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26-455: The Lillooet Tribal Council is the official English name of the largest tribal council of what is also known as the St'at'imc Nation , though not including all governments of St'at'imc peoples - the term St'at'imc Nation has another context of all St'at'imc peoples, not just those within this tribal council or the tribal council itself, as the term can be used for. The Lillooet Tribal Council a.k.a.

52-521: A larger cage were installed to carry passengers and freight together. The rowboat operated at least until 1958 and the aerial cage ferry until 1962. No type of ferry appears to have existed after the mid-1960s. During the Pacific Great Eastern Railway (PGE) construction, a hospital was based at Pavilion. By mid-October 1915, the rail head was 40 kilometres (25 mi) from Lillooet, having passed through Pavilion and reached

78-657: A nation. The Tsilhqot’in raided all 11 bands of the Stʼ;atʼimc and took women and children as slaves. Both nations met at many roots (Graveyard Valley) in the St’at’imc territory at which the Stʼatʼimc were victorious. Chief In-Kick-Tee (Hunter Jack) was the warchief in that battle and made a peace treaty in 1845. The declaration of the Lillooet Tribe was made in 1911 in Spences Bridge and

104-481: Is that the large banner of white cloth informed passing travellers of the presence of a "friendly Indian" camp in the context of the then-recent Fraser Canyon War farther south along the Fraser, and perhaps was also a mark of wealth, cloth being an expensive trading item. In 1856, David Reynolds began squatting on Pavilion Creek near Pavilion Lake . In 1858, Capt. John Martley preempted 186 hectares (460 acres) in

130-403: Is the nation's declaration of ownership over lands that had been seized by non-native settlers at Seton Portage at the onset of the 20th century, and is considered a general statement of principle regarding ownership of all traditional territories of the Stʼatʼimcets-speaking peoples. The Declaration of the Lillooet Tribe is the Lillooet Tribe's first formal declaration to the world of

156-665: The Hat Creek , a tributary of the Bonaparte River. The Upper Stʼátʼimc settled in several main settlements on the banks above the Fraser River and on the banks of the Seton and Anderson Lake — probably the word 'Stʼátʼimc' is derived from a former village Tʼatʼlh on Keatley Creek. Previous there were the following communities: Sk'ámqain on the shore of Seton Lake, Satʼ at

182-519: The Keatley Creek Archaeological Site . Salmon and other fish were the basis of the economy, and numerous animals (bear, sheep, caribou, deer, and small mammals) were hunted and trapped, and berries and fruit were gathered. Warfare with other groups was unusual, with intensive intertribal trade the more typical state of affairs. The Tsilhqot’in-St’at’imc war was one brutal war for the St’at’imc and threatened their survival as

208-511: The Low Bar Ferry as between Pavilion and High Bar , a concept that Morrow seems to have adopted. The photo is definitely a different ferry and the term Low Bar Ferry does not appear to have ever been used in the historical records. A cross river ferry subsidized from 1897, which existed between these two extremities, was called 20-Mile Post or Pavilion. The ferry was about 2.2 kilometres (1.4 mi) northwest of Pavilion. The size of

234-676: The Royal Engineers observed the indigenous people possessed a basic fluency in French from earlier contact with the fur traders. In 1862, Mayne published his journals for this period. He recalled a large white flag waving over the grave of an indigenous chief. Pavilion is the French word for tent or flag. The location was on the River Trail during the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush . One explanation for its significance

260-671: The Squamish First Nation , a Coast Salish people . Today they total about 6259. The Stʼatʼimc are divided linguistically, culturally and geographically into two main tribes or First Nations. The tiny and remote communities of Samahquam, Xa'xtsa and Ska'tin Bands collectively, including the Tenas Lake Band, seceded from the larger Lillooet Tribal Council (now called the Stʼ;atʼimc Nation ) at

286-531: The 19 Mile ranch. His son was a justice of the British Columbia Court of Appeal 1938–1963. In 1899, a partnership between John Bates Bryson and J.C. Smith purchased the Grange ranch, of which Byson became the sole owner two years later. The place was a stage stop. In 1949, the property was sold to Colonel Victor Spencer becoming part of the "Diamond S Ranch" . The Lee general store building

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312-767: The Fraser River from the mouth of the Pavilion Creek (′Sk'elpáqs′) to the Texas Creek in the mountains above the Bridge River and westward through the valleys of Seton Lake and Anderson Lake to Duffey Lake. The territory of the Upper Stʼ;átʼimc east of the Fraser River included the Three Lake Valley (also known as Fountain Valley ) and the adjacent mountains and stretched towards

338-468: The George Baillie property at 20 Mile, developing it into the "Box K" ranch. At 21 Mile, William Lee established a general store (1860s) and a flour mill (1872). The latter operated as late as 1909. The post office existed 1873, 1878–1881, 1882–1904, and 1905 onward. By the early 1890s, Phil Garrigan owned the 20 Mile ranch. He also ran a store and blacksmith shop. Cornelius O’Halloran owned

