90-537: Leganés ( Spanish pronunciation: [leɣaˈnes] ) is a city in the Community of Madrid , Spain. Considered part of the Madrid metropolitan area , it is located about 11 km southwest of the centre of Madrid . As of 2018, it has a population of 188,425, making it the region's fifth most populated municipality . It covers an area of 43.09 km and it is located at 667 m over sea level. Leganés houses
180-535: A parliamentary system ; that is, the head of government —known as the "president"—is dependent on the direct support from the autonomous legislature , whose members elect him by a majority . The Statute of Autonomy of the Madrid Autonomous Community is the fundamental organic law in conjunction with (and subordinated to) the Spanish constitution . The Statute of Autonomy establishes that
270-556: A branch of the Universidad Carlos III . It is connected to Madrid via the Cercanías (train, line C5 ), and Metrosur , one of the lines of Metro . Leganés has 6 Metrosur stations. On 3 April 2004 five of the suspects in the 11 March 2004 Madrid attacks blew themselves up in an apartment building in the city as police moved in to arrest them. All five were killed, along with one GEO police officer. Leganés
360-605: A campaign to educate the public about the importance of intellectual property . However, she was criticised by music industry officials for her statement that intellectual property is "not an absolute right". Her decision to transfer documents from the General Archive of the Spanish Civil War to the Autonomous community of Catalonia was controversial. Because of the bad results of the previous year in
450-476: A consequence of a long process of repopulation that took place over the course of four centuries. The feudal and ecclesiastical lords came into constant conflict with the different councils that had been granted the authority to repopulate. In the 13th century, Madrid was the only town of the current-day region that preserved its own juridical personality, at first with the Old Fuero (Charter) and later with
540-432: A distinct regional identity. Since the 1833 provincial organization, Madrid was part of the historical region of New Castile along with the provinces of Guadalajara, Toledo, Cuenca and Ciudad Real. Thus, it was first planned that the province of Madrid would be part of the future community of Castile–La Mancha (which was roughly similar to New Castile, with the addition of Albacete ) but with some special considerations as
630-521: A higher altitude close to the Sierra de Guadarrama feature a colder climate, also generally with more precipitation (particularly in the winter), with climate subtypes ranging from the Csa to the warm-summer mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csb ) and the dry summer continental climate (Köppen: Dsb ) on the peaks of the mountain range, with temperature averages below freezing point during January and February in
720-527: A love for rock music . Subsequently, she married sociologist Manuel Pérez Yruela, former spokesperson of the Regional Government of Andalusia and researcher professor of the Institute of Social Studies of Andalusia. They divorced. She has two granddaughters. On 25 March 2020, Calvo tested positive for COVID-19 and was hospitalized with a respiratory infection during the first wave of
810-402: A population transfer from the capital to the rest of municipalities of the metropolitan area emerged. This process accelerated when the autonomous community was founded, and it took placed along a strong decrease of birth rates. The creation of the contemporary Community of Madrid was preceded by an intense political debate. Autonomous communities were to be created by one or more provinces with
900-466: A seventh of the national total, mostly concentrated in the metropolitan area of Madrid . It is also the most densely populated autonomous community. Madrid has both the largest nominal GDP , slightly ahead of that of Catalonia , and the highest GDP per capita in the country. Madrid's economy is highly tertiarised , having a leading role in Spain's logistics and transportation. The Community of Madrid
990-466: A strategic military post in the 11th century. The Muslim rulers created a defensive system of fortresses and towers all across the region with which they tried to stop the advance of the Christian kingdoms of the north. The fortress of Mayrit (Madrid) was built somewhere between 860 and 880 AD, as a walled precinct where a military and religious community lived, and which constituted the foundation of
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#17327932240121080-409: A unified region as several lords and churches had jurisdiction over their own autonomous territories. During the 18th century, the fragmented administration of the region was not solved despite several attempts. During the reign of Philip V , the intendencia was created as a political and administrative division. Nonetheless, the intendencia of Madrid did not fully solve the problem, and the region
