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82-617: Lion is an alcoholic beverage company that operates in Australia and New Zealand, and a subsidiary of Japanese beverage conglomerate Kirin . It produces and markets a range of beer and cider in Australia, and wine in New Zealand and the United States through Distinguished Vineyards & Wine Partners. It acts as distributors for a range of spirits in New Zealand, but does not own any distilleries outright, although holding
164-787: A Melbourne -based subsidiary called Lion Dairy & Drinks . Lion Dairy & Drinks was acquired by Bega in November 2020. As of 2020 the Australian arm of the company is registered in Sydney as Lion-Beer Spirits & Wine Pty Ltd , a body corporate with multiple business names registered to it, including the Lion Nathan Australia , South Australian Brewing Company , James Boag Brewing , Byron Bay Brewery, Hahn Brewing Company , James Squire Brewery , Castlemaine , Little Creatures Brewery , and others. Lion New Zealand
246-474: A Melbourne -based subsidiary called Lion Dairy & Drinks . Lion Dairy & Drinks was acquired by Bega in November 2020. In June 2013, the company launched the Tap King draught beer product that is sold with a CO 2 gas chamber so that consumers can drink draught beer at home. Lionel Richie appeared in a television commercial to promote the device and reportedly received A$ $ 1.5 million to appear in
328-529: A distillery in Beenleigh , Queensland . While retaining ownership of the two brands, in a 2008 joint venture with Bacardi-Martini , Lion Bacardi would be marketing the two brands. In 2020 McKenna Bourbon is owned by Heaven Hill distillers in the US. The only mention of this and a wide range of other spirits on the website is with regard to their distribution in New Zealand by Lion. In March 2019, Lion acquired
410-456: A drink ) is a beverage containing alcohol (ethanol) . Alcoholic drinks are typically divided into three classes— beers , wines , and spirits —and typically their alcohol content is between 3% and 50%. Many cultures have a distinct drinking culture , where alcoholic drinks are integrated into parties . Most countries have laws regulating the production, sale, and consumption of alcoholic beverages. For example, some regulations may require
492-511: A 2003 interview with Andrew Denton , Bond described the negotiations as follows: ...when we first sat down, we said, 'We're either going to sell our stations to you for $ 400 million, or you're going to sell your stations to us.' And [Kerry Packer] said, 'Well, I don't really want to sell my stations.' And I said, 'Oh, is that right?' So, anyway, after much discussion, Kerry thumped the table and said, 'Listen, if you can pay me $ 1 billion, I'll sell them to you, otherwise bugger off'. ... [T]hen I rang
574-477: A 4.5% abv pale lager , first brewed in 1859. (West End Export, West End Gold, and West End Light are no longer produced.) The Thebarton site finally closed on 17 June 2021, with about a third of the workforce, mainly those in sales and sponsorship roles, staying on with the company in South Australia. The company said that West End beer would be produced at its other breweries and that it would maintain
656-642: A 50% share of Four Pillars Gin in Victoria . Lion was formed in October 2009 under the name Lion Nathan National Foods when Kirin Holdings Company Limited purchased brewer Lion Nathan and merged the business with National Foods , which it had owned since 2007. In 2011, the company changed its name to Lion, one company with three businesses: Lion Beer, Spirits, and Wine Australia; Lion, Beer, Spirits and Wine NZ; with National Foods becoming
738-819: A 50% stake in Victorian small distillery Four Pillars Gin . and in July 2023 it acquired the remaining 50% stake it previously didn’t own for a rumored $ 50M AUD, becoming the outright owner of the Healesville-based distillery. In November 2020 Four Pillars were awarded as the World's best Gin producer for the second year running at the International Wine and Spirit Competition . Alcoholic beverage An alcoholic beverage (also called an adult beverage , alcoholic drink , strong drink , or simply
820-574: A charade he saw no need to keep up afterwards. He was forced to sell Glympton Park in England, which he purchased in 1988. In 1995, his family bought him out of bankruptcy, with creditors accepting a payment of A$ 12 million, a little over half a cent per dollar. In 1997, Bond was sentenced to seven years in prison after pleading guilty to using his controlling interest in Bell Resources to deceptively siphon off A$ 1.2 billion into
