River Lethe is located 18 km (12 mi) west of Mount Katmai , Alaska Peninsula , and is the middle branch of the Ukak River . It flows through the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes and meets the Ukak at 58°23′44″N 155°24′00″W / 58.39556°N 155.40000°W / 58.39556; -155.40000 .
91-511: The river was named in 1917 by R. F. Griggs, National Geographic Society ; inspired by Lethe , the "river of forgetfulness" in the Hades of Greek mythology. A dry channel on Mars (which could carry water or lava) is named Lethe Vallis after this river. 58°23′44″N 155°24′00″W / 58.39556°N 155.40000°W / 58.39556; -155.40000 This article about
182-510: A joint venture owned 68% by GlaxoSmithKline and 32% by Pfizer, with plans to make it a public company . The transaction built on a 2018 transaction where GlaxoSmithKline acquired Novartis ' stake in the GSK-Novartis consumer healthcare joint business. The transaction followed negotiations with other companies including Reckitt Benckiser , Sanofi , Johnson & Johnson , and Procter & Gamble . In September 2019, Pfizer initiated
273-628: A $ 3,435,600 study with the CDC Foundation to research "screen-and-treat" strategies for cryptococcal disease in Botswana . In December 2016, Pfizer acquired AstraZeneca 's small-molecule antibiotics business for $ 1.575 billion. In January 2018, Pfizer announced that it would end its work on research into treatments for Alzheimer's disease and Parkinsonism (a symptom of Parkinson's disease and other conditions). The company said about 300 researchers would lose their jobs. In July 2018,
364-460: A 73% stake. This new, for-profit corporation, would own National Geographic and other magazines, as well as its affiliated television networks—most of which were already owned in joint ventures with 21CF. As a consequence, the Society and 21st Century Fox announced on November 2, 2015, that 9 percent of National Geographic's 2,000 employees, approximately 180 people, would be laid off, constituting
455-558: A cancer medication which was approved for human use by the FDA in January 2006. A related compound, SU11654 ( Toceranib ), was also approved for cancer in dogs , and the ALK inhibitor Crizotinib also grew out of a SUGEN program. In October 2006, the company announced it would acquire PowerMed. On October 15, 2009, Pfizer acquired Wyeth for $ 68 billion in cash and stock, including
546-606: A complaint to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Ventavia fired her later the same day. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) stated in a response to the European Parliament , that "the deficiencies identified do not jeopardize the quality and integrity of the data from the main Comirnaty trial and have no impact on the benefit-risk assessment or on the conclusions on the safety, effectiveness and quality of
637-566: A coordinated research strategy for prioritizing and speeding up development of COVID-19 vaccines and pharmaceutical products. Pfizer joined the partnership as an industry "leadership organization", and participated as a collaborator in ACTIV-led clinical trials. CEO Albert Bourla attended the GAVI COVAX AMC 2021 Investment Opportunity Launch Event, otherwise named One World Protected, on April 15, 2021. In Canada, Pfizer endorsed
728-463: A good part of its endowments. However, the publisher did not generate much profits. By 2009, the society's endowments were about $ 200 million. National Geographic Ventures, its commercial arm, launched a music division, National Geographic Music and Radio, in 2007. The society formed in October 2007 National Geographic Entertainment division to include its entertainment units. In 2013, the society
819-402: A later date. On November 9, 2020, Pfizer announced that BioNTech's COVID-19 vaccine, tested on 43,500 people, was found to be 90% effective at preventing symptomatic COVID-19. The efficacy was updated to 95% a week later. Akiko Iwasaki, an immunologist interviewed by The New York Times , described the efficacy figure as "really a spectacular number." The announcement made Pfizer and BioNTech
910-587: A location in the Lake and Peninsula Borough, Alaska is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article related to a river in Alaska is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . National Geographic Society The National Geographic Society ( NGS ), headquartered in Washington, D.C. , United States, is one of the largest nonprofit scientific and educational organizations in
1001-638: A museum for the public in its Washington, D.C., headquarters. It has helped to sponsor popular traveling exhibits, such as the early 2010s King Tut exhibit featuring artifacts from the tomb of the young Egyptian Pharaoh . The Education Foundation gives grants to education organizations and individuals to improve geography education. The Committee for Research and Exploration has awarded more than 11,000 grants for scientific research and exploration. National Geographic has retail stores in Washington, D.C., London, Sydney, and Panama. The locations outside of
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#17327799733331092-400: A number of sub-branded channels in international markets, such as Nat Geo Wild , Nat Geo People and Nat Geo Kids. The U.S. domestic version of National Geographic Channel was launched in January 2001 as a joint venture of National Geographic and Fox Cable Networks . National Geographic Music and Radio (NGMR) is the music and radio division of National Geographic Ventures. The scope of