1170-525: Is 3° 40' of longitude west of Greenwich , England, and 40° 23' north of the equator. Most of the province lies between 600 and 1,000 m above sea level. However, there the altitude ranges from 2,428 metres of Peñalara to 430 metres at the Alberche river when it leaves Villa del Prado into the province of Toledo. Other considerable heights, as well as being famous, are the Bola del Mundo ("Ball of
1260-628: Is a Spanish politician and author who served as Deputy Prime Minister of Spain and Minister of the Presidency from 2018 to 2021. Born and raised in Cabra, Spain , she attended the University of Seville and the University of Córdoba ; she holds a doctorate in constitutional law from the latter institution. She was Regional Minister of Culture of Andalusia between 1996 and 2004. She also served between 2004 and 2007 as Minister of Culture in
1350-529: Is almost an equilateral triangle, in whose center would be the city. First, by the western side, it borders the " Sistema Central " (the Guadarrama mountain range ), the southern border features a protrusion following the Tagus River in order to include the royal site of Aranjuez in the region; the eastern edge of the triangle comes from the rupture of the fluvial river basins. This autonomous community
1440-749: Is almost entirely comprised in the Tagus Basin , from the Central System ( Sistema Central ) reliefs in the north and northwest to the Tagus River bed in the southern border. The climate is generally temperate, ranging from mediterranean to semi-arid , except in the Central System highlands. It contains four World Heritage Sites : the Monastery and Royal Site of El Escorial , the university and historic centre of Alcalá de Henares ,
1530-516: Is described in the 16th century annals as a corruption of Leganar . The latter supposedly makes reference to the abundance of légamo (slime) in the area in ancient times. The city is located in the central part of the Iberian Peninsula , at roughly 667 metres above sea level. The urban core is surrounded by motorways, including: M-40 , A-42 , R-5, M-45 and the M-50 . The founding of
1620-471: Is home to mountain peaks rising above 2,000 m, holm oak dehesas and low-lying plains. The slopes of the Guadarrama mountain range are cloaked in dense forests of Scots pine and Pyrenean oak . The Lozoya Valley supports a large black (monk) vulture colony, and one of the last bastions of the Spanish imperial eagle in the world is found in the Park Regional del Suroeste in dehesa hills between
1710-1026: Is located in the basin of the Tagus River. The Tagus passes through the southern border of the Autonomy in its path west toward the Atlantic Ocean , draining the waters of the Jarama River (collecting in turn the waters of the Lozoya , the Guadalix , the Manzanares , the Henares and the Tajuña ), the Alberche and the Guadarrama in the Community. This autonomous community also includes
1800-486: Is no longer a judicial district as of 1985). These jurisdictions relate to the judicial administration, with their seat having at least one court of first instance . Madrid is the autonomous community with the highest income per capita in Spain, at €38,435 in 2022 – significantly above the national average and ahead of the Basque Country , with €35,832, Navarra , €33,798, and Catalonia , €32,550. In that year,
1890-519: Is one of the seventeen autonomous communities of Spain . It is located in the centre of the Iberian Peninsula , and of the Central Plateau ( Meseta Central ). Its capital and largest municipality is the City of Madrid , which is also the capital of the country. The Community of Madrid is bounded to the south and east by Castilla–La Mancha and to the north and west by Castile and León . It
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#17327932240121980-765: Is the Club Deportivo Leganés , who advanced to the La Liga division after receiving automatic promotion after winning their first Segunda title.. Football is the most played sport in Leganés; Leganés being the second city after Madrid in terms of federated clubs in the Autonomous Community of Madrid. Leganés also has an Official Languages School, in which the residents of the city can study English, French, German, Portuguese, Italian, Russian, or even Spanish (adapted for immigrants). The taxes of
2070-497: Is the Severo Ochoa Hospital, and there are many health care centres in each neighborhood. The city stands out for its research in mental illnesses. There is also one public orphanage, one retirement home and one centre dedicated to the disabled. The Museum of Sculpture in is an open-air museum that contains a collection of large-format sculptures that brings together prominent representatives of Spanish sculpture from
