Lewis Ocean Bay Heritage Preserve is a 10,427-acre natural preserve near Carolina Forest, South Carolina .
76-533: Lewis Ocean Bay Heritage Preserve is named for one of many Carolina Bays . Recent work by the U.S. Geological Survey has interpreted the Carolina Bays as relict thermokarst lakes that formed several thousands of years ago when the climate was colder, drier, and windier. Thermokarst lakes develop by thawing of frozen ground (permafrost) and by subsequent modification by wind and water. Thus, this interpretation suggests that permafrost once extended as far south as
152-566: A South Carolina House of Representatives delegation made up of 10 state representatives. In addition, the county has a South Carolina Senate delegation made up of five state senators. The delegations work concurrently to represent county issues in Columbia . The county's State House of Representatives delegation is currently made up of: The county's State Senate delegation is currently made up of: The county council of Horry County consists of members who represent 11 single-member districts with
228-542: A 0.3–1.2 m thick unit of sand and silty sand (lacustrine deposits and paleosols) that rests on an unconformity above an undisturbed unit of gray clay and sandy clay (with marine shells and burrows) of Pleistocene age. Cores from the adjacent sand rims revealed a 2.6–2.9 m thick unit of silt, sand silt, and silty sand (interpreted as paleosols, shoreline, loess, and eolian deposits) that rests on an unconformity above an undisturbed unit of gray clay and sandy clay (with marine shells and burrows) of Pleistocene age (the same unit that
304-473: A 1.5–3.2 m thick unit of sand, sandy silt, and silty sand (lacustrine deposits) that rests on an unconformity above an undisturbed unit of saprolite (weathered felsic gneiss). These lacustrine deposits yielded a radiocarbon age of ~21,920 years BP. Cores and augers from the adjacent sand rims revealed a 1.5–4.0 m thick unit of muddy sand, sand, and gravel that rests on an unconformity above an undisturbed unit of saprolite/weathered felsic gneiss (the same unit that
380-561: A bypass if there was too much development, and environmentalists feared the road's impact on the preserve. The upgrade to the Robert Grissom Parkway interchange was approved in November 2002, a month before the parkway's opening. The paving of the first section of International Drive, connecting Carolina Forest to Grissom Parkway, was completed in 2004. In April 2009, the area's worst fire in 30 years burned 2000 acres of
456-564: A chairman voted at-large. The county council meets at the Horry County Government and Justice Center in the first week of every month. Patricia S. Hartley is the clerk to council, members of the county council include: The Horry County Police Department provides 24-hour services to the unincorporated areas of the county. It is the only county police department in South Carolina. The Horry County Sheriff's Office
532-542: A few farms. During World War II , a portion of the area was a gunnery range for the United States Army Air Corps , and bombing and machine gun targets and the remnants of an army post can be found. Even before the attack on Pearl Harbor , people were told land was needed for a bombing range. By February 1942, over 200 people had agreed to give up their land and move, and by March 28, only seven families were left. The Conway Bombing and Gunnery Range
608-428: A harder substrate that does not show signs of deformation or other disturbance. The composition and the age of this harder substrate varies from location to location. Stratigraphic relations of some Carolina bays with fields of eolian dunes in river valleys suggest that Carolina bays formed episodically during different times at different places. For example: Cores taken within several Carolina bays have revealed
684-553: A hundred thousand years ago and have since been episodically modified. Recent work by the U.S. Geological Survey has interpreted the Carolina bays as relict thermokarst lakes that have been modified by eolian and lacustrine processes. Modern thermokarst lakes are common today around Barrow (Alaska), and the long axes of these lakes are oblique to the prevailing wind direction. These lakes develop by thawing of frozen ground, with subsequent modification by wind and waves. Thus,
760-528: A large bay in Georgetown County, South Carolina , was used as a bombing practice range during World War II . It has been drained and is mostly used for tree farming today. Others are used for vegetable or field crops with drainage . A study of bays located on the Delmarva peninsula estimated that 70% had been partially or fully converted to agriculture. In South Carolina, Woods Bay , on
