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60-429: The NATO rank code is mostly OF-3. A Lieutenant Commander is a department officer or the executive officer ( second-in-command ) on many warships and smaller shore installations, or the commanding officer of a smaller ship/installation. They are also department officers in naval aviation squadrons. Some navies address Lieutenant Commanders by their full rank or the positions they occupy ("captain" if in command of

120-515: A NATO member . General officer grades are usually defined by the number of stars they ‘wear’. In the first version of the STANAG, OF-6 to OF-10 were described as "to be used for one to five star ranks or equivalents respectively". Some countries don't use star insignia for their general ranks. United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps The United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps ( USPHSCC ; also referred to as

180-652: A clinical care provider on one of these teams are often in support roles, such as logistics, administration/finance, or planning. Tier 2 teams are composed of a smaller, more specialized workforce. Other rapid deployment units include the Applied Public Health Team (APHT), the Mental Health Team (MHT), and the Services Access Team (SAT). PHS officers not already assigned to one of the rapid deployment units are used to augment

240-587: A gold oak leaf collar device, similar to the ones worn by majors in the United States Air Force and United States Army , and identical to that worn by majors in the United States Marine Corps . In all dress uniforms, they wear sleeve braid or shoulder boards bearing a single gold quarter-inch stripe between two gold half-inch strips (nominal size). Above or inboard of the stripes, they wear their speciality insignia (i.e.,

300-410: A lieutenant of eight years or more wore two stripes with a thinner one in between, and ranked with a major. This distinction was ostensibly abolished when the rank of lieutenant commander was introduced, although promotion to the latter rank for officers on a full career commission (FCC) was automatic following accumulation of eight years' seniority as a lieutenant. Automatic promotion officially ceased in

360-683: A lieutenant was called a "lieutenant commanding" or "lieutenant commandant" in the United States Navy , and a "lieutenant in command", "lieutenant and commander", or "senior lieutenant" in the Royal Navy . The USN settled on "lieutenant commander" in 1862 and made it a distinct rank. The RN followed suit in March 1914. In the Royal Canadian Navy , the rank of lieutenant-commander (LCdr) is the naval rank equal to major in

420-731: A seventh branch of the United States Armed Forces . The commissioned corps is often deployed as part of the National Response Framework Emergency Support Function No. 8 – Public Health and Medical Services, but can be deployed outside of the Framework for various needs to other federal agencies, states, local governments, or even to aid foreign governments. Like all other federal-level responses, commissioned corps officers are deployed only upon request, and upon

480-599: A star for officers of the line, single oak leaf for medical with silver acorn for Medical Corps, crossed oak leaves for Civil Engineer Corps , United States shield for the Coast Guard, etc.) The Uniformed Services of the United States designate the rank as O-4. Ranks and insignia of NATO A NATO standard grade scale is used by the NATO and its partners for the purpose of comparing military ranks across

540-585: A team, when large-scale responses are needed. The commissioned corps organizes PHS officers into units for rapid deployment. PHS officers are either assigned to a pre-configured rapid deployment unit (RDU) or a group augmenting those units. PHS officers must be prepared to deploy within 48 hours of receipt of deployment orders. Rapid deployment units include Rapid Deployment Force (RDF) teams that are made up of over 100 officers with multiple specialties, and are focused on providing acute clinical care of disaster-exacerbated chronic conditions. Officers who do not work as

600-1446: A technical error, the ACA failed to include statutory authority for pay and benefits, preventing the Ready Reserve Corps from being activated. Efforts to pass legislation to correct these errors picked up in late 2019. Funding was finally approved through the CARES Act , passed on 18 March 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic . The first officers were expected to be commissioned in the first half of 2021. The Ready Reserve has three main components. The Selected Ready Reserve (SELRES) consists of officers who are required to train periodically and must be prepared for voluntary or involuntary active duty mobilization within 24 hours to respond to an urgent or emergency public health care need. The Individual Ready Reserve (IRR) consists of officers who have had military and/or USPHS Commissioned Corps training; they are not required to participate in training or other USPHS Commissioned Corps activities, but are subject to involuntary recall to active duty under certain circumstances. The Retired Reserve consists of members who accumulate 20 or more years of qualifying service and have reached age 60. The Commissioned Corps adopted naval ranks to impose military discipline on

