplanned nature of growth in the city resulted in massive traffic gridlocks ; a flyover system and one-way traffic systems were introduced, which were only moderately successful. A 2003 Battelle Environmental Evaluation System (BEES) evaluation of Bengaluru's physical, biological and socioeconomic parameters indicated that Bengaluru's water quality and terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems were close to ideal, while
4704-483: The "Garden City of India" began in 1927 with the silver jubilee celebrations of the rule of Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV . Several projects such as the construction of parks, public buildings and hospitals were instituted to improve the city. Bengaluru played an important role during the Indian independence movement . Mahatma Gandhi visited the city in 1927 and 1934 and addressed public meetings here. In 1926,
4802-591: The 19th century, Bengaluru essentially became a twin city , with the "pētē", whose residents were predominantly Kannadigas and the cantonment created by the British. Throughout the 19th century, the Cantonment gradually expanded and acquired a distinct cultural and political salience as it was governed directly by the British and was known as the Civil and Military Station of Bangalore. While it remained in
4900-509: The 2011 census of India, 79% of Bengaluru's population is Hindu , a little less than the national average . Muslims comprise 13.9% of the population, roughly the same as their national average. Christians and Jains account for 5.4% and 1.0% of the population, respectively, double that of their national averages. The city has a literacy rate of 90%. Roughly 10% of Bengaluru's population lives in slums —a relatively low proportion when compared to other cities in
4998-526: The 21st century, Bengaluru has had major terrorist attacks in 2008 , 2010 , and 2013 . Bengaluru lies in the southeast of the South Indian state of Karnataka. It is in the heart of the Mysore Plateau (a region of the larger Cretaceous Deccan Plateau ) at an average elevation of 900 m (2,953 ft). It covers an area of 741 km (286 sq mi). The majority of
SECTION 50
#17327795739795096-426: The 357 municipalities of Norway, almost 50% have established a closing time or "last call" at 2 a.m. Only 1 in 7 municipalities serves drinks until the maximum allowance at 3 a.m. That is a major decrease over the last few years because of the government's belief that reduced drinking hours equal less fighting, noise, disturbance, etc. In Sweden , explicit last calls do not take place, as it would violate
5194-679: The Aigandapura complex near Hesaraghatta , Mukthi Natheshwara Temple at Binnamangala, Choleshwara Temple at Begur , Someshwara Temple at Ulsoor , date from the Chola era. In 1117, the Hoysala king Vishnuvardhana defeated the Cholas in the Battle of Talakad in south Karnataka, and extended its rule over the region. Vishnuvardhana expelled the Cholas from all parts of the Mysore state. By
5292-707: The British returned administrative control of the Bengaluru pētē to the Maharaja of Mysore and was incorporated into the Princely State of Mysore , which existed as a nominally sovereign entity of the British Raj . The old pētē developed in the dominions of the Maharaja of Mysore. The Residency of Mysore State was first established in Mysore City in 1799 and later shifted to Bengaluru in 1804. It
5390-603: The Doddapētē Square—the heart of Bengaluru. Kempe Gowda I's During the Vijayanagara rule, many saints and poets referred to Bengaluru as "Devarāyanagara" and "Kalyānapura" or "Kalyānapuri" ("Auspicious City"). After the fall of the Vijayanagara Empire in 1565 in the Battle of Talikota , Kempe Gowda I declared independence. His successor, Kempe Gowda II, built four towers that marked Bengaluru's boundary. Then in 1638,
5488-770: The Traffic Police, the City Armed Reserve, the Central Crime Branch and the City Crime Record Bureau and runs 86 police stations, including two all-women police stations. Other units within the BCP include Traffic Police, City Armed Reserve (CAR), City Special Branch (CSB), City Crime Branch (CCB) and City Crime Records Bureau (CCRB). As capital of the state of Karnataka, Bengaluru houses important state government facilities such as
5586-401: The U.S., the last call time varies mostly on state, county and/or municipality. The governing authority of any municipality within a parish with a population between fifty-three thousand and sixty thousand persons according to the most recent federal decennial census may enact ordinances to regulate the closing times of bars located within the municipality, subject to approval by a majority of
