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79-784: M40 or M-40 may refer to: Transportation [ edit ] M40 motorway , a motorway in England M-40 (Michigan highway) , a state highway in Michigan, US M40 (Cape Town) , a Metropolitan Route in Cape Town, South Africa M40 (Johannesburg) , a Metropolitan Route in Johannesburg, South Africa M40 (Pietermaritzburg) , a Metropolitan Route in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa Autopista de Circunvalación M-40 ,

158-735: A four-leaf clover . A cloverleaf is the minimum interchange required for a four-legged system interchange. Although they were commonplace until the 1970s, most highway departments and ministries have sought to rebuild them into more efficient and safer designs. The cloverleaf interchange was invented by Maryland engineer Arthur Hale, who filed a patent for its design on May   24, 1915. The first one in North America opened on December   15, 1929, in Woodbridge, New Jersey, connecting New Jersey Route   25 and Route   4 (now U.S. Route   1/9 and New Jersey Route   35). It

237-407: A teardrop shape, with the points facing towards the center of the interchange. Longer ramps are often required due to line-of-sight requirements at roundabouts. A partial cloverleaf interchange (often shortened to the portmanteau, parclo ) is an interchange with loops ramps in one to three quadrants, and diamond interchange ramps in any number of quadrants. The various configurations are generally

316-399: A complex appearance and are often colloquially described as Mixing Bowls , Mixmasters (for a Sunbeam Products brand of electric kitchen mixers ), or as Spaghetti Bowls or Spaghetti Junctions (being compared to boiled spaghetti ). However, they consume a significantly smaller area of land compared to a cloverleaf interchange. A combination interchange (sometimes referred to by

395-475: A directional T interchange) is typically used when a three-way interchange is required for two or three highways interchanging in semi-parallel/perpendicular directions, but it can also be used in right-angle case as well. Their connecting ramps can spur from either the right or left side of the highway, depending on the direction of travel and the angle. Directional T interchanges use flyover/underpass ramps for both connecting and mainline segments, and they require

474-412: A dumbbell interchange or a dogbone interchange, is similar to the diamond interchange, but uses a pair of roundabouts in place of intersections to join the highway ramps with the crossroad. This typically increases the efficiency of the interchange when compared to a diamond, but is only ideal in light traffic conditions. In the dogbone variation, the roundabouts do not form a complete circle, instead having

553-781: A junction spans several hundred metres, both start and end locations are given. An Active Traffic Management system operates on the short section northbound from junction 16 ( A3400 ) to the M42 . Junction 1 of the M40 is at the Denham Roundabout near Uxbridge just east of the M25. The motorway is carried over the top of the roundabout, which interchanges with the A40, the A412, the A4020 and links to

632-667: A moderate amount of land and moderate costs since only two levels of roadway are typically used. Their name derives from their resemblance to the capital letter T, depending upon the angle from which the interchange is seen and the alignment of the roads that are interchanging. It is sometimes known as the "New England Y", as this design is often seen in the northeastern United States, particularly in Connecticut. This type of interchange features directional ramps (no loops, or weaving right to turn left) and can use multilane ramps in comparatively little space. Some designs have two ramps and

711-542: A motorway in Madrid, Spain BMW M40 , a 1987 automobile piston engine Charomskiy M-40 , an aircraft engine Volvo M40 transmission , an automobile transmission Science [ edit ] Messier 40 (M40), a double star in the constellation Ursa Major the 40th Mersenne prime Firearms and military equipment [ edit ] M40 field protective mask , a United States military gas mask M40 rifle ,

790-454: A parclo AB features a loop ramp approaching the crossroad in one direction, and beyond the crossroad in the opposing direction, as in the example image. A diverging diamond interchange (DDI) or double crossover diamond interchange (DCD) is similar to a traditional diamond interchange, except the opposing lanes on the crossroad cross each other twice, once on each side of the highway. This allows all highway entrances and exits to avoid crossing

869-439: A safer modification of the cloverleaf design, due to a partial or complete reduction in weaving, but may require traffic lights on the lesser-travelled crossroad. Depending on the number of ramps used, they take up a moderate to large amount of land, and have varying capacity and efficiency. Parclo configurations are given names based on the location of and number of quadrants with ramps. The letter A denotes that, for traffic on