902-590: A complete takeover by Kirin Holdings. Lion was established in October 2009 under the name Lion Nathan National Foods when Kirin purchased the brewer Lion Nathan and merged the business with National Foods , which it had owned since 2007. The company was 46% owned by Kirin, with the difference made up by Australian and New Zealand share funds. In 2011, the company changed its name to Lion, one company with three businesses: Lion Beer, Spirits, and Wine Australia; Lion, Beer, Spirits and Wine NZ; with National Foods becoming
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#1732798045030984-509: A new listed company named Southcorp . The SA Brewing Company continued to trade under that name as an Australian private company until 1 May 2019, but from 21 January 2019 was subsumed as a registered business name under Lion-Beer Spirits & Wine Pty Ltd, being a body corporate registered in Sydney. As of 2020 the only beer brewed under the West End brand is West End Draught , a currently
1066-563: A private hospital in Perth to replace and repair his heart valves . Following complications, he was transferred to Fiona Stanley Hospital in Perth and placed on life support in an induced coma . He died on the morning of 5 June 2015. John Wood portrayed Bond in the miniseries The Challenge (1986), which depicted Australia's famous victory of the 1983 America's Cup . In the Australian TV miniseries Killing Time (2011), he
1148-498: A single painting at the time. However, the purchase was funded by a substantial loan from the auctioneer Sotheby's , which Bond failed to repay. The transaction was criticised by art dealers as possibly a manipulated sale designed to artificially inflate values generally (which it seems to have done). The painting was subsequently re-sold in 1990 to the J. Paul Getty Museum in Los Angeles . That same year, Bond also organised
1230-431: A suspected accidental overdose of prescription medication. Bond married Diana Bliss , a public relations consultant and theatre producer, in 1995. On 28 January 2012, Bliss was found dead in the couple's swimming pool. Police said the circumstances of her death were not suspicious and concluded that Bliss, a long-time sufferer of depression , had committed suicide. On 2 June 2015, Bond underwent open-heart surgery at
1312-411: A takeover bid for the independent South Australian Coopers Brewery . The takeover was strongly opposed by Coopers' management, and was rejected at an Extraordinary General Meeting when 93.4% of the shareholders voted in favour of permanently removing the "3rd tier purchasing rights" of Lion Nathan, effectively preventing any current or future takeover bid. In September 2009, shareholders voted in favour of
1394-478: A wine last longer, so they play an important role in the aging of wine . The average number of people who drink as of 2016 was 39% for males and 25% for females (2.4 billion people in total). Females on average drink 0.7 drinks per day while males drink 1.7 drinks per day. The rates of drinking varies significantly in different areas of the world. Alcohol is used in rum-running , the illegal business of smuggling alcoholic beverages where such transportation
1476-511: Is exclusively fermented with white sugar , yeast , and water. Fermented water is clarified after the fermentation to produce a colorless or off-white liquid with no discernible taste other than that of ethanol . Mead ( / m iː d / ), also called hydromel, is an alcoholic drink made by fermenting honey with water, sometimes with various fruits , spices , grains , or hops . The alcoholic content of mead may range from as low as 3% ABV to more than 20%. The defining characteristic of mead
1558-402: Is a depressant , which in low doses causes euphoria , reduces anxiety , and increases sociability. In higher doses, it causes drunkenness , stupor , unconsciousness , or death . Long-term use can lead to an alcohol use disorder , an increased risk of developing several types of cancer , cardiovascular disease , and physical dependence . Alcohol is classified as a carcinogen . In 2023,
1640-408: Is a cousin of car dealer John Hughes ). She and Bond were both 17, and she was pregnant at the time. Bond, who had been raised Protestant , converted to Catholicism for the marriage. The couple had four children: John, Craig, Susanne and Jody. Bond and Eileen divorced in 1992. Susanne, an equestrian showjumper who had been a member of the Australian showjumping team for seven years, died in 2000 from
1722-804: Is a fermented beverage most commonly produced from grapes . Wine involves a longer fermentation process than beer and often a long aging process (months or years), resulting in an alcohol content of 9%–16% ABV . Sparkling wines such French Champagne , Catalan Cava or Italian Prosecco are also made from grapes, with a secondary fermentation . Fruit wines are made from fruits other than grapes , such as plums , cherries , or apples . Distilled beverages (also called liquors or spirit drinks) are alcoholic drinks produced by distilling (i.e., concentrating by distillation ) ethanol produced by means of fermenting grain, fruit, or vegetables. Unsweetened, distilled, alcoholic drinks that have an alcohol content of at least 20% ABV are called spirits . For
