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90-676: It connects Maienfeld in Graubünden and Balzers in Liechtenstein. Near the pass is a fortification that dates from the 18th century and is still used as a caserne by the Swiss Army . The pass road has a maximum grade of 12 percent. This Graubünden location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Liechtenstein location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Maienfeld Maienfeld ( Romansh : Maiavilla )

180-645: A far-reaching autonomy, but also were involved in constant struggles with the Habsburgs, who ruled the neighbouring territories to the east and who kept trying to bring the Grisons under their influence. During the 1470s and 1480s, Duke Sigismund had succeeded in acquiring step by step the high justice over most of the communes of the Zehngerichtebund ("League of the Ten Jurisdictions" in

270-466: A municipality where agriculture and the tertiary sector play a significant role in the economy. As of  2014 , there were a total of 1,750 people employed in the municipality. Of these, a total of 173 people worked in 57 businesses in the primary economic sector . The secondary sector employed 499 workers in 52 separate businesses. A minority (24.8%) of the secondary sector employees worked in very small businesses. There were 10 small businesses with

360-671: A part of the empire until the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, the peace of Basel exempted it from the imperial jurisdiction and imperial taxes and thus de facto acknowledged it as a separate political entity. One source of conflict was the ancient distrust, rivalry, and hostility between the Old Swiss Confederacy and the House of Habsburg , which had risen to the throne of the Holy Roman Emperor since 1438. Since

450-779: A raid on Dornach on March 22, but suffered a defeat against numerically inferior Swiss troops in the Battle of Bruderholz that same evening. In early April, both sides raided each other's territories along the Rhine; the Swiss conquered the villages of Hallau and Neunkirch in the Klettgau west of Schaffhausen. A larger attack of the Swabian League took place on April 11, 1499: the Swabian troops occupied and plundered some villages on

540-519: A small troop of Habsburg soldiers on their way back home. When those engaged in the usual insults on the Swiss, the latter crossed the Rhine and killed the scoffers. In retaliation, Habsburg troops sacked the village of Maienfeld on February 7 and called the Swabian League for help. Only five days later, Swiss troops from several cantons had been assembled and reconquered the village and moved towards Lake Constance, pillaging and plundering along

630-637: A third raid in the Hegau, but abandoned the operation one week later after the city of Stockach withstood a siege long enough for Swabian relief troops to come dangerously close. Simultaneously, the Three Leagues attacked the Habsburg troops that camped again at Glurns on May 22, 1499, before Maximilian could arrive with reinforcements. They overran the fortifications and routed the Austrian army in

720-435: A total of 228 employees and two mid sized businesses with a total of 147 employees. Finally, the tertiary sector provided 1,078 jobs in 227 businesses. There were 14 small businesses with a total of 300 employees and 3 mid sized businesses with a total of 258 employees. In 2015 a total of 1.8% of the population received social assistance. In 2011 the unemployment rate in the municipality was 1.5%. In 2015 local hotels had

810-427: A total of 28,619 overnight stays, of which 47.1% were international visitors. In 2015 the average cantonal, municipal and church tax rate in the municipality for a couple with two children making SFr  80,000 was 3.3% while the rate for a single person making SFr 150,000 was 14.1%. The canton has an average tax rate for those making SFr 80,000 and an average rate for those making SFr 150,000. In 2013

900-453: A voting member of the Three Leagues, was also under the protection and control of the Three Leagues. Maienfeld indirectly set policy for managing Maienfeld. In 1529, the Tardis bridge was built over the Rhine river, shifting trade routes away from Maienfeld. In 1622 and again in 1720 the town was heavily damaged due to fire. It was the home of the scholar Hortensia von Moos (1659–1715) who

990-589: A war between two equal members of the empire ( Imperial estate , or Reichsstände ), namely the House of Habsburg and the Swiss Confederacy. The document referred to Maximilian only as "duke of Habsburg", not as "king of the Germans" or even "Holy Roman Emperor". With the Peace of Basel, the relations between the Old Swiss Confederacy and the empire returned to the status quo ante bellum from before

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1080-740: Is a municipality in the Landquart Region in the Swiss canton of Graubünden . It is a tourist destination in the Alps , both because of the local wine and because it was the setting of the story Heidi . Maienfeld lies along a key route through the Rhine Valley in the Alps . Prehistoric Bronze work and a pre-Roman cellar have been found in the city and on St. Luzisteig hill. A 3rd-century Roman station or settlement has been found along