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948-543: A small angle and meet the non-freeway at almost right angles. These ramps at the non-freeway can be controlled through stop signs , traffic signals , or turn ramps. Diamond interchanges are much more economical in use of materials and land than other interchange designs, as the junction does not normally require more than one bridge to be constructed. However, their capacity is lower than other interchanges and when traffic volumes are high they can easily become congested. A double roundabout diamond interchange, also known as

1027-560: A smartphone See also [ edit ] 40M (disambiguation) [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title formed as a letter–number combination. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M40&oldid=1239559770 " Category : Letter–number combination disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

1106-563: A sniper rifle M40 gun motor carriage , a United States self-propelled artillery vehicle M40 recoilless rifle , an anti-tank gun M/40 automatic cannon , a Swedish heavy machine gun Macchi M.40 , a prototype 1920s Italian catapult-launched reconnaissance seaplane The incorrect designation for the SSh-40 , a Russian infantry helmet Athletics [ edit ] M 40, an age group for Masters athletics (athletes aged 35+) Technology [ edit ] Samsung Galaxy M40 ,

1185-520: A southerly direction to Holtspur, Beaconsfield , a temporary junction 2 was opened. The section bypassing Beaconsfield was built in 1971 and the section past Gerrards Cross to junction 1 was completed in 1973. In 1974, the motorway between junctions 5 to 8 was completed to Great Milton . Between junctions 3 and 4, the beginnings of slip roads were built on both carriageways for a service area at Abbey Barns between Beaconsfield and High Wycombe. Beaconsfield services off junction 2 opened in 2009. Late in

1264-461: A spur off the M40, with two-lane carriageways, leaves the mainline of the motorway as far as a trumpet junction for Wheatley and the A418, then continuing as the A40 towards Oxford . The spur can be accessed via the M40 northbound or by leaving the M40 at junction 8a southbound and crossing the M40 via the A418, and traffic heading towards the M40 can only join the southbound carriageway. Traffic going in

1343-520: A temporary lane drop. The junction used to be a straightforward roundabout interchange with exits for the M40 (west and east), High Wycombe (A404), the A4010, two local roads and the A404 dual carriageway to the south. During 2007, work was completed which included extra stacking space on the sliproads from the M40, provision for traffic from the A404 northbound to join the M40 westbound slip road without joining

1422-401: A three-level semi-directional T at Highway 407 and a two-level semi-directional T at Highway 401 . Service interchanges are used between a controlled-access route and a crossroad that is not controlled-access. A full cloverleaf may be used as a system or a service interchange. A diamond interchange is an interchange involving four ramps where they enter and leave the freeway at

1501-509: A three-way interchange. However, in a semi-directional T, some of the splits and merges are switched to avoid ramps to and from the passing lane , eliminating the major disadvantage of the directional T. Semi-directional T interchanges are generally safe and efficient, though they do require more land and are costlier than trumpet interchanges. Semi-directional T interchanges are built as two- or three-level junctions, with three-level interchanges typically used in urban or suburban areas where land

1580-442: A toll road meets another toll road or a free highway. They are also useful when most traffic on the terminating highway is going in the same direction. The turn that is used less often would contain the slower loop ramp. Trumpet interchanges are often used instead of directional or semi-directional T or Y interchanges because they require less bridge construction but still eliminate weaving. A full Y-interchange (also known as

1659-422: A traditional stack interchange. A three-level roundabout interchange features a grade-separated roundabout which handles traffic exchanging between highways. The ramps of the interchanging highways meet at a roundabout , or rotary, on a separated level above, below, or in the middle of the two highways. These interchanges can also be used to make a "linking road" to the destination for a service interchange, or

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1738-513: A very large volume of traffic using the junction. To try to alleviate this problem, there is a temporary lane drop for the London-bound carriageway. The largest exchange of traffic is between the A34 and the M40 north, and traffic on those roads backs up and causes congestion on both roads (going north and south), as well as on the interchange itself. North of the junction, the existing A34 becomes

1817-446: Is a 3-level stack, since the semi-directional ramps are spaced out far enough, so they do not need to cross each other at a single point as in a conventional 4-level stack. Stacks are significantly more expensive than other four-way interchanges are due to the design of the four levels; additionally, they may suffer from objections of local residents because of their height and high visual impact. Large stacks with multiple levels may have

