Kapampangan , Capampáñgan , or Pampangan is an Austronesian language , and one of the eight major languages of the Philippines . It is the primary and predominant language of the entire province of Pampanga and southern Tarlac , on the southern part of Luzon 's central plains geographic region, where the Kapampangan ethnic group resides. Kapampangan is also spoken in northeastern Bataan , as well as in the provinces of Bulacan , Nueva Ecija , and Zambales that border Pampanga. It is further spoken as a second language by a few Aeta groups in the southern part of Central Luzon. The language is known honorifically as Amánung Sísuan ('breastfed, or nurtured, language').
52-571: Lubao , officially the Municipality of Lubao ( Kapampangan : Balen ning Lubao ; Filipino : Bayan ng Lubao ), is a 1st class municipality in the province of Pampanga , Philippines . According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 173,502 people. It is one of the three coastal towns in Pampanga along with Sasmuan and Macabebe and it is also noted for rice , sugar cane , fish , and sampaguita . The town's name derives from
104-420: A certain order after verbs (or particles, such as negation words). The enclitic pronoun is always followed by another pronoun (or discourse marker : Pronouns also combine to form a portmanteau pronoun: Portmanteau pronouns are not usually used in questions and with the word naman : In the following chart, blank entries denote combinations which are deemed impossible. Column headings denote pronouns in
156-463: A demonstrative pronoun and its existential form (for the nearest addressee) are exceptions. The plural of iyan is den/ren ; the plural of niyan is daren ; the plural of kanyan is karen , and the plural of oian is oren . The existential form of ian is ken . Kapampangan verbs are morphologically complex, and take a variety of affixes reflecting focus, aspect and mode. The language has Austronesian alignment , and
208-544: A significant Kapampangan-speaking minority also exists in Cagayan de Oro , Davao City and South Cotabato , specifically in General Santos and the municipalities of Polomolok and Tupi . According to the 2000 Philippine census, 2,312,870 people (out of the total population of 76,332,470) spoke Kapampangan as their native language. As of 2020, the language is ranked to be the eighth leading language spoken at home in
260-489: Is 1,374 in 2020. In legend, Bancal Pugad was once known as "Pinak" being the birthplace of the princess Alitaptap. Bancal Pugad continues to flood due to climate change . In the 2020 census, the population of Lubao, Pampanga, was 173,502 people, with a density of 1,100 inhabitants per square kilometre or 2,800 inhabitants per square mile. As the first Augustinian missionary center in Central and Northern Luzon, majority of
312-481: Is 18 kilometres (11 mi) from San Fernando , 35 kilometres (22 mi) from Angeles , and 84 kilometres (52 mi) from Manila . Lubao is politically subdivided into 44 barangays . Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios . Cluster 1: Cluster 2: Cluster 3: Cluster 4: Cluster 5: Cluster 6: Cluster 7: Bancal Pugad is a barangay of the Lubao, Pampanga , Philippines. The population
364-593: Is a project of Department of Tourism and Congresswoman Gloria Macapagal Arroyo. In the Baybay Ilog, Bye-bye Basura project, officials and volunteers gathered at the Banqueruan Port in San Nicolas 1st, Lubao where the clean-up drive started. After a brief program, the whole contingent coursed the river, checked the preparation of the communities and conducted the river clean-up. The Lubao-Sasmuan River
416-435: Is also a remarkable distinct denomination for giving community services and free livelihood seminar to the town all the year round. Poverty incidence of Lubao Source: Philippine Statistics Authority The Parish of Saint Augustine celebrated its 440th Founding Anniversary on May 5, 2012, with the launching of the 1st Sampaguita Festival; participated by the six parishes of Lubao. Parish of St. Augustine de Hippo bagged
468-557: Is at the back of his Bahay Kubo birthplace. Some meters from these 2 landmarks is the San Nicolas Lubao residence of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo . Lubao Institute or LI is the first and oldest private school in Lubao established in 1929. The Escolastica Romero District Hospital located in San Nicolas 1st, Lubao and St. Joseph Hospital of Remedios located in Barangay Remedios, Lubao are the prime health institutions of
520-765: Is composed of twelve elected councilors, wherein six are elected from each of the two districts Pateros is divided into. There are also two ex officio councilors – the municipal chapter presidents of the Liga ng mga Barangay and the Pederasyon ng Sangguniang Kabataan and some municipalities have a reserved seat for the IP Representative which is pursuant to the Republic Act 8371, or the Indigenous Peoples (IP) Rights Act of 1997, that calls for