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#17327980450301804-407: Is a large pub that specializes in beer . A cider house is an establishment that sells alcoholic cider for consumption on the premises. Some cider houses also sell cider "to go", for consumption off the premises. A traditional cider house was often little more than a room in a farmhouse or cottage , selling locally fermented cider. An ouzeri ( Greek ουζερί IPA: [uzeˈri] )
1886-501: Is a term used in the United States to describe an improvised alcoholic beverage . It is variously made from apples , oranges , fruit cocktail , fruit juices , hard candy , sugar , high fructose syrup , and possibly other ingredients, including crumbled bread . Drinking games are games which involve the consumption of alcoholic beverages and often enduring the subsequent intoxication resulting from them. Evidence of
1968-582: Is a type of Greek tavern which serves ouzo (a Greek liquor) and mezedes (small finger foods ). Pulquerías (or pulcherías) are a type of tavern in Mexico that specialize in serving an alcoholic beverage known as pulque . A tiki bar is a themed drinking establishment that serves elaborate cocktails, especially rum -based mixed drinks such as the Mai Tai and Zombie cocktails. Tiki bars are aesthetically defined by their tiki culture décor which
2050-679: Is also remembered for bankrolling the successful challenge for the 1983 America's Cup , the first time the New York Yacht Club had lost it in its 132-year history. He is also the founder of Bond University , Gold Coast, Australia. Alan Bond was born on 22 April 1938, the son of Frank and Kathleen Bond in the Hammersmith district of London , England. In 1950, aged 12, he emigrated to Australia with his parents and his elder sister Geraldine, living in Fremantle , near Perth. At
2132-495: Is an unlicensed hotel , liquor-store or other vendor of alcoholic beverages, sometimes with the added connotation of selling poor-quality products. A straw purchaser may receive money or recompense from the underage person in exchange for purchasing the alcohol on their behalf. Alcohol has been used as a currency for transactional sex in South Africa, and Uganda. Pruno also known as prison hooch or prison wine,
2214-510: Is based upon a romanticized conception of tropical cultures, most commonly Polynesian . Bond Corporation Alan Bond (22 April 1938 – 5 June 2015) was an Australian businessman noted for his high-profile and often corrupt business dealings. These included his central role in the WA Inc scandals of the 1980s; the biggest corporate collapse in Australian history; and also his criminal conviction that saw him serve four years in prison. He
2296-753: Is developing the Kao diamond pipe in the Kingdom of Lesotho . In 2007, the Federal Court rejected an attempt by Bond to sue freelance journalist Paul Barry over an article Barry wrote about his dealings in Africa with the Lesotho Diamond Company. Bond had claimed that the article had several false statements. In 2008 Bond appealed but this, too, was rejected by the same court which found Bond's claims had no reasonable prospects of success. Bond
2378-411: Is forbidden by law. Wine fraud relates to the commercial aspects of wine. The most prevalent type of fraud is one where wines are adulterated, usually with the addition of cheaper products (e.g. juices) and sometimes with harmful chemicals and sweeteners (compensating for color or flavor). Moonshine is illegal to produce and sell in most countries. In Australia, a sly-grog shop (or shanty)
2460-553: Is often used for medicinal purposes . It may be a grain spirit, or it may be made from other plants. It is used in mixed drinks , liqueurs , and tinctures , and also as a household solvent . In the alcoholic drinks industry, congeners are substances produced during fermentation . These substances include small amounts of chemicals such as occasionally desired alcohols, like propanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol , as well as compounds that are never desired such as acetone , acetaldehyde and glycols . Congeners are responsible for most of
2542-653: Is that the majority of the drink's fermentable sugar is derived from honey. Mead can also be referred to as "honeywine." Pulque is the Mesoamerican fermented drink made from the "honey water" of maguey , Agave americana . Pulque can be distilled to produce tequila or Mezcal . Rice wine is an alcoholic drink fermented and possibly distilled from rice , consumed in East Asia , Southeast Asia and South Asia . Sake , huangjiu , mijiu , and cheongju are popular examples of East Asian rice wine . Wine