1170-434: Is about the same as the percentage in the canton (49.4%) and less than the percentage nationally (57.4%). Of the 582 inhabited buildings in the municipality, in 2000, about 49.3% were single family homes and 25.1% were multiple family buildings. Additionally, about 30.6% of the buildings were built before 1919, while 19.8% were built between 1991 and 2000. In 2014 the rate of construction of new housing units per 1000 residents

1260-633: Is first mentioned as a town in 1346, however it seems to have lacked a town government (until 1437) or guilds . In 1388, Maienfeld acquired the right to charge a toll on the Roman Road that led from Chur over the St. Luzisteig to the north. Maienfeld also had a market, though the neighboring city of Malans had the market right. Following the death of the Toggenburger line, Maienfeld joined the League of

1350-433: Is known for her writings on the status of women. Maienfeld is located 8 kilometers (5.0 mi) southeast of Sargans in the lower Chur Rhein valley. It is bordered on the west by Bad Ragaz , Canton of St. Gallen and on the west and north by the community of Fläsch , Canton Graubünden. To the north, it is bordered by Balzers , Triesen , Schaan , the country of Liechtenstein , Nenzing and Vorarlberg , Austria. To

1440-455: Is the site of an important alpine pass, which leads into Liechtenstein, and is guarded by an 18th-century fortress that is now barracks for the Swiss Army . The old Walser settlement Stürfis was abandoned by 1633 and became a part of Maienfeld, when the inhabitants moved to Rofels. In contrast, the Walser settlement Guscha was occupied until 1969 when the last two families were bought out by

1530-598: The Ewige Richtung , although the emperor never recognized it. In the following Burgundy Wars , the Swiss and Sigismund both fought against Charles the Bold. In 1487, Sigismund arranged the marriage of Frederick's daughter Kunigunde to Duke Albert IV of Bavaria against her father's will, and he also signed away some of his territories in Tyrol and Further Austria to Albert IV. Frederick intervened by force: he founded

1620-605: The 2015 federal election the most popular party was the SVP with 34.8% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the FDP (16.9%), the FDP (16.9%) and the SP (13.3%). In the federal election, a total of 1,052 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 50.7%. The 2015 election saw the percentage that the BDP received dropped from 22.1% (in 2011) to 16.9%. In the 2007 federal election

1710-516: The Battle of Calven and then ravaged the Vinschgau, before retreating after three days. Maximilian and his troops arrived one week later, on May 29. In revenge, his troops pillaged the Engadin valley, but retreated quickly before reinforcements from the Swiss Confederacy arrived. The refusal of the military leaders of the Swabian League to withdraw troops from the northern front to send them to

1800-522: The Battle of Dornach on July 22, 1499, the Swabian and mercenary troops suffered a heavy defeat after a long and hard battle. Their general Heinrich von Fürstenberg fell early in the fight, about 3,000 Swabian and 500 Swiss soldiers died, and the Swabians lost all of their artillery again. One of the last skirmishes of the war took place on July 25. A Swabian army marched from the Hegau on Schaffhausen, but met with fierce defense at Thayngen . Although

1890-529: The Battle of Frastanz near Feldkirch on April 20, 1499. The continued defeats of both Habsburg and Swabian armies made King Maximilian, who had hitherto been occupied in the Netherlands, travel to Constance and assume the leadership of the operations himself. He declared an imperial ban over the Swiss Confederacy in an attempt to gain wider support for the operation amongst the German princes by declaring

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1980-629: The Duchy of Milan and soon got deeply involved in the Italian Wars , where Swiss mercenaries ended up fighting on both sides. The involvement of the Old Swiss Confederacy , acting in its own interests in these wars, was brought to an end by the defeat against French forces in the battle of Marignano in 1515 and a subsequent peace treaty with the French king in 1516, the so-called Eternal Peace . However, Swiss mercenaries from individual cantons of

2070-685: The Engadin " in Austria ) was the last major armed conflict between the Old Swiss Confederacy and the House of Habsburg . What had begun as a local conflict over the control of the Val Müstair and the Umbrail Pass in the Grisons soon got out of hand when both parties called upon their allies for help; the Habsburgs demanding the support of the Swabian League , while the Federation of

