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51-676: Compared with its M10 predecessor, the M40 uses a belt-driven camshaft, and hydraulic tappets. Like the M10, the M40 uses an iron block and an aluminium head. Fuel injection for the E30 versions is Bosch Motronic 1.3 , and the E36 versions use Bosch Motronic 1.7 . Following the introduction of the BMW M43 engine in 1991, the M40 began to be phased out. The M40B16 is a 1,596 cc (97.4 cu in) version of

102-736: A cylinder ID and as a result, both banks of injectors fired at once. Motronic 1.2 is the same as 1.1, but uses a hot-film MAF in place of the flapper-door style AFM. This version was used by BMW on the S38B36 engine in the E34 M5 and on the M70B50 engine in the 750il from 1988 until 1990. Motronic 1.1 was superseded in 1988 by the Motronic 1.3 system that was also used by PSA on some XU9J-series engines (which previously used Motronic 4.1). and by BMW. The Motronic 1.1 and 1.3 systems are largely similar,

153-485: A driver's airbag, passenger airbag (from 1993 production) and side impact airbags in later models, ABS braking and stability control ("ASC +T"). The dashboard was designed to accommodate the passenger side airbag from the beginning, which limited the size of the glove compartment. Available in the Saloon and Touring, a rear seat with two integrated children's booster seats was a first for BMW. Electronic climate control

204-401: Is naturally aspirated , an air temperature sensor is located in the air flow meter to work out the air mass. However, if the engine is turbocharged , an additional charge air temperature sensor is used to monitor the temperature of the inducted air after it has passed through the turbocharger and intercooler , in order to accurately and dynamically calculate the overall air mass. Motronic 1.1

255-532: Is achieved by altering the timing of the main injectors based on engine temperature. The idle speed is also fully controlled by the digital Motronic unit, including fast-idle during warm-up. Updated variants ML 2.10.1 through 2.5 add MAF Mass Air Flow sensor logic and direct fire ignition coils per cylinder. Motronic 2.1 is used in the Porsche 4 cyl 16V 944S/S2/968 and the 6 cyl Boxer Carrera 964 & 993, Opel/Vauxhall, FIAT & Alfa Romeo engines. The M2.3.2 system

306-427: Is adaptive circuitry, which adjusts for changes in an engine's characteristics over time. Some PSA engines also include a knock sensor for ignition timing adjustment, perhaps this was achieved using an external Knock Control Regulator. The Motronic units have 2 injection outputs, and the injectors are arranged in 2 "banks" which fire once every two engine revolutions. In an example 4-cylinder engine, one output controls

357-405: Is also fully controlled by the Motronic unit, including fast-idle during warm-up (therefore no thermo-time switch is required). The ML4.1 system did not include provision for a knock sensor for timing adjustment. The ignition timing and fuel map could be altered to take account of fuels with different octane ratings by connecting a calibrated resistor (taking the form of an "octane coding plug" in

408-530: Is continuing and new ML-Motronic versions appear, Bosch launched the M-Motronic. There were many versions. While older versions were improved and further developed, new M-Motronic versions appear. So it makes no sense, to identify newer/older versions within the first counting numbers after the “M”. For example: The M2.3 und M2.3.2 (used by Audi/VW) appears long before 1997. So the M1.5.5 is much more developed than

459-405: Is powered by various i8051 derivatives made by Siemens. ?? ?? The Motronic ML4.1 system was used on Opel / Vauxhall eight-valve engines from 1987 to 1990, Alfa Romeo and some PSA Peugeot Citroën XU9J-series engines. Fuel enrichment during cold-start is achieved by altering the timing of the main injectors based on engine temperature, no "cold start" injector is required. The idle speed

510-551: Is stored in DIL or PLCC EPROM and ranges from 32k to 128k. Often known as "Motronic basic", Motronic ML1.x was one of the first digital engine-management systems developed by Bosch . These early Motronic systems integrated the spark timing element with then-existing Jetronic fuel injection technology. It was originally developed and first used in the BMW 7 Series , before being implemented on several Volvo and Porsche engines throughout

561-488: Is the trade name given to a range of digital engine control units developed by Robert Bosch GmbH (commonly known as Bosch) which combined control of fuel injection and ignition in a single unit. By controlling both major systems in a single unit, many aspects of the engine's characteristics (such as power, fuel economy, drivability, and emissions) can be improved. Motronic M1.x is powered by various i8051 derivatives made by Siemens, usually SAB80C515 or SAB80C535. Code/data