660-756: A two-star rank flag. Other Commissioned Corps rear admirals use a two-star assistant surgeon general flag, and Commissioned Corps officers at the rank of rear admiral (lower half) use a one-star assistant surgeon general flag. The members of the Commissioned Corps number over 6,000 officers in 11 professional categories: The Health Services Officer (HSO) category comprises over 50 allied health specialties, including audiology , social workers, physician assistants , optometrists , statisticians, computer scientists , dental hygienists , medical records administrators, medical technologists and others. Commissioned Corps officers wear uniforms similar to those of

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720-608: A two-week officer basic course (OBC) before entering active duty. Commissioned corps officers receive the same pay and benefits as other members of the uniformed services . They cannot hold a dual commission with another uniformed service but inter-service transfers are permitted via 10 U.S.C.   § 716 . The commissioned corps is authorized to use warrant officer ranks W-1 to W-4 but does not currently use these ranks. Unlike their United States Armed Forces counterparts, Commissioned Corps officers do not require their rank appointments and promotions to be confirmed by

780-712: A vessel). In the British Royal Navy , United States Navy and Commonwealth Navies however, officers are addressed by their full rank if their full name is being used, or the higher grade of the rank if the officer is being addressed or referred to in shorthand. Therefore Lieutenant Commander John Smith Royal Navy is addressed as "Commander" or "Commander Smith", and referred to as "Commander Smith". Famous examples of this are: - Lieutenant Commander Lionel Crabb Royal Navy who in conversation, biopics, Admiralty correspondence and even statements in Parliament by

840-549: A wide range of specialties to include veterinarians, dentists, occupational therapists , physical therapists, engineers, pharmacists, nurses, environmental health specialists, scientists, dietitians, and other allied health professionals . Today, the commissioned corps is under the United States Public Health Service (PHS), a major agency now of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), established by Congress in 1979 and 1980. It

900-540: Is a Commissioned Corps admiral, he or she is authorized use of the flag of the Assistant Secretary for Health as a four-star rank flag. The Commissioned Corps vice admiral serving as Surgeon General of the United States uses the flag of the Surgeon General as a three-star rank flag, while the Commissioned Corps rear admiral serving as deputy surgeon general uses the deputy surgeon general's flag as

960-634: Is just the cover, and the core of the standard is in set out in "NATO Codes For Grades Of Military Personnel" (APersP-01). The NATO codes assigned for each grade are based on the agreed corresponding army grades with the naval and air forces grades determined from them by "national regulations". OF-1 – OF-10 (lowest rank code to highest) are used for commissioned officers : OR-1–OR-9 (lowest rank code to highest) are used for other ranks ( enlisted ranks and non-commissioned officers (NCO)): For NATO purposes, NCOs are ranked OR-5 to OR-9. However, national rank structures might differentiate from this. In

1020-559: Is often called upon by other federal, state, and local agencies to aid and augment in times when those agencies' resources are overwhelmed. These responses are designated as deployments by the Commissioned Corps, if the deployment is outside of the officer's normal duties, and coordinated through the Commissioned Corps's Readiness and Deployment Branch (RDB) in Commissioned Corps Headquarters (CCHQ). Deployments may be for technical needs in standard settings, or in

1080-663: The Commissioned Corps of the United States Public Health Service ) is the uniformed service branch of the United States Public Health Service and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States (along with the Army , Navy , Marine Corps , Coast Guard , Air Force , Space Force , and NOAA Commissioned Officer Corps ). The commissioned corps' primary mission is the protection, promotion, and advancement of health and safety of