Lion (Australasian company) - Misplaced Pages Continue
2624-596: Is the brewer of the XXXX brand of beers. In March 1980, Castlemaine Perkins merged with Tooheys to form Castlemaine Tooheys. Bond Corporation purchased Castlemaine Tooheys in 1985. Castlemaine Tooheys was acquired in 1992 by Lion Nathan . Prior to the acquisition of the brewing assets by Lion Nathan in 1993, the South Australian Brewing Company split its brewing assets into "SA Brewing Holdings", and its diversified operations were formed into
2706-497: Is the largest alcoholic beverage company in the country, employing 1000 people. The company markets beers such as Speight's , Steinlager , Mac's, Emerson's , Stella Artois and Corona , big names in spirits such as Smirnoff , Baileys , Bacardi , and Johnnie Walker , and many wines. The company owns a number of breweries and contract bottling plants in Australia and New Zealand. The Thebarton brewery in Adelaide operated by
2788-443: Is wine that has had a spirit added to it. Many different styles of fortified wine have been developed, including port , sherry, madeira , marsala , commandaria , and the aromatized wine vermouth . Rectified spirit , also called "neutral grain spirit", is alcohol which has been purified by means of "rectification" (i.e. repeated distillation). The term neutral refers to the spirit's lack of flavor that would have been present if
2870-636: The Emerson's Brewery , Speight's , Steinlager , Lion Red , Lion Brown, Panhead, Little Creatures, Waikato Draught , Black Ice, Rheineck and Lion Ice brands. (Canterbury Draught, first brewed in 1854 as Ward's Beer after the brewer Hamilton Ward and rebranded as Canterbury Draught in 1990, was associated with the Canterbury Cricket Association through sponsorship by Lion. However, the Christchurch earthquakes in 2011 put
2952-710: The 1983 America's Cup , which had been held by the New York Yacht Club since 1851, thus breaking the longest winning streak in the history of sport. That victory, widely regarded as one of Australia's greatest international sporting achievements, resulted in Bond's receipt of the Order of Australia , in the grade of Officer. In 1987, Bond paid $ 1 billion to purchase the Australia-wide Channel Nine television network from Kerry Packer 's PBL . In
3034-535: The Great Rebellion . The alcohol monopoly system has a long history in various countries, often implemented to limit the availability and consumption of alcohol for public health and social welfare reasons. The alcohol monopoly was created in the Swedish town of Falun in 1850, to prevent overconsumption and reduce the profit motive for sales of alcohol. It later went all over the country in 1905 when
3116-670: The National Australia Bank . I said, 'Look, I'm in discussions here to buy these television stations. Kerry will sell to me, and what I want to do is put our stations together and then, with Sky Channel , I'm going to float it off as a separate entity and raise the capital to pay for it... [Packer] said $ 1 billion [was his asking price], but I think I'll get it for $ 800 million.' ... [The bank manager] duly rang back and said yes. I said, 'Thank God. I'll go and have some further negotiations with Kerry,' which I did. And true to his word, he never budged one penny off it. So I settled
3198-535: The Queensland premier, Joh Bjelke-Petersen by paying out A$ 400,000. He said in a television interview several years later that he paid because "Sir Joh left no doubt that if we were going to continue to do business successfully in Queensland then he expected the matter to be resolved". In 1987, Bond purchased Vincent van Gogh 's renowned painting Irises for $ 54 million—the highest price ever paid for
3280-827: The South Australian Brewing Company is sometimes referred to as the West End Brewery (for other uses of this name, see West End Brewery ). The original forerunner of the company was Brown Campbell & Co, the company of Logan Campbell and William Brown who established the Hobson Bridge Brewery in Auckland in 1840. By 1897 it was the largest brewery in the North Island if not the country. In May 1897 Brown Campbell & Co amalgamated with Louis Ehrenfried's Albert Brewery, which he had bought in 1878, to form Campbell and Ehrenfried. The new company
3362-784: The Swedish parliament ordered all sales of vodka to be done via local alcohol monopolies. In 1894, the Russian Empire established a state monopoly on vodka, which became a major source of revenue for the Russian government. Later in the nineteenth century opposition to alcohol grew in the form of the temperance movement , in the United States , United Kingdom , Canada , Scandinavia and India , and it eventually led to national prohibitions in Canada (1918 to 1920), Norway (spirits only from 1919 to 1926 ), Finland (1919 to 1932), and