572-618: Is divided into three branches: executive, legislative and judiciary. The executive branch is composed of the mayor and the barangay captains. The legislative branch is composed of the Sangguniang Bayan (town assembly), Sangguniang Barangay (barangay council), and the Sangguniang Kabataan for the youth sector. The Lubao Institute is in front of the Diosdado Macapagal Museum and Library which
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#1732776322180624-663: Is preserved in some western dialects. Proto-Philippine *tanəm is tanam ('to plant') in Kapampangan, compared with Tagalog tanim , Cebuano tanom and Ilocano tanem ('grave'). Proto-Philippine *R merged with /j/ . The Kapampangan word for 'new' is bayu ; it is bago in Tagalog, baro in Ilocano, and baru in Indonesian. Kapampangan is a VSO or Verb-Subject-Object language. However,
676-578: Is sent to the municipal mayor for approval. Once approved, it is transmitted to the Sangguniang Panlalawigan of the province to which the municipality belongs, for compliance review. Since Pateros is not part of any province, any ordinance or measure it adopts is not subjected to any Sangguniang Panlalawigan review. On the other hand, when the mayor veto an ordinance, it is sent back to the Sangguniang Bayan to reconsider
728-566: Is the local legislative branch of the municipal governments in the Philippines . It is responsible for passing ordinances and resolutions for the administration of a municipality. Its powers are defined by the Local Government Code , passed by Congress in 1991. The Sangguniang Bayan is a form of the mayor–council government , via the "strong mayor" variant. The municipal vice mayor is the ex officio presiding officer of
780-477: Is what we do'). Ini is always concrete: ining libru ('this book'), ini ing asu nang Juan ('this is Juan's dog'). In their locative forms, keni is used when the person spoken to is not near the subject spoken of; keti is used when the person spoken to is near the subject spoken of. Two people in the same country will refer to their country as keti , but will refer to their respective towns as keni ; both mean 'here'. The plural forms of
832-611: The Spanish colonial period . Diego Bergaño [ pam ] wrote two 18th-century books about the language: Arte de la lengua Pampanga (first published in 1729) and Vocabulario de la lengua Pampanga (first published in 1732). Kapampangan produced two 19th-century literary giants; Anselmo Fajardo [ pam ; tl ] was noted for Gonzalo de Córdova and Comedia Heróica de la Conquista de Granada , and playwright Juan Crisóstomo Soto [ pam ; tl ; nl ] wrote Alang Dios in 1901. "Crissotan"
884-459: The grammatical antecedent , is present. The pronouns ya and la have special forms when they are used in conjunction with the words ati ('there is/are') and ala ('there is/are not'). Both ati yu and ati ya are correct. The plural form ('they are') is atilu and atila . Both ala la and ala lu are correct in the plural form. The singular forms are ala ya and ala yu . Kapampangan pronouns follow
936-486: The Lubao International Balloon and Music Festival was held. For the 4th year in a row, 35 balloons showered the skies of Lubao, Pampanga with their magnificent design and beautiful colors while wonderful music from international artists (Alex Aiono and Redfoo) and local artists (Sponge Cola, Gloc 9, Parokya ni Edgar, Moonstar88, Yeng Constantino and Bamboo) graced the event. The municipal government
988-567: The Over-All Champion trophy. 2nd Sampaguita Festival was held on May 5, 2013, participated by the 10 secondary public schools of Lubao. San Vicente National High School emerged as the Over-All Champion of the festival. The 3rd Sampaguita Festival was celebrated on May 4, 2014, and participated by the 7 clustered barangays of Lubao. Cluster 6 (Cluster Malagu - Barangay Santo Domingo, San Miguel, Concepcion, San Francisco, San Vicente, The 1st ever Philippine International Balloon Festival
1040-667: The Philippines with only 639,687 households still speaking the language. Standard Kapampangan has 21 phonemes : 15 consonants and five vowels ; some western dialects have six vowels. Syllabic structure is relatively simple; each syllable contains at least one consonant and a vowel. Standard Kapampangan has five vowel phonemes: There are four main diphthongs : /aɪ/ , /oɪ/ , /aʊ/ , and /iʊ/ . In most dialects (including standard Kapampangan), /aɪ/ and /aʊ/ are reduced to /ɛ/ and /o/ respectively. Monophthongs have allophones in unstressed and syllable-final positions: In
1092-549: The Provincial government of Pampanga and the second district congressional office of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo. River Clean-up held last June 12, 2011. This event mobilized more than 700 volunteers from Sasmuan and Lubao for ground and boat contingents. With the support of the Local Government Units of Sasmuan and Lubao, Community Volunteers and Social Preparation Group of Pampanga Bayou Development Project, this