1183-447: A prescription anti-inflammatory medication that became Pfizer's first product to reach $ 1 billion in revenue. In 1965, John Powers, Jr. became chief executive officer of the company, succeeding John McKeen. As the area surrounding its Brooklyn, NY plant fell into decline in the 1970s and 1980s, the company formed a public-private partnership with New York City that encompassed the construction of low- and middle-income housing,
1274-406: A result. These skills were applied to the deep-submergence mass production of penicillin , an antibiotic , during World War II in response to the need to treat injured Allied soldiers. The company also embarked on a global soil collection program related to improving production yields of penicillin which ultimately resulted in 135,000 samples. On June 2, 1942, the company incorporated under
1365-467: A series of books about natural remedies and medicinal herbs. Titles include Guide to Medicinal Herbs, Complete Guide to Natural Home Remedies, Nature's Best Remedies, Healing Remedies, and Natural Home Remedies. The books make claims to describe, among other things, plants, herbs, and essential oils purported to help treat diseases and ailments. While giving some appropriate warnings about such concerns as anecdotal evidence and side effects are given,
1456-433: A shortage of calcium citrate . Pfizer imported the compound from Italy for the manufacture of citric acid, and due to the disruption in supply, the company began a search for an alternative. They found this in the form of a fungus capable of fermenting sugar to citric acid. By 1919, the company was able to commercialize production of citric acid from this source. The company developed expertise in fermentation technology as
1547-424: A spokesperson for the drug. The patents for Viagra expired in 2020. In 1991, William C. Steere, Jr. became chief executive officers of the company, succeeding Edmund T. Pratt Jr. In 1991 Pfizer also began marketing Zoloft ( sertraline ), an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class developed nine years earlier by Pfizer chemists Kenneth Koe and Willard Welch. Sertraline
1638-639: A study with the CDC Foundation to investigate the tracking of healthcare-associated infections , scheduled to run through to June 2023. In December 2019, Pfizer awarded the CDC Foundation a further $ 1,948,482 to continue its cryptococcal disease screening and treatment research in nine African countries. In March 2020, Pfizer joined the COVID-19 Therapeutics Accelerator funding vehicle to expedite development of treatments against COVID-19 . The $ 125 million initiative
1729-589: A wide range of individual, charitable, governmental and corporate donors, including the Leonardo DiCaprio Foundation , Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation , Lockheed Martin , Pfizer , National Endowment for the Humanities and many others. The National Geographic Society began as a club for an elite group of academics and wealthy patrons interested in travel and exploration. On January 13, 1888, 33 explorers and scientists gathered at
1820-641: Is an American multinational pharmaceutical and biotechnology corporation headquartered at The Spiral in Manhattan, New York City . The company was established in 1849, in New York by two German entrepreneurs, Charles Pfizer (1824–1906) and his cousin Charles F. Erhart (1821–1891). Pfizer develops and produces medicines and vaccines for immunology , oncology , cardiology , endocrinology , and neurology . The company's largest products by sales are
1911-694: Is around 6.8 million monthly, with some 60 million readers. In addition to its flagship magazine, the Society publishes several other periodicals: The Society also ran an online daily news outlet called National Geographic News . Additionally, the Society publishes atlases , books, and maps through National Geographic Books and National Geographic Maps , commercial publishing divisions of National Geographic Partners . It previously published and co-published other magazines, including National Geographic Adventure , National Geographic Research (a scientific journal), and others, and continues to publish special issues of various magazines. The Society published
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#17327799733332002-495: Is named for Gardiner Greene Hubbard , the first National Geographic Society president. The Hubbard Medal has been presented 44 times as of 2018 , the most recent award going to Peter H. Raven . The National Geographic Society also awards, rarely, the Alexander Graham Bell Medal, for exceptional contributions to geographic research. The award is named after Alexander Graham Bell , scientist, inventor of
2093-479: Is primarily prescribed for major depressive disorder in adult outpatients as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder , panic disorder , and social anxiety disorder in both adults and children. In 2005, the year before it became a generic drug, sales were over $ 3 billion and over 100 million people had been treated with the drug. The patent for Zoloft expired in the summer of 2006. In 1996, Eisai , in partnership with Pfizer, received approval from