2160-634: The 2011 general election due to her disagreement with the choice to put Rosa Aguilar at the top of the electoral list in Córdoba . She returned to her post as professor of constitutional law in the University of Córdoba . She later gained the confidence of Secretary-General of the Socialist Party Pedro Sánchez and in 2017 he appointed her Secretary for Equality of the Socialist Workers' Party . On 5 June 2018 it
2250-588: The Alcázar or Castle of the city. Alcalá de Henares grew in importance as cultural center since the foundation by the Cardinal Cisneros of its university . In 1561, King Philip II made Madrid the capital of the Hispanic Monarchy . The surrounding territories became economically subordinated to the town itself, even beyond the present day limits of the Community of Madrid. But it was not
2340-518: The Bonelli's eagle , the cinereous vulture , the peregrine falcon and the black stork . Exotic invasive species of birds and mammals in the region include the red-eared slider , the monk parakeet , the common snapping turtle , the rose-ringed parakeet , the American mink and the raccoon . Species described as "out of place" and with an increasing population include the black-headed gull ,
2430-525: The Cytisus oromediterraneus and the common juniper as well as the Scots pine take over. There are also masses of black pine and the pyrenean oak situated above the domain of the holm oak. Eurosiberian flora is not common in the region, and species such as the moor birch and the silver birch are restricted to very specific humid valley areas with special climate conditions. The climax vegetation in
2520-574: The Directorio Central de Empresas (Central Companies Directory of the INE), Madrid's active businesses stand in third place nationally in terms of numbers as at 1 January 2006. The branches of activity with most active businesses are other business activities, retail trade, construction, wholesale trade, hospitality, property activities, land transport, and pipeline transport. Carmen Calvo María del Carmen Calvo Poyato (born 9 June 1957)
2610-654: The Government of Spain . During her eight-years-term as Regional Minister of Culture, Calvo inaugurated the Museo Picasso Málaga of contemporary art in 2003, she negotiated the Andalusian Pact for the Book —a pact for supporting and promoting of reading— and she carried out important investments to reform churches, libraries and theatres —like Maestranza Theatre of Seville — as well as developing
2700-580: The Guadarrama Mountains ; they both fought for the control of the Real de Manzanares, a large comarca (shire) that was finally given to the House of Mendoza . Castilian monarchs showed a predilection for the center of the peninsula, with abundant forests and game. El Pardo was a region visited frequently by kings since the time of Henry III , in the 14th century. The Catholic Monarchs started
2790-491: The Spanish cinema , in 2007 Calvo presented a draft law that forces the movie theaters to shown European films (at least a 25%). This was rejected by most of the film industry and they went to strike on 18 June 2007, a strike followed by a 93% of the industry. Minister Calvo was replaced in July 2007 and her successor approved this law with big modifications in late 2007. She was one of the ministers with worst approval ratings and
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2880-622: The University of Córdoba . Calvo took a leave of absence from being professor of constitutional law at the University of Córdoba. At the university, she was Secretary General and vice-dean of the Faculty of Law between 1990 and 1994. From 1992 to 1996 she was secretary of the Andalusian Interuniversity Institute of Criminology. Calvo entered politics in the 1990s, when she was appointed Counselor of
2970-454: The ayuntamiento are directly elected through proportional representation with closed party lists and a 5% electoral threshold . In turn, the councillors are charged with electing from among themselves (by default candidates are the head of each electoral list) the Mayor presiding over the ayuntamiento . There are twenty judicial districts ( partidos judiciales ), whose seats correspond to
3060-732: The campiña is the holly oak . Some of the species that take over when the holly oak forest degrades are the "sticky shrub" , the Retama sphaerocarpa , the French lavender , the Thymus mastichina and the Thymus zygis . The lower reaches of Guadarrama Mountain Range are populated by species such as the Juniperus thurifera , the maritime pine , the Portuguese oak , the stone pine ; only in
3150-457: The construction sub-sector also took place. During this period the Community of Madrid stood out due to its role as centre for welcoming immigration, due to its condition as transport node vis-à-vis the Spanish geography, and due to its condition as scientific and cultural centre of the country. Like the rest of autonomous communities, the Community of Madrid is organized politically within