2160-418: The House of Valois over the control of the remains of the realm of Charles the Bold , whose daughter and heiress Mary Maximilian had married. Maximilian's second marriage in 1493 with Bianca Maria Sforza from Milan then got the Habsburgs directly involved in the Italian Wars , clashing again with the French kings over the control of the Duchy of Milan . As a direct connection between Tyrol and Milan,

2250-455: The Prättigau , the youngest of the Three Leagues that had sprung up in the Grisons, having been founded only in 1436), and Maximilian continued this expansionist strategy. The Habsburg pressure prompted the Three Leagues to sign a close military alliance with the Swiss Confederacy in 1497–98. At the same time, the Habsburgs had been involved in a major power struggle with the French kings of

2340-563: The Swabian League in 1488, an alliance of the Swabian cities, the Swabian knights of the League of St. George's Shield and the counts of Württemberg and Tyrol and Vorarlberg. With their help, he forced the Wittelsbach house to return the territories signed over by Sigismund. In 1490, Sigismund was forced to abdicate and turn over all his territories to Frederick's son Maximilian I . Maximilian had married Mary of Burgundy in 1477 after

2430-563: The Swiss Reformed Church . Of the rest of the population, there are 20 individuals (or about 0.84% of the population) who belong to the Orthodox Church, and there are 32 individuals (or about 1.35% of the population) who belong to another Christian church. There are 35 (or about 1.48% of the population) who are Islamic. There are 5 individuals (or about 0.21% of the population) who belong to another church (not listed on

2520-660: The Three Leagues of the Grisons turning to the Swiss Eidgenossenschaft . Hostilities quickly spread from the Grisons through the Rhine valley to Lake Constance and even to the Sundgau in southern Alsace , the westernmost part of the Habsburg region of Further Austria . Many battles were fought from January to July 1499, and in all but a few minor skirmishes, the experienced Swiss soldiers defeated

2610-504: The Confederacy was a mere formality. The city had been an imperial city since 1415 and an associate state of the Confederacy since 1454 through a 25-year contract that had been renewed in 1479. On August 10, 1501, it became the twelfth member of the Confederacy. With the end of the war, the Swiss troops were no longer bound along the Rhine and in the Grisons. The cantons concluded new mercenary contracts, so called capitulations , with

2700-519: The Confederacy were fully normalized in the Erbeinung of 1511, a renewal of the earlier Ewige Richtung of 1474 and a first Erbeinung of 1477. In that treaty, the Habsburgs finally and officially gave up all their territorial claims of old, and even designated the Confederacy the protecting power of the County of Burgundy . In the Treaty of Westphalia of 1648, all members and associate states of

2790-619: The Diet of Worms in 1495. The imperial ban was dropped silently. Maximilian had to accept the independence of the cantons and to abandon implicitly the Habsburg claims on their territories. Consequently, the then ten members of the Swiss Confederacy remained exempt from the jurisdiction of the Reichskammergericht . The Swiss henceforth also exercised high justice over the Thurgau. The war had not caused any territorial changes, except in

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2880-642: The Grisons and in particular the Val Müstair became strategically important to the Habsburgs. The Umbrail Pass in the Val Müstair connects the Vinschgau valley (Val Venosta) in southern Tyrol with the Valtellina in northern Italy. Furthermore, the Habsburgs and the Bishop of Chur had been quarrelling over the judicial rights over the region for some time. On January 20, 1499, Habsburg troops occupied

2970-401: The Grisons as Maximilian had demanded made the king return to Lake Constance. The differences between the Swabians, who preferred to strike in the north, and the king, who still hoped to convince them to help him win the struggle in the Val Müstair, led to a pause in the hostilities. Troops were assembled at Constance, but an attack did not occur. Until July, nothing of significance happened along

3060-530: The Habsburgs losing the Prättigau to the Three Leagues, with the exception of a temporary re-occupation during the Thirty Years' War nearly 130 years later. Basel had remained studiously neutral throughout the whole war. Although allied with some cantons of the Swiss Confederacy, it also had strong economic ties in the Alsace and further down along the Rhine . But the events of the war had strengthened