2184-685: The Cosmos Club , a private club then located on Lafayette Square in Washington, D.C., to organize "a society for the increase and diffusion of geographical knowledge." After preparing a constitution and a plan of organization, the National Geographic Society was incorporated two weeks later on January 27. Gardiner Greene Hubbard (co-founder of AT&T ) became its first president and his son-in-law, Alexander Graham Bell (also co-founder of AT&T), succeeded him in 1897. In 1899, Bell's son-in-law Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor
2275-529: The Delaware General Corporation Law . Due to price declines for penicillin , Pfizer searched for new antibiotics with greater profit potential. Pfizer discovered oxytetracycline in 1950, and this changed the company from a manufacturer of fine chemicals to a research-based pharmaceutical company. Pfizer developed a drug discovery program focused on in vitro synthesis to augment its research in fermentation technology. In 1959,
2366-669: The FDA . The company began Phase II-III testing on 30,000 people in the last week of July 2020 and was slated to be paid $ 1.95 billion for 100 million doses of the vaccine by the US government. In September 2020, Pfizer and BioNTech announced that they had completed talks with the European Commission to provide an initial 200 million vaccine doses to the EU, with the option to supply another 100 million doses at
2457-526: The Food and Drug Administration approved enzalutamide , developed by Pfizer and Astellas Pharma for patients with castration -resistant prostate cancer . In August 2018, Pfizer signed an agreement with BioNTech to conduct joint research and development activities regarding mRNA -based influenza vaccines . In October 2018, effective January 1, 2019, Albert Bourla was promoted to chief executive officer , succeeding Ian Read , his mentor. In July 2019,
2548-446: The Food and Drug Administration for donepezil under the brand Aricept for treatment of Alzheimer's disease ; Pfizer also received approval for Norvasc ( amlodipine ), an antihypertensive drug of the dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker class. In 1997, the company entered into a co-marketing agreement with Warner–Lambert for Lipitor ( atorvastatin ), a statin for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia . Although atorvastatin
2639-479: The Food and Drug Administration for palbociclib (Ibrance) for treatment of certain types of breast cancer . In March 2015, the company announced it would restart its collaboration with Eli Lilly and Company surrounding the Phase III trial of Tanezumab . In May 2015, Pfizer and a Bar-Ilan University laboratory announced a partnership based on the development of medical DNA nanotechnology . In June 2015,
2730-538: The Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine ($ 11 billion in 2023 revenues), apixaban ($ 6 billion in 2023 revenues), a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine ($ 6 billion in 2023 revenues), palbociclib ($ 4 billion in 2023 revenues), and tafamidis ($ 3 billion in 2023 revenues). In 2023, 46% of the company's revenues came from the United States, 6% came from Japan, and 48% came from other countries. As of 2024,
2821-507: The pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis , acute pain in adults, rheumatoid arthritis , ankylosing spondylitis , painful menstruation , and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis . SUGEN , a company focused on protein kinase inhibitors, had pioneered the use of ATP-mimetic small molecules to block signal transduction . The SUGEN facility was shut down in 2003 by Pfizer, with the loss of more than 300 jobs, and several programs were transferred to Pfizer. These included sunitinib (Sutent),
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2912-425: The FDA approved bosutinib (Bosulif) for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), a rare type of leukemia and a blood and bone marrow disease that affects primarily older adults. In November 2012, Pfizer received approval from the Food and Drug Administration for Xeljanz, a tofacitinib , for rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis . The drug had sales of $ 1.77 billion in 2018, and in January 2019, it
3003-483: The Music & Radio division and promoted the division president David Beal was appointed head of Nat Geo Entertainment. In 2009, the division became a full-service record label as Nat Geo Music with Mat Whittington appointed as president. Pfizer 40°45′01″N 73°58′21″W / 40.75028°N 73.97250°W / 40.75028; -73.97250 Pfizer Inc. ( / ˈ f aɪ z ər / FY -zər )
3094-494: The National Geographic Society currently is Jean Case. Michael Ulica is president. Jill Tiefenthaler is the chief executive officer. The editor-in-chief of National Geographic magazine is Susan Goldberg. Gilbert Melville Grosvenor , a former chairman, received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2005 for his leadership in geography education. In 2004, the National Geographic Society headquarters in Washington, D.C.,