Lion (Australasian company) - Misplaced Pages Continue
3444-439: The congeners . Freeze distillation concentrates ethanol along with methanol and fusel alcohols (fermentation by-products partially removed by distillation) in applejack . Fortified wine is wine, such as port or sherry , to which a distilled beverage (usually brandy ) has been added. Fortified wine is distinguished from spirits made from wine in that spirits are produced by means of distillation , while fortified wine
3526-635: The Encouraging of the Distillation of Brandy and Spirits from Corn" Alcoholic beverages played an important role in the Thirteen Colonies from their early days when drinking wine and beer at that time was safer than drinking water – which was usually taken from sources also used to dispose of sewage and garbage. Drinking hard liquor was common occurrence in early nineteenth-century United States. The Whiskey Rebellion (also known as
3608-706: The Lion Nathan Australia, South Australian Brewing Company , James Boag Brewing , Byron Bay Brewery, Hahn Brewing Company , James Squire Brewery , Castlemaine , Little Creatures Brewery , and others. Lion New Zealand is the largest alcoholic beverage company in the country, employing 1000 people. The company markets beers such as Speight's , Steinlager , Mac's, Emerson's , Stella Artois and Corona , big names in spirits such as Smirnoff , Baileys , Bacardi , and Johnnie Walker , and many wines. Located in Brisbane , Queensland , Castlemaine Perkins
3690-487: The United States (1920 to 1933), as well as provincial prohibition in India (1948 to present). Beer is a beverage fermented from grain mash . It is typically made from barley or a blend of several grains and flavored with hops . Most beer is naturally carbonated as part of the fermentation process. If the fermented mash is distilled, then the drink becomes a spirit . Beer is the most consumed alcoholic beverage in
3772-531: The United States. Distinguished Vineyards & Wine Partners was founded in 2008, and as of December 2020 owns a number of wineries and brands in the US (including Markham Vineyards and Textbook Wines in the Napa Valley of California ) as well as in New Zealand (such as Wither Hills, Mt Difficulty, The Ned and Lindauer). In 2006, Lion bought ready-to-drink McKenna Bourbon from its parent company, Kirin. In 2007 it bought Inner Circle Rum , which included
3854-595: The WHO declared that 'the risk to the drinker’s health starts from the first drop of any alcoholic beverage.' Discovery of late Stone Age jugs suggests that intentionally fermented drinks existed at least as early as the Neolithic period. The oldest verifiable brewery has been found in a prehistoric burial site in a cave near Haifa in modern-day Israel . Researchers have found residue of 13,000-year-old beer that they think might have been used for ritual feasts to honor
3936-478: The Whiskey Insurrection) was a violent tax protest in the United States beginning in 1791 and ending in 1794 during the presidency of George Washington . The so-called "whiskey tax" was the first tax imposed on a domestic product by the newly formed federal government. Beer was difficult to transport and spoiled more easily than rum and whiskey. The Rum Rebellion of 1808 was a coup d'état in
4018-408: The age of 14, he was charged with stealing and being unlawfully on premises. Aged 18, he was arrested for being unlawfully on premises, and reportedly admitted planning a robbery. Bond began his career as a signwriter under the name 'Nu-Signs' after terminating his apprenticeship 18 months before it was due to end. In 1956 he was charged with attempted burglary, having been found by police roaming
4100-419: The brand in 1999, but the original brewery continues to produce craft beers under a different name (Stoke). A wide range of styles of beers in both bottles and cans continue to be sold under Mac's branding, As of 2020 including Mac's Gold (lager), Black Mac (a dark lager), and Hop Rocker (golden pilsener ). The website continues to list the back catalogue of Mac's beers as well. As of December 2020, Lion owns
4182-568: The brewery out of business.) The following beer brands are as of December 2020 brewed and/or marketed in Australia by Lion: Lion owns 5 Seeds , James Squire , Kirin, and Pipsqueak ( Little Creatures ) ciders. As of 2020 Lion does not have interests in any Australian wine brands. In 2001 the Lion Nathan Wine group purchased a controlling interest in Australian wine companies Petaluma and Banksia, adding New Zealand wine company Wither Hills in 2002. In 2005, Fine Wine Partners (FWP)