1896-557: Is a restricted junction with the A329 serving Thame and the A40. Access is limited allowing exit for only northbound traffic and entry only for southbound traffic. The exiting slip road on the southbound M40 at junction 7 is for "Works Traffic Only" to a depot. A slip road allows traffic from the A329 to join the M40 north but is closed to motorway traffic by a gate, so traffic must continue for 2 miles (3.2 km)to junction 8. At junction 8,

1975-428: Is an alternative four-way directional interchange. The turbine interchange requires fewer levels (usually two or three) while retaining directional ramps throughout. It features right-exit, left-turning ramps that sweep around the center of the interchange in a clockwise spiral . A full turbine interchange features a minimum of 18 overpasses, and requires more land to construct than a four-level stack interchange; however,

2054-477: Is braided when at least one of the roadways reverses sides. It seeks to make left and right turns equally easy. In a pure braided interchange, each roadway has one right exit, one left exit, one right on-ramp, and one left on-ramp, and both roadways are flipped. The first pure braided interchange was built in Baltimore at Interstate 95 at Interstate 695 ; however, the interchange was reconfigured in 2008 to

2133-485: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages M40 motorway The M40 motorway links London , Oxford , and Birmingham in England, a distance of approximately 89 miles (143 km). The motorway is dual three lanes except for junction 1A to junction 3 (which is dual four lanes) a short section in-between the exit and entry slip-roads at junction 4 (which

2212-654: Is junction 12, serving Gaydon and the Heritage Motor Centre via the B4451 . The junction is a box-standard diamond interchange . Farther along the motorway is Warwick Services , the last on the motorway, before it reaches the restricted access junction 13. This serves Leamington Spa and Warwick via the A452 , and Gaydon via the B4100. The junction is incomplete as a half-diamond interchange, with access only from

2291-551: Is located in Thame . Stratford-upon-Avon is world-famous as Shakespeare's hometown and so tourism is a major industry. The NFU Mutual Insurance Company is also based in the town. ConocoPhillips , JET (petrol), BMW , and Volvo Group are based in Warwick. The motorway has four service areas: Download coordinates as: Highway ramp Note: The descriptions of interchanges apply to countries where vehicles drive on

2370-470: Is more expensive. In a three-level semi-directional T, the two semi-directional ramps from the terminating highway cross the surviving highway at or near a single point, which requires both an overpass and underpass. In a two-level semi-directional T, the two semi-directional ramps from the terminating highway cross each other at a different point than the surviving highway, necessitating longer ramps and often one ramp having two overpasses. Highway 412 has

2449-475: Is the largest exchange of traffic between the two motorways. The M40 passes over the interchange, with the M25 on the bottom. The clockwise M25 enters the junction with four lanes with a lane drop to accommodate traffic heading for the M40 westbound, leaving the junction with three lanes. The anti-clockwise M25 enters the junction with three lanes and gains a lane from the London-bound M40 to accommodate

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2528-406: Is the standard roundabout interchange over the M40. Beaconsfield services are located at this junction. Junction 3 is 3 miles (4.8 km) further on, and serves the A40 for High Wycombe East and Loudwater. This is a restricted junction; the only flows are from the westbound M40 to the A40 and from the A40 to the London-bound M40. The westbound carriageway loses a lane, remaining three lanes for

2607-530: Is two lanes in both directions) and also between the slip-roads at junction 9 (in the south-eastbound direction only). An Active Traffic Management system operates on the short section north-westbound from junction 16 ( A3400 ) to the M42 . The motorway between London and Oxford was constructed in stages between 1967 and 1974. The first section opened in June 1967, from Handy Cross roundabout , High Wycombe to Stokenchurch (junctions 4–5). In 1969, extending in

2686-635: The A3400 . This means the A34 is now technically in two halves (it regains status farther up the road at junction 16, although signs on the motorway do not mention this). Instead, the first signs for the A34 from a motorway are on the M42 at junction 4, as with the A41. The road also becomes part of the E05 north of junction 9. The M40 follows a course of almost due north for 5 miles (8.0 km) before reaching junction 10, for