3240-518: The lesser black-backed gull , the great cormorant and Eurasian collared dove , while the emblematic iberian ibex is presented as a case of a species "gone out of control" in La Pedriza following its re-introduction in the region in 1990 after roughly a century disappeared from the Madrilenian mountains. The mountain amphibians living at a high altitude include the fire salamander ,
3330-580: The marbled newt , the alpine newt , the iberian frog , the European tree frog or the common midwife toad . At a middle elevation in the mountain reaches close to water streams there are species such as the Bosca's newt , the southern marbled newt , the mediterranean tree frog or the iberian midwife toad . The common parsley frog and the Alytes obstetricans pertinax dwell in the limestone lowlands near
3420-459: The province of Toledo and joined that of Marid, and in 1850, when the small municipality of Valdeavero (19 km ), until then part of the province of Guadalajara , joined the province of Madrid. One of the limits so far for the growth of the capital, water supply, experienced a substantial change in 1858 following the arrival to the city of Madrid of water from the Lozoya River with
3510-625: The viperine snake . The fish species are affected by the high number of reservoirs in the region. Among the threatened species in the rivers stand out the European eel , the iberian barbel , the Squalius alburnoides , the Cobitis calderoni and, potentially, the Chondrostoma lemmingii . Conversely the set of invasive species of fish includes pike , black bullhead catfish , pumpkinseed , zander , common bleak and black-bass . In
3600-469: The 19th century. Around the town of Madrid, an administrative territory was created known as Tierra de Madrid (Land of Madrid), the origin of the province that included the areas of the current municipalities of San Sebastián de los Reyes, Cobeña, Las Rozas de Madrid, Rivas-Vaciamadrid, Torrejón de Velasco, Alcorcón, San Fernando de Henares, and Griñón. Madrid was in constant strife with the powerful council of Segovia , whose jurisdiction extended south of
3690-464: The Community of Madrid , belonging to the so-called " red belt " of the region. Only during part of 2007, 2011-2015 and again since 2023 the city has been ruled by the People's Party of the Community of Madrid . The city has a wide range of shops and family centres, especially surrounding the area of Parquesur. All of the neighborhoods have at least two big parks for recreation. The city is well known for
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3780-664: The Economic and Social Council of Córdoba between 1994 and 1996. She joined the Socialist Workers' Party in 1999. In April 1996, Calvo was appointed Minister of Culture of the Regional Government of Andalusia under the presidency of Manuel Chaves . Having joined the Socialist Workers' Party in 1999, she was elected MP for Córdoba in the Parliament of Andalusia in 2000. She was in office between her appointment in 1996 until her appointment as Culture Minister of
3870-540: The GDP per capita growth was 8.6%. Madrid has a GDP of €230.8 billion ($ 281 billion) as of 2018; making it the largest economy of Spain, ahead of Catalonia , where regional GDP amounted to €228.7 billion and the most populated Spanish region, Andalusia (€160.6 billion). In 2005, the Community of Madrid was the main receptor of foreign investment in the country, at 34.3% of the total. The community ranks 34th amongst all European regions (evaluated in 2002), and 50th amongst
3960-624: The Government Sub-delegate, the successor office to the provincial civil governor. The seats of both the delegation and the subdelegation are located at the Borghetto Palace [ es ] in Madrid. The Community of Madrid, following the long-standing form of local government in Spain , is divided administratively into 179 municipalities (featuring 801 towns and entities). Its municipalities comprise 2.2% of
4050-565: The Gredos and Guadarrama ranges. The recent possible detection of the existence of Iberian lynx in the area between the Cofio and Alberche rivers is testament to the biodiversity of the area. Taking advantage of the orography, there are several reservoirs and local dams, with the Santillana reservoir being the largest. When looking at a map of the province of Madrid, it can be seen that it
4140-451: The Lozoya Valley in the late 19th century intending to achieve a purer water from the river, that provided the capital with water for consumption. However, the bulk of the process took place after the Spanish Civil War, with a largely successful repopulation with several species of conifers . The Madrid region features a climate marked by dry summers, while average temperature varies with altitude, marking different climate subtypes. Most of