364-478: The Stʼátʼimc people is Lillooet (also known as Stʼatʼimcets, also spelled St̓át̓imcets or sometimes even Sƛ̓áƛ̓imxəc , pronounced [ˈʃtɬʼætɬʼɪmxətʃ]), a member of the Interior Salish group which includes the languages of the neighbouring Secwepemc (Shuswap) and Nlaka'pamux (Thompson) peoples. Pavilion, British Columbia Pavilion is an unincorporated community on

390-695: The St'at'imc Nation is the largest tribal council of the St'at'imc people (a.k.a. the Lillooet people), though a pan-St'at'imc organization, the St'át'timc Chiefs Council includes all St'at'imc bands. The formal beginnings of the modern Lillooet Tribal Council are to be found in the Declaration of the Lillooet Tribe of 1911, which asserted the sovereignty of the St'at'imcets-speaking communities and disputed recent pre-emptions of land at Seton Portage by white settlers. Other St'at'imcets -speaking groups within

416-516: The beginning of the 20th century this community speaks usually Stʼatʼimcets , but their particular dialect is a hybrid of Stʼatʼimcets and Secwepemctsin , because there had been many mixed marriages between Secwepemc and Stʼátʼimc, know forming the Tsk'weylecw'mc or Pavilion Indian Band . They had several types of dwellings—long plank houses, winter earthlodges, and summer bark- or mat-covered lodges, not unlike those at

442-603: The eastern side of the Fraser River in the South Cariboo region of southwestern British Columbia . The place is near Mile 21 of the Old Cariboo Road . On BC Highway 99 , the locality is by road about 36 kilometres (22 mi) northeast of Lillooet and 135 kilometres (84 mi) west of Kamloops . The early anglicized version of the village name was Skwailuk, meaning hoar-frost, perhaps indicating

468-576: The larger communities at Mount Currie and Lillooet . St%27at%27imc Stʼatʼimc culture displayed many features typical of Northwest Coast peoples : the potlatch , clan names, mythology, prestige afforded the wealthy and generous, and totem poles in some communities, especially in the Lil'wat First Nation ( Lil'wat7ul ), whose tribal lands and trade routes in the Whistler Valley and Green River Valley overlapped with those of

494-501: The same time to join the N'quatqua First Nation at ( D'Arcy ) to form the In-SHUCK-ch Nation. Since the 1980s these First Nations called themselves Nsvq’tsmc ('In-SHUCK-ch micw'), derived from Nsvq’ts – 'split like a crutch', the name of the holy mountain, now called In-SHUCK-ch Mountain (also called Gunsight Mountain). The tribal territory of the different groups of the Upper Stʼátʼimc extended west of

520-538: The shaded ground remaining frozen during the long winters at this elevation. The Ts'kw'aylaxw First Nation (a.k.a. the Tsk'waylacw First Nation or Tsk'weylecw First Nation), residing on the Pavilion 1 Indian Reserve comprise most of the area population. The Pavilion dialect is a mix of St'at'imcets and Secwepemc'tsn and many of the place names in the surrounding country are Secwepemc'tsn. In 1859, Lieutenant Mayne of

546-464: The site of present-day city of Lillooet, Nxwísten at the mouth of the Bridge River, Xáxlip (′Fountain′), Slha7äs and Tsal'álh along Seton Lake and Nk'wátkwa on the western shore of Lake Anderson. Beside those significant settlements there have been several smaller villages. In Pavilion (Tsk'wáylacw), a mainly ethnically and linguistically Secwepemc settlement in the 19th century, since

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572-411: The subsidies over the next two decades covered the payroll for the ferry operator, suggesting the use of only a rowboat, a fact not specified until 1917. A new ferry operator's residence was built in 1938–39. The rowboat was replaced in 1937–38 and 1942–43. In 1949, a two-passenger aerial cable ferry attached to concrete anchors was installed to augment the rowboat. Two years later, heavier cable and

598-538: The traditional territory of the St'at'imc people are incorporated separately as The member bands of In-SHUCK-ch, plus the N'quatqua Band, comprise the Lower Stl'atl'imx Tribal Council . These were all formerly part of the Lillooet Tribal Council but being all smaller rural reserves opted out to make their own way through the land claims process, despite maintaining close family and cultural ties to

624-563: The tribes status as a Country, in International terms, as they understood them at that time. The Declaration is mentioned as the foundation document of all the various organizations of the Lillooet Tribe in place today, such as the Stʼatʼimc Chiefs Council, Lillooet Tribal Council and the In-SHUCK-ch Nation . The Declaration brings the tribe together at the grassroots level as a Country. The ancestral language of

650-467: The vicinity. When Reynolds departed, Martley was granted this adjacent property. The Martley ranch was called "The Grange" and eventually comprised nearly 405 hectares (1,000 acres). At 22 Mile, the residence was a stop on the stage route. Martley also ran an Ashcroft –Lillooet freight business. In 1859, Pavilion comprised around 20 miners' huts, which provided a base to reorganize prior to proceeding to various mining prospects. In 1881, Billy Kane bought

676-430: Was modified or replaced over the decades. By the 1950s, the proprietors operated a bed and breakfast, five-table restaurant, post office/store, and gas bar. In 2000, an electrical fire destroyed the building. A community hall once existed. Pavilion roads and stages outlines progress extending to the north. By 1862, Barnard's Express stages ran from Douglas north to Pavilion. The caption to an 1890s photo describes

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