5684-582: The Whitefield region, is the most polluted area in Bengaluru. In 2016, a study found that over 36% of diesel vehicles in the city exceed the national limit for emissions. Anil Kumar, Commissioner of the BBMP, said: "The deteriorating air quality in cities and its impact on public health is an area of growing concern for city authorities. While much is already being done about collecting and monitoring air quality data, little focus has been given on managing
5782-557: The area. The new centre had its own municipal and administrative apparatus, though technically it was a British enclave within the territory of the Wodeyar Kings of the Princely State of Mysore . Two important developments which contributed to the rapid growth of the city, include the introduction of telegraph connections to all major Indian cities in 1853 and a rail connection to Madras (now Chennai), in 1864. In
5880-569: The building of the Lal Bagh Botanical Gardens in 1760. Under them, Bengaluru developed into a commercial and military centre of strategic importance. The Bengaluru fort was captured by British forces under Lord Cornwallis on 21 March 1791 during the Third Anglo-Mysore War and formed a centre for British resistance against Tipu Sultan. Following Tipu's death in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1799),
5978-701: The capital, Vienna , bars and clubs are allowed to stay open until 6 a.m. Alcohol is allowed to be served until the bar or club closes. There is no legally mandated last call in Belgium; many bars will stay open all night. There is no legally mandated last call in Brazil; many bars will stay open all night. Some cities have laws that require bars to close during the early morning hours. Many bars, KTVs and nightclubs have no specific last call and will continue to sell alcohol and stay open provided there are paying customers present. During times when national security
SECTION 60
#17327795739796076-772: The city and 10,456,000 in the urban agglomeration, up from 8.5 million at the 2011 census. It is the third most populous city in India, the 18th most populous city in the world and the fifth most populous urban agglomeration in India. With a growth rate of 38% during the decade, Bengaluru was the fastest-growing Indian metropolis after New Delhi between 1991 and 2001. Residents of Bengaluru are referred to as "Bangaloreans" in English, Bengaloorinavaru or Bengaloorigaru in Kannada and Banglori in Hindi or Urdu . People from other states have migrated to Bengaluru to study or work there as well. According to
6174-504: The city and connects with five sewage treatment centres located in the city's periphery. In the 16th century, Kempe Gowda I constructed many lakes to meet the town's water requirements. The Kempambudhi Kere, since overrun by modern development, was prominent among those lakes. In the first half of the 20th century, the Nandi Hills waterworks were commissioned by Sir Mirza Ismail ( Diwan of Mysore, 1926–41 CE) to provide
6272-474: The city of Bengaluru lies in the Bangalore Urban district of Karnataka and the surrounding rural areas are a part of the Bangalore Rural district . The Government of Karnataka has carved out the new district of Ramanagara from the old Bangalore Rural district. Bengaluru's topography is generally flat, although the western parts of the city are hilly. The highest point is Vidyaranyapura Doddabettahalli , 962 m (3,156 ft) above sea level, situated to
6370-401: The city on India's urban map. After India's independence in August 1947, Bengaluru remained in the newly carved Mysore State of which the Maharaja of Mysore was the Rajapramukh (appointed governor). The "City Improvement Trust" was formed in 1945, and in 1949, the "City" and the "Cantonment" merged to form the Bangalore City Corporation . The Government of Karnataka later constituted
6468-404: The city's socioeconomic parameters (traffic, quality of life ) air quality and noise pollution were poor. The BBMP works in conjunction with the Bangalore Development Authority (BDA) and the Agenda for Bangalore's Infrastructure and Development Task Force (ABIDe) to design and implement civic and infrastructural projects. The Bengaluru City Police (BCP) has seven geographic zones, includes
6566-415: The city. The presence of numerous notable sporting arenas in Bengaluru makes it one of the country's sporting hubs. Bangalore is an anglicised version of the city's Kannada name Bengalūru . It was the name of a village near Kodigehalli in Bengaluru city today and was used by Kempe Gowda to name the city as Bengalūru at the time of its foundation in 1537. The earliest reference to the name "Bengalūru"