3150-511: The Imperial Diet, and they explicitly refused to pay the common penny. They had no interest whatsoever in sending troops to serve in an army under Habsburg authority, nor in paying taxes, nor would they accept any foreign court's jurisdiction; and they had succeeded in securing public peace within their territories reasonably well by themselves. They simply considered the whole proposal a curtailing of their freedom. The Swiss were by far not

3240-458: The Swabian League, the Eidgenossen flatly refused: they saw no reason to join an alliance designed to further Habsburg interests, and they were wary of this new, relatively closely knit and powerful alliance that had arisen on their northern frontier. Furthermore, they resented the strong aristocratic element in the Swabian League, so different from their own organization, which had grown over

3330-572: The Swabian War continued, the Milanese ruler Ludovico il Moro —whose niece Bianca Maximilian had married in 1493—could not expect help from either Swiss mercenaries or Maximilian, and thus his envoy Galeazzo Visconti tried to mediate between the Swiss and the king. The French delegation at the Tagsatzung (Swiss federal diet and war council) tried to prevent any agreement for

3420-541: The Swabian War itself by triggering skirmishes and looting expeditions that the military commands of neither side had ever wanted or planned. Maximilian I, like other Holy Roman Emperors before and after him, had to face struggles with other powerful princes in the empire and he thus sought to secure his position and the imperial monarchy by furthering centralisation. At the Imperial Diet held in Worms in 1495 ,

3510-463: The Swabian and Habsburg armies. After their victories in the Burgundian Wars , the Swiss had battle tested troops and commanders. On the Swabian side, distrust between the knights and their foot soldiers , disagreements amongst the military leadership, and a general reluctance to fight a war that even the Swabian counts considered to be more in the interests of the powerful Habsburgs than in

3600-474: The Swiss Army and the village became part of their training area. Maienfeld has an area, (as of the 2004/09 survey) of 32.33 km (12.48 sq mi). Of this area, about 43.1% is used for agricultural purposes, while 31.9% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 5.8% is settled (buildings or roads) and 19.2% is unproductive land. In the 2004/09 survey a total of 76 ha (190 acres) or about 2.3% of

3690-421: The Swiss had assumed the low justice since the annexation in 1460. The foundation of the Swabian League prompted the Swiss city states of Zürich and Bern to propose accepting Constance into the Swiss Confederacy. The negotiations failed, though, due to the opposition of the founding cantons of the Confederacy and Uri in particular. The split jurisdiction over the Thurgau was the cause of many quarrels between

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3780-523: The Swiss had begun to form alliances north of the Rhine river , concluding a first treaty with Schaffhausen in 1454 and then also treaties with cities as far away as Rottweil (1463) and Mulhouse (1466). The city of Constance and its bishop were caught in the middle between these two blocks: they held possessions in Swabia, but the city also still exercised the high justice over the Thurgau , where

3870-457: The Swiss in the War of Waldshut , which he could end without significant territorial losses only by paying a large ransom, which he financed by pawning territories in the Sundgau and the Alsace to Charles the Bold of Burgundy in 1469. Charles did not, however, help Sigismund against the Swiss, and so Sigismund bought back the territories in 1474 and concluded a peace treaty with the Confederacy,

3960-481: The Swiss raided the Klettgau and the Hegau and pillaged several fortified smaller Swabian cities such as Tiengen or Stühlingen before retreating again. This whole war was characterized by many such smaller raids and plundering expeditions of both sides between a few larger battles. On the eastern front, a new Habsburg attack on the Rhine valley provoked a counterstrike of the Eidgenossen , who remained victorious in

4050-469: The Swiss was the lack of any unified command. The cantonal contingents only took orders from their own leaders. Complaints of insubordination were common. The Swiss Diet had to adopt this resolution on 11 March 1499: "Every canton shall impress upon its soldiers that when the Confederates are under arms together, each one of them, whatever his canton, shall obey the officers of the others." The war

4140-488: The Swiss, and were also short on artillery, after repeatedly having lost their equipment to the Swiss. The Swiss also had no desire to prolong the war further, though they refused a first peace proposal that Maximilian presented at Schaffhausen in August 1499. However, events in the Italian Wars helped bring the Swabian War to an end. King Louis XII of France tried to bring the Duchy of Milan under his control. As long as