836-636: A letter to U.S. District Judge R. Bryan Harwell that the county agreed five areas would not be disturbed more than they had been. On January 20, 2017, the South Carolina Court of Appeals cleared the way for construction to begin. While development has taken place on the east end, the western section will remain protected. International Drive officially opened July 25, 2018. The National Audubon Society considers Lewis Ocean Bay Heritage Preserve "a place of birding significance." It includes black bears , red-cockaded woodpeckers , and orchids . It
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#1732793485110912-512: A sand rim at the margin of this Carolina has yielded an OSL age of ~23,600 years ago. Basal peat bog sediment within this Carolina bay yielded an age of ~8,600 radiocarbon years ago. In a study of several Carolina bays in North Carolina, Gamble et al. (1977) stated that drilling and coring indicated that the bedding and sediments underlying Carolina bays are undisturbed. Studies by Frey, Watts, and Whitehead have also documented that
988-464: A single core, most radiocarbon dates are typically consistent in terms of their stratigraphic position within a core, and accumulation rates calculated from them only are rarely anomalous. Given the nature of radiocarbon dating, discordant dates occasionally occur even in undisturbed deposits, when multiple samples were dated. The occasional discordant dates by themselves are meaningless as an indicator of disturbance. The intact internal stratigraphy of
1064-512: A stratigraphically consistent series of pollen zones, which increased in age consistently with depth from Holocene Stage to the Wisconsin Stage, back into marine isotope stage 5 Flamingo Bay (Aiken County, South Carolina): A core (C1) taken within this Carolina bay revealed a 0.94 m thick unit of quartz sand that rests on an unconformity (paleosol) above an undisturbed unit of sandy silt and clay of Eocene age. Charcoal samples within
1140-565: A stratigraphy of a few meters of sand and/or mud resting on a unconformity above a harder substrate. Carolina bays for which the stratigraphy has been described in some detail include Lake Mattamuskeet ( Hyde County , North Carolina), Wilson's Bay ( Johnston County , North Carolina), Herndon Bay ( Robeson County , North Carolina), Big Bay (Sumter County, South Carolina), Flamingo Bay ( Aiken County , South Carolina), and Duke's Pond (Tattnall County, Georgia). Lake Mattamuskeet (Hyde County, North Carolina): Cores from within this Carolina bay revealed
1216-717: A very distinct orientation tightly clustered about N25°W. Undrained depressions, circular to oval in shape and exhibiting a wide range of area and depth, are also a feature of the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain in Texas and southwest Louisiana. These depressions vary in size from .25 to 2 mi (0.4 to 3 km) in diameter. Within Harris County, Texas, raised rims, which are about 2 ft (0.6 m) high, partially enclose these depressions. Horry County, South Carolina Horry County ( / ˈ ɒr iː / OR -ree )
1292-400: Is necessary for Canby's Dropwort and many of the other species unique to the environment. Most geologists today interpret the Carolina bays as relict geomorphological features that developed via various eolian and lacustrine processes. Multiple lines of evidence, e.g. radiocarbon dating , optically stimulated luminescence dating, and palynology , indicate that the Carolina bays predate
1368-466: Is one of the few places to find Venus flytrap growing naturally. Coastal Carolina University biology professor James Luken predicted in 2008 that in South Carolina, where the species once was found in four counties, the Venus flytrap could be found only in the preserve within 10 years. In 2017, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service announced that with changes in the habitat that included nearby development,
1444-515: Is responsible for courthouse security, processing of warrants, fingerprinting, registration of sex offenders, funeral escorts, background checks, and managing the J. Reuben Long Detention Center. The South Carolina Highway Patrol has a Troop 5 barracks in Conway, and provides services throughout the county. Myrtle Beach, Conway, Briarcliffe Acres, Atlantic Beach, Surfside Beach, Loris, and Aynor all have their own police departments, which patrol within
