77-687: Not to be confused with Luhansk . Luhanske may refer to the following places in Ukraine: Luhanske, Crimea , a village in Dzhankoi Raion, Crimea Luhanske, Bakhmut Raion, Donetsk Oblast , an urban-type settlement in Bakhmut Raion, Donetsk Oblast Luhanske, Kalmiuske Raion, Donetsk Oblast , a village in Kalmiuske Raion, Donetsk Oblast Luhanske, Zaporizhzhia Oblast ,
154-717: A CIS member at that time, Georgia was not, however, included in the initial negotiations in January 1992. Additionally, some low-importance bases situated in the Russian-backed breakaway autonomy of Abkhazia soon escaped any Georgian control. In 1996, Georgia resumed its demands, and the Russian refusal to allot Georgia a portion of the ex-Soviet navy became another bone of contention in the progressively deteriorating Georgian-Russian relations . This time, Ukraine endorsed Tbilisi 's claims, turning over several patrol boats to
231-738: A number of encounters between the Russian and Ottoman navies in the Black Sea. The Ottomans initially had the advantage due to having under their command the German battlecruiser SMS Goeben , but after the two modern Russian dreadnoughts Imperatritsa Mariya and Imperatritsa Ekaterina Velikaya had been built in Nikolaev , the Russians took command of the sea until the Russian government collapsed in November 1917. German submarines of
308-574: A Ukraine spokesperson said that they have disabled or damaged one third of the fleet during the war. In June, Ukraine said was now highly likely that they had destroyed all of the Black Sea Fleet's missile carrier capability based in Crimea. On 2 August, another missile attack sank a Russian submarine that was under repair. The Black Sea Fleet is considered to have been founded by Prince Potemkin on 13 May 1783, together with its principal base,
385-671: A command-staff exercise in June 2010 after a seven-year interval. In May 2011, Russia and Ukraine resumed their joint "Peace Fairway" (Farvater Mira) naval exercises. The newly independent nation of Georgia , which also hosted several bases of the Soviet Black Sea Fleet when it was the Georgian SSR , also claimed a share of the Fleet, including 32 naval vessels formerly stationed at Georgia's Black Sea port of Poti . Not
462-866: A decree declaring the annexation of four regions of Ukraine (Luhansk, Donetsk, Kherson, and Zaporizhiya Oblasts) to Russia . The annexation was illegal under international law and was condemned by the General Assembly of the United Nations . Some of the more prestigious universities in Ukraine have their home in Luhansk. Luhansk is the location of the main campus of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Luhansk , East Ukrainian Volodymyr Dahl National University and of Luhansk State Medical University . In
539-605: A diesel-electric submarine. Also in 2010, Russian Navy Headquarters sources projected that, by 2020, six frigates of the Project 22350 Admiral Gorshkov class , six submarines of Project 677 Lada class , two large landing ships of Project 11711 Ivan Gren class and four class-unspecified ships would be delivered. Due to the obsolescence of the Beriev Be-12 by 2015, they were planned to be replaced with Il-38s . Sukhoi Su-24 M aircraft were planned to be upgraded to Su-24M2 at
616-653: A reported skirmish and sinking of a ship of the Georgian Navy . Since the 2008 South Ossetia war the Russian Black Sea Fleet has not taken part in any joint naval exercises involving Georgian warships. However, such a statement has little meaning since the Georgian Navy has ceased to exist (early 2009 it was merged with the Georgian coast guard). The 2014 political crisis in Ukraine rapidly engulfed Crimea where pro-Russian separatist sentiment
693-720: A village in Polohy Raion, Zaporizhzhia Oblast [REDACTED] Index of articles associated with the same name This set index article includes a list of related items that share the same name (or similar names). If an internal link incorrectly led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luhanske&oldid=1169336669 " Category : Set index articles on populated places in Ukraine Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description
770-403: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Luhansk Luhansk ( UK : / l uː ˈ h æ n s k / , US : /- ˈ h ɑː n -/ ; Ukrainian : Луганськ , IPA: [lʊˈɦɑnʲsʲk] ), also known as Lugansk ( UK : /- ˈ ɡ æ n -/ , US : /- ˈ ɡ ɑː n -/ ; Russian : Луганск , IPA: [lʊˈɡansk] ), is a city in