4230-518: The Ten Jurisdictions in 1436. In 1438 the city reached an agreement with the von Brandis and von Aarburg (inheritors of some Toggenburg lands) families. The agreement gave Maienfeld a set of rights and gave the city the right to Low Justice over the communities of Malans and Jenins . During the 14th century, the Walser moved into the Maienfeld area and founded settlements that eventually became

4320-478: The Walser part of town. However, it would take several centuries until the Walser were granted full citizen rights. Maienfeld had been fully Romansh before this time, but during the Germanic-speaking Walser immigration Maienfeld became Germanized. By the 16th century, the region was nearly completely Germanic. In 1458, the town was devastated by a fire. During the 1499 Swabian War , Maienfeld

4410-456: The area around Schaffhausen, where the city had asserted its hegemony over some places that had formerly belonged to the Bishop of Constance . In the Grisons, the situation also reverted to pre-war conditions. The Habsburg kept their rights over eight of the communes of the League of the Ten Jurisdictions , but also had to accept that league's alliance in the Three Leagues and with the Swiss Confederacy. Ultimately, this arrangement would lead to

4500-433: The average income in the municipality per tax payer was SFr 85,722 and the per person average was SFr 43,132, which is greater than the cantonal averages of SFr 69,964 and SFr 33,075 respectively It is also greater than the national per tax payer average of SFr 82,682 and the per person average of SFr 35,825. From the 2000 census , 689 or 29.1% are Roman Catholic, while 1,384 or 58.4% belonged to

4590-611: The battlefield, sometimes competing for contracts, intensified. Contemporary chronicles agree in their reports that the Swiss, who were considered the best soldiers in Europe at the time after their victories in the Burgundian Wars , were subject to many taunts and abuses by the Landsknechte ; they were called "Kuhschweizer" and ridiculed in other ways. Such insults were neither given nor taken lightly, and frequently led to bloodshed. Indeed, such incidents would contribute to prolong

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4680-795: The census), 129 (or about 5.45% of the population) belong to no church, are agnostic or atheist , and 74 individuals (or about 3.13% of the population) did not answer the question. Maienfeld sits on the Chur–Rorschach railway between Sargans and Chur and is served by local trains at Maienfeld railway station . Swabian War Swiss victory Peace of Basel [REDACTED] Swabian League [REDACTED]   Old Swiss Confederacy The Swabian War of 1499 ( Alemannic German : Schwoobechrieg (spelling depending on dialect), called Schwabenkrieg or Schweizerkrieg ("Swiss War") in Germany and Engadiner Krieg ("War of

4770-474: The city and the Confederacy. In 1495, one such disagreement was answered by a punitive expedition of soldiers of Uri and the city had to pay the sum of 3,000 guilders to make them retreat and cease their plundering. (The Thurgau was a condominium of the Swiss Confederacy, and Uri was one of the cantons involved in its administration.) Finally, Constance joined the Swabian League as a full member on November 3, 1498. Although this did not yet definitively define

4860-411: The conflict an " imperial war ". However, this move had no success. Maximilian then decided that the next decisive attack should take place again in the Val Müstair, since he didn't have enough troops near Constance to risk attacking there. An abandoned attack attempt in the west in early May 1499 had drawn significant Swiss forces there, who subsequently raided the Sundgau . On May 21, the Swiss undertook

4950-625: The death of Charles the Bold in the Burgundy Wars and thus inherited the Burgundian territories: the Duchy of Burgundy , the County of Burgundy (Franche-Comté) and the Netherlands . He took over and expanded the Burgundian administration with a more centralized style of government, which in 1482, caused the outbreak of a rebellion of the cities and counts, allied with Charles VIII of France , against Maximilian. The Duchy of Burgundy

5040-416: The east is the community of Seewis im Prättigau , Canton Graubünden. To the southwest Jenins und Malans , Canton Graubünden. In the south it is bordered by Igis and Zizers , Canton Graubünden, as well as in the southwest the community of Mastrils , Canton Graubünden. Maienfeld is located on the right side of the Rhein valley and includes the boroughs of; Bovel, Rofels und St. Luzisteig . St. Luzisteig