1520-625: Is the easternmost county in the U.S. state of South Carolina . As of the 2020 census , its population was 351,029. It is the fourth-most populous county in South Carolina. The county seat is Conway . Horry County is the central county in the Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area . It is in the Pee Dee region of South Carolina, about 90 miles (140 km) north of Charleston , and about 130 miles (210 km) east of
1596-632: Is the largest county by land area in South Carolina. The highest point in the county is 124 feet (38 m) above sea level. Horry County is in the northeastern corner of South Carolina. It is a diverse land made up of rivers, beaches, forests, and swamps, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the Little Pee Dee River and Drowning Creek (also known as the Lumber River ) on its western side, and North Carolina to
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#17327934851101672-588: The East Coast of the United States within coastal New York , New Jersey , Delaware , Maryland , Virginia , North Carolina , South Carolina , Georgia , and north Florida . In Maryland, they are called Maryland basins . Within the Delmarva Peninsula , they and other coastal ponds are also called Delmarva bays . The name "Carolina bay" is sometimes attributed to the writings of
1748-622: The South Carolina legislature created the Heritage Trust program, the first of its kind in the United States. The program allowed the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources and other state agencies to preserve areas with valuable and endangered plants, animals and other resources in heritage preserves. In 1989, the first 6,422-acre section of Lewis Ocean Bay Heritage Preserve, with 20 Carolina Bays,
1824-699: The Sumter - Florence county line near Olanta , was designated a state park to preserve it as much as possible in its natural state. Also, 66 Bennett's Bay, near Manning , in Clarendon County, South Carolina , is a designated Heritage Preserve. Another bay in Bamberg County, South Carolina is owned by the South Carolina Native Plant Society, which has been developing a 52-acre (210,000 m ) preserve called
1900-517: The pitcher plant . Other animal life includes bald eagles , raccoons , foxes , squirrels , and quail . Longleaf pine savannas can be found between the bays, though slash pine has been planted. Dwarf live oak and turkey oak are also found. Pottery provides evidence of Native American campsites. Biologist Steve Bennett said the people who camped here hunted deer , which are still hunted today. Carolina Bay Carolina bays are elliptical to circular depressions concentrated along
1976-828: The 0.94 m thick unit of quartz sand yielded radiocarbon ages of ~4,500 to 2,500 years BP. A core (P25) taken from adjacent sand rim revealed a 1.85 m thick unit of Quaternary sand that rests on an unconformity (paleosol) above an undisturbed unit of sandy silt and clay of Eocene age (the same unit that was encountered in core C1 from within the Carolina bay). Moore et al. (2012) reported that sediment samples from sand ridges associated with this Carolina bay have yielded five OSL ages of ~15,000 years ago; ~13,100 years ago; ~11,500 years ago; ~9,200 years ago; and ~5,000 years ago. Brooks et al. (2010) reported that sediment samples from sand ridges associated with this Carolina Bay yielded OSL ages of ~108,700 years ago; and ~40,300 years ago. Duke's Pond (Tattnall County, Georgia): A sediment sample from
2052-664: The 1990s, today, there are almost no elected Democrats left above the county level. No Democratic presidential candidate has received more than 40% of the county's vote since 2000. In 2022, the GDP was $ 18.3 billion (about $ 45,922 per capita), and the real GDP was $ 15.3 billion (about $ 38,472 per capita) in chained 2017 dollars . In 2013, PTR Industries, a gunmaker, relocated to the Cool Springs Business Park near Aynor from Bristol, Connecticut . That state had passed restrictive gun control legislation following
2128-482: The Atlantic Coastal Plain, the orientation of the long axes of Carolina bays varies by 10 to 15 degrees. If the long axes of these Carolina bays, as measured by Johnson (1942), are projected westward, then they generally converge in the area of southeastern Indiana and southwestern Ohio . At the northern end of the distribution of Carolina bays, within the Delmarva Peninsula and New Jersey ,
2204-457: The Carolina Bays during the last ice age and (or) previous ice ages. In the 1800s some of the area had been plantations , and there was a village called Vaught. At one time, major industries in the area were turpentine and logging . Pine stumps still show evidence they were used in making turpentine. George Buist sold the land to Southern Kraft Company, which in turn became part of International Paper . 66,000 acres were mostly wooded with