4230-437: The Quality Plan for the Museums of Andalusia —which included the enlargement of the Archelogic Museum of Córdoba. In 2004 Calvo debuted in the big screen with director José Luis García Sánchez with a short role in the movie María querida . In January 2004, she made the leap to national politics when the Secretary-General of the Socialist Workers' Party, Zapatero, created a "committee of notables" to advise him on his run to
4320-418: The Royal Fuero , granted by Alfonso X of Castile in 1262 and ratified by Alfonso XI in 1339. On the other hand, the town of Buitrago del Lozoya , Alcalá de Henares and Talamanca de Jarama , which were rapidly repopulated until that century, were under the dominion of the feudal or ecclesiastical lords. Specifically, Alcalá de Henares was under the hands of the archbishopric of Toledo and remained so until
4410-400: The Spanish territory (8,110). It is ranked 23rd amongst Spanish provinces in number of municipalities, which is slightly above average. The average is 165 municipalities by province. The ayuntamiento , presided by its alcalde (Mayor) is the formal institution charged with the government and administration of most municipalities. The municipal councillors forming the deliberative assembly of
4500-404: The Tagus in the south-east of the region. Among the all-around amphibians adaptable to different heights stand out the natterjack toad , the common toad and the iberian green frog . Other species with a wide distribution range (although in this case restricted by altitude) are the gallipato , the iberian spadefoot toad , the iberian painted frog , and the Spanish painted frog . Regarding
4590-413: The World") in Navacerrada , at a height of 2,258 m, the Siete Picos ("Seven Peaks") in Cercedilla , at 2,138 m, and the Peña Cebollera (2,129 m) at the northernmost end of the province, a tripoint between the Madrid region and the provinces of Segovia and Guadalajara. Among the protected species of birds nesting in the region stand out the Spanish imperial eagle , the golden eagle ,
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#17327932240124680-459: The city. It soon became the most strategic fortress in defense of the city of Toledo above the fortresses of Talamanca and Qal'-at'-Abd-Al-Salam (Alcalá de Henares). In 1083 (or 1085) Alfonso VI took the city of Madrid in the context of his wider campaign to conquer Toledo. Alcalá de Henares fell in 1118 in a new period of Castilian annexation. The recently conquered lands by the Christian kingdoms were desegregated into several constituencies, as
4770-414: The competences of the old " Diputación Provincial " and the new ones the Statute considered. During the first 25 years of the "autonomic" period, this autonomous community accounted for the biggest economic growth in Spain, becoming a platform for the internationalisation of the Spanish economy , featuring a marked preponderance of the service sector . By the turn of the 21st century, a strong boost to
4860-431: The construction of the Royal Palace of Aranjuez . In the 16th century, San Lorenzo de El Escorial was built and became another royal site of the province. The town of Madrid, which was one of the eighteen cities with the right to vote in the Cortes of Castile , was seat of the Courts themselves on several occasions and was the residence of several monarchs, amongst them the emperor Charles I who reformed and expanded
4950-498: The council decided to paint it on the wall instead of replacing the sign over and over again. There is also a street in Leganés named after the rock band Scorpions . Parquesur, in Leganés, built in the early 1990s is currently one of the biggest shopping centres in Europe. It was completely refurbished and extended in 2005. Leganés is twinned with: Community of Madrid The Community of Madrid ( Spanish : Comunidad de Madrid [komuniˈðað ðe maˈðɾið] )
5040-421: The creation of many social, economic, and cultural institutions, some of which are still operating. Madrid grew to a population of 156,672 inhabitants by the end of the eighteenth century. The current territory of the region was roughly defined with the 1833 reorganization of Spain into provinces promoted by Javier de Burgos , in which the province of Madrid was classified in the region of New Castile (lacking
5130-479: The cultural landscape of Aranjuez and the Paseo del Prado and Buen Retiro park in Madrid City. In addition, the Montejo Beech Forest [ es ] is part of the transnational Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe world heritage site. Despite the existence of a large urban area of nearly 7 million people, the Community of Madrid still retains some remarkably unspoiled and diverse habitats and landscapes. Madrid
5220-421: The exclave of Dehesa de la Cepeda (part of the municipality of Santa María de la Alameda ), a mostly open-area geographically located between the provinces of Ávila and Segovia in the autonomous community of Castile and León . The Province of Madrid occupies a surface area of approximately 8,028 km (3,100 sq mi) (1.6% of all Spanish territory). More specifically, the exact position of Madrid