3185-427: The National Geographic Society in 1888: Although Alexander Graham Bell is sometimes discussed as a founder, he was actually the second president, elected on January 7, 1898, and serving until 1903. The Society has helped sponsor many expeditions and research projects over the years. The Hubbard Medal is awarded by the National Geographic Society for distinction in exploration, discovery, and research. The medal
3276-410: The National Geographic Society. National Geographic Films appointed Adam Leipzig as president in 2004. The society formed in October 2007 National Geographic Entertainment division to include Cinema Ventures and Feature Films. In 2008, the film division and Image Nation formed a $ 100 million fund to develop, produce, finance and acquire over five years 10–15 films. The first film the fund invested in
3367-470: The National Geographic organization from members to exhibition to television. There were nine partner museums as of 2012: Television programs produced by the National Geographic Society are also broadcast on television. National Geographic television specials and series have been aired on PBS and other networks in the United States and globally for many years. The Geographic series in
3458-535: The Pfizer CEO Albert Bourla confirmed that the trial results of a fourth dose were pending until March 2022. He said that the firm was setting up a collaboration to develop an anti-COVID pill treatment along with a French company, Novasep . He also said the COVID vaccine was "safe and efficient" for children. In May 2022, reports emerged of patients experiencing "rebound" symptoms after completing
3549-751: The Society and Fox) and magazine publications. The Walt Disney Company assumed 21CF's share of National Geographic Partners in March 2019. Most of National Geographic Partners' businesses predate the establishment in 2015, and even the launch of National Geographic Channel in Asia and Europe by the original News Corporation (of which 21st Century Fox is one of the successors) in the late 1990s. The society formed in October 2007 National Geographic Entertainment division to include Cinema Ventures, Feature Films, Kids Entertainment, Home Entertainment and Music & Radio divisions. Music and Radio division president David Beal
3640-488: The Society operates the magazine , TV channels , a website, worldwide events, and other media operations. The National Geographic Society was founded on January 13, 1888 "to increase and diffuse geographic knowledge". It is governed by a board of trustees whose 33 members include distinguished educators, business executives, former government officials and conservationists . The organization sponsors and funds scientific research and exploration. National Geographic maintains
3731-455: The U.S. started on CBS in 1964, moved to ABC in 1973, shifted to PBS (produced by WQED , Pittsburgh ) in 1975, shifted to NBC in 1995, and returned to PBS in 2000. It moved to National Geographic Channel in 2005. It has featured stories on numerous scientific figures such as Jacques Cousteau , Jane Goodall , and Louis Leakey that not only featured their work but as well helped make them world-famous and accessible to millions. Most of
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3822-624: The United States are operated by Worldwide Retail Store S.L., a Spanish holding company. The Society's media arm is National Geographic Partners , a joint venture between The Walt Disney Company and the Society, which publishes a journal, National Geographic in English and nearly 40 local-language editions. It also publishes other magazines, books, school products, maps, and Web and film products in numerous languages and countries. National Geographic's various media properties reach more than 280 million people monthly. Its efforts are supported by
3913-547: The Ventavia Research Group. Ventavia was hired by Pfizer as a research subcontractor. A regional director (whistleblower) who was employed at Ventavia Research Group has told The BMJ that the company falsified data, unblinded patients, employed inadequately trained vaccinators, and was slow to follow up on adverse events reported in Pfizer's pivotal phase III trial . The regional director, Brook Jackson, emailed
4004-456: The assumption of debt, making Pfizer the largest pharmaceutical company in the world. The acquisition of Wyeth provided Pfizer with a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine , trademarked Prevnar 13 ; this is used for the prevention of invasive pneumococcal infections. The introduction of the original, 7-valent version of the vaccine, developed by Wyeth in February 2000, led to a 75% reduction in
4095-537: The biggest staff reduction in the Society's history. Later, The Walt Disney Company assumed 21CF's share in National Geographic Partners, following the completion of Disney's acquisition of most of 21CF assets on March 20, 2019. On June 29, 2023, National Geographic laid off the remaining staff writers for their magazine and announced the end of their physical news-stand publications in the United States in 2024. The 33 original founders of
4186-489: The books have been criticized from a medical perspective for a number of reasons. These include making recommendations that lack scientific evidence, inconsistent claims from one book to the next as well as internal contradictions, and failure to mention effective and safe alternatives. The journal Skeptical Inquirer devoted thirty-four pages in 2019 discussing these books. Experts such as Harriet Hall , Joe Nickell , Cees Renckens and Barry Kosmin addressed each subject in