2765-697: The Cherwell Valley services , the A43 and the village of Ardley . The A43 terminates at junction 10, although originally it carried on to Kidlington, the southern part of the old route now used by the re-routed A34. (The original A43 towards Oxford is now the B430.) The A43 serves Brackley, Silverstone and its racing circuit , home to the British Grand Prix . Farther on, the A43 leads to Northampton and

2844-400: The controlled-access highway , the loop ramps are located in advance of (or approaching ) the crossroad, and thus provide an onramp to the highway. The letter B indicated that the loop ramps are beyond the crossroad, and thus provide an offramp from the highway. These letters can be used together when opposite directions of travel on the controlled-access highway are not symmetrical, thus

2923-403: The "inside" through road (on the same side as the freeway that ends) crossing each other at a three-level bridge. The directional T interchange is preferred to a trumpet interchange because a trumpet requires a loop ramp by which speeds can be reduced, but flyover ramps can handle much faster speeds. The disadvantage of the directional T is that traffic from the terminating road enters and leaves on

3002-581: The 1960s, not long after the first stretch opened, the Ministry of Transport announced the possibility of building a new motorway to link London with Birmingham as an alternative to the M1 – M6 route – as well as improving road links to the South Coast ports for The Midlands  – but it was not until 1983 that the decision to extend the M40 from Oxford to the south of Birmingham

3081-593: The A34 (E05) and the A41 . The A34 dual carriageway serves Oxford and is a trunk route for Newbury, Winchester and Southampton (via the M3 ) as well as the rest of the South Coast ;— for this the reason it is part of the unsigned European route E05. The A41 dual carriageway serves Bicester and Aylesbury, and both roads meet the motorway at Wendelbury roundabout junction. Its design is inefficient and cannot cope with

3160-562: The A413 off the A40 westbound. The motorway carries on for another 1 ⁄ 2 mile (0.80 km) before it reaches junction 1a, the free-flow interchange with the M25 London Orbital . It is a partially unrolled cloverleaf, with the smoothest turns from the London-bound M40 (from Oxfordshire, Warwickshire and the wider West Midlands) to the anti-clockwise M25 (London Heathrow, Gatwick, The Channel Ports) and vice versa, since this

3239-528: The A43 (between the M1 and M40) was upgraded to dual carriageway, the junction was redesigned and rebuilt by the Highways Agency to cope with the extra traffic. A third roundabout was added to the junction, to the north, with the slips for the southbound M40 and the A43, with the slip roads for the northbound M40 remodelled as well, and the roundabout in the middle now serving the services. The slip road for

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3318-508: The A452 to J13. A few hundred yards further up is junction 15, known as Longbridge island. This is a large, regular roundabout interchange, and is always busy during peak times due to the various destinations it serves, including The Cotswolds, Stratford-upon-Avon, Coventry, and Warwick. Farther north, Henley-in-Arden (J16) is again 'incomplete' to discourage local traffic. The motorway joins the M42 in both directions, with northbound traffic taking

3397-452: The B4009 for Lewknor , Watlington , and Chinnor . This junction is a variant on the diamond interchange, with the slip roads from the M40 having sharp bends. Just over 1 mile (1.6 km) after junction 6 the motorway passes to within 330 feet (100 m) of St Giles Church, Tetsworth and 2 miles (3.2 km) farther on meets the first of three junctions in close succession. Junction 7

3476-543: The London-bound M40; and a five-lane cross-link between the M40 and the A404(S). In 2009 the Highways Agency extended the Active Traffic Management (ATM) system onto the northbound carriageway from J16 to the junction with the M42. Beaconsfield services opened in 2009, near the site of the service station proposed at Abbey Barns almost 40 years earlier. In August 2010 work started on J9, upgrading

3555-515: The London-bound carriageway which used to be accessed from the roundabout is now reached only via the services. The design and execution of the revised design of new junction is greatly derided, mostly because of the three roundabouts giving no priority to the main flow of traffic, (A43-M40 London), and the slip roads off and onto the motorway (except the one accessed via the services) have sharp turns and adverse cambers, which results in lorries frequently tipping over and spilling their loads especially on