847-526: The 1972 Soviet Top League . The other football team was Dynamo Luhansk . On 7 September 2006, archaeologists in Ukraine announced that an ancient structure had been discovered near Luhansk, which the press reported as a pyramid antedating those in Egypt by at least 300 years. The stone foundations of the structure were said to resemble Aztec and Mayan pyramids in Mesoamerica . It was later concluded that
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#1732775290665924-590: The Battle of Navarino in 1827 and helping to secure Greek independence (though once again, the Russian fleet was compelled to deploy from the Baltic). Turkish closure of the Dardanelles Straits then sparked a renewed Russo-Turkish conflict from 1828 to 1829 which led to the Russians gaining further territory along the eastern Black Sea. The restriction imposed on the Black Sea Fleet by Turkish control of
1001-411: The Battle of Poti . Presidents Leonid Kuchma of Ukraine and Boris Yeltsin of Russia negotiated terms for dividing the fleet, and to ease the tensions, on 10 June 1995 the two governments signed an interim treaty, establishing a joint Russo-Ukrainian Black Sea Fleet under bilateral command (and Soviet Navy flag) until a full-scale partition agreement could be reached. Formally, the Fleet's Commander
1078-699: The Constantinople Flotilla and Turkish light forces would continue to raid and harass Russian shipping until the war's end. In 1918, some elements of the fleet were interned by the Central Powers as a result of their advance into South Russia. In the April Crimea operation , the goal of both Ukrainians and Germans was to get control over the Black Sea Fleet, anchored in Sevastopol . Former Chief of Staff Mikhail Sablin raised
1155-572: The Donbas in eastern Ukraine . As of 2022, the population was estimated to be 397,677 (2022 estimate), making Luhansk the 12th-largest city in Ukraine . Luhansk served as the administrative center of Luhansk Oblast , before pro-Russian separatists seized control of the city in 2014 and made it the capital of the self-proclaimed Luhansk People's Republic . The Ukrainian administration was located in Sievierodonetsk from 2014 to 2022 during
1232-463: The Georgian Navy and starting to train Georgian crews, but was unable to include in the final fleet deal a transfer of the formerly Poti-based vessels to Georgia. Later, the rest of the Georgian share was decided to be ceded to Russia in return for diminution of debt. Russia employed part of the fleet during the 2008 Georgian conflict . Russian units operating off Abkhazia region resulted in
1309-584: The Holodomor , a manmade famine across Soviet Ukraine . The Russian proportion of the population shrank to 34.5%. Voroshilovgrad became a frontline city in World War II after the failure of Nazi Germany 's Operation Barbarossa to capture major Soviet cities. In March 1942, a grand concert featuring the work of Taras Shevchenko was held in the city to inspire Ukrainians to fight off the invading Nazis. In July 1942, Germany concentrated its forces in
1386-563: The Ilovaisk counteroffensive , LPR forces regained Lutuhyne and other Luhansk suburbs. Ukrainian forces withdrew from the Luhansk International Airport on 1 September 2014, after heavy fighting. Human Rights Watch reported high civilian casualties in and around the city, recording over 300 civilian deaths caused by explosive weapons between May and September 2014. The temporary administration of Luhansk Oblast
1463-855: The Mediterranean Sea . The Black Sea Fleet, along with other Russian ground and air forces on the Crimean Peninsula , are subordinate to the Southern Military District of the Russian Armed Forces . The fleet traces its history to its founding by Prince Potemkin on 13 May 1783 as part of the Imperial Russian Navy . The Russian SFSR inherited the fleet in 1918; with the founding of the Soviet Union in 1922, it became part of
1540-776: The Siege of Corfu . The victory led to the establishment of the Septinsular Republic with the island of Corfu then serving as a base for Russian naval units in the Mediterranean operating against the French. Turkey, encouraged by the French, went to war with Russia in the Russo-Turkish War of 1806–1812 . The Russian fleet (deploying from the Baltic , but joining some vessels of the Black Sea Fleet already in