5310-427: The first country in Europe to do so, Calvo notably was one of three PSOE lawmakers's who abstained from the vote in February 2023. Calvo is the sister of the politician and writer José Calvo Poyato [ es ] , former MP of the Parliament of Andalusia and former Mayor of Cabra. At the age of 19, she married her childhood sweetheart, with whom she had a daughter at the age of 22. She and her daughter share
5400-469: The government of José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero . From June 2017 to October 2021, she served as Secretary of Equality of the Socialist Party. She has published several books about feminism and gender equality. Calvo's primary studies were carried out at a Catholic school and her high school studies at the Aguilar and Eslava High School in the province of Córdoba . She studied law at the University of Seville and got her doctorate in constitutional law in
5490-417: The home of the national capital. The other provinces that were to become part of the autonomous community of Castile–La Mancha expressed fears of inequality if Madrid were associated with them. These provinces opposed such a special status, and after considering other options for Madrid—like its inclusion in the community of Castile and León or its constitution as an entity similar to a federal district . —it
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#17327932240125580-404: The inauguration of the bringing of the Canal de Isabel II . In decadence since the middle 18th century, the city of Alcalá de Henares , experienced a relative demographic and economic upturn in the second half of the 19th century, based on its newly acquired condition of military outpost, to which an embryonic industrial nucleus was also added. During the reign of Ferdinand VII the south of
5670-464: The later any sort of administrative institution at the regional level nonetheless). The government institution at the provincial level was the deputation ( diputación ). In addition to the former body, another provincial political authority was the civil governor discretionarily designated by the central government. Two modest changes to the 1833 provincial boundaries that concerned Madrid took place shortly before 1845, when Aranjuez (187 km ) left
5760-414: The later case. The territory of the Community of Madrid has been populated since the Lower Paleolithic , mainly in the valleys between the rivers of Manzanares , Jarama , and Henares , where several archaeological findings have been made. Some notable discoveries of the region the bell-shaped vase of Ciempozuelos (between 1970 and 1470 BCE), from the Bell beaker culture . During the Roman Empire ,
5850-574: The most competitive cities-regions worldwide, ahead of Barcelona and Valencia , the other two largest metropolitan areas of Spain. The strengths of the economy of the community are its low unemployment rate, its high investment in research, its high development, and the added-value services therein performed. Its weaknesses include the low penetration of broadband and new technologies of information and an unequal male to female occupation. The service, construction, and industry sectors are prominent in Madrid's commercial productive structure. According to
5940-409: The municipalities of Alcalá de Henares , Alcobendas , Alcorcón , Aranjuez , Arganda del Rey , Collado Villalba , Colmenar Viejo , Coslada , Fuenlabrada , Getafe , Leganés , Madrid , Majadahonda , Móstoles , Navalcarnero , Parla , San Lorenzo de El Escorial , Torrejón de Ardoz , Torrelaguna , Valdemoro , and Valdaracete (the historical judicial district of San Martín de Valdeiglesias
6030-406: The period of the Visigothic Kingdom , the region lost its importance. The population was scattered amongst several small towns. Complutum was designated the bishopric seat in the 5th century by orders of Asturio, archbishop of Toledo , but this event was not enough to bring back the lost splendor of the city. The centre of the peninsula (the Middle Mark of Al-Andalus or aṯ-Ṯaḡr al-Awsaṭ ) became
6120-409: The powers through which the self-government of the autonomous community is exercised are the following institutions: Since the creation of autonomous communities, the Government of Spain appoints a special representative to each autonomous community, the Government Delegate , part of the Peripheral State Administration. Unlike other single-province autonomous communities, the Government also appoints
6210-458: The premiership and appointed her a member of that committee. In the Spanish general election in March 2004, she was elected to the Congress of Deputies , representing Córdoba . She was subsequently appointed Minister of Culture in April by the new Prime Minister of Spain , José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero . As Minister of Culture, Calvo was an outspoken opponent of copyright piracy , and in 2005 her department spent around one million euros on