3634-405: The M1. Junction 10 was originally a dumbbell junction. The capacity of both the junction and the single carriageway A43 proved too small when the road was used as a freight thoroughfare from the congested M1 to the M40 to London, and the A34 at junction 9 to the south coast — in fact the 5 miles (8.0 km) stretch between these junctions is the busiest on the motorway in both directions. When

3713-860: The UK base of Ariston (now owned by Indesit ) and the UK headquarters of Staples are based in High Wycombe. The UK base of Robert Bosch is in Denham , near Gerrards Cross. Pioneer UK is in Stoke Poges and the Barracuda Group (owner of Varsity ) is in Marlow , both locations being near the motorway. Kraft Foods Banbury , Westminster group plc , Prodrive and Ascari Cars all have offices or are based in Banbury . The head office of Travelodge UK

3792-548: The United States opened on July   7, 2009, in Springfield, Missouri , at the junction of Interstate 44 and Missouri Route 13 . A single-point urban interchange (SPUI) or single-point diamond interchange (SPDI) is a modification of a diamond interchange in which all four ramps to and from a controlled-access highway converge at a single, three-phase traffic light in the middle of an overpass or underpass. While

3871-401: The bridges are generally short in length. Coupled with reduced maintenance costs, a turbine interchange is a less costly alternative to a stack. A windmill interchange is similar to a turbine interchange, but it has much sharper turns, reducing its size and capacity. The interchange is named for its similar overhead appearance to the blades of a windmill . A variation of the windmill, called

3950-507: The compact design is safer, more efficient, and offers increased capacity—with three light phases as opposed to four in a traditional diamond, and two left turn queues on the arterial road instead of four—the significantly wider overpass or underpass structure makes them more costly than most service interchanges. Since single-point urban interchanges can exist in rural areas, such as the interchange of U.S. Route 23 with M-59 in Michigan ;

4029-537: The creation of a new basic road as a service interchange. Trumpet interchanges may be used where one highway terminates at another highway, and are named as such for to their resemblance to trumpets . They are sometimes called jug handles . These interchanges are very common on toll roads , as they concentrate all entering and exiting traffic into a single stretch of roadway, where toll plazas can be installed once to handle all traffic, especially on ticket-based tollways . A double-trumpet interchange can be found where

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4108-448: The diverging windmill, increases capacity by altering the direction of traffic flow of the interchanging highways, making the connecting ramps much more direct. There also is a hybrid interchange somewhat like the diverging windmill in which left turn exits merge on the left, but it differs in that the left turn exits use left directional ramps. A braided or diverging interchange is a two-level, four-way interchange. An interchange

4187-459: The extra traffic. The London-bound M40 enters with four lanes, with a lane drop for the M25 exit, leaves with three lanes, and the westbound M40 enters with lanes and gains a lane from the anti-clockwise M25. After junction 1a the motorway is four lanes, and carries on for 3 miles (4.8 km) until it reaches junction 2 for the A355 to Slough and the A40 to Beaconsfield and Gerrards Cross. Junction 2

4266-473: The first roads to feature grade-separations. Maryland engineer Arthur Hale filed a patent for the design of a cloverleaf interchange on May   24, 1915, though the conceptual roadwork was not realised until a cloverleaf opened on December   15, 1929, in Woodbridge, New Jersey , connecting New Jersey Route 25 and Route 4 (now U.S. Route 1/9 and New Jersey Route 35 ). It

4345-611: The last major motorway to be built in Britain, but in 1986 the Conservative government announced a major new road-building scheme, Roads for Prosperity , much of which was cancelled in 1996 after major road protests . Beginning in 1997, the motorway was widened to dual-four-lane between J1A and J3 (High Wycombe East) under a Private Finance Initiative . It was completed by a Carillion - John Laing joint venture in October 1998 –

4424-410: The left lane to exit eastbound, eventually forming the outer lanes of the M42 via a tight-bending two lane connecting road, and the right lanes being taken eastbound. Similarly, southbound, eastbound traffic from the M42 splits off from the outer two lanes, whereas westbound traffic of the M42 has a single lane, widening to a two lane slip road, which merges with the middle lane and forms the outer lane of

4503-430: The northbound carriageway and access to the southbound M40. The junction is completed 2 miles (3.2 km) farther on at junction 14, another restricted access junction, with access to the A452 from the southbound M40, and the access on to the motorway is in a northbound direction. The slip roads join at a roundabout and carry on as the single carriageway A452 to meet with the A452 to Leamington Spa, A425 to Warwick, and