1617-696: The Soviet Navy . Following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Black Sea Fleet was partitioned between the Russian Federation and Ukraine in 1997, with Russia receiving title to 82% of the vessels. The Black Sea Fleet has its official primary headquarters and facilities at the Sevastopol Naval Base , Crimea, which Russia annexed from Ukraine in 2014. The rest of the fleet's facilities are based in locations on
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#17327752906651694-461: The Soviet Union on the territory of the former Russian Empire, and began restoring the city. The city grew rapidly during the interwar period . On 5 November 1935, the city was renamed Voroshilovgrad ( Russian : Ворошиловград , romanized : Voroshilovgrad ; Ukrainian : Ворошиловград , romanized : Voroshylovhrad ) in honour of Soviet military commander and politician Kliment Voroshilov . In 1938, Voroshilovgrad Oblast
1771-594: The Straits was influential in motivating Russia from time-to-time to attempt to secure control of the passage, which became a recurrent theme in Russian policy. From 1841 onward, the Russian fleet was formally confined to the Black Sea by the London Straits Convention . Within the Black Sea itself, the Turks found themselves at a naval disadvantage in relation to the Russian Black Sea Fleet. In 1853,
1848-635: The Ukrainian Census of 2001 , 49.6% of the inhabitants declared themselves as ethnically Ukrainians and 47% as Russians. 85.3% of the population spoke Russian as their native language, while 13.7% spoke Ukrainian , 0.2% Armenian and 0.1% Belarusian . Luhansk is home to Zorya Luhansk which now plays in the Ukrainian Premier League annual football championship and plays at the Avanhard Stadium . The club won
1925-489: The intervening Western allies to occupy Odessa, Sevastopol and other centres with relative ease. Most of the ships of the Black Sea Fleet became part of the "Russian Squadron" of Wrangel's armed forces. Following the defeat of anti-Bolshevik forces and the evacuation of Crimea by White forces, the fleet itself sailed to Tunisia . Out of those ships, some passed to the French Navy while others were sold as scrap. With
2002-736: The war in Donbas , due to Ukraine not being in control of Luhansk. Sievierodonetsk was captured by Russia in 2022 and Luhansk Oblast was later annexed by Russia in late 2022. The city traces its history to 1797 when the British industrialist Charles Gascoigne , commissioned by the Imperial Russian government in 1795, founded an ammunition and cannon factory for the Black Sea Fleet . Gascoigne had emigrated to Saint Petersburg years earlier, and founded factories and mines across
2079-895: The Allies, who later gave the ships to Wrangel's fleet of the Whites . In 1919, following the collapse of the Central Powers' occupation in Western Russia, the Red Fleet of Ukraine was established out of certain remnants of the Russian Imperial Fleet. However, subsequently these elements were either scuttled or captured by the Western Allies . During the ensuing Russian Civil War , the chaotic political and strategic situation in southern Russia permitted
2156-466: The Black Sea Fleet destroyed Turkish naval forces at the Battle of Sinop after the Turks had declared war on Russia. Nevertheless, during the ensuing Crimean War , the Russians were placed on the defensive and the allies were able to land their forces in Crimea and, ultimately, capture Sevastopol . As a result of the Crimean War, one provision of the 1856 Treaty of Paris was that the Black Sea
2233-569: The Black Sea Fleet included: In 1989, the 126th Motor Rifle Division at Simferopol was transferred to the Black Sea Fleet from the Odesa Military District . Also that year, the 119th Fighter Aviation Division , with the 86th Guards , 161st, and 841st Guards Fighter Aviation Regiments, joined the Fleet from the 5th Air Army . The 86th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment became part of the Moldovan Air Force upon