4277-468: The camera Robert Peary used at the North Pole and pottery that Jacques Cousteau recovered from a shipwreck. National Geographic Partners , a for-profit joint venture between The Walt Disney Company (which owns a 73% stake) and the Society (which owns 27%), was established in 2015 to handle commercial activities of the Society, including television channels worldwide (which were already co-owned by
4368-924: The combination of torcetrapib and Lipitor (82 deaths during the study) was 60% higher than those taking Lipitor alone (52 deaths during the study). Lipitor alone was not implicated in the results, but Pfizer lost nearly $ 1 billion developing the failed drug and its stock price dropped 11% on the day of the announcement. Between 2007 and 2010, Pfizer spent $ 3.3 million on investigations and legal fees and recovered about $ 5.1 million, and had another $ 5 million of pending recoveries from civil lawsuits against makers of counterfeit prescription drugs. Pfizer has hired customs and narcotics experts worldwide to track down fakes and assemble evidence that can be used to pursue civil suits for trademark infringement . In July 2008, Pfizer announced 275 job cuts at its manufacturing facility in Portage, Michigan . Portage
4459-453: The company acquired Innopharma for $ 225 million, plus up to $ 135 million in milestone payments, in a deal that expanded Pfizer's range of generic and injectable drugs. On January 5, 2015, the company announced it would acquire a controlling interest in Redvax, expanding its vaccine portfolio targeting human cytomegalovirus . In February 2015, the company received approval from
4550-415: The company acquired Nimenrix and Mencevax, meningococcal vaccines , from GlaxoSmithKline for around $ 130 million. In September 2015, Pfizer acquired Hospira for $ 17 billion, including the assumption of debt. Hospira was the largest producer of generic injectable pharmaceuticals in the world. On November 23, 2015, Pfizer and Allergan announced a planned $ 160 billion merger, in
4641-490: The company acquired Therachon for up to $ 810 million, expanding its rare disease portfolio through Therachon's recombinant human fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 compound, aimed at treating conditions such as achondroplasia . Also in July, Pfizer acquired Array Biopharma for $ 10.6 billion, boosting its oncology pipeline. In August 2019, Pfizer merged its consumer health business with that of GlaxoSmithKline, into
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#17327799733334732-683: The company established an animal health division with a 700-acre (2.8 km ) farm and research facility in Terre Haute, Indiana . By the 1950s, Pfizer had established offices in Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Cuba, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, and the United Kingdom. In 1960, the company moved its medical research laboratory operations out of New York City to a new facility in Groton, Connecticut. In 1980, Pfizer launched Feldene ( piroxicam ),
4823-520: The company had not evaluated their COVID-19 vaccine for its ability to reduce transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus prior to its release to the general public. Dutch MEP Rob Roos described the admission as "scandalous". CEO Albert Bourla was slated to attend, but withdrew. Roos' statements in turn have been described as "misleading". In November 2021, Pfizer launched a new COVID-19 oral antivirus treatment known as Paxlovid . In January 2022,
4914-461: The company made a $ 40 million bid for the assets of BIND Therapeutics, which was in bankruptcy . The same month, the company acquired Bamboo Therapeutics for $ 645 million, expanding its gene therapy offerings. In September 2016, the company acquired cancer drug-maker Medivation for $ 14 billion. In October 2016, the company licensed the anti- CTLA4 monoclonal antibody, ONC-392, from OncoImmune. In November 2016, Pfizer funded
5005-528: The company ranks 69th on the Fortune 500 . Pfizer was founded in 1849 as "Charles Pfizer & Company" by Charles Pfizer and Charles F. Erhart , two cousins who had immigrated to the United States from Ludwigsburg, Germany . The business produced chemical compounds, and was headquartered on Bartlett Street in Williamsburgh, New York where they produced an antiparasitic called santonin . This
5096-399: The company received approval for Lyrica ( pregabalin ), an anticonvulsant and anxiolytic medication used to treat epilepsy , neuropathic pain , fibromyalgia , restless leg syndrome , and generalized anxiety disorder . The United States patent on Lyrica was challenged by generic manufacturers and was upheld in 2014, extending the expiration date to 2018. In July 2006, Jeff Kindler
5187-457: The countries put sovereign assets as collateral for payments. According to TBIJ, these negotiation tactics resulted in a months long delay in Pfizer reaching a vaccine agreement with one country and a complete failure to reach agreements with two other countries, including Argentina and Brazil. In November 2021, TBMJ published an article after obtaining information from a whistleblower from