2280-514: The Carolina bay sediments, as indicated by paleosols and pollen zones (e.g. Big Bay ) refutes such arguments. As discussed by Gaiser, radiocarbon dates reported from any Carolina bay are minimum dates for their formation. The radiocarbon dates only represent times during which organic matter accumulated and was preserved in Carolina bays. At other times, datable organic matter either might not have been preserved as sediment accumulated within them, or older organic matter might have been destroyed when
2356-459: The English explorer John Lawson , who explored North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia during the early 18th century. This attribution, however, is not correct. Lawson described visiting a swamp that contained bay trees , but there is no indication that he wanted to name the swamp with the word "bay". Furthermore, Lawson said that this swamp had steep margins and that he could see mountains to
Lewis Ocean Bay Heritage Preserve - Misplaced Pages Continue
2432-412: The Horry County Government and Justice Center. The sculpture was designed by artist Garland Weeks . Coastal Monument of Conway designed the stone base. The base of the sculpture is inscribed with the names of the 1801 commissioners on one side and the names of 2011 Horry County Council members on the other; a brief biography of General Peter Horry is on the front. It cost slightly more than $ 16,200 for both
2508-865: The International Drive project was expected to cost $ 15.5 million for 5.6 miles between S.C. 90 and River Oaks Drive, with a start date of 2016. But in July 2015, the Coastal Conservation League and the South Carolina Wildlife Federation filed a request asking the state to go back to its original plans. The $ 16.5 million project had already been delayed for two years by environmentalists protesting other RIDE II projects. These were supposed to be completed in order, so delaying other projects also delayed International Drive. Environmentalists sought to protect
2584-499: The International Drive widening. As part of the deal, tunnels and fences would be built to protect bears and give them a means to cross the road. In 2013 the county paid the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources $ 122,210 for the easement, but both requirements were dropped because the county claimed bears left the area after the fire, and the project was expanded to a four-lane road. As of September 2014,
2660-532: The Lisa Matthews Memorial Bay, which is trying to preserve and increase the federally endangered wildflower Oxypolis canbyi (Canby's Dropwort) in the bay. The uplands area surrounding the bay is being restored from a loblolly pine plantation to the original longleaf pine . Included in the longleaf restoration is the restoration of wiregrass ( Aristida beyrichiana ) as a key understory plant. Its flammability aids in periodic burning, which
2736-564: The Vaught Tract, with 23 more Carolina Bays, were purchased in 2013. SCDNR had hoped to buy the tract from the Vaught family since the preserve was created. The tract provides additional preserved green space to serve as a credit to allow widening of Glenns Bay Road. When wetlands are lost to development, developers must buy credits. Another addition in 2005 compensated for an interchange on Carolina Bays Parkway. The most recent addition to
2812-521: The Venus Flytrap needed an Endangered Species Act listing. In the bays themselves, which dry up in the summer, are blueberry , huckleberry , fetterbush and zenobia , along with sweetbay , catbriar , gallberry , titi . pinweed , cowbane , bearded grass pink , buckeye , and balduina . Surrounding the bays are shrub bogs called pocosins with pond pine and loblolly pine . Other plants include mulberry bushes , wax myrtle bushes, and
2888-407: The area has become a destination for retirees and people owning second homes. It has been developed for resorts and retirement communities. The majority-White residents have constituted a majority-Republican voter base since the late 20th century. On October 29, 2012, the county paid homage to the man for whom the county is named. It commissioned a bronze sculpture of Peter Horry, installing it inside
2964-429: The area more easily if the project had been completed. Legislation signed May 6, 2009 was expected to speed up paving of International Drive, which was on a list of projects funded by a one-cent sales tax. The project had been controversial because of the desire to keep the preserve's character and protect its wildlife. In 2010, Horry County asked the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources for an easement for