2310-430: The Black Sea Fleet itself assisted in re-establishing Russian military dominance in the region. Specifically Peterson argued in 2019: "Russian maritime dominance in the Black Sea is back. The shift was made possible by Moscow's 2014 seizure of Crimea and subsequent buildup of combat and maritime law enforcement capabilities in the region". Prior to the annexation of Crimea, divergent announcements had been made concerning
2387-539: The Black Sea Fleet played a supporting role including with respect to preventing the departure of Ukrainian naval vessels from Crimea. Other sources suggested that the 810th Naval Infantry Brigade of the Fleet was also involved. After the annexation of Crimea, the Ukrainian Armed Forces and the Ukrainian Navy were evicted from their bases and subsequently withdrew from the peninsula. During
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2464-612: The Black Sea and the Sea of Azov, including Krasnodar Krai , Rostov Oblast and Crimea. The ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War led to major operations and losses due to Ukrainian missiles and umanned surface vehicles including the flagship Moskva and several landing vessels. Additionally, there was a 2023 Ukrainian missile strike against the Black Sea Fleet HQ in Sevastopol itself; After another attack on 24 March 2024,
2541-795: The Black Sea. The Soviets, in turn, had some of their naval options in the Mediterranean restricted by the Montreux Convention limitations. In the later post-war period, along with the Northern Fleet , the Black Sea Fleet provided ships for the 5th Operational Squadron in the Mediterranean, which confronted the United States Navy during the Arab-Israeli wars, notably during the Yom Kippur War in 1973. In 1988 Coastal Troops and Naval Aviation units of
2618-620: The FSB working at the Black Sea Fleet facilities were to remain on Ukrainian territory "in line with bilateral agreements". In 2010, based on an agreement between the Ukrainian and Russian governments, military counterintelligence officers from the Federal Security Service returned to the Black Sea Fleet base. Despite these differences, joint exercises between the Ukrainian Navy and the Black Sea Fleet of Russia resumed with
2695-697: The Fleet fell under formal jurisdiction of the newly independent Ukraine as they were situated on Ukrainian territory. Later, the Ukrainian government ordered the establishment of its own Ukrainian Navy based on the Black Sea Fleet; several ships and ground formations declared themselves Ukrainian. However, this immediately led to conflicts with the majority of officers who appeared to be loyal to Russia. According to pro-Ukrainian sailors they were declared "drunkards and villains" and they and their families were harassed. They have also claimed that their names were branded "traitors to Russia" on local graffiti. Simultaneously, pro-Russian separatist groups became active in
2772-646: The Mediterranean prior to the outbreak of war) under the command of Admiral Dmitry Senyavin played an instrumental role in this conflict securing victories at both the Battle of the Dardanelles (1807) and the Battle of Athos . After the conclusion of the Napoleonic Wars , the Russians, together with the British and French, intervened in the Greek War of Independence defeating the Turkish fleet at
2849-417: The Navy's defeat in the Russo-Japanese War . The revolt acquired a symbolic character in the lead up to the Russian Revolutions of 1917 and after, as portrayed in the 1925 film by Sergei Eisenstein, Battleship Potemkin . Lenin wrote that the Potemkin uprising had had a huge importance in terms of being the first attempt at creating the nucleus of a revolutionary army. During World War I , there were
2926-416: The Russian Empire during his time there. There is a prominent bust of him in Luhansk commemorating his role in the city's founding. The factory was built in the Donets Basin (or Donbas) at the confluence of the Luhan and Vilkhivka [ uk ] rivers. The Russian craftsmen settled upstream, at the settlement of Kamianyi Brid. The name "Luhansk" comes from the Luhan River, which flows through
3003-426: The Russian Empire. Luhansk was economically devastated by the Russian Civil War . In April 1918, Luhansk was occupied by the Central Powers during their invasion of Ukraine . Then, it was taken by Anton Denikin 's anti-communist Volunteer Army in May 1919, before changing hands several times. It was finally taken by the Red Army in January 1920. After the end of the war, the victorious Bolsheviks created