1140-664: The Food and Drug Administration , and then the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . The increased benefits and pay of commissioned corps officers is considered especially beneficial for the Indian Health Service, where recruitment is difficult due to the remote locations of many of its jobs. In addition, the commissioned corps provides officers (medical officers, dental officers, therapists, environmental health officers, etc.) to other uniformed services, primarily

1200-532: The U.S. armed forces warrant officer is a separate and distinct category of officers. This officer rank and precedence is below those of officer personnel, but above that of non-officer personnel, and has a special group of codes ( W-1 – W-5 ). In the Commonwealth tradition (for NATO the British Armed Forces and Canadian Armed Forces ) warrant officers are the highest other ranks. In

1260-557: The United States Coast Guard and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps (NOAA Corps), which do not commission their own medical or dental officers. The Commissioned Corps provides a number of officers to support the Coast Guard throughout the country, including within the Coast Guard's senior leadership: The Coast Guard's chief medical officer is a rear admiral in

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1320-481: The United States Navy and the United States Coast Guard with special Public Health Service insignia. Their service dress blues, summer whites, and service khakis are modeled after the Navy's, and their operational dress uniform was modeled after the Coast Guard's. When attached to another uniformed service, a Commissioned Corps officer is subject to the grooming standards of that service for uniform appearance. Because of

1380-537: The United States Senate , and only require approval from the president. Officers serving as assistant secretary for health and the surgeon general however, do require senatorial confirmation due to their status as senior federal officials. Flag officers of the Commissioned Corps are authorized to use rank flags. When the Department of Health and Human Services Assistant Secretary for Health

1440-416: The army or air force and is the first senior officer rank. Lieutenant commanders are senior to lieutenants (N) and to army and air force captains , and are junior to commanders and lieutenant colonels . The insignia worn by a Royal Navy lieutenant commander is two medium gold braid stripes with one thin gold stripe running in between, placed upon a navy blue/black background. The top stripe has

1500-723: The member nations militaries, as well as for a number of administrative tasks. NATO maintains a "standard rank scale" which is also known as a "standardized reference system" in an attempt to standardize NATO codes of rank for military personnel and indicated correspondence with nations ranks. NATO's standardized reference system is intended to be used "by nations when preparing personnel tables, requisitions, reports and returns destined for NATO nations, organizations and commands." The NATO rank reference code categories were established in 1978 in STANAG 2116 (formally titled NATO Codes for Grades of Military Personnel ). The current- 7th - edition

1560-468: The military by the president or detailed to a service branch of the military. Members of the commissioned corps wear uniforms modeled after the United States Navy and the United States Coast Guard , with special Public Health Service Commissioned Corps insignia, and hold naval ranks equivalent to officers of the Navy and Coast Guard, along with corresponding in-service medical titles. Commissioned corps officers typically receive their commissions through

1620-463: The 2020 CARES Act . According to 5 U.S.C.   § 8331 , service in the U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps after 30 June 1960, is considered military service for retirement purposes. Under 42 U.S.C.   § 213 , active service in the U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps is considered active military service for the purposes of most veterans' benefits and for anti-discrimination laws. The stated mission of

1680-919: The APP-06 (related to STANAG 2019) standard lists 11 formation/unit groups (13 in US Armed Forces) and identifies the command level of seven of them: This is a general NATO practice, which does not prevent individual branches of the armed forces, for example, the British Army, the U.S. Army and the U.S. Marine Corps, from having their own approaches to the positions held by certain officers and NCOs. In 2010, Allied Command Operations and Allied Command Transformation produced NATO NCO Bi-SC Strategy and Recommended NCO Guidelines. The current Bi-SC joint document (19 December 2023) Directive 040-002 "NATO Non-Commissioned Officer and Junior Officer Bi-Strategic Command Employment and Development Strategy", describes