3040-412: The average orientation of the long axes abruptly shifts by about 112 degrees to N48°E. Farther north, the orientation of the long axes becomes, at best, distinctly bimodal, exhibiting two greatly divergent directions, and, at worst, completely random, lacking any preferred direction. Plate 3 of Rasmussen and Slaughter, which is reproduced as Figure 51 of Kacrovowski, illustrates the disorganized nature of
3116-476: The average trend of the long axes also corresponds with a shift in the average inferred direction of movement of Pleistocene parabolic sand dunes such that their direction of movement is also oblique to the long axes, as is the case in the rest of the Atlantic Coastal Plain. Alternative interpretations of Carolina bays that are no longer viewed favorably by most geologists include: Other landform depressions, not widely accepted as Carolina bays, are present within
Lewis Ocean Bay Heritage Preserve - Misplaced Pages Continue
3192-415: The bays dried out. During times when the water table was below the bottom of a Carolina bay (e.g., possibly during glacial periods when sea level was 130 meters (400 ft) below present), organic matter could have been destroyed by oxidization and weathering. Also, during such times, eolian processes could have eroded any existing sediments at the bottom of Carolina bays. There are some who suggest that
3268-915: The bays' habitats include birds, such as wood storks , herons , egrets , and other migratory waterfowl , mammals such as deer , black bears , raccoons , skunks , and opossums . Other residents include dragonflies , green anoles and green tree frogs . The bays contain trees such as black gum , bald cypress , pond cypress, sweet bay , loblolly bay , red bay , sweet gum , maple , magnolia , pond pine , and shrubs such as fetterbush , clethra , sumac , button bush , zenobia, and gallberry . Plants common in Carolina bays are water lilies , sedges and various grasses . Several carnivorous plants inhabit Carolina bays, including bladderwort , butterwort , pitcher plant , and sundew . Some bays have been greatly modified by human activities including farming , highway building, and construction of housing developments and golf courses . For example, Carvers Bay,
3344-688: The bears, even though documents showed there were only a few, but this would add $ 3 million to the cost of the road. The dispute led to hearings before an administrative law court judge in February 2016. On July 7, 2016, Judge Ralph King Anderson III ruled in favor of building the road, though if environmentalists chose to appeal, the road would not be built for two more years. Late in August 2016, clearing work began, but on August 23, environmentalists asked an administrative law judge to stop work. On November 8, Amy Armstrong, representing environmentalists, said in
3420-570: The bust/sculpture and the stone base. In addition to official and academic resources, local history enthusiasts have contributed to preserving Horry County’s heritage. One example is the Horry County Legacy Project, a website dedicated to documenting and sharing the county’s history. The project, available through the Horry County Museum which features articles, photographs, and other resources that highlight
3496-518: The classic area of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, many in groups aligned in a northwest–southeast direction. Generally the southeastern end has a higher rim composed of white sand. According to published papers and monographs, the average trend of the long axes of Carolina Bays varies from N16°W in east-central Georgia to N22°W in southern South Carolina, N39°W in northern South Carolina, N49°W in North Carolina, and N64°W in Virginia. Within this part of
3572-402: The county. The population density was 237.5 inhabitants per square mile (91.7/km ). The 185,992 housing units averaged 164.0 per square mile (63.3/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 79.9% White, 13.4% Black or African American, 1.0% Asian, 0.5% American Indian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 3.1% from other races, and 2.0% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 6.2% of
3648-406: The county’s cultural and historical development. Local historian Nicholas Gallagher has played a significant role in curating and presenting the content on this platform. According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 1,254.73 square miles (3,249.7 km ), of which 1,133.31 square miles (2,935.3 km ) is land and 121.42 square miles (314.5 km ) (9.68%) is water. It