3080-402: The Russian Federation, though this position is not one supported by the vast majority of the international community. The Russian seizure of Crimea in 2014 changed the situation and role of the Black Sea Fleet significantly. Analysis undertaken by Micheal Peterson of the US Naval War College suggested that since the Russian seizure of Crimea, the modernization of Russian shore-based assets and of
3157-535: The Russian language gaining status of an official language alongside Ukrainian , and for the Russian language to be an official language on a regional level. The previous demographic trends reversed in independent Ukraine; by 2001, Ukrainians - who increasingly spoke Russian - were 50% of the population and Russians made up 47%. The population as a whole began to decline as the economy stagnated, dropping from 505,000 in 1992 to 424,000 in 2014. In April 2014, Russia -backed separatists seized governmental buildings in
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3234-615: The Russian leasehold until 2042 and an option for an additional five years until 2047 plus consideration of further renewals. This deal proved controversial in Ukraine. It appeared to violate the constitutional ban on basing foreign military forces, and would eventually lead to high treason charges. In this regard, relations between Russia and Ukraine over the status of the Fleet continued to be strained. In an August 2009 letter to Russian President Medvedev , Ukrainian President Yushchenko complained about alleged "infringements of bilateral agreements and Ukrainian legislation" In June 2009,
3311-402: The Turks from landing a force in Crimea; while Ushakov's victory at Tendra allowed the Russians to begin the siege of Izmail , a potent Ottoman stronghold by the Black Sea, which was twice besieged without effect. During the French Revolutionary Wars , the Black Sea Fleet was initially deployed under the command of Admiral Ushakov, in conjunction with the Turks, against French forces during
3388-474: The area and forced the Soviets to retreat to the Volga and the North Caucasus. On 14 July 1942, German troops captured Voroshilovgrad. Locals waged partisan warfare against the occupation. The city was eventually liberated by the Red Army on 14 February 1943. In the postwar period, the city was rebuilt. The population recovered and grew, again alongside demographic change. More Russians were brought in to rebuild and help with industrialization , again reducing
3465-423: The breakup of the Soviet Union. The 841st at Meria airport (between Poti and Batumi in the Adjar ASSR ) ( Georgian SSR ) became the 841st independent Guards Anti-Submarine Helicopter Regiment in May 1991 and was disbanded in October 1992. The 43rd Aviation Sevastopol Red Banner Order of Kutuzov Regiment of Fighter-Bombers, after being included in the Air Force of the Red Banner Black Sea Fleet on 1 December 1990,
3542-414: The city of Sevastopol . Formerly commanded by admirals such as Dmitry Senyavin and Pavel Nakhimov , it is a fleet of great historical and political importance for Russia. During the Russo-Turkish War of 1787–1792 Russian control over Crimea was confirmed and Russian naval forces under the command of Admiral Fyodor Ushakov defeated the Turkish fleet at the Battle of Kerch Strait in 1790, preventing
3619-418: The city. On 17 August, Ukrainian soldiers entered the rebel-controlled Luhansk and for a time had control over a police station. A statement released on 22 August by Lithuanian foreign minister Linas Antanas Linkevičius said that the Lithuanian honorary consul in Luhansk, Mykola Zelenec, was abducted by the pro-Russian separatists and murdered. Linkevičius defined the abductors as 'terrorists'. After
3696-411: The city. According to folk etymology , the name is also derived to the word "Luh" (Ukrainian: Луг), which means "meadow", referring to the floodplains around the river. The factory was greatly expanded during the Napoleonic Wars , and again during the Crimean War . By 1880, the factory was a large industrial node, linked by rail to other major cities and to the Azov Sea . In 1882, the Luhansk Factory