5278-413: The division includes National Geographic Live! events, digital music distribution, music publishing, radio content, Nat Geo Music TV channel (available in parts of Asia and Europe) and film and TV music. Clear Channel , Salem Communications and NPR were distribution partners. In early August 2007, National Geographic Ventures announced the existence of the then-recently formed division. The division
5369-430: The edge of its covers. There are 12 monthly issues of National Geographic per year. The magazine contains articles about geography, popular science, world history, culture, current events and photography of places and things all over the world and universe. National Geographic magazine is currently published in 40 local-language editions in many countries around the world. Combined English and other language circulation
5460-539: The film distribution arm of Destination Cinema and entered the film distribution business. During the COVID-19 pandemic , National Geographic partnered with pharmaceutical company Pfizer to produce a sponsored documentary chronicling the development of Pfizer and BioNTech 's COVID-19 vaccine . National Geographic Cinema Ventures (NGCV) was a giant-screen, 3D and specialty films production and distribution company operated under National Geographic Entertainment. At
5551-563: The first companies to develop and test a working vaccine for COVID-19. Over the following month and a half, regulators in various countries approved Pfizer's vaccine for emergency use. In February 2021, after a year long investigation relying on unnamed officials, Pfizer was accused by The Bureau of Investigative Journalism (TBIJ) of employing "high-level bullying" against at least two Latin American countries during negotiations to acquire COVID-19 vaccines, including requesting that
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#17327799733335642-512: The incidence of invasive pneumococcal infections among children under age 5 in the United States. Pfizer introduced an improved version of the vaccine in 2010, for which it was granted a patent in India in 2017. Prevnar 13 provides coverage of 13 bacterial variants, expanding beyond the original 7-valent version. By 2012, the rate of invasive infections among children under age 5 had been reduced by an additional 50%. In 2010, Ian Read
5733-554: The largest pharmaceutical deal ever and the third largest corporate merger in history. The proposed transaction contemplated that the merged company maintain Allergan's Republic of Ireland domicile, resulting in the new company being subject to corporation tax at the relatively low rate of 12.5%. The deal was to constitute a reverse merger , whereby Allergan acquired Pfizer, with the new company then changing its name to "Pfizer, plc". On April 6, 2016, Pfizer and Allergan terminated
5824-558: The late 1990s, in partnership with the Society. The Society provides programming to the National Geographic-branded channels worldwide, while, as of March 2019, The Walt Disney Company 's subsidiaries ( Walt Disney Television in the United States and Fox Networks Group outside the United States) handle distribution of the channels and advertisement sales. The National Geographic Channel has begun to launch
5915-654: The late 2011 American Alliance of Museums conference, National Geographic Cinema Ventures launched the Museum Partnership Program as museums want a brand for their giant screen theaters. Starting on February 1, 2018, Cosmic Pictures gained distribution rights to a number of the NGCV library. The Museum Partnership Program is the branding and content program of National Geographic Cinema Ventures. Partner museums would receive immediate market exclusivity on their 2 new digital 3D films per year and gain access to
6006-646: The merger agreement after the Obama administration and the United States Department of the Treasury introduced new laws intended to limit corporate inversions (the extent to which companies could move their headquarters overseas in order to reduce the amount of taxes they pay). In June 2016, the company acquired Anacor Pharmaceuticals for $ 5.2 billion, expanding its portfolio in both inflammation and immunology drugs areas. In August 2016,
6097-434: The now-demolished 295 Washington Avenue) and Erhart (at 280 Washington Avenue) established their main residences in the nearby Clinton Hill district, known for its concentration of Gilded Age wealth. In 1881, Pfizer moved its administrative headquarters to 81 Maiden Lane in Manhattan , presaging the company's expansion to Chicago, Illinois a year later. By 1906 sales exceeded $ 3 million. World War I caused
6188-516: The refurbishment of apartment buildings for the homeless and the establishment of a charter school . In 1972, Edmund T. Pratt Jr. became chief executive officer of the company, succeeding John Powers, Jr. In 1981, the company received approval for Diflucan ( fluconazole ), the first oral treatment for severe fungal infections including candidiasis , blastomycosis , coccidiodomycosis , cryptococcosis , histoplasmosis , dermatophytosis , and pityriasis versicolor . In 1986, Pfizer acquired