3724-516: The depression depth, size, hydrology , and subsurface. Many are marshy; a few of the larger ones are (or were before drainage) lakes; 14-square-mile (36 km ) Lake Waccamaw is an undrained example. Some bays are predominantly open water with large scattered pond cypress , while others are composed of thick, shrubby areas ( pocosins ), with vegetation growing on floating peat mats. The bays are especially rich in biodiversity , including some rare and/or endangered species . Species that thrive in
3800-627: The features of the Carolina bays can be readily explained by known terrestrial processes and repeated modification by eolian and lacustrine processes. Also, Quaternary geologists and geomorphologists have found a correspondence in time between when active modification of the rims of Carolina bays most commonly occurred and when adjacent sand dunes were active during the Wisconsin glaciation between 15,000 and 40,000 years (Late Wisconsin) and 70,000 to 80,000 years BP (Early Wisconsin). In addition, Quaternary geologists and geomorphologists have found that
3876-737: The following units: (1) Drilling depth 0 to 4.5 m = eolian sand sheet that overlies the Carolina bay; (2) Drilling depth 4.5 to 9.0 m = silty sand and sandy mud with abundant organic material; and (3) Drilling depth 9.0 to 10.6 m = sandy clay of Pliocene age (Duplin Formation). Sediment samples from sand rims associated with this Carolina bay have yielded four optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages of ~35,700 years ago; ~25,200 years ago; ~11,200 years ago; and ~2,100 years ago. Within cores of undisturbed sediments recovered from Big Bay, North Carolina, Brook and others documented well-defined pollen zones consisting of distinct pollen assemblages. They found
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#17327934851103952-401: The interpretation of Carolina bays as relict thermokarst lakes implies that frozen ground once extended as far south as the Carolina bays. This interpretation is consistent with the optically stimulated luminescence dates, which suggest that the Carolina bays are relict features that formed when the climate was colder, drier, and windier. Quaternary geologists and geomorphologists state that
4028-480: The north. The Waccamaw River , around 140 miles (230 km) long, runs through southeastern North Carolina and eastern South Carolina into Horry County. The river runs through the coastal plain, along the eastern border between the two states, and into the Atlantic Ocean. As of the 2020 census , 351,029 people, 140,260 households, and 89,281 families were residing in the county. At the 2010 census , 269,291 people, 112,225 households, and 72,254 families resided in
4104-548: The northern Gulf of Mexico coastal plain in southern Mississippi and Alabama , where they are known as either Grady ponds or Citronelle ponds . They are also known by a variety of names such as pocks , pock marks , bagols , lacs ronds , and natural ponds. These features in southern Mississippi and Alabama are elliptical to roughly circular in shape. The measurement of the long axes of 200 elliptical Grady / Citronelle ponds in southwestern Baldwin County, Alabama found
4180-470: The oldest radiocarbon date from a Carolina bay only indicates the time when the water table rose high enough for a permanent lake or swamp to exist within it. This interpretation, however, may depend upon the nature of the overlying sediment. For example, eolian processes can bury and preserve organic matter, and thus the preservation of organic matter can occur independently of water table behavior. The bays have many different vegetative structures, based on
4256-472: The orientation is matched by an inferred west to east direction of movement of Pleistocene sand dunes. Northward from northern Georgia to Virginia, the average inferred direction of movement of Pleistocene parabolic sand dunes systematically shifts along with the average orientation of the long axes of Carolina bays as to lie oblique to them. In the Delmarva Peninsula, the 112 degree shift in
4332-569: The orientations of the Carolina bays are consistent with the wind patterns that existed during the Wisconsin glaciation, as reconstructed from the orientations of parabolic dunes in river valleys. Within the Atlantic Coast Plain, the orientation of the long axes of Carolina bays and the inferred direction of movement of adjacent sand dunes, where present, are generally oblique to each other. In southern Georgia and northern Florida,