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#17327763221801144-532: The Sangguniang Bayan within ten days otherwise the ordinance is considered approved. The Sangguniang Panlalawigans may declare an ordinance or portions of it invalid should it be found to be inconsistent with existing laws, or it goes beyond the authority the Sangguniang Bayan may actually exercise. But if no action is taken by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan within 30 days, it is presumed to be compliant and deemed valid, and thus takes effect within
1196-487: The Sangguniang Bayan, although he has no voting privilege except in cases to break a deadlock . In the absence of the vice mayor, a temporary presiding officer is elected by the Sangguniang Bayan members present at the session. All municipalities in the Philippines, with the exception of Pateros in Metro Manila , have eight regular members or councilors elected at-large. In the case of Pateros, its Sangguniang Bayan
1248-473: The absolutive case, and the row headings denote the ergative case . Kapampangan's demonstrative pronouns differ from other Philippine languages by having separate forms for singular and plural. The demonstrative pronouns ini and iti (and their respective forms) both mean 'this', but each has distinct uses. Iti usually refers to something abstract, but may also refer to concrete nouns: iting musika ('this music'), iti ing gagawan mi ('this
1300-594: The actor of an intransitive verb and the object of a transitive verb. Ergative or genitive markers mark the object (usually indefinite) of an intransitive verb and the actor of a transitive one. It also marks possession. Oblique markers, similar to prepositions in English, mark (for example) location and direction. Noun markers are divided into two classes: names of people (personal) and everything else (common). Examples: Kapampangan pronouns are categorized by case: absolutive, ergative, and oblique. Genitive pronouns follow
1352-462: The chart of Kapampangan consonants, all stops are unaspirated. The velar nasal occurs in all positions, including the beginning of a word. Unlike other languages of the Philippines but similar to Ilocano , Kapampangan uses /h/ only in words of foreign origin. Stress is phonemic in Kapampangan. Primary stress occurs on the last or the next-to-last syllable of a word. Vowel lengthening accompanies primary or secondary stress, except when stress occurs at
1404-403: The end of a word. Stress shift can occur, shifting to the right or left to differentiate between nominal or verbal use (as in the following examples): Stress shift can also occur when one word is derived from another through affixation; again, stress can shift to the right or the left: In Kapampangan, the proto-Philippine schwa vowel *ə merged to /a/ in most dialects of Kapampangan; it
1456-415: The ergative-case ning ; non-subject patients are marked with the accusative-case -ng , which is cliticized onto the preceding word. DIR:direct case morpheme S‹um›ulat ‹ AT ›will.write yang ya =ng 3SG . DIR = ACC poesia poem ing DIR Sangguniang Bayan The Sangguniang Bayan ( lit. ' municipal council ' )
1508-400: The indigenous term lubo which means low or sunken, reflective of the area's muddy and flooded characteristics. Lubao is also known by its Kapampangan language equivalent Baba . Located in the south-western part of Pampanga , Lubao is bounded by the municipalities of Sasmuan on the east, Guagua on the north-east, Floridablanca on the north and Hermosa, Bataan , on the south. Lubao
1560-488: The mandatory representation of IPs and it is formally certified by the concerned NCIP regional director, upon recommendation of the provincial or community service center head and shall serve for a period of three years from the date of assumption to office and can be re-endorsed for another term. Members may not serve for more than three consecutive terms. The Local Government Code provides for an additional three sectoral representatives representing: women, laborers, and any of
1612-460: The member be politically unaffiliated, the Sangguniang Bayan then nominates a qualified individual to fill in the vacant position. Appointees are also limited to serve only the unexpired term. In the case of vacancies among ex officio members the next ranking official of the Liga ng mga Barangay or Pederasyon ng Sangguniang Kabataan assumes the vacancy. An ordinance passed by the Sangguniang Bayan
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1664-419: The municipality against any regular Sangguniang Bayan member should they lose confidence with any of them. A permanent vacancy among the regular Sagguniang Bayan members is filled in by an appointment of the governor of the province the municipality is a part of. However, such authority to appoint is restricted only to the nominee of the political party to which the member who caused the vacancy belongs; should