1740-631: The British Armed Forces senior non-commissioned officers are in OR-5 to OR-7 and junior non-commissioned officers (eg corporals) are in OR-3 and OR-4. In the U.S. military OR-5 and above are non-commissioned officers for the U.S. Army and U.S. Air Force but in the U.S. Marine Corps and U.S. Navy (both parts of the Department of the Navy), OR-4 and above are non-commissioned officers. The numbers in

1800-699: The Marine Hospital Service herald of a fouled anchor and caduceus . Later that year of 1889, President Grover Cleveland signed an Act into law that formally established the modern Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (then the Marine Hospital Service ) under the Supervising Surgeon (later Surgeon General). At first open only to physicians, over the course of the 20th century, the Corps expanded to 11 careers in

1860-551: The NATO rank indicators for NCOs: Specific roles: Based on the intentions of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Ukraine to join NATO, NATO codes for military ranks have been officially introduced in these countries. Bosnia and Herzegovina adopted a corresponding law in 2005. In Ukraine, the introduction of NATO codes for military ranks took place in two stages. Firstly in 2020, the Verkhovna Rada (Ukrainian parliament) amended

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1920-467: The Navy's commissioned hospital ships ( USNS  Mercy  (T-AH-19) and USNS  Comfort  (T-AH-20) ), though other ships, such as the amphibious assault ship USS  Bataan  (LHD-5) , have also been used. The command staff of the PHS deployed team(s) is deployed for the entire mission duration (often three months), while operational personnel serve one month aboard, meeting and departing

1980-717: The President, be subject to the Uniform Code of Military Justice , 10 U.S.C.   § 801 et seq., and (c) shall continue to operate as part of the Service except to the extent that the President may direct as Commander in Chief. Major militarization of the Commissioned Corps occurred during World War II (1941–1945) and the Korean War (1950–1953). Should it be called into active duty again, it would constitute

2040-400: The President, he may by Executive order declare the commissioned corps of the Service to be a military service. Upon such declaration, and during the period of such war or such emergency or such part thereof as the President shall prescribe, the commissioned corps (a) shall constitute a branch of the land and naval forces of the United States, (b) shall, to the extent prescribed by regulations of

2100-463: The Prime Minister is almost invariably referred to as “Commander Crabb”. - Acting Temporary Lieutenant Commander Ewen Montagu RNVR , who is routinely referred to as "Commander Montagu" in historical and contemporary records, and in interviews by his colleagues on Operation Mincemeat . Lieutenants were commonly put in command of smaller vessels not warranting a commander or captain . Such

2160-643: The Public Health Service Commissioned Corps include: In addition to disaster response, the commissioned corps frequently partners with the United States Navy on health diplomacy missions. Commissioned Corps officers have been part of the Navy's Pacific Partnership (in the Pacific basin ) and Operation Continuing Promise (in the Caribbean and western Atlantic ) since 2007. Such missions are often carried out on one of

2220-768: The Public Health Service Commissioned Corps. Commissioned corps officers also may be detailed to other U.S. Government agencies, including the Department of Defense , TRICARE , the Department of Justice ( Federal Bureau of Prisons ), the State Department , the Department of Homeland Security , and the Department of the Interior ( National Park Service ). Commissioned Corps officers may develop individual memoranda of understanding (MOUs) with other organizations, including state and local health agencies and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). The commissioned corps

2280-755: The Public Health Service and presented it to the PHS during their centennial.  At the Washington gala celebrating the event in January of 1989, the Coast Guard Band played and Senior Musician King conducted, for the premier of the fanfare. The only Coast Guardsman so honored, Senior Musician King was presented the PHS Citation by Surgeon General Koop for his special service. The lyrics are as follows: The mission of our service

2340-415: The close relationship between the Commissioned Corps and the Coast Guard, a Commissioned Corps officer on assignment with the Coast Guard is required to wear the same service uniforms as commissioned Coast Guard officers, although still wearing the insignia of the Commissioned Corps to identify them. Senior Musician George King III, U.S. Coast Guard (Retired) composed the "U.S. Public Health Service March" in