3773-415: The colours of the Ukrainian National Republic on 29 April 1918, and moved a portion of the Ukrainian fleet (two battleships and fourteen destroyers) to Novorossiysk in order to save it from capture by the Germans. He was ordered to scuttle his ships by Lenin but refused to do so. Most ships returned to Sevastopol, where they first came under German control. In November 1918 they came under control of
3850-464: The conflict in the Donbas. According to the fleet commander Aleksandr Vitko , this happened because the vessels were old "and, if used [by Ukraine], could hurt its own people". Crimea was then formally annexed into Russia through a referendum, but this was declared invalid by United Nations General Assembly Resolution 68/262 . From that point, Russia proceeded to consolidate its military position in Crimea, which it now regards as an integral part of
3927-443: The defeat of the anti-Bolshevik Armed Forces of South Russia , the Soviet government took control of all naval elements. The few ships that remained in the Black Sea were scrapped in the 1920s and a large scale new construction programme began in the 1930s. Over 500 new ships were built during that period and a massive expansion of coastal infrastructure took place. The Black Sea Fleet was commanded by Vice Admiral F.S. Oktyabrskiy on
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#17327752906654004-435: The fleet including the Partition Treaty , establishing two independent national fleets and dividing armaments and bases between them. Ukraine agreed to lease major parts of its facilities to the Russian Black Sea Fleet until 2017. However, permanent tensions on the lease details continued. The Fleet's main base was still situated in the Crimean port city of Sevastopol. In 2009 the Yushchenko Ukrainian government declared that
4081-427: The following night. Three days later the website of the separatists stated that Plotnitsky had resigned "for health reasons. Multiple war wounds, the effects of blast injuries, took their toll." The website stated that security minister Leonid Pasechnik had been named acting leader "until the next elections." On September 30, 2022, during the Russian invasion of Ukraine , Russian President Vladimir Putin signed
4158-449: The future composition of the fleet. In June 2010, Russian Navy Commander-in-Chief Admiral Vladimir Vysotsky announced that Russia was reviewing plans for the naval modernization of the Black Sea Fleet. The plans include 15 new warships and submarines by 2020. These vessels were to partially replace the reported decommissioning of Kerch, Ochakov (decommissioned in 2011 and sunk as a blockship in 2014), several large support ships, and
4235-424: The head of the Security Service of Ukraine said that after 13 December 2009, all officers from the Russian Federal Security Service (FSB) represented at the Black Sea Fleet would be required to leave Ukraine. From then, the Security Service of Ukraine would ensure the security of the Black Sea Fleet, including Russian sailors on Ukrainian territory. However, according to the Russian Foreign Ministry , employees of
4312-402: The late Soviet period; by 1989, Ukrainians made up 41.8% of the population and Russians had a majority of 52.4%. On 4 May 1990, a decree of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR gave the city back its original name. Ukraine gained its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. In 1994, a consultative referendum took place in Donetsk Oblast and Luhansk Oblast , with around 90% supporting
4389-550: The lease would not be extended and that the fleet would have to leave Sevastopol by 2017. Due to the lack of fleet facilities in Russia, the former naval area at the Port of Novorossiysk was revived in September 1994, and officially reorganised as Novorossiysk Naval Base in 1997. The Russian Federation planned to house the headquarters and the bulk of the fleet there, and undertook a major upgrade of Novorossiysk military facilities starting in 2005 and finishing in 2022. In April 2010 President Yanukovych renegotiated and extended
4466-427: The local politics of Ukraine's Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol where the major naval bases were situated, and started coordinating their efforts with pro-Moscow seamen. During this time the Georgian Civil War broke out. Fighting erupted between two separatist minorities of South Ossetia and Abkhazia supported by Russia on one side and the Georgian government led by Zviad Gamsakhurdia on