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#17327980450304264-703: The coffers of the Bond Corporation. The funds were used to shore up the cash resources of the ailing Bond Corporation, which spectacularly collapsed, leaving Bell Resources in a precarious and uncertain position. He was stripped of his 1984 honour as an Officer of the Order of Australia . Bond was released from Karnet Prison Farm in 2000, having served four years in various Western Australian prisons. Following release, he became active in various mining investments, predominately in Africa, including Madagascar Oil PLC and Global Diamond Resources, of Lesotho and
4346-459: The dead. The traces of a wheat-and-barley-based alcohol were found in stone mortars carved into the cave floor. The Carmona Wine Urn is a first century Roman glass urn containing intact wine . Discovered in 2019 in Carmona, Spain during excavations of the city's western Roman necropolis , analysis of the urn's contents five years after has deemed the vessel as the oldest surviving wine in
4428-584: The deal with $ 800 million and a $ 200 million note. So he put his own $ 200 million in. So I had $ 1 billion. And we put our other two stations up as collateral, which were worth probably $ 400 million. In fact, the agreed price was $ 1.05 billion. Packer took $ 800 million in cash and $ 250 million in subordinated debt in Bond Media. When Bond went bankrupt, Packer was able to turn the debt into a 37% equity in Bond Media, which now included Channel 9 in Brisbane, and
4510-575: The distillation of various substances. The distillation of wine is attested in Arabic works attributed to al-Kindī ( c. 801 –873 CE) and to al-Fārābī ( c. 872 –950), and in the 28th book of al-Zahrāwī 's (Latin: Abulcasis, 936–1013) Kitāb al-Taṣrīf (later translated into Latin as Liber servatoris ). 12th century: The process of distillation spread from the Middle East to Italy, where distilled alcoholic drinks were recorded in
4592-808: The establishment of the Bond Centre in Hong Kong , which was located in a twin tower skyscraper complex. The property was later bought by the Lippo Group of Indonesia, and is now known as the Lippo Centre . Bond became a public hero in his adopted country when he bankrolled challenges for the America's Cup , which resulted in his selection in 1978 as Australian of the Year (awarded jointly with Galarrwuy Yunupingu ). His Australia II syndicate won
4674-417: The existence of drinking games dates back to antiquity. Drinking games have been banned at some institutions, particularly colleges and universities. A drinking song is a song sung while drinking an alcoholic beverage. A beer garden (German: Biergarten ) is an outdoor area in which beer and food are served, typically at shared tables shaded by trees. A beer hall ( German : Bierpalast, Bierhalle )
4756-555: The journalists convicted of contempt of court after some electronic documents disappeared. In 2008, Bond made a return to the Business Review Weekly ' s "Rich 200 List", in 157th spot, with an estimated wealth of $ 265 million—thanks primarily to his stakes in Madagascar Oil and Global Diamond Resources. In 1955, Bond married Eileen Hughes, a member of a prominent Catholic family in Fremantle (she
4838-428: The labeling of the percentage alcohol content (as ABV or proof ) and the use of a warning label . Some countries ban the consumption of alcoholic drinks , but they are legal in most parts of the world. The temperance movement advocates against the consumption of alcoholic beverages. The global alcoholic drink industry exceeded $ 1.5 trillion in 2017. Alcohol is one of the most widely used recreational drugs in
4920-464: The landmark constitutional law case of Castlemaine Tooheys Ltd v South Australia , and G. Heileman Brewing Company in La Crosse, Wisconsin , US ), gold mining , television , and airships . Australia's first private university, Bond University , was founded by the Bond Corporation in 1987. He purchased QTQ-9 Brisbane and settled an outstanding defamation dispute the station had with
5002-425: The mash ingredients had been distilled to a lower level of alcoholic purity. Rectified spirit also lacks any flavoring added to it after distillation (as is done, for example, with gin ). Other kinds of spirits, such as whiskey , (or whisky) are distilled to a lower alcohol percentage to preserve the flavor of the mash. Rectified spirit is a clear, colorless, flammable liquid that may contain as much as 95% ABV . It
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#17327980450305084-575: The mid-12th century. In Italy, the works of Taddeo Alderotti (1223–1296) describe a method for concentrating alcohol involving repeated fractional distillation through a water-cooled still. By the early 14th century, distilled alcoholic drinks had spread throughout the European continent . Distillation spread to Ireland and Scotland no later than the 15th century, as did the common European practice of distilling " aqua vitae ", primarily for medicinal purposes. in 1690, England passed "An Act for