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612-638: Is used in non- VANOS BMW M50B25 engines. Motronic 3.3 is used by BMW M60B30/B40 V8's in the 5, 7 & 8 series. Motronic 3.3.1 is used in BMW M50B25 engines with VANOS. Motronic 3.7 is used in the Alfa Romeo V6 engine in the later 12 valve 3.0L variants, replacing the L-Jetronic . Motronic 3.7.1 is used in the Alfa Romeo V6 engine in the 24 valve variants. Motronic M3.8x is used in many Volkswagen/Audi/Skoda vehicles Motronic M4.x

663-665: Is very reliable and problems encountered are usually caused by poor contact at the associated plug/socket combinations that link the various system sensors to the Electronic Control Unit (ECU). Predecessor of the ME Motronic. Also used in the Opel engines C16SEI Was used since 1991 in the Opel Astra F with C20NE engine. Major change was the use of a MAF instead of AFM in the Motronic 1.5. Was used since 1994 in

714-531: The BMW M44 DOHC engine. To retain a 50/50 weight distribution (on petrol models), versions fitted with the heavier, six-cylinder engines had the battery relocated to the trunk. For the six-cylinder models, the E36 was launched with the then-new BMW M50 DOHC petrol engine. In late 1992 the M50TU versions added single-VANOS (variable valve timing), which increased torque (peak power was unchanged). In 1995,

765-612: The BMW M52 engine replaced the M50TU, resulting in the 328i model replacing the 325i and the addition of a new mid-range 323i model (powered by a 2.5 litre version of the M52). In 1992, the 3.0 L BMW S50 engine debuted in the E36 M3. In 1995, its capacity was increased to 3.2 L. Initially, the turbocharged straight-six BMW M51 engine was used in the E36 325td model. In 1993,

816-470: The 1980s. The components of the Motronic ML1.x systems for the most part remained unchanged during production, although there are some differences in certain situations. The engine control module (ECM) receives information regarding engine speed, crankshaft angle, coolant temperature and throttle position. An air flow meter also measures the volume of air entering the induction system. If the engine

867-431: The 1989 BMW Z1 , and designed with rear toe-in to minimize the oversteering characteristics of the preceding generation. Unlike the other body styles, the hatchback (known as the "E36/5" or "BMW Compact") used a rear semi-trailing arm suspension based on the older E30 instead, in order to save space due to its truncated rear end. The E36 was produced with the following transmissions: Available safety equipment included

918-432: The 1996 model year OBD II diagnostics were introduced on some cars while M4.3 was beginning to be phased out. The last M4.3 equipped cars were made for model year 1997. The Motronic 4.4 was used by Volvo from 1996 until 1998. The M4.4 was based on its predecessor and featured only a small number of improvements. Memory capacity was doubled and a few new functions were introduced such as immobilizer compatibility. OBD II

969-601: The 2.8/2 was replaced by the B6 3.0, following the introduction of the 3 litre S50 engine that was used in the new M3 models. Alpina models were now offered in convertible and touring form as well, rather than just in coupe and saloon models. Again in 1996, Alpina introduced the B3 3.2, following the S50 engine's upgrade to 3.2 litres. With the new 3.2 models, Alpinas were now based on the 328i and its 2.8L engine, rather than 325i models. In 1995,

1020-534: The 325tds model was released, which added an intercooler to the M51. In 1994, the 318tds model was introduced, powered by the four-cylinder BMW M41 turbocharged and intercooled engine. Diesel engines were only available in saloon, touring and compact body styles. The coupe and convertible only had petrol engines. The E36 M3 was launched in 1992 and was powered by the BMW S50 and BMW S52 straight-six engines rather than

1071-515: The B8 4.6 ended in late 1998. For a short time, Alpina produced the B8 4.0, making 313 horsepower and 410 Nm of torque. Only an estimated 5 models are known to exist, and they were all sold in Japan. All Alpina models featured Alpina's distinctive 20 spoke rims, as well as optional striping. Alpina models also had special aerodynamic pieces, including an Alpina-branded front lip and rear spoiler. Changes to