4408-465: The orientations of the long axes of Carolina bays in Somerset , Wicomico , and Worcester counties, Maryland. At the southern end of their distribution, the Carolina bays in southern Georgia and northern Florida are approximately circular in shape. In this area, they have a weak northerly orientation. Most Carolina bays consist of a few meters of sand and/or mud that rest on an unconformity above
4484-503: The population. In terms of ancestry, 15.3% were American , 13.4% were African American (which can include other ethnicities), 13.3% were Irish , 12.8% were German , 11.3% were English , and 6.1% were Italian . Of the 112,225 households, 27.3% had children under 18 living with them, 47.2% were married couples living together, 12.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 35.6% were not families, and 26.8% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size
4560-426: The preserve and over 19,000 acres total, though controlled burns saved another 1000 acres. Black bear habitat was lost and it was believed the bears would move to other areas. Total estimated property damage was $ 25 million, with agricultural damage of $ 17 million. More than 70 homes were destroyed and 100 others damaged. The fire made paving International Drive more urgent, since emergency vehicles could have reached
4636-411: The preserve is the 25-acre Hinson Tract added in 2014. International Paper, developer of Carolina Forest , had wanted a ramp on Carolina Bays Parkway since the company began Carolina Forest in 1993. Burroughs Road, a dirt road also called International Drive, could provide access to South Carolina Highway 90 if paved. However, opponents of such a plan worried that the parkway would no longer serve as
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#17327934851104712-434: The publication (without quotation marks, and with a capital "B" for the word "Bays"). Carolina bays are present in the U.S. Atlantic Coastal Plain from New York to north Florida. In Maryland, they are called Maryland basins . Within the Delmarva Peninsula , they and other coastal ponds are also called Delmarva bays . Carolina bays vary in size from one to several thousand acres. About 500,000 of them are present in
4788-466: The relevant town or city's border. North Myrtle Beach has a Public Safety Department, which provides police and fire services in the city of North Myrtle Beach. In March 2020, Todd Cox, a former Horry County police officer, was fined $ 300 for failing to investigate reports of sex crimes against children. He and three other officers had been indicted in 2016 on charges of coercing sex and ignoring cases. Horry County used to be loyally Democratic, even by
4864-510: The sediments filling Carolina bays are generally undisturbed. Several cores have found that the sediments that fill Carolina bays have distinct and conformably layers or beds. The dating of the sand rims of a number of Carolina bays by optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) techniques has yielded ages ranging from ~109,000 to ~2,000 years ago, but most ages from the sand rims range from ~40,000 to ~11,000 years ago. Radiocarbon dates have been obtained from organic matter collected from
4940-635: The standards of the Solid South . In 1936, Republican candidate Alf Landon did not receive a single vote in Horry County. In 1964, though, Barry Goldwater carried the county by a margin almost as large as John F. Kennedy 's 1960 margin. It has voted Republican in every election since, with the exception of supporting the third-party candidacy of Alabama Governor George Wallace in 1968 and neighboring Georgia's Jimmy Carter in 1976. While conservative Democrats continued to hold most local offices into
5016-490: The start of the Holocene . Fossil pollen recovered from cores of undisturbed sediment taken from various Carolina bays in North Carolina by Frey, Watts, and Whitehead document the presence of full glacial pollen zones within the sediments filling some Carolina bays. The range of dates can be interpreted that Carolina bays were either created episodically over the last tens of thousands of years or were created at time over
5092-617: The state capital, Columbia . Horry County (pronounced OR-ree) was created from Georgetown District in 1801. At this time, the county had an estimated population of 550. Isolated by the many rivers and swamps typical of the South Carolina Lowcountry, the area essentially was surrounded by water, forcing its inhabitants to survive without much assistance from the "outside world". This caused the county residents to become an extremely independent populace, and they named their county "The Independent Republic of Horry". The county