6664-435: The country who converted Bengaluru's large plots and colonial bungalows into multi-storied apartments. In 1985, Texas Instruments became the first multinational corporation to set up base in Bengaluru. Other information technology companies followed suit and by the end of the 20th century, Bengaluru had established itself as the Silicon Valley of India . Today, Bengaluru is India's third most populous city. During
6762-466: The current boundaries, and in 1986, the Bangalore Metropolitan Region Development Authority , was established to co-ordinate the development of the entire region as a single unit. On 8 February 1981, a major fire broke out at Venus Circus in Bengaluru, where more than 92 people died, the majority of them children. Bengaluru experienced a growth in its real estate market in the 1980s and 1990s, spurred by capital investors from other parts of
6860-627: The customers that serving drinks is over. In Finnish lexicon "valomerkki" (lit. "Light signal") has become a common synonym for ending any activities for the night. Bar closing hours in Germany are regulated by the federated states or cities. Since the 2000s, many federated states and cities have none or relaxed regulations. In many states and cities bars are open as long as there are customers. Open-air locations such as beer gardens often must close at 11 p.m. or 12 a.m. to reduce noise pollution . Exceptions may exist for weekends, Carnival and New Year's Eve . Not all cities strictly enforce
6958-437: The developing world such as Mumbai (50%) and Nairobi (60%). The 2008 National Crime Records Bureau statistics indicate that Bengaluru accounts for 8.5% of the total crimes reported from 35 major cities in India which is an increase in the crime rate when compared to the number of crimes fifteen years ago. In the Ease of Living Index 2020 ( published by the Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs ), it
7056-533: The elected members of the council. Elections to the BBMP were held on 28 March 2010, after a gap of three and a half years since the expiry of the previous elected body's term, and the Bharatiya Janata Party was voted into power – the first time it had ever won a civic poll in the city. Indian National Congress councillor Sampath Raj became the city's mayor in September 2017;
7154-629: The end of the 13th century, Bengaluru became a source of contention between two warring cousins, the Hoysala ruler Veera Ballala III of Halebidu and Ramanatha, who administered from the Hoysala held territory in Tamil Nadu. Veera Ballala III had appointed a civic head at Hudi (now within Bangalore Municipal Corporation limits), thus promoting the village to the status of a town. After Veera Ballala III's death in 1343,
7252-474: The impacts that bad air quality is having on the health of citizens." According to a 2012 report submitted to the World Bank by Karnataka Slum Clearance Board, Bengaluru had 862 slums out of around 2000 slums in all of Karnataka. 42% of the households migrated from different parts of India like Chennai , Hyderabad and most of North India , and 43% of the households had remained in
7350-401: The local authorities, etc. The prescribed working hours for bars are a frequent point of contention between city authorities and local businessmen, particularly during the summer tourist season. Bars are allowed to serve drinks until 1:30 a.m., but a provincial government may at the proprietor's request, grant extensions up to 4 a.m. Extensions require the establishment to maintain
7448-451: The maharaja. In 1809, the British shifted their cantonment to Bengaluru, outside the old city, and a town grew up around it. Following India's independence in 1947, Bengaluru became the capital of Mysore State , and remained the capital when the state was enlarged and unified in 1956 and renamed Karnataka in 1973. The two urban settlements of Bengaluru, the town and the cantonment, which had developed as independent entities, merged into
7546-427: The massive investments required to reverse the rapid decline in city transport, driving new and expanding businesses elsewhere in India. Bengaluru is a hub for Indian biotechnology -related industry and in 2005 was home to around 47% of the 265 biotechnology companies in India, including Biocon , India's largest biotechnology company, giving Bengaluru the nickname of the "Biotech Capital of India". Bengaluru