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1122-532: The B8 was released. The B8 4.6 was based on the 4 litre V8 from the E34 5-series, put in to a 328i-based shell. BMW V8s had coated bores which meant new blocks had to be cast by BMW specifically for Alpina V8s. Fitting the V8 into the engine bay required numerous adjustments to both the body and engine parts; and even then, it was still a tight fit. The B8 4.6 produced a claimed 333 horsepower and 470 Nm of torque. Production of

1173-548: The E36 platform was used for the 1996-2002 Z3 roadster (model code E36/7) and coupé (model code E36/8). The North American model range consisted of the models listed below. The 318i models were powered by the BMW M42 engine until 1995, and later the BMW M44 engine which was used in the 318is model sold in other countries. In North America, the "is" suffix was applied to the coupés. The European model range had more variety than

1224-578: The E36 saloons and coupés. At first, the Touring was only offered in 320i and 328i versions; in July 1995 the 318 tds Touring arrived, followed by the 318i in September. The body styles of the range are: All models are rear-wheel drive since the E36 was not produced with all-wheel drive (unlike its predecessor and successor). The E36 chassis was all new, using the "Z-axle" multilink suspension proven in

1275-468: The ECU received several upgrades, including migration from a distributor-based ignition to coil on plug sequential ignition and an added overboost function. This ECU ended in 1997 when the last Audi S6 rolled off the assembly line. This ECU was also used in the legendary Audi RS2 Avant. The V8 version of the ECU was only single processor based while retaining all the same features of the turbo 5-cylinder ECU less

1326-837: The German ADAC GT Cup driving an E36 M3. Cecotto won the Super Tourenwagen Cup for BMW in 1994 and 1998, while Winkelhock won in 1995. Steve Soper won the Japanese Touring Car Championship in 1995 with a works BMW 318i. Geoff Brabham and his younger brother David Brabham won the 1997 AMP Bathurst 1000 at the Mount Panorama Circuit in Bathurst , Australia driving a Super Touring BMW 320i for BMW Motorsport Australia . The 1998 24 Hours Nürburgring

1377-501: The M2.3.2. BMW 3 Series (E36) The third generation of the BMW 3 Series range of compact executive cars is designated under the model code E36 , and was produced by the German automaker BMW from 1990 to 2000. The initial models were of the four-door saloon body style, followed by the coupé, convertible, wagon ("Touring"), and eventually hatchback (" Compact "). The E36

1428-471: The M40, which has a bore of 84 mm (3.3 in) and a stroke of 72 mm (2.8 in). It produces 73 kW (98 hp) and 142 N⋅m (105 lb⋅ft). Applications: The M40B18 is a 1,796 cc (109.6 cu in) version of the M40, which has a bore of 84 mm (3.3 in) and a stroke of 81 mm (3.2 in). It produces 83 kW (111 hp) and 163 N⋅m (120 lb⋅ft). Applications: Motronic#1.3 Motronic

1479-645: The Motronic M1.7 and two distributors. This system was used by Volvo on the B6304 engine used in the Volvo 960. Motronic M2.x is powered by various i8051 derivatives made by Siemens, usually SAB80C515 or SAB80C535. The ML 2.1 system integrates an advanced engine management with 2 knock sensors, provision for adaptive fuel & timing adjustment, purge canister control, precision sequential fuel control and diagnostics (pre OBD-1). Fuel enrichment during cold-start

1530-632: The North American and included diesel engines and the station wagon "Touring" body styles. The European market range had more low-range models than the North American, for example, the 316i and 318i had 8-valve SOHC engines. The M3 was also more expensive and had more horsepower than the North American version. The E36 was produced in Munich , Germany; Regensburg , Germany; Rosslyn , South Africa; and Spartanburg County, South Carolina , United States. Local assembly of complete knock-down (CKD) kits

1581-734: The Opel Omega B with X20SE engine. (Modified successor of C20NE engine) Major change to the Motronic 1.5.2 was the use of DIS ignition system, knock sensor and EGR valve. Was also used in the Opel engine X22XE. Used in Fiat/Alfa/Lancia and Opel vehicles. The key feature of Motronic 1.7 is the elimination of an ignition distributor, where instead each cylinder has its own electronically triggered ignition coil. Motronic 1.7 family has versions 1.7, 1.7.2, 1.7.3, all of them used on M42/M43 engines in BMW 3 Series (E36) up to 1998 and BMW 5 Series (E34) up to 1995. The BMW M70 12 cylinder had