5166-495: The most common distilled drinks, such as whisky (or whiskey) and vodka, the alcohol content is around 40%. The term hard liquor is used in North America to distinguish distilled drinks from undistilled ones (implicitly weaker). Brandy , gin , mezcal , rum , tequila , vodka , whisky (or wiskey) , baijiu , shōchū and soju are examples of distilled drinks. Distilling concentrates the alcohol and eliminates some of
5248-419: The name Lion Breweries in 1977. Campbell and Ehrenfried bought 19.9 per cent of Lion Breweries in 1981. By the late 1980s, New Zealand Breweries had developed into one of New Zealand's largest companies. In 1988 Lion Breweries took over LD Nathan & Co, New Zealand's largest retailer, which at the time owned Woolworths NZ , to form Lion Nathan, listed on both the Australian and New Zealand stock exchanges under
5330-784: The neolithic village of Jiahu in the Henan province of northern China revealed residue left behind by the alcoholic drinks they had once contained. According to a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , chemical analysis of the residue confirmed that a fermented drink made of grape and hawthorn fruit wine, honey mead and rice beer was being produced in 7000–5600 BC (McGovern et al., 2005; McGovern 2009). The results of this analysis were published in December 2004. The earliest evidence of winemaking
5412-459: The promotional campaign. The introduction of the Tap King caused controversy, due to the perceived impact upon alcohol venues. Concerns were raised in regard to lower patronage rates for venues due to a greater incentive for consumers to drink beer in home environments. As of 2020 the Australian arm of the company is registered in Sydney as Lion-Beer Spirits & Wine Pty Ltd, a body corporate with multiple business names registered to it, including
5494-1017: The same recipe. James Squire beers are mostly produced by the Malt Shovel Brewery in Sydney . The brewery has won various awards including: Champion Australasian Brewery, 2000 and 2003 (Australian International Beer Awards), and Best Bohemian-Style Pilsener, 2008 (World Beer Cup). Since 2017, Malt Shovel also brews the originally New Zealand Panhead range of beers. Other Australian beer breweries and labels owned by Lion as of December 2020 are Hahn , Emu / Swan , James Boag , Little Creatures , Iron Jack (Sydney), Furphy (brewed in Geelong , Victoria ), Stone & Wood (brewed in Byron Bay , New South Wales ), White Rabbit, Byron Bay Brewery and Kosciuszko. Mac's craft beers were produced in New Zealand's first significant craft brewery , McCashin's Brewery , in 1981, by Terry McCashin . Lion acquired
5576-411: The streets of Fremantle dressed in State Electricity Commission overalls and carrying tools. Nu-Signs changed its name to Lesmurdie Heights – after the name of Bond's biggest estate – and changed the name again to Bond Corporation in 1959. In the 1960s, as a property developer in an expanding market, he was one of WA's largest borrowers from finance companies eager to lend to developers and uncritical of
5658-541: The symbol LNN. The same year, Woolworths' general merchandise division was rebranded DEKA , with ownership transferred to the Farmers Trading Company in 1992. In 1990 it became an Australasian business when it established a major presence in Australia by securing management control of Bond Corporation ’s brewing assets, including the Tooheys Brewery in Sydney and Castlemaine Perkins in Brisbane. In 1998 Douglas Myers sold most of his 16 percent share in Lion Nathan to Kirin Brewery Company of Japan. In 2005, Lion Nathan made
5740-439: The taste and aroma of distilled alcoholic drinks and contribute to the taste of non-distilled drinks. It has been suggested that these substances contribute to the symptoms of a hangover . Tannins are congeners found in wine in the presence of phenolic compounds. Wine tannins add bitterness, have a drying sensation, taste herbaceous, and are often described as astringent . Wine tannins add balance, complexity, structure and make
5822-399: The then-British penal colony of New South Wales , staged by the New South Wales Corps in order to depose Governor William Bligh . Australia's first and only military coup, its name derives from the illicit rum trade of early Sydney , over which the 'Rum Corps', as it became known, maintained a monopoly. During the first half of the 19th century, it was widely referred to in Australia as