6279-432: The series of books. Summing up the series, Hall wrote in a review of the series that, "The author Nancy J. Hajeski is a fiction and nonfiction writer with no medical or scientific credentials. The forward is by Tieraona Low Dog, MD, an integrative medicine specialist. ... which is a marketing term designed to infiltrate quackery into science-based medicine." National Geographic Films was a wholly owned taxable subsidiary of
6370-605: The specials were narrated by various actors, including Glenn Close , Linda Hunt , Stacy Keach , Richard Kiley , Burgess Meredith , Susan Sarandon , Alexander Scourby , Martin Sheen , and Peter Strauss . The specials' theme music, by Elmer Bernstein , was also adopted by the National Geographic Channel. Another long-running show is National Geographic Explorer . The original News Corporation launched National Geographic Channel in Asia and Europe in
6461-610: The telephone and the second president of the NGS. Up to mid-2011, the medal has been twice presented: The Society operates the National Geographic Museum, located at 1145 17th Street, NW (17th and M), in Washington, D.C. The museum features changing exhibitions featuring the work of National Geographic explorers, photographers, and scientists. There are also changing exhibits related to natural history, culture, history or society. Permanent exhibits include artifacts like
6552-436: The time, the second-largest pharmaceutical company worldwide. In 2003, Pfizer merged with Pharmacia , and in the process acquired Searle and SUGEN . Searle had developed Flagyl ( metronidazole ), a nitroimidazole antibiotic medication used particularly for anaerobic bacteria and protozoa . Searle also developed celecoxib (Celebrex) a COX-2 inhibitor and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat
6643-849: The use of a vaccine passport mobile app developed by CANImmunize in order to record and track status of COVID-19 vaccination. As the scale of the COVID-19 pandemic became apparent, Pfizer partnered with BioNTech to study and develop COVID-19 mRNA vaccine candidates. Unlike many of its competitors, Pfizer took no initial research funds from the United States' Operation Warp Speed vaccine development program, instead choosing to invest roughly $ 2 billion of its own funds. Pfizer CEO Albert Bourla has said that he declined money from Operation Warp Speed to avoid government intervention, stating later that "when you get money from someone that always comes with strings. They want to see how we are going to progress, what type of moves you are going to do. They want reports. And also, I wanted to keep Pfizer out of politics, by
6734-478: The vaccine". Science-Based Medicine emphasized that Ventavia oversaw just three of the 153 clinical sites involved with Pfizer's trial and "a small fraction (~1,000 by the time the whistleblower was fired) of the trial's over ~44,000 subjects." On 10 October 2022, during a session of the European Parliament 's Special Committee on the COVID-19 Pandemic, Pfizer executive Janine Small testified that
6825-417: The way." In May 2020, Pfizer began testing four different COVID-19 vaccine variations using lipid nanoparticle technology provided by Canadian biotechnology company Acuitas Therapeutics . Vaccines were injected into the first human participants in the U.S. in early May. In July 2020, Pfizer and BioNTech announced that two of the partners' four mRNA vaccine candidates had won fast track designation from
6916-505: The world. Founded in 1888, its interests include geography , archaeology , natural science , the promotion of environmental and historical conservation , and the study of world culture and history . The National Geographic Society's logo is a yellow portrait frame—rectangular in shape— which appears on the margins surrounding the front covers of its magazines and as its television channel logo. Through National Geographic Partners (a joint venture with The Walt Disney Company ),
7007-516: The worldwide rights to Zithromax ( azithromycin ), a macrolide antibiotic that is recommended by the Infectious Disease Society of America as a first line treatment for certain cases of community-acquired pneumonia, from Pliva . In 1989, Pfizer scientists Peter Dunn and Albert Wood created Viagra ( sildenafil ) for treating high blood pressure and angina , a chest pain associated with coronary artery disease . In 1991, it
7098-425: Was The Way Back . Leipzig left the company in January 2010. On March 15, 2010, former Miramax president Daniel Battsek started as National Geographic Films president. Basttsek ended up also over seeing Nat Geo Cinema Ventures distribution and big screen production before he left in 2012 becoming president of Cohen Media Group . Films it has produced include: In 2005, the National Geographic Society acquired
7189-569: Was already creating music for its feature film and kids units. Initially hired to run the division were Mark Bauman, executive vice president of radio and video production, and David Beal, head of music labels, publishing and radio operations. With National Geographic Channels, Music and Radio on October 15, 2007, launched the Nat Geo Music channel in Italy. The society formed in October 2007 National Geographic Entertainment division to include