BMW M40 - Misplaced Pages Continue

1632-518: The boost control. The 3.6 V8 version had a distributor-based ignition system and was upgraded around the same time to coil on plug as its 20V turbo counterpart in 1992–1993. Was introduced in 1988 in the Opel Kadett E GSi 16V C20XE engine. Sequential fuel injection and knock control. Late '80s and early '90s, various Ferrari. Some Opel / Vauxhall (C20LET engine). Successor of the Motronic 2.5. Was used from 1992 at Opel C20XE engine. Major change

1683-499: The four-cylinder units used in the E30. Unlike the predecessor, it was no longer a homologation special and was not developed expressly with competition in mind. It was produced in coupé, saloon, and convertible body styles. E36-based Alpina production began in 1991 with the release of the Alpina B6 2.8/2, with an upgraded M50-derived engine. A Japanese market exclusive B6 2.8/2 wagon was produced between 1996 and 1998. In 1993,

1734-452: The injectors for cylinders 1 and 3, and the other controls 2 and 4. The system uses a "cylinder ID" sensor mounted to the camshaft to detect which cylinders are approaching the top of their stroke, therefore which injector bank should be fired. During start-up (below 600 rpm), or if there is no signal from the cylinder ID sensor, all injectors are fired simultaneously once per engine revolution. In BMW vehicles, this Motronic version did not have

1785-470: The interior were also present in Alpina models, including new blue instrument panels, wooden trim, new seats and steering wheel. The 3 Series Compact range of three-door hatchback models was introduced in 1993, based on a shortened version of the E36 platform. The model code for the hatchback body style is "E36/5" and the model range consisted of 316i, 316g, 318ti, 323ti, and 318tds. A modified version of

1836-526: The main improvement being the increased diagnostic capabilities of Motronic 1.3. The 1.3 ECM can store many more detailed fault codes than 1.1, and has a permanent 12-volt feed from the vehicle's battery which allows it to log intermittent faults in memory across several trips. Motronic 1.1 can only advise of a few currently-occurring faults. This system was used on some of General Motors engines (C20NE, 20NE, C20SE, 20SE, 20SEH, 20SER, C20NEF, C20NEJ, C24NE, C26NE, C30LE, C30NE, C30SE, C30SEJ, C30XEI...). The system

1887-526: The overall wedge shape, headlight covers and smaller wing mirrors. The lead designers were Pinky Lai and Boyke Boyer. The production version of the E36 was launched in October 1990, with press release in November and market launch in early 1991. The Touring (E36/3) did not go on sale until March 1995, with the Touring version of the previous generation having remained on sale until April 1994 alongside

1938-506: The previous (E30) and successive (E46) generations. The E36 was named in Car and Driver magazine's 10Best list for every year it was on sale. Following the introduction of its successor, the E46 3 Series in 1998, the E36 began to be phased out and was eventually replaced in 1999. Development of the E36 began in 1981 and the exterior design was heavily influenced by aerodynamics, specifically

1989-609: The six cylinder Volvo 960 /S90/V90. After the 850 was replaced by the Volvo V70 , Volvo S70 and Volvo C70 the system was used until the end of model year 1998. The Motronic 4.6 was used in Nissan Micra K11 from 2000 until 2003. Motronic 5.2 was used in the BMW M44B19 engine. Compared to 1.7, Motronic 5.2 has OBD-II capability and uses a hot-wire MAF sensor in place of the flapper-door AFM. Motronic 5.2.1

2040-641: The system was integrated with body control module and anti-theft system. ML-Motronic appears in 1979. BMW equipped the E32 732i with the Bosch ML-Motronic. This was a L-Jetronic (now in digital technology) with digital ignition control in the same housing. Data was stored in EPROM. ML-Motronic and M-Motronic must be keep apart. There is ML3.2 and M3.2, these a two different things. While the ML-Motronic

2091-400: The vehicle's wiring loom) to one of the ECU pins, the resistance depending on the octane adjustment required. With no resistor attached the system would default to 98 octane. There is a single output for the injectors, resulting in all injectors firing simultaneously. The injectors are opened once for every revolution of the engine, injecting half the required fuel each time. Motronic ML4.1