5904-520: The valuations Bond put on his estates. Some of his developments included apartments along the Swan River and Lesmurdie Heights. In his heyday the Perth -based Bond was one of Australia's most prominent businesspeople. He extended his business interests into fields outside property development including brewing (he controlled Castlemaine Tooheys in Australia, leading the business to legal success in
5986-444: The world, and about 33% of all humans currently drink alcohol. In 2015, among Americans , 86% of adults had consumed alcohol at some point, with 70% drinking it in the last year and 56% in the last month. Several other animals are affected by alcohol similarly to humans and, once they consume it, will consume it again if given the opportunity, though humans are the only species known to produce alcoholic drinks intentionally. Alcohol
6068-617: The world, surpassing the previous record holder, the Speyer wine bottle (discovered in 1867) by three centuries. Beer was likely brewed from barley as early as 13,000 years ago in the Middle East. Pliny the Elder wrote about the golden age of winemaking in Rome , the 2nd century BCE (200–100 BCE), when vineyards were planted. Examination and analysis of ancient pottery jars from
6150-504: The world. Cider or cyder ( / ˈ s aɪ d ər / SY -dər ) is a fermented alcoholic drink made from any fruit juice ; apple juice (traditional and most common), peaches , pears (" Perry " cider) or other fruit. Cider alcohol content varies from 1.2% ABV to 8.5% or more in traditional English ciders. In some regions, cider may be called " apple wine ". Fermented water is an ethanol -based water solution with approximately 15-17% ABV without sweet reserve . Fermented water
6232-464: Was again played by John Wood. The Australian TV miniseries House of Bond (2017) is a heavily fictionalised account of Bond's life. Bond was portrayed by Ben Mingay . It was aired on the Nine Network on 24–25 April 2017. In 2021, Perth-based psychedelic rock/pop band Pond released a song titled "America's Cup" that would go on to appear on their ninth studio album, 9 ; the song, which
6314-629: Was dated at 6,000 to 5,800 BCE in Georgia in the South Caucasus . Celtic people were known to have been making types of alcoholic cider as early as 3000 BC. and wine was consumed in Classical Greece at breakfast or at symposia , and in the 1st century BC. Medieval Muslim chemists such as Jābir ibn Ḥayyān (Latin: Geber, ninth century) and Abū Bakr al-Rāzī (Latin: Rhazes, c. 865–925 ) experimented extensively with
6396-512: Was established as a joint venture between distributors Distinguished Vineyards and Tucker Seabrook, Robert Hirst's company. Lion bought out Tucker Seabrook in 2008, becoming sole owner of the company. FWP included the brands Petaluma, Croser, St Hallett, Knappstein, Stonier and Tatachilla, four wineries, and a large distribution network. In 2016, Accolade Wines acquired FWP, with Lion concentrating its core business of beer and cider in Australia, but continuing to hold wine businesses in New Zealand and
6478-399: Was included in Business Review Weekly 's "Rich 200 List" in 2008. In 2003, Bond was inducted into the America's Cup Hall of Fame . Since 2003, Bond had worked closely with his son Craig and longtime business partner Robert Quinn through Strategic Investments Ltd. Interests related to the Bond family also control Global Diamond Resources plc (formerly Lesotho Diamond Corporation) which
6560-496: Was involved in a long-running defamation case against The West Australian newspaper and journalists Mark Drummond and Sean Cowan over a series of articles published in December 2005, in which it was alleged that Bond's friend and business partner Robert Leslie Nelson was moving to hide Bond's involvement in Lesotho Diamond Corporation, Madagascar Oil and a gold company. During that case, Bond tried to have
6642-596: Was managed by Arthur Myers , Ehrenfried's nephew. In 1914 Campbell and Ehrenfried merged with the Great Northern Brewery, which owned the Lion brand. In 1923 ten breweries amalgamated to form New Zealand Breweries . Campbell and Ehrenfried merged its breweries into New Zealand Breweries but remained a separate company. Douglas Myers , grandson of Arthur Myers, became CEO of Campbell and Ehrenfried in 1965. The northern division of New Zealand Breweries adopted
6724-473: Was worth about $ 500 million. It was valued at $ 1 billion, but had $ 500 million in debt on the books. Packer was quoted as saying "You only get one Alan Bond in your lifetime, and I've had mine". In 1992, Bond was declared bankrupt after failing to repay a $ 194 million personal guarantee on a loan for a nickel -mining project. His debts reportedly totalled $ 1.8 billion at the time. He feigned brain damage to avoid answering questions during bankruptcy trials,
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