6300-435: The province was made up of small agricultural settlements of limited population. Among them, Getafe stood out in population, and became the seat of a judicial district in 1834, with the main economic activity of the former jurisdiction still being non-irrigated agriculture. Rail transport arrived in 1851, with the Strawberry train , the railway connecting Madrid and Aranjuez . During the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939),
6390-630: The quality of its restaurants, most of them located in the downtown area or near parks like La Chopera. The "Pista de Hielo" is a normal-size ice skating rink that trains people from all around Madrid in figure skating and ice hockey . It is also the venue for the Leganés ice hockey team . Along with the "Pista de Hielo", there are ten sports centres in the city (Polideportivo Europa, Los Frailes, Alfredo Di Stéfano , Olimpia, Butarque, La Cantera). These centres have many facilities including basketball fields, football fields, athletics fields, gymnasiums, saunas, swimming pools and many others. The city team
6480-512: The region (including the capital) has a climate intermediate between a hot-summer mediterranean climate ( Köppen Csa ) and a cold semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk ), with a dry summer and a moderate to low amount of rain primarily distributed throughout the rest of the year (in the case of the capital, roughly an equinoctial pattern of precipitation maximums), as well as summer temperature averages over 22 °C (with daily maximums consistently surpassing 30 °C in July and August). The areas at
6570-575: The region was part of the Citerior Tarraconese province, except for the south-west portion of it, which belonged to Lusitania . It was crossed by two important Roman roads, the via xxiv-xxix (joining Astorga to Laminium and via xxv (which joined Emerita Augusta and Caesaraugusta ), and contained some important conurbations. The city of Complutum (today Alcalá de Henares ) became an important metropolis, whereas Titulcia and Miaccum were important crossroad communities. During
6660-581: The region. Among the species of all-around reptiles, adaptable to different biomes stand out the Spanish pond turtle , the salamanquesa , the western three-toed skink , the spiny-footed lizard , the ocellated lizard , the Algerian sand racer , Spanish psammodromus , the ubiquitous iberian wall lizard , the iberian worm lizard , the Coronella girondica , the Montpellier snake ; grass snake and
6750-568: The reptiles, species such as the Cyren's rock lizard , the European wall lizard , the iberian emerald lizard , the deaf adder or snakes such as the smooth snake or the Vipera latastei dwell in the mountain heights. At the lower reaches of the mountains the European pond turtle and the Brediaga's skink can be found, while the western false smooth snake is restricted to areas in the south of
6840-493: The school are paid by the Government of Madrid so that the residents only pay a single fee of €250 a year for any of the languages. There are special discounts to students that study more than one language at the same time and for families that have more than one person studying at it as well. Some of the neighborhoods also have a cultural centre (San Nicasio, Centro, Zarzaquemada, El Carrascal). The main hospital of Leganés
6930-595: The sentence, the High Court of Justice of Navarre confirmed the sentence of the provincial court. In November 2018, Calvo also proposed to amend to the Constitution to exclude some words that can be considered offensive for disabled people and to create a constitutional mandate that specifically protects disabled women. In October 2019, she was an outspoken proponent of exhuming the remains of Francisco Franco from Valle de los Caídos . On 13 January 2020 she
7020-669: The settlement has been tentatively traced back to circa 1280. Throughout the Middle Ages, it remained a small hamlet, of which little information has transcended. By the 16th century it was part of the Land of Madrid . Sold by the Crown, it became a mayorazgo in 1626. Mayors Throughout most of its modern democratic history, the municipality of Leganés has been ruled by the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of
7110-461: The somewhat more humid westernmost end of the region, near the Alto del Mirlo [ es ] , there are forests of chestnut tree . 54,4% of the surface of the region is soil categorised as forest areas of which the 51.4% (27.7% of the total of the region) it is already covered by forests, so there is room for tree re-population. The first modest efforts towards tree re-population were taken in