BMW M40 - Misplaced Pages Continue

2142-642: Was also available on the E36. In North America, cars equipped with the "Winter Package" also have heated seats and side mirrors. The four-cylinder petrol engines used in the E36 range were initially engines carried over from the previous generation 3 Series: the BMW M40 SOHC engine and the BMW M42 DOHC engine. In 1993, the M40 was replaced by the BMW M43 SOHC engine and the M42 was replaced in 1996 by

2193-592: Was made for Audi's turbo 20V 5-cylinder engines mainly, but a variant was also used on the Audi 32V 3.6L V8 and a few Audi 32V 4.2 V8 engines. The turbo 5 cylinder version was the first time knock and boost control had been introduced in one ECU, though the ECU was really two computers in one package. One side of the ECU controlled the timing and fueling while the other side controlled the boost and knock control. Each side has its own Siemens SAB80C535 processor and its own EPROM for storing operating data. What made this ECU special

2244-407: Was standard on all cars fitted with this system albeit the necessary protocols were not integrated for all markets. The system was used for the five- and six-cylinder modular engined cars and was used on turbocharged and naturally aspirated models. Introduced in 1996 for 1997 model year it was first installed on some of the last 850 models like the 2.5 20V and AWD. A coil on plug variant existed for

2295-414: Was the first 3 Series to be offered in a hatchback body style. It was also the first 3 Series to be available with a six-speed manual transmission (in the 1996 M3), a five-speed automatic transmission, and a four-cylinder diesel engine. The multi-link rear suspension was also a significant upgrade as compared to the previous generations of the 3 Series. All-wheel drive was not available for the E36, unlike

2346-481: Was the introduction of DIS ignition. Was also at Opel V6 engine C25XE (1993, Opel Calibra (also X25XE), Opel Vectra A) used. Modified as M2.8.1 (1994) for X30XE and X25XE (Opel Omega B). M2.8.3 engine X25XE (Opel Vectra B) and X30XE (Opel Sintra). Motronic M3.x is powered by i196 microcontroller with code in flash memory ranging from 128kB to 256kB. Compared with ML1.3, this system adds knock sensor control, purge canister control and start-up diagnostics. Motronic 3.1

2397-528: Was the use of two crank sensors and one cam sensor. The ECU used one crank sensor to count the teeth on the starter ring for its RPM signal, and the other read a pin on the back of the flywheel for TDC reference. This ECU was first seen when the 20V turbo 5-cylinder engine (RR Code) was installed into the Audi Quattro. It was then used in the Audi 200 20V turbo until 1991 when the Audi S4 was introduced and

2448-477: Was used by BMW from 1987 on motors such as the M20 . This version was also used by Volvo from 1982-1989 on the turbocharged B23ET, B230ET and B200ET engines. The systems have the option for a lambda sensor, enabling their use with catalytic converter-equipped vehicles. This feedback system allows the system to analyse exhaust emissions so that fuel and spark can be continually optimised to minimise emissions. Also present

2499-619: Was used for cars sold in Uruguay (until 1991), Egypt, Mexico, and Thailand. The E36 was also built as CKD kits in the Philippines starting from 1994 up until 1997, where production halted due to the 1997 Asian financial crisis . Joachim Winkelhock competed in the British Touring Car Championship with the 318i and 320i from 1993 to 1995, winning the title in 1993. In the same year, Johnny Cecotto won

2550-664: Was used in Land Rover Discovery Series II and P38 Range Rovers that were built starting with late 1999. It was only used in cars equipped with V8 gasoline engines. This variant of the engine management system was adapted for off-road use. Unlike the Motronic system in BMW sedans, that uses a chassis accelerometer to differentiate between misfires and rough road, the Land Rover version used signal from ABS control unit to detect rough road conditions. This version of

2601-405: Was used in the Opel engines: 20NE, 20SE, 20SEH, 20SER, C20NE, C30LE, C30NE. The Motronic 4.3 was used by Volvo for their five-cylinder turbocharged 850 models from 1993 until 1996. It was introduced with the launch of the 850 Turbo (also called the 850 T-5 and 850 T-5 Turbo ) in October 1993 for model year 1994. Features included OBD I diagnostics, dual knock sensors and a lot more. For

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