1716-412: The number of council seats. They are elected for a three-year term and may serve up to three consecutive terms. Elections are held simultaneously with the general elections held every three years since 1992. The term begins at noon of June 30 following election day, and ends at noon of June 30 of the third year. For the ex officio members, the term starts after their election of the municipal chapter of
1768-433: The objections; however the Sangguniang Bayan may override such veto by a two-thirds vote of all its members which renders the measure's approval. With regard to ordinances pertaining to appropriations; or resolutions for payments of money, the adoption of local development plans or public investment programs, or the creation of liabilities, the mayor may just veto particular items in it. Any veto action must be communicated with
1820-533: The organization (Sangguniang Kabataan or Liga ng mga Barangay), and ends on when their term as officer ends; barangay elections have been held irregularly, but are usually held every three years. For the IP representative, the term starts after their election, and ends three years thereafter. Members cannot be elected for three consecutive terms. Similar to other local officials in the Philippines, recall elections may be initiated by at least 25 percent of registered voters in
1872-541: The residents in Lubao are Roman Catholics. Lubao at present has six parishes : There are adherents of Iglesia ni Cristo wherein a chapel in Barangay Baruya was dedicated to God on November 26, 2011, with Pastoral Visitation of the present Executive Minister of the Iglesia ni Cristo Brother Eduardo V. Manalo. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons) has also significant numbers of member in
1924-791: The river cruise project,” Narito said. Kapampangan language Kapampangan is assigned the ISO 639-2 three-letter code pam , but not an ISO 639-1 two-letter code. Kapampangan is one of the Central Luzon languages of the Austronesian language family . Its closest relatives are the Sambalic languages of Zambales province and the Bolinao language spoken in the towns of Bolinao and Anda in Pangasinan . These languages share
1976-406: The said communities. Once again, the river is resuming its role, as a driving factor for the growth of a civilization. The symbolic river clean-up dubbed as “Baybay-Ilog, Bye-bye Basura”, is the first step in preparing the people in 17 identified Barangays that will benefit from the Pampanga bayou river cruise project spearheaded by the local government units of Sasmuan and Lubao in cooperation with
2028-585: The same reflex /j/ of the proto-Malayo-Polynesian *R. Kapampangan mistakenly sounds like a distant Tagalog dialect at first sight to the unfamiliar, but both languages are distantly related, as Tagalog is a Central Philippine language . Kapampangan is derived from the root word pampáng ('riverbank'). The language was historically spoken in the Kingdom of Tondo , ruled by the Lakans . A number of Kapampangan dictionaries and grammar books were written during
2080-813: The same time', Mikakapapagsisiluguranan , 'everyone loves each other', Makapagkapampangan , 'can speak Kapampangan', and Mengapangaibuganan , 'until to fall in love'. Long words frequently occur in normal Kapampangan. Kapampangan nouns are not inflected , but are usually preceded by case markers . There are three types of case markers: absolutive ( nominative ), ergative ( genitive ), and oblique . Unlike English and Spanish (which are nominative–accusative languages ) and Inuit and Basque (which are ergative–absolutive languages ), Kapampangan has Austronesian alignment (in common with most Philippine languages). Austronesian alignment may work with nominative (and absolutive) or ergative (and absolutive) markers and pronouns. Absolutive or nominative markers mark
2132-703: The town's newest tourist attraction – the Pampanga river bayou cruise. Prior to the river cleanup, Christian Narito, project leader of the social preparation phase of the Pampanga Wetlands Development Project, said the identified 17 barangay communities located along the cruise route had earlier been educated about the benefits tourism could bring into the communities. “People within and around the area participated in determining how will they react or be affected by any major development planned within their area of residence. We helped them identify their strengths and how they could contribute to
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2184-768: The town, last August 17, 2012, they celebrated their 25th Year anniversary of the Opening of the Missionary work in the said town with Cong. Juan Miguel Macapagal Arroyo as the special guest. The chapel is located at Santa Cruz, Lubao, Pampanga with 600 Members. Other religion includes Protestantism and Nondenominational Christianity . Among the Protestant churches in Lubao are the United Methodist Church , C&MA , Pentecostal , and Baptist . The Seventh-day Adventist Church that has 1,100 members