4543-532: The occupation, Russian forces seized 54 out of 67 ships of the Ukrainian Navy. According to sources from Black Sea Fleet Headquarters, inspections of all ships were to be done by the end of 2014. On 8 April 2014 an agreement was reached between Russia and Ukraine to return Ukrainian Navy materials to Ukraine proper. The greater portion of the Ukrainian naval ships and vessels were then returned to Ukraine but Russia suspended this process after Ukraine did not renew its unilaterally declared ceasefire on 1 July 2014 in
4620-412: The other. However, he was ousted during the so-called Tbilisi War in 1991. The new government continued the fighting against the break-away republics, but at the same time asked Russia's president Boris Yeltsin for support against the 'Zviadists' who were trying to regain power. This led to the Black Sea Fleet landing in Georgia (despite the unsettled dispute over ownership of the fleet), and resulted in
4697-586: The outbreak of war with Germany in June 1941. During World War II despite the scale of the German/Axis advance in southern Russia, and the capture of Crimea by Axis forces in mid-1942, the Fleet, though badly mauled, gave a creditable account of itself as it fought alongside the Red Army during the Siege of Odessa and the Battle of Sevastopol . Soviet hospital ship Armenia was sunk on 7 November 1941 by German aircraft while evacuating civilians and wounded soldiers from Crimea . It has been estimated that approximately 5,000 to 7,000 people were killed during
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#17327752906654774-440: The region, proclaiming the Luhansk People's Republic (LPR), with its capital in Luhansk. An independence referendum , unconstitutional under Ukrainian law, was held on 11 May 2014. This referendum was not recognized as legitimate by any government. These events escalated into the War in Donbas . In August 2014, Ukrainian government forces completely surrounded rebel-held Luhansk. Heavy shelling caused civilian casualties in
4851-400: The same time. Since the annexation of Crimea, the composition of the Black Sea Fleet shifted focus to the Improved Kilo-class submarines instead of the Lada, the Admiral Grigorovich -class frigates and at least three new classes of missile corvettes (the Steregushchiy , Karakurt and Buyan-M classes). The deployment of the Admiral Gorshkov -class frigate with the Black Sea Fleet
4928-465: The share of Ukrainians to a minority of 48.3% by 1959 and raising the share of Russians to 47.1%. On 5 March 1958, after Khrushchev's call to not name cities after living people, the old name of Luhansk was reinstated. Kliment Voroshilov himself opposed the restoration of the old name in 1958. In January 1970, after the death of Kliment Voroshilov on 2 December 1969, the city's name was changed again to Voroshilovgrad. Demographic shifts continued during
5005-415: The sinking, making it one of the deadliest maritime disasters in history. There were only 8 survivors. With the end of World War II, the Soviet Union effectively dominated the Black Sea region. The Soviet Union controlled the entire north and east of the Black Sea while pro-Soviet regimes were installed in Romania and Bulgaria. As members of the Warsaw Pact , the Romanian and Bulgarian navies supplemented
5082-417: The site in question was not a pyramid but was still of great interest. Luhansk has a hot summer humid continental climate ( Köppen Dfa ). Luhansk has both the highest and lowest temperature recorded in Ukraine. A record high of 42.0 °C (107.6 °F) was recorded on 12 August 2010 , which is the highest temperature to have ever been recorded in Ukraine. A record low of −41.9 °C (−43.4 °F)
5159-481: The strength of the Soviet Black Sea Fleet. Only Turkey remained outside the Soviet Black Sea security regime and the Soviets initially pressed for joint control of the Bosporus Straits with Turkey; a position which Turkey rejected. In 1952, Turkey decided to join NATO , placing the Bosporus Straits in the Western sphere of influence . Nevertheless, the terms of the Montreux Convention limited NATO's options with respect to directly reinforcing Turkey's position in