5130-554: The emperor and princes joined force to proclaim an "eternal public peace " ( Ewiger Landfriede ) to put an end to the abounding feuds and the anarchy of the robber barons and it defined a new standing Imperial Army to defend the Reich, to which each imperial estate ( Reichsstand ) would have had to send troops. It also mandated the common penny ( Reichspfennig ), a new head tax to finance this army and other institutions, although this tax never became viable during Maximilian's reign. The Swiss did not accept these resolutions of

5220-530: The emperor was a distant overlord. Before 1438, the empire and the emperor had been an antipole to the Habsburg dukes for the Swiss. Previous emperors had repeatedly supported the confederates in their struggles against the Habsburgs, whom they saw as strong rivals. They had confirmed the Imperial immediacy of the Swiss on several occasions; and the Swiss had succeeded in defending their privileged status against Habsburg dukes who had tried to regain their former territories. When Frederick III of Habsburg ascended to

5310-451: The end of his wars against the French about his Burgundian possessions; he kept the territories in the Netherlands and also the County of Burgundy , but had to cede the Duchy of Burgundy to the French king. Maximilian controlled thus territories that nearly encircled the Old Swiss Confederacy: Tyrol and Vorarlberg in the east, Further Austria in the north, and the County of Burgundy in the west. When asked by Emperor Frederick to also join

5400-407: The federation continued to participate in the Italian Wars well beyond (until the middle of the 16th century) in the service of various parties and, following that peace with France, in particular in the service of the French king. The Swiss Confederacy remained an independent Reichsstand of the Holy Roman Empire , but as it was not even obliged to participate in the Imperial Diet , this relation

5490-411: The following years, manage to assert the Habsburg hegemony in the Netherlands. Maximilian had been elected King of the Romans in 1486 on his father's initiative, and they had been ruling jointly since then. Upon the death of Frederick in 1493, Maximilian also took over his father's possessions and thus united the whole Habsburg territory in his hands. In the same year, the Peace of Senlis also marked

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5580-399: The harvest. Maximilian was forced to act. An attack by sea across Lake Constance on Rheineck and Rorschach on July 21 was one of the few successful Swabian operations. The small Swiss detachment was taken by surprise, the villages plundered and burnt. A much larger attack of an army of about 16,000 soldiers in the west on Dornach, however, met a quickly assembled but strong Swiss army. In

5670-404: The imperial immediacy of the members of the Confederacy. But Frederick's troubled reign did not leave room for military operations against the Swiss. In Austria , Frederick was in conflict first with his brother Albert and then faced the pressure of Matthias Corvinus , who even drove him from Vienna and forced Frederick's court to assume an itinerant lifestyle. In the empire, Frederick faced

5760-417: The interest of the Holy Roman Empire proved fatal handicaps. When his military high commander fell in the battle of Dornach , where the Swiss won a final decisive victory, Emperor Maximilian I had no choice but to agree to a peace treaty signed on September 22, 1499, in Basel . The treaty granted the Confederacy far-reaching independence from the empire. Although the Eidgenossenschaft officially remained

5850-435: The last two hundred years liberating themselves from precisely such an aristocratic rule. On the Swabian side, similar concerns existed. For the common people in Swabia, the independence and freedom of the Eidgenossen was a powerful and attractive role model. Many a baron in southern Swabia feared that his own subjects might revolt and seek adherence to the Swiss Confederacy. These fears were not entirely without foundation:

5940-399: The late 13th century, the members of the Swiss Confederacy had gradually taken control of territories that once had belonged to the Habsburg realm. The Swiss had attained the status of imperial immediacy , being subject only to the emperor himself, and not to any intermediate Princes or liege lords . This status granted them a far-reaching autonomy within the Holy Roman Empire, even more so as

6030-413: The mid 10th century until the mid 12th century, the counts of Bregenz ruled Maienfeld. Their castle at Maienfeld was destroyed in 1079 by Henry IV, HRE during the Investiture Controversy . The current Schloss Brandis was initially built in 1270–75 by the von den Aspermont family and later by Friedrich VII, count of Toggenburg . In 1465 it was rebuilt and expanded by the Baron von Brandis. The town

6120-430: The most popular party was the SVP which received 42% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the FDP (28.7%), the SP (20%) and the CVP (8%). In Maienfeld about 79.1% of the population (between age 25–64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule ). Maienfeld is a mixed agricultural and tertiary community,