2236-628: The town. The parish church of San Agustin (considered one of the oldest in Pampanga - 1572) celebrated its 440th Founding Anniversary last May 5, 2012, with the launching of the 1st Sampaguita Festival; participated by the six parishes of Lubao. And the reception of the relics of St. Augustine & St. Monica. The church was declared by the National Historical Commission as Important Cultural Property last August 28, 2013 (441st Founding Anniversary). Baybay Ilog (Sagip Ilog)
2288-402: The urban poor, indigenous cultural communities, disabled persons or another sector that may be identified by the Sangguniang Bayan; however, this provision still has to be implemented. Elected or regular members of the Sangguniang Bayan must at least be 18 years old on election day; multi-member plurality voting is used to elect these members, in which voters may vote for as many candidates as
2340-401: The verbs change according to triggers in the sentence (better known as voices). Kapampangan has five voices: agent, patient, goal, locative, and cirumstantial. The circumstantial voice prefix is used for instrument and benefactee subjects. The direct case morphemes in Kapampangan are ing (which marks singular subjects) and reng , for plural subjects. Non-subject agents are marked with
2392-811: The word order can be very flexible and change to VOS ( Verb-Object-Subject ) and SVO ( Subject-Verb-Object ). Just like other Austronesian languages, Kapampangan is also an agglutinative language where new words are formed by adding affixes onto a root word (affixation) and the repetition of words, or portions of words (reduplication), (for example: anak ('child') to ának-ának ('children')). Root words are frequently derived from other words by means of prefixes, infixes, suffixes and circumfixes. (For example: kan ('food') to kanan ('to eat') to ' kakanan ('eating') to kakananan ('being eaten')). Kapampangan can form long words through extensive use of affixes, for example: Mikakapapagbabalabalangingiananangananan , 'a group of people having their noses bleed at
2444-401: The word they modify. Oblique pronouns can replace the genitive pronoun, but precede the word they modify. The dual pronoun ikata and the inclusive pronoun ikatamu refer to the first and second person. The exclusive pronoun ikamí refers to the first and third persons. Kapampangan differs from many Philippine languages in requiring the pronoun even if the noun it represents, or
2496-590: Was held on April 10–13, 2014 in Barangay Prado Siongco, Lubao, Pampanga. It was organized by Pilipinas International Balloon Festival, Inc. (PIBF) in cooperation with the Arts, Culture and Tourism Office of Pampanga (ACTO) with the theme "It's More Than Just Hot Air" The 2nd Lubao International Balloon Festival was held on March 26 to 29, 2015 in Pradera Verde, Prado Siongco, Lubao, Pampanga. It
2548-404: Was one of the ecosystems heavily affected when Mount Pinatubo erupted 20 years ago. With this project coinciding with the anniversary of the said volcanic eruption and our country's independence day celebration, the people from Lubao and Sasmuan are looking at it as a liberation from the dreaded effects of the said natural disaster which, through tourism, will pave the way for the rise to progress of
2600-559: Was organized by Forthinker Inc. Philippines. It was touted as the biggest annual hot air balloon festival in Southeast Asia that featured more than forty (40) colorful hot air balloons from different countries all over the world, fourteen (14) of which are special shaped balloons like Darth Vader, Yoda, Humpty Dumpty and Frog. The 3rd edition of Lubao International Balloon Festival was held on April 14–17, 2016 in Pradera Verde, Prado Siongco, Lubao, Pampanga. From April 6 to 9, 2017,
2652-461: Was really an astounding success. There were 700 volunteers from 13 coastal barangays boarded participating boats at the Banqueruan banca port at the town of San Nicolas, Lubao to participate in the symbolic river cleanup shortly after the sun rose on an otherwise lazy Sunday morning. Armed with cleaning tools, the residents carefully rid the river of wastes in preparation for the formal launch of
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#17327763221802704-705: Was written by Amado Yuzon , Soto's 1950s contemporary and Nobel Prize nominee for peace and literature, to immortalize his contribution to Kapampangan literature. Kapampangan is predominantly spoken in the province of Pampanga and southern Tarlac ( Bamban , Capas , Concepcion , San Jose , Gerona , La Paz , Victoria and Tarlac City ). It is also spoken in border communities of the provinces of Bataan ( Dinalupihan , Hermosa and Orani ), Bulacan ( Baliuag , San Miguel , San Ildefonso , Hagonoy , Plaridel , Pulilan and Calumpit ), Nueva Ecija ( Cabiao , San Antonio , San Isidro , Gapan and Cabanatuan ) and Zambales ( Olongapo City and Subic ). In Mindanao,
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