7644-742: The next empire to rule the region was the Vijayanagara Empire , which itself saw the rise of four dynasties, the Sangamas (1336–1485), the Saluvas (1485–1491), the Tuluvas (1491–1565), and the Aravidu (1565–1646). During the reign of the Vijayanagara Empire, Achyuta Deva Raya of the Tuluva dynasty raised the Shivasamudra Dam across the Arkavati river at Hesaraghatta , whose reservoir
7742-499: The northeast and the southwest monsoons , and the wettest months is September, followed by October and August. The summer heat is moderated by fairly frequent thunderstorms , which occasionally cause power outages and local flooding. Most of the rainfall occurs during the late afternoon or evening and rain before noon is infrequent. November 2015 (290.4 mm) was recorded as one of the wettest months in Bengaluru with heavy rains causing severe flooding in some areas, and closure of
7840-596: The northwest of the city. No major rivers run through the city, although the Arkavathi and South Pennar cross paths at the Nandi Hills , 60 km (37 mi) to the north. River Vrishabhavathi , a minor tributary of the Arkavathi, arises within the city at Basavanagudi and flows through the city. The rivers Arkavathi and Vrishabhavathi together carry much of Bengaluru's sewage . A sewerage system, constructed in 1922, covers 215 km (83 sq mi) of
7938-566: The princely territory of Mysore, Cantonment had a large military presence and a cosmopolitan civilian population that came from outside the princely state of Mysore, including British and Anglo-Indians army officers. Bengaluru was hit by a plague epidemic in 1898 that claimed nearly 3,500 lives. The crisis caused by the outbreak catalysed the city's sanitation process. Telephone lines were laid to help co-ordinate anti-plague operations. Regulations for building new houses with proper sanitation facilities came into effect. A health officer
8036-430: The qualified electors of the municipality voting at an election held for the purpose. Bangalore Bengaluru ( Kannada: [ˈbeŋɡɐɭuːɾu] ; ISO : Beṁgaḷūru ), formerly called Bangalore in English ( / ˈ b æ ŋ ɡ ə l ɔːr , ˌ b æ ŋ ɡ ə ˈ l ɔː r / BANG -gə-lor, - LOR ), is the capital and largest city of the southern Indian state of Karnataka . It has
8134-563: The region was involved in trans-oceanic trade with the Romans and other civilisations in 27 BCE. The region of modern-day Bengaluru was part of several successive South Indian kingdoms. Between the fourth and tenth centuries, the region was ruled by the Western Ganga dynasty of Karnataka, the first dynasty to set up effective control over the region. According to Edgar Thurston , there were twenty-eight kings who ruled Gangavadi from
8232-504: The regulation. In Greece, all bars, cafeterias, clubs and the like will stay open as long as there are customers inside. Usually, cafeterias stay open until 11 p.m., bars until 2 a.m. and clubs until early in the morning, but there is no last call. In 1994, Stelios Papathemelis , the Minister for Public Order, passed a law mandating closing of all bars at 2 a.m. The law was widely unpopular, never materialized fully and
8330-545: The reign of Raja Raja Chola I , the Cholas defeated the Western Gangas under the command of the crown prince Rajendra Chola I , and captured Bengaluru. During this period, the Bengaluru region witnessed the migration of many groups—warriors, administrators, traders, artisans, pastorals, cultivators, and religious personnel from Tamil Nadu and other Kannada-speaking regions. The Chokkanathaswamy temple at Domlur ,
8428-412: The required time and during internationally promoted events such as Gay Pride Week in protest of the city's underhanded hypocrisy in promoting itself as "the city that never sleeps" but also fining the very establishments that make it such a hot tourist spot. Alcohol is no longer sold around the clock in grocery stores, and no sales are allowed between 11 p.m. and 6 a.m. Italy does not have
8526-462: The sale of alcohol ending at 05:00). In Israel, there are no specific closing times and the country has liberal alcohol laws. Bars and clubs in entertainment districts will serve alcohol practically 24 hours a day, while in residential districts local regulations apply; establishments that serve alcohol outside may often have to call their guests inside after midnight or even close completely. In 2006, Knesset member Ruhama Avraham attempted to pass
8624-452: The slums for over 10 years. The Karnataka Municipality works to shift 300 families annually to newly constructed buildings. One-third of these slum clearance projects lacked basic service connections, 60% of slum dwellers lacked complete water supply lines and shared BWSSB water supply. Ιn 2012, Bengaluru generated 2.1 million tonnes of Municipal Solid Waste , or 194.3 kilograms per person. Waste management in Karnataka