2400-562: The commissioned corps of the U.S. Public Health Service is "Protecting, promoting, and advancing the health and safety of the Nation" in accordance with the commissioned corps's four Core Values: Leadership, Excellence, Integrity, and Service. Officers execute the mission of the commissioned corps in the following ways: As of 2019, the most common agency for commissioned corps officers was the Indian Health Service , followed by

2460-576: The commissioned corps's direct commissioning program . As with its parent division, the Public Health Service, the commissioned corps is under the direction of the United States Department of Health and Human Services . The commissioned corps is led by the surgeon general , who holds the rank of vice admiral ( O-9 ). The surgeon general reports directly to the Department of Health and Human Services Assistant Secretary for Health . The assistant secretary for health may be appointed to

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2520-553: The doctors of the service, and their medical titles correspond with their service rank and pay grade . The service uses officer ranks and service titles interchangeably when referring to the grades of its officers. The commissioned corps uses the same commissioned officer rank structure as the United States Navy and Coast Guard : from ensign to admiral (O-1 through O-10). Commissioned corps officers are typically appointed via direct commission and must complete

2580-484: The early 21st century and promotion is ostensibly now only awarded on merit. Throughout much of its existence, the British Royal Observer Corps (ROC) maintained a rank of observer lieutenant commander. The ROC wore a Royal Air Force uniform and their rank insignia appeared similar to that of an RAF squadron leader except that the stripes were shown entirely in black. Prior to the renaming,

2640-415: The event of disasters, in austere environments. The commissioned corps may be militarized by an act of Congress or by executive order by the President of the United States, not only in time of war, but also in "an emergency involving the national defense proclaimed by the President." . 42 U.S.C.   § 217 states: In time of war, or of emergency involving the national defense proclaimed by

2700-483: The ever-expanding mission of the service. The Marine Hospital Service soon began taking on new expanding health roles that included such health initiatives that protected the commerce and health of America. One such role was quarantine . John Maynard Woodworth , a famous surgeon of the Union Army who served under General William Tecumseh Sherman , was appointed in 1871 as the Supervising Surgeon. Woodworth's title

2760-827: The former Reserve Corps, which had active and inactive components. All former Reserve Corps officers who were serving on extended active duty on 23 March 2010 were converted to Regular Corps officers. The same legislation also abolished the Inactive Reserve Corps (IRC) on 23 March 2010, and consequently the commissions of the existing 10,000 commissioned corps IRC officers. The IRC had consisted of inactive reservists voluntarily activating to provide over 3,000 active-duty days annually for routine and public health emergencies including during Hurricane Katrina and other emergency response missions, and in providing surge capacity for numerous shortages in isolated and hardship underserved areas. Inactive reservists also played roles in

2820-513: The general public. Along with the NOAA Commissioned Officer Corps , the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps is one of two uniformed services that consist only of commissioned officers and has no enlisted or warrant officer ranks, although warrant officers have been authorized for use within the service. Officers of the commissioned corps are classified as noncombatants , unless directed to serve as part of

2880-565: The humanitarian shipboard training missions with other uniformed services . A Ready Reserve Corps Working Integrated Project Team was convened in April 2010 to propose policy concepts, a strategic framework, and a budget. It submitted its final report in June 2010. As of late 2010, the directives and policies to implement the Ready Reserve awaited Secretarial decisions. However, due to

2940-688: The late 1980s, and presented the copyright to the PHS Surgeon General, by whom it is still held. The PHS is the only one of the uniformed services in which the copyright is held by the titular head of the Corps. In addition, King composed the Centennial Fanfare, "Anchor and Caduceus", for the PHS Corps Centennial event in 1989. The U.S. Coast Guard Band recorded both the PHS March and Centennial Fanfare for