7280-633: Was an immediate success, although it was production of citric acid that led to Pfizer's growth in the 1880s. Pfizer continued to buy property in the area (by now the Williamsburg district of the city of Brooklyn, New York and beginning in 1898, the City of Greater New York ) to expand its lab and factory, retaining offices on Flushing Avenue until the 1960s; the Brooklyn plant ultimately closed in 2009. Following their success with citric acid, Pfizer (at
7371-441: Was appointed head of Nat Geo Entertainment. The National Geographic Magazine , later shortened to National Geographic , published its first issue in October 1888, nine months after the Society was founded, as the Society's official journal, a benefit for joining the tax-exempt National Geographic Society. Starting with the February 1910 (Vol XXI, No. 2) issue, the magazine began using its now famous trademarked yellow border around
7462-498: Was investigated for possible violation of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act relating to their close association with an Egyptian government official responsible for antiquities. On September 9, 2015, the Society announced that it would re-organize its media properties and publications into a new company known as National Geographic Partners , which would be majority-owned by 21st Century Fox (21CF) with
7553-748: Was launched by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation in partnership with Mastercard and Wellcome Trust , with additional funding announced shortly after from Chan Zuckerberg Initiative , UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office and Madonna . The following month, the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health announced the Accelerating COVID-19 Therapeutic Interventions and Vaccines (ACTIV) public-private partnership to develop
7644-434: Was named chief executive officer of the company, replacing Henry McKinnell . On December 3, 2006, Pfizer ceased development of torcetrapib , a drug that increases production of HDL , which reduces LDL thought to be correlated to heart disease. During a Phase III clinical trial involving 15,000 patients, more deaths than expected occurred in the group that took the medicine, and the mortality rate of patients taking
7735-523: Was named chief executive officer of the company. In February 2011, Pfizer announced the closure of its UK research and development facility (formerly also a manufacturing plant) in Sandwich, Kent , which at the time employed 2,400 people. In March 2011, Pfizer acquired King Pharmaceuticals for $ 3.6 billion in cash. King produced emergency injectables such as the EpiPen . On September 4, 2012,
7826-461: Was named the first full-time editor of National Geographic magazine and served the organization for fifty-five years (until 1954), and members of the Grosvenor family have played important roles in the organization since. Bell and Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor devised the successful marketing notion of Society membership and the first major use of photographs to tell stories in magazines. The chairman of
7917-543: Was one of the first buildings to receive a "Green" certification from Global Green USA . The National Geographic received the prestigious Prince of Asturias Award for Communication and Humanities in October 2006 in Oviedo, Spain . National Geographic Expeditions was launched in 1999 to fulfill one of its mission and for the proceeds to go towards its mission. In 2006, the society purchased Hampton-Brown , an English-as-a-second-language educational material publisher, using
8008-418: Was patented in the United Kingdom as a heart medication. Early trials for the medication showed that it did not work for the treatment of heart disease, but volunteers in the clinical trials had increased erections several days after taking the drug. It was patented in the United States in 1996 and received approval by the Food and Drug Administration in March 1998. In December 1998, Pfizer hired Bob Dole as
8099-602: Was previously the world headquarters of Upjohn Company , which had been acquired as part of Pharmacia. In June 2000, Pfizer acquired Warner-Lambert outright for $ 116 billion. To satisfy conditions imposed by antitrust regulators at the Federal Trade Commission , Pfizer sold off or transferred stakes in several minor products, including RID (a shampoo for treatment of head lice , sold to Bayer ) and Warner-Lambert's antidepressant Celexa (which competes with Zoloft). The acquisition created what was, at
8190-537: Was the fifth statin to be developed, clinical trials showed that atorvastatin caused a more dramatic reduction in low-density lipoprotein pattern C (LDL-C) than the other statin drugs. Upon its patent expiration in 2011, Lipitor was the best-selling drug ever, with approximately $ 125 billion in sales over 14.5 years. In 2001, Henry McKinnell became chief executive officer of the company, replacing William C. Steere, Jr. In 2002, The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation purchased stock in Pfizer. In 2004,
8281-540: Was the top drug in the United States for direct-to-consumer advertising , passing adalimumab (Humira). On February 1, 2013, Zoetis , the Agriculture Division of Pfizer and later Pfizer Animal Health, became a public company via an initial public offering , raising $ 2.2 billion. Later in 2013, Pfizer completed the corporate spin-off of its remaining stake in Zoetis . In September 2014,
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