7200-519: The territory was divided by the battlefront, with the southwest of the province controlled by the rebel faction , and the capital as well as a great part of the rest of the province by the side loyal to the Republic . The city of Madrid was target of many bombings during the conflict, becoming the first big city in Europe to suffer such systematic and massive air attacks. Since the 1970s, a process of
7290-720: The twentieth century to the present day.s. It was officially inaugurated in September 2005, by the Minister of Culture, Carmen Calvo . Some of the works come from the Prado Museum and the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía . Leganés has a street named AC/DC in honor of the Australian rock band . The band visited Leganés in order to inaugurate the street. The street sign was frequently stolen until
7380-404: The vicinity of the mountain peaks, oromediterranean vegetation such as Agrostis truncatula , Armeria caespitosa [ es ] , Festuca indigesta , Jasione crispa [ es ] , Jurinea humilis [ es ] , Minuartia recurva , Pilosella vahlii , Plantago holosteum and the Thymus praecox is common. Below the summit line, shrubby species such as
7470-634: The wake of the La Manada rape case . In this so-called "wolf pack" case in which a group of men attacked an 18 year old woman, the Provincial Court of Navarre convicted the men of sexual abuse —nine years in prison— and not for sexual assault or rape —that would mean at least 20 years. The Court's decision provoked widespread social unrest. Calvo proposed a reform of the Criminal Code to include explicit sexual consent . After appealing
7560-576: Was announced that Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez would appoint Calvo as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of the Presidency, Relations with the Cortes and Equality . This was the first time that the Ministry of the Presidency also took the equality portfolio. She was sworn in before the King at Palace of Zarzuela on 7 June 2018. During her term, Calvo focused on gender-based violence , especially in
7650-482: Was decided that the province of Madrid would become a single-province autonomous community by virtue of Article 144 of the Constitution, which empowers the Cortes to create an autonomous community in the "nation's interest" even if it did not satisfy the requirement of having a distinct historical identity. Thus, in 1983, the Community of Madrid was constituted and a Statute of Autonomy was approved taking over all
7740-461: Was formally created in 1983, in order to address the particular status of the City of Madrid as the national capital city and in urban hierarchy. Its limits are those of the province of Madrid, which was until then conventionally included in the historical region of New Castile ( Castilla la Nueva ). The Community of Madrid is the third most populous in Spain with 7,058,041 (2024) inhabitants, roughly
7830-514: Was normalizing relations and stop the tremendous confrontation provoked by independentism, the Spanish right and stabilize the situation". In 2022, a report was issued that claimed that President Sánchez offered Calvo the position of President of the Council of State after dismissing her as Vice President of the Government. When the Spanish parliament approved the creation of a sick leave for women suffering from incapacitating periods, becoming
7920-723: Was replaced in July 2007 by César Antonio Molina. After leaving the Ministry, Calvo was elected First Vice President of the Congress of Deputies , a position she held until the end of the congressional session. In the 2008 general election , Calvo was re-elected MP for Córdoba and was appointed Chair of the Congress Committee on Equality, as well as becoming a member of the Congress Committee on Defence and Committee on Comprehensive Disability Policies. She also presided over two subcommittees, one on abortion and other about gender violence. Calvo did not run for re-election in
8010-482: Was still fragmented into several small dominions even though some processes were centralized. This territorial dispersion had a negative effect on its economic growth; while the town of Madrid received economic resources from the entire country as the capital, the surrounding territories—in hands of noblemen or the clergy—became impoverished. During the eighteenth century, the town of Madrid was transformed through several grandiose buildings and monuments as well as through
8100-479: Was sworn in again as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of the Presidency in the Sánchez Second Cabinet , losing the Ministry of Equality in favor of Irene Montero . In June 2021, Calvo reaffirmed during an interview with La Vanguardia that the pardons of Catalonian independence politicians were near and asked the People's Party not to "confront Catalonia (because) the only alternative
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