3000-443: The other teams in the event of staffing shortages due to availability, or the need to scale up a response. Commissioned Corps personnel are trained and equipped to respond to public health crises and national emergencies, such as natural disasters, disease outbreaks, or terrorist attacks. The teams are multidisciplinary and are capable of responding to domestic and international humanitarian missions. Some notable deployments involving

3060-624: The rank had been known as observer lieutenant (first class) . In the United States , the rank of lieutenant commander exists in the United States Navy , United States Coast Guard , United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps , and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps . Within the U.S. Navy, lieutenant commanders are listed as junior officers . There are two insignia used by U.S. Navy and U.S. Coast Guard lieutenant commanders. On service khakis and all working uniforms, lieutenant commanders wear

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3120-487: The rank of admiral (O-10) if they are also a serving uniformed officer of the commissioned corps. The Public Health Service Commissioned Corps had its beginnings with the creation of the Marine Hospital Fund in 1798, which later was reorganized in 1871 as the Marine Hospital Service . The Marine Hospital Service was charged with the care and maintenance of merchant sailors, but as the country grew, so did

3180-557: The recommendation of the surgeon general and permission of the Assistant Secretary for Health . During deployments, commissioned corps officers may report to regular office spaces, such as coordinating responses at state-of-the-art emergency operations centers, or into the field in extremely austere environments, such as when responding to a natural disaster. In addition, deployments may either be on an individual basis, such as when specific skill sets are needed, or as part of

3240-660: The ships at the ports of call during the mission. The Affordable Care Act (ACA), signed by President Barack Obama on 23 March 2010, established the Ready Reserve Corps of the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps as the new surge capacity for the U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps. The ready reserve corps is intended to fulfill the need for additional commissioned personnel on short notice to assist Regular Corps personnel for both routine public health and emergency response missions during involuntary calls to active duty. The Ready Reserve Corps replaced

3300-499: The structure of military ranks which was followed in January 2021, by the Minister of Defense of Ukraine approving the compliance of military ranks with NATO codes by order though the order had a confidential status. Some European NATO partners such as Austria and Ireland describe their ranks in terms of NATO rank codes for comparison with NATO forces. Finland also had a conversion table to NATO standards prior to becoming

3360-467: The system broadly correspond to the U.S. uniformed services pay grades , with OR-x replacing E-x. The main difference is in the commissioned officer ranks, where the US system recognises two ranks at OF-1 level (O-1 and O-2), meaning that all O-x numbers after O-1 are one point higher on the US scale than they are on the NATO scale (e.g. a major is OF-3 on the NATO scale and O-4 on the US scale). Appendix B of

3420-462: The ubiquitous loop used in all RN officer rank insignia, except for the rank of Midshipman. The RAF follows this pattern with its equivalent rank of squadron leader . Having fewer officer ranks than the army, the RN previously split some of its ranks by seniority (time in rank) to provide equivalence: hence a lieutenant with fewer than eight years seniority wore two stripes, and ranked with an army captain;

3480-472: The uniform while on duty, although he allowed individual agencies to determine their own requirements. In 2004, Surgeon General Richard Carmona made uniforms compulsory whenever officers were on duty. The 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act established a Ready Reserve Corps for the PHSCC, but technical errors in the legislation prevented it from being implemented until the errors were corrected in

3540-436: Was later changed to "Supervising Surgeon General", which later became the surgeon general . Woodworth is credited with the formal creation of the commissioned corps. Woodworth organized the Marine Hospital Service medical personnel along Army military structure in 1889 to facilitate a mobile force of health professionals that could be moved for the needs of the service and country. He established appointment standards and designed

3600-454: Was previously established in 1953 as the U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare (HEW), and it is still led by the surgeon general . The commissioned corps allocates officers to all of the other uniformed services depending on the health or medical needs of each service. By the 1980s, the wearing of uniforms on a day-to-day basis was not consistently practiced. In 1987, Surgeon General C. Everett Koop advocated for consistent use of

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