6210-441: The old Roman Road . The 4th or 5th century Tabula Peutingeriana map shows a place called Magia near modern Maienfeld. The village is first mentioned in 831 and was known as Lupinis at that time. The name of the village changed several times over the following centuries and included; Magenza , Lopine , Maging and Magen zu Luppinis . Finally, in 1295 the name Maienvelt was used, which eventually became Maienfeld. From

6300-411: The only members of the empire who refused to accept the resolutions, but Maximilian would use their refusal later as a pretext to place the Swiss Confederacy under an imperial ban ( Reichsacht ). Open war broke out over a territorial conflict in the Grisons , where during the 15th century a federation similar to the Eidgenossenschaft had developed. Like the Swiss, these Three Leagues had achieved

6390-420: The opposition of the Bavarian Wittelsbach dynasty and of his cousin Sigismund , who was duke in Tyrol , Vorarlberg , and Further Austria then. Sigismund had been in conflict with the Swiss Confederacy, too. When he had been banned by Pope Pius II in a conflict over the nomination of a bishop in Tyrol, the Swiss had annexed the formerly Habsburg territories of the Thurgau . In 1468, Sigismund clashed with

6480-463: The population and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 18.6%. In 2015 there were 1,204 single residents, 1,180 people who were married or in a civil partnership, 158 widows or widowers and 225 divorced residents. The historical population is given in the following chart: Johanna Spyri 's classic book Heidi is largely set in Maienfeld. Both Brandis Castle and Salenegg Castle are listed as Swiss heritage sites of national significance . In

6570-436: The population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 5 years (2010-2015) the population has changed at a rate of 8.34%. The birth rate in the municipality, in 2015, was 9.4, while the death rate was 10.2 per thousand residents. In 2015 there were 1,238 private households in Maienfeld with an average household size of 2.21 persons. In 2015 about 51.3% of all buildings in the municipality were single family homes, which

6660-715: The position of the city—during the Reformation , it would be allied again with Zürich and Bern, and only after the defeat of the Schmalkaldic League in 1548 its close connections to the Eidgenossenschaft would be finally severed—it was another factor contributing to the growing estrangement between the Swiss and the Swabians. The competition between Swiss ( Reisläufer ) and Swabian mercenaries ( Landsknechte ), who both fought in armies throughout Europe, sometimes opposing each other on

6750-438: The pro-confederate party in the city council, and the Swiss recognized the city's strategic position as a bridgehead on the Rhine (like Schaffhausen, too). On June 9, 1501, a delegation from Basel and the Swiss cantons' representatives signed the alliance contract, which the city council of Basel ratified on July 13, 1501. Schaffhausen had fought alongside the Eidgenossen during the Swabian War, and thus its acceptance into

6840-465: The same reason. The Milanese delegation prevailed in these intrigues and persuaded both sides to moderate their demands. Finally, Maximilian and the Swiss signed the Peace of Basel (1499) on September 22. Maximilian had tried to make the conflict an "imperial war" by declaring a ban over the Confederacy. But the peace treaty carefully downplayed that claim, instead treating the war as what it actually was:

6930-526: The same time period the amount of forested land has increased by 59 ha (150 acres). Rivers and lakes cover 69 ha (170 acres) in the municipality. The train station in the city is located at 502 m (1,647 ft) above sea level. The highest point in the city boundaries is the Hinterer Grauspitz mountain, which is 2,574 m (8,445 ft) high. Maienfeld has a population (as of December 2020 ) of 3,029. As of 2015 , 11.0% of

7020-409: The small force of defenders was finally overcome, and the village was pillaged, the defenders inflicted heavy casualties and the attack was held up long enough for the Swiss to send troops from Schaffhausen to meet the Swabians in the field. Misunderstandings between the Swabian knights and their foot soldiers made the Swabians retreat, and nightfall then prevented a larger battle. A major problem for

7110-441: The southern shore of Lake Constance, just south of Constance. The expedition ended in a shameful defeat and open flight when the Swiss soldiers, who had their main camp just a few miles south at Schwaderloh , arrived and met the Swabians in the Battle of Schwaderloh . The Swabians lost more than 1,000 soldiers; 130 from the city of Constance alone; and the Swiss captured their heavy equipment, including their artillery. Again,