8722-717: The start of the Christian era until its conquest by the Cholas. The Western Gangas ruled the region initially as a sovereign power (350–550 CE), and later as feudatories of the Chalukyas of Badami , followed by the Rashtrakutas until the tenth century. The Begur Nageshwara Temple was commissioned around 860, during the reign of the Western Ganga King Ereganga Nitimarga I, and extended by his successor Nitimarga II. Around 1004, during
8820-603: The then ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore for three lakh rupees. After the death of Krishnaraja Wodeyar II in 1759, Hyder Ali , Commander-in-Chief of the Mysore Army, proclaimed himself the de facto ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore. Hyder Ali is credited with building the Delhi and Mysore gates at the northern and southern ends of the city in 1760. The kingdom later passed to Hyder Ali's son Tipu Sultan . Hyder and Tipu directed
8918-454: The vote was boycotted by the BJP . In September 2018, Indian National Congress councillor Gangambike Mallikarjun was elected as mayor, replacing Sampath Raj . In 2019 BJP 's M Goutham Kumar took charge as mayor. On 10 September 2020, the term of the BBMP council ended and Gaurav Gupta was appointed as the administrator of BBMP. The municipal commissioner of Bengaluru is Tushar Giri Nath, and
9016-598: Was 11 pm, but increased flexibility was allowed in November 2005 under the Licensing Act 2003 . The average "Last Call" time is between 11 pm and 1 am in municipalities such as Birmingham and London. This information was taken from two hundred bars from 2014 to 2016. Bars and clubs may apply for individual licenses that allow them to close at any time between 11 pm and 3 am. Some establishments in large cities have 24-hour licenses. In
9114-610: Was abolished a few years later. India closing time of bars vary in different states. In Delhi it is 1 am, Mumbai 1:30 am, Chennai, Hyderabad and Kolkata at midnight. In Chandigarh it is 1 a.m. weekdays and 2 a.m. weekends. In Bangalore it is 11:30 p.m. on weekdays and 1 am on Friday and Saturday nights. Bar closing hours are governed by the Intoxicating Liquor Act 2000 . Generally, bars must close at 23:30 Monday to Thursday, 00:30 on Friday and Saturday, and Sunday closing time
9212-444: Was abolished in 1843, only to be revived in 1881 at Bengaluru and closed down permanently in 1947, with Indian independence . The British found Bengaluru to be a pleasant and appropriate place to station their garrison and therefore moved their cantonment to Bengaluru from Seringapatam in 1809 near Ulsoor , about 6 km (4 mi) northeast of the city. A town grew up around the cantonment, by absorbing several villages in
9310-523: Was appointed and the city divided into four wards for better co-ordination. Victoria Hospital was inaugurated in 1900 by Lord Curzon , the then Governor-General of British India . New extensions in Malleswaram and Basavanagudi were developed in the north and south of the pētē. In 1903, motor vehicles came to be introduced in Bengaluru. In 1906, Bengaluru became one of the first cities in India to have electricity from hydro power , powered by
9408-423: Was found in a ninth-century Western Ganga dynasty stone inscription on a vīra gallu (Kannada: ವೀರಗಲ್ಲು ; lit. ' hero stone ' , a rock edict extolling the virtues of a warrior). According to an Old Kannada inscription found in Begur , "Bengalūrū" was the place of a battle in 890 CE . It was also referred to as "Kalyānapura" or "Kalyānapuri" ("Auspicious City") and "Dēvarāyanagara" during
9506-498: Was ranked the most livable Indian city with a population of over a million. Bengaluru has the same major urbanisation problems seen in many fast-growing cities in developing countries: rapidly escalating social inequality, mass displacement and dispossession, the proliferation of slum settlements, and epidemic public health crisis due to severe water shortage and sewage problems in poor and working-class neighbourhoods. Languages of Bengaluru (2011) The official language of Bengaluru
9604-490: Was restricted by rules made by the Emperor, who feared the potential power of Kempe Gowda and did not allow a stone fort. Kempe Gowda referred to the new town as his " gandubhūmi " or "Land of Heroes". Within the fort, the town was divided into smaller divisions, each called a pētē ( Kannada pronunciation: [peːteː] ). The town had two main streets—Chikkapētē Street and Doddapētē Street. Their intersection formed
#978021