4582-594: The opposite direction of travel and saves one signal phase of traffic lights each. The first DDIs were constructed in the French communities of Versailles ( A13 at D182), Le Perreux-sur-Marne ( A4 at N486) and Seclin ( A1 at D549), in the 1970s. Despite the fact that such interchanges already existed, the idea for the DDI was "reinvented" around 2000, inspired by the freeway-to-freeway interchange between Interstate 95 and I-695 north of Baltimore . The first DDI in

4661-609: The original plan included widening between J3 and J4. Oxford services and Warwick Services opened in 1998. Work to separate local and long-distance traffic at J4 was completed in 2007, including a new dedicated left-turn slip lane between the A404 Marlow Bypass and the Oxford-bound M40; additional lanes on the slip roads entering the roundabout; an additional lane between the A404 Marlow Hill and

4740-460: The other direction has to use the trumpet junction, and follow the A418 past Oxford services . The M40 heads north from junction 8A. This was the temporary end of the M40 before the northern section was open. Visible either side of the junction are the embankments and remains of the overbridge which carried the Wycombe railway line. The motorway continues for 12 miles (19 km) to junction 9 for

4819-513: The passing lane, so the semi-directional T interchange (see below) is preferred. The interchange of Highway 416 and Highway 417 in Ontario, constructed in the early 1990s, is one of the few directional T interchanges, as most transportation departments had switched to the semi-directional T design. As with a directional T interchange, a semi-directional T interchange uses flyover (overpass) or underpass ramps in all directions at

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4898-543: The portmanteau, cloverstack ) is a hybrid of other interchange designs. It uses loop ramps to serve slower or less-occupied traffic flow , and flyover ramps to serve faster and heavier traffic flows. If local and express ways serving the same directions and each roadway is connected righthand to the interchange, extra ramps are installed. The combination interchange design is commonly used to upgrade cloverleaf interchanges to increase their capacity and eliminate weaving. Some turbine-stack hybrids: The turbine interchange

4977-467: The problem of weaving, and due to the semi-directional flyover ramps and directional ramps, they are generally safe and efficient at handling high traffic volumes in all directions. A standard stack interchange includes roads on four levels, also known as a 4-level stack, including the two perpendicular highways, and one more additional level for each pair of left-turn ramps. These ramps can be stacked (cross) in various configurations above, below, or between

5056-495: The rest of the route, and the London-bound carriageway gains a lane. The motorway then immediately crosses the valley on a large ramp-like bridge. Junction 4 is the interchange with the A404, for High Wycombe , Marlow , Maidenhead , Reading , Windsor and the M4 . The motorway through the junction was not widened from the original two lanes when the rest of the motorway from junction 8 to London was, and so both carriageways experience

5135-587: The right side of the road. For left-side driving, the layout of junctions is mirrored. Both North American (NA) and British (UK) terminology is included. The concept of the controlled-access highway developed in the 1920s and 1930s in Italy, Germany, the United States, and Canada. Initially, these roads featured at-grade intersections along their length. Interchanges were developed to provide access between these new highways and heavily-travelled surface streets. The Bronx River Parkway and Long Island Motor Parkway were

5214-455: The rightmost lane. After demerging from right-turning traffic, they complete their left turn by crossing both highways on a flyover ramp or underpass. The penultimate step is a merge with the right-turn on-ramp traffic from the opposite quadrant of the interchange. Finally, an on-ramp merges both streams of incoming traffic into the left-bound highway. As there is only one off-ramp and one on-ramp (in that respective order), stacks do not suffer from

5293-421: The road is extended. US 70 and US 17 west of New Bern, North Carolina is an example. A stack interchange is a four-way interchange whereby a semi-directional left turn and a directional right turn are both available. Usually, access to both turns is provided simultaneously by a single off-ramp. Assuming right-handed driving, to cross over incoming traffic and go left, vehicles first exit onto an off-ramp from

5372-498: The roundabout and provision for the London-bound M40 to skip the section of the roundabout which serves the A4010, High Wycombe , and the A404 north. Junction 5 is for the A40 and Stokenchurch , a basic diamond interchange and the fourth junction of the M40 with the A40. Within a mile there is a large road cutting known as the Stokenchurch Gap or The Canyon where the motorway enters Oxfordshire and meets junction 6 with