7200-480: The throne, the Swiss suddenly faced a new situation in which they could no longer count on support from the empire. Worse yet, conflicts with the Habsburg dukes threatened to become conflicts with the empire itself. Under Frederick's reign, this did not occur yet. Frederick had sided in 1442 against the confederacy in the Old Zürich War where he had supported the city of Zürich, and he also refused to reconfirm

7290-452: The total area was covered with buildings, an increase of 14 ha (35 acres) over the 1984/85 amount. About 0.22% of the total area is recreational space. Of the agricultural land, 127 ha (310 acres) is used for orchards and vineyards, 604 ha (1,490 acres) is fields and grasslands and 745 ha (1,840 acres) consists of alpine grazing areas. Since 1984/85 the amount of agricultural land has decreased by 72 ha (180 acres). Over

7380-595: The valley and plundered the Benedictine Convent of Saint John at Müstair , but were soon driven back by the forces of the Three Leagues, and an armistice was signed already on February 2 in Glurns (Glorenza), a village in the upper Vinschgau. But the Three Leagues had already called upon the Swiss for help and troops from Uri had already arrived in Chur . Upon learning about the truce, they withdrew, but met

7470-455: The way. On February 20, they again met a Habsburg army, which they defeated in the Battle of Hard on the shores of Lake Constance near the estuary of the Rhine, and at about the same time, other Swiss troops invaded the Hegau region between Schaffhausen and Constance. On both sites, the Swiss retreated after a few days. Meanwhile, the Swabian League had completed its recruitment, and undertook

7560-456: The whole front. By mid-July, Maximilian and the Swabian leaders suddenly were under pressure from their own troops. In the west, where there lay an army under the command of Count Heinrich von Fürstenberg , a large contingent of mercenaries from Flanders and many knights threatened to leave as they had not received their pay. The foot soldiers of the Swabian troops also complained: most of them were peasants and preferred to go home and bring in

7650-436: Was 1.82. The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2016 , was 4.29%. Most of the population (as of 2000 ) speaks German (92.1%), with Portuguese being second most common (1.5%) and Romansh being third (1.4%). As of 2000 , the gender distribution of the population was 50.1% male and 49.9% female. As of 2015 , children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 19.4% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) are 62.0% of

7740-658: Was also a French fiefdom and immediately claimed by Charles VIII. The first phase of this conflict would last until 1489, keeping Maximilian occupied in the Low Countries. He even fell into the hands of his enemies and was held prisor for four months in Bruges in 1488. He was freed only when his father sent an army under the command of Duke Albert of Saxony to his rescue. Maximilian subsequently returned to Germany, leaving his cousin Albert as his representative. Albert would, in

7830-471: Was also fortified in the 13th century. A 4.5 m (15 ft) tall and 1 m (3.3 ft) thick section of wall is still standing today. The town walls enclosed an area of about 120 m × 170 m (390 ft × 560 ft). The walls were thickened and raised to 9.6 m (31 ft) in the 14th century and then, in a third phase, topped with 1.8 m (5.9 ft) thick crenellations and raised to 10.5 m (34 ft). Maienfeld

7920-410: Was degraded to a purely formal one that would lose significance throughout the 16th century. However, the Swiss still considered themselves as members of the empire with the status of imperial immediacy ; the empire was still considered the foundation of all privileges, rights, or political identity as can be witnessed in the continued use of the imperial insignia. The relations between the Habsburgs and

8010-529: Was forced to open its gates to the invading Austrian army. After the Austrians left the area, it was attacked by Three Leagues troops who plundered the town. In 1509, the Three Leagues bought Maienfeld from the von Brandis and put the city under the Protectorate of the Three Leagues. This led to an unusual situation where Maienfeld, as a voting member of the League of the Ten Jurisdictions and therefore

8100-588: Was paid for largely by the French and Italian allies of the Swiss as well as by ransoming prisoners of war. Early mediation attempts in March 1499 had failed because of mutual distrust between the parties. But after the Battle of Dornach, the Swabian League was war-weary and had lost all confidence in the king's abilities as a military leader, and thus refused Maximilian's demands to muster a new army. The Swabian and Habsburg armies had suffered far higher human losses than

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