5168-407: The town of Darlington, South Carolina . Glenn put quotation marks around the word "bay" but did not use the phrase "Carolina bay". A subsequent publication by F. A. Melton and William Schriever (1933) used the phrase "The Carolina Bays" (with quotation marks around the word "Bays"). Later, G. R. MacCarthy (1937) published a paper titled "The Carolina Bays", using this phrase throughout
5244-645: The undisturbed sediments filling Carolina bays by Bliley and Burney, Mixon and Pilkey, Thom, and Kaczorowski. Some radiocarbon dates obtained from organic matter within undisturbed sediments are greater than 14,000 BP radiocarbon in age. The radiocarbon dates range from 27,700 ±2,600 to 440 ± 50 radiocarbon years BP. Some cores have contained organic matter that was too old for dating by radiocarbon methods, resulting in "greater than" dates. For example, samples from some Carolina bays have been dated at greater than 38,000 to 49,550 radiocarbon years BP. In cases where multiple radiocarbon dates have been determined from
5320-482: The west from the vicinity of the swamp. Thus, it seems more likely that this swamp was an inter-dune depression among the Carolina Sandhills , rather than a Carolina bay. Nevertheless, bay trees are present in some Carolina bays. The earliest scientific description of Carolina bays is by L. C. Glenn (1895), who used the term "bay" (which he described as "lake-like expanses") to refer to these features near
5396-461: Was 2.37, and the average family size was 2.84. The median age was 41.1 years. The median income for a household in the county was $ 43,142 and for a family was $ 51,608. Males had a median income of $ 37,351 versus $ 29,525 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 24,811. About 11.6% of families and 16.1% of the population were below the poverty line , including 25.2% of those under age 18 and 7.5% of those age 65 or over. Horry County has
5472-440: Was encountered in cores from within the Carolina bay). Charcoal and wood from a western sand rim (closer to the bay) yielded radiocarbon ages of ~5,760 and 1,270 years before present (BP). Organic sediment and charcoal from an eastern sand rim (farther from the bay) yielded radiocarbon ages ranging from ~7,750 to 2,780 years BP. Wilson's Bay (Johnston County, North Carolina): Cores and augers from within this Carolina bay revealed
5548-793: Was encountered in cores from within the Carolina bay). Organic material within the bay yielded an age of ~21,920 radiocarbon years BP. Herndon Bay (Robeson County, North Carolina): Cores drilled into four different sand ridges associated with this Carolina bay revealed that the sand ridges are composed of 2.5–4.5 m thick accumulations of fine to coarse sand that rest on an unconformity above an undisturbed unit of black mud of Cretaceous age (Black Creek Formation). Sediment samples from sand rims associated with this Carolina bay have yielded three optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages of ~36,700 years ago; ~29,600 years ago; and ~27,200 years ago. Big Bay (Big Bay, Sumter County, South Carolina): A core (drill hole D1/2) drilled within this Carolina bay went through
5624-506: Was named after, and in honor of, Revolutionary War hero Peter Horry who was born in South Carolina around 1743. Horry started his military career in 1775 as one of 20 captains, elected by the Provincial Congress of South Carolina, to serve the 1st and 2nd Regiments. In 1790, he was assigned to the South Carolina militia under Brigadier General Francis Marion . The population has increased more than fourfold since 1970, as
5700-519: Was purchased from International Paper. A 985-acre tract called International Paper II was added in 1992, followed by the 1,936-acre International Paper III tract in 1993. In 2007, 305 more acres called the Tiger Bay Tract were added after the South Carolina Department of Transportation asked property owners to donate the land, which could have been developed otherwise, in exchange for an interchange on Carolina Bays Parkway . 754 acres called
5776-522: Was used from 1942 to 1947 and totalled 55,854 acres, with 36,608 acres leased and 19,246 acres government-owned. On April 10, 1976, the Clear Pond Fire, the largest fire in South Carolina history, started from a campfire on International Paper land. After 25 days of no rain, with Carolina Bays vegetation that burns easily in an area where it is difficult to fight fires, 28,000 acres burned over two days, and 30,000 acres in five days. Also in 1976,
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