5236-414: Was disestablished. Moscow mayor Yuriy Luzhkov campaigned to annex the city of Sevastopol, which housed the fleet's headquarters and main naval base , and in December the Russian Federation Council officially endorsed the claim. Spurred by these territorial claims, Ukraine proposed a "special partnership" with NATO in January 1997. On 28 May 1997, Russia and Ukraine signed several agreements regarding
5313-408: Was established, with the city as its center. The economic recovery and development of the city was also accompanied by significant demographic change. The population grew from 72,000 to 212,000 between 1926 and 1939, and there was an influx of Ukrainians from the countryside into the city. The proportion of Ukrainians grew from 19.1% to 58.7% between 1897 and 1939, many of whom were refugees fleeing
5390-424: Was merged with Kamianyi Brid into a new settlement named Luhansk, which received city status. In 1897, Luhansk had a population of 20,400, 68.2% of whom were Russians . In summer 1896, German industrialist Gustav Hartmann [ de ] founded a locomotive -building company in Luhansk, which is now Luhanskteplovoz . It became operational in 1900, and soon produced a large proportion of all locomotives in
5467-489: Was moved to Sievierodonetsk by the government of Ukraine. On 21 November 2017, armed men in unmarked uniforms took up positions in the center of Luhansk in what appeared to be a power struggle between the head of the republic Igor Plotnitsky and the (sacked by Plotnitsky) LPR appointed interior minister Igor Kornet . Media reports stated that the Donetsk People's Republic , a parallel Russian-backed entity in neighboring Donetsk Oblast , had sent armed troops to Luhansk
5544-583: Was recorded on 8 January 1935. Luhansk is twinned with: During 2014 and 2015, Luhansk has been the scene of intense fighting and most of these buildings are damaged to some extent. Some may be destroyed. Black Sea Fleet The Black Sea Fleet ( Russian : Черноморский флот , romanized : Chernomorskiy flot ) is the fleet of the Russian Navy in the Black Sea , the Sea of Azov and
5621-507: Was renamed the 43rd Separate Naval Assault Aviation Sevastopol Red Banner Order of Kutuzov Regiment. With the fall of the Soviet Union and the demise of the Warsaw Pact, the military importance of the fleet was degraded and it suffered significant funding cuts and the loss of its major missions. In the early 1990s the fleet had 645 ships and 72,000 personnel. In 1992, the major part of the personnel, armaments and coastal facilities of
5698-668: Was still anticipated, though in reduced numbers. The replacement of the Black Sea Fleet's Soviet-era missile boats and corvettes with vessels of more modern design had been a priority since 2010. A similar modernization is also taking place in the Baltic Fleet and the Caspian Flotilla . Utilizing Russia's internal waterways provides the Russian Navy with the capacity to transfer both corvettes and other light units, such as landing craft, among its three western fleets and
5775-581: Was strong. When the Russian Government determined to seize Crimea, specialist Russian military units appear to have played the central role. In March, the Ukrainians claimed that units of the 18th Motor Rifle Brigade , 31st Air Assault Brigade and 22nd Spetsnaz Brigade were deployed and operating in Crimea, instead of Black Sea Fleet personnel, which violated international agreements signed by Ukraine and Russia. Nevertheless, at minimum
5852-563: Was to be a demilitarized zone similar to the Island of Åland in the Baltic Sea. This hampered the Russians during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 and in the aftermath of that conflict, Russia moved to reconstitute its naval strength and fortifications in the Black Sea. The Black Sea Fleet would play an instrumental political role in the 1905 Russian Revolution with the crew of the battleship Potemkin revolting in 1905 soon after
5929-413: Was to be appointed by a joint order of the two countries' presidents. However, Russia still dominated the Fleet unofficially, and a Russian admiral was appointed as Commander; the majority of the fleet personnel adopted Russian citizenship. Minor tensions between the Fleet and the new Ukrainian Navy (such as electricity cut-offs and sailors' street-fighting) continued. In 1996 the 126th Motor Rifle Division
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