5451-498: The roundabout at the end of the northern carriageway. The junction fails to perform its function as an effective traffic junction. As well, the slip roads onto the motorway give little manoeuvring space as both join the motorway under (the same) bridge built for the old junction. The motorway then follows a winding route north for 10 miles (16 km) until junction 11, the A422 and A361 , serving Banbury . The motorway does not follow

5530-733: The section around Banbury starting in February 1988, and finally, the section north of Oxford in July 1989. The section between the M42 and Warwick opened in December 1989, and the remainder in January 1991. At the time of being fully opened, the original M40 had been widened, creating a dual three-lane motorway from start to finish, with the exception of the Handy Cross underpass, which remains dual two-lane. The M40 had been expected to be

5609-547: The southbound M40. The following table only includes places situated near the motorway and those close enough to be considered 'near the motorway' (like Aylesbury ). Other places that may use the motorway (for access to the north) are not included as they have other motorway access (for example Slough ). Small villages are not included. Population figures are based on the 2001 census by the Office for National Statistics George Wimpey , RAF Air Command , Hyundai UK , Dreams ,

5688-539: The southbound exit slip road to three lanes, and similar widening on the connecting A34 and A41 junctions between Oxford and Bicester . This was the first part of the work at this busy junction since it was built 20 years earlier. If the necessary funding becomes available, a second phase of improvement will be carried out, upgrading the northbound entrance and the A41 southbound entrance. Download coordinates as: Data from driver location signs are used to provide distance and carriageway identifier information. Where

5767-450: The straight route to the east of Middleton Cheney, meeting with the A422, as it had once been planned, due to a major landowner refusing his land to be cut in two. If built as planned, junction 11 would be east of Middleton Cheney, meeting with the A422, and probably would have fuelled major growth in the village as well as Banbury, the primary destination of the junction. As it is, the junction

5846-502: The two interchanging highways. This makes them distinct from turbine interchanges, where pairs of left-turn ramps are separated but at the same level. There are some stacks that could be considered 5-level; however, these remain four-way interchanges, since the fifth level actually consists of dedicated ramps for HOV /bus lanes or frontage roads running through the interchange. The stack interchange between I-10 and I-405 in Los Angeles

5925-400: Was built 1.5 miles (2.4 km) west along the A422, with the motorway skirting Banbury. The junction itself is a regular roundabout interchange, and has the single carriageway A361 from Daventry the dual-carriageway A422 from Brackley and the A43 from the west, and the dual-carriageway A422 (A361) toward Banbury feeding to/from it. Another 12 miles (19 km) north-west along the motorway

6004-540: Was considered a revolutionary design at the time of its construction. A cloverleaf offers uninterrupted connections between two roads but suffers from weaving issues. Along the mainline, a loop ramp introduces traffic prior to a second loop ramp providing access to the crossroad, between which ingress and egress traffic mixes. For this reason, the cloverleaf interchange has fallen out of favour in place of combination interchanges . Some may be half cloverleaf containing ghost ramps which can be upgraded to full cloverleafs if

6083-436: Was designed by Philadelphia engineering firm Rudolph and Delano, based on a design seen in an Argentinian magazine. A system interchange connects multiple controlled-access highways, involving no at-grade signalised intersections. A cloverleaf interchange is a four-legged junction where left turns across opposing traffic are handled by non-directional loop ramps. It is named for its appearance from above, which resembles

6162-596: Was designed by Philadelphia engineering firm Rudolph and Delano based on a design seen in an Argentinian magazine. The first cloverleaf in Canada opened in 1938 at the junction of Highway 10 and what would become the Queen Elizabeth Way . The first cloverleaf outside of North America opened in Stockholm on October   15, 1935. Nicknamed Slussen , it was referred to as a "traffic carousel" and

6241-466: Was made. The preferred route was altered to avoid Otmoor after a vigorous road protest, which included selling over 3,000 small squares of a field to people all over the world. The field had been renamed 'Alice's field' as a reference to Alice in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll who lived in the area at the time of the book's writing. Construction began at Warwick in October 1987, with work on

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