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19-544: Mohammadzai are the most prominent and powerful branch of the Durrani confederacy, and are primarily centered on Kandahar . They can also be found in other provinces throughout Afghanistan as well as across the border in present-day Pakistan . Musahiban are the descendants of Sultan Mohammad Khan , also known as "Telai". Telai means Gold in Dari . He was the elder brother of Dost Mohammed Khan . The principal language of

38-673: A group of Tareen/Tarin emigrated to the area which is now the Hazara region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan . The Tareen Chiefs resisted the Sikh occupation of Hazara region which resulted in their properties/ land being usurped by Sikh armies. According to Ni'mat Allah al-Harawi in History of the Afghans , Tareen had three sons namely: Tor, Spin (Aspin or Speen) and Awdal/Born Tareen/Abdali . Their descendants today have adopted

57-473: A small section of the Spin clan of Tareens living east of Quetta speaks the unique Wanetsi (Tareeno) dialect of Pashto, which is considered by some linguists to be distinctive enough to be classified as its own language. According to linguist Prods Oktor Skjaervo : "The Pashto area split into two dialect groups at a pre-literary period, represented today on the one hand by all the dialects of modern Pashto and on

76-431: Is considered one of the most prestigious varieties of Pashto. This dialect retains archaic retroflex sibilants [ʂ] and [ʐ] , which have merged into other phonemes in other dialects. Southern Pashto also preserves the affricates [t͡s] and [d͡z] , which have merged into [s] and [z] in some dialects. The Tareen (Tarin) tribe is historically closely related to Durranis. Although most Tareens speak Southern Pashto,

95-733: Is now regarded as the founder of the modern state of Afghanistan. Within a few years, he extended his control from Khorasan in the west to Kashmir and North India in the east, and from the Amu Darya in the north to the Arabian Sea in the south. In 1823, Emir Dost Mohammad Khan , who belonged to the Barakzai tribe of Durranis, founded the Barakzai dynasty centered at Kabul . Thereafter, his descendants ruled in direct succession until 1929 when King Amanullah Khan , under whom Afghanistan gained independence over its foreign policy from

114-658: The British Raj , was forced to abdicate and his cousin Mohammed Nadir Shah was later elected king. The Barakzai dynasty ruled present-day Afghanistan until 1973 when Mohammed Zahir Shah , the last Barakzai king, was overthrown in a bloodless coup by his cousin Mohammed Daoud Khan . The coup ended the Barakzai kingdom and established the Republic of Afghanistan (1973—1978) . Contemporarily,

133-578: The Durrani Empire based in Kandahar , he adopted the epithet Shāh Durr-i-Durrān , "King, Pearl of Pearls," and changed the name of his Tareen Abdali tribe to "Durrani" after himself. According to linguist Georg Morgenstierne , the tribal name Abdālī may have "something to do with" the Hephthalite. This hypothesis was endorsed by historian Aydogdy Kurbanov , who indicated that after

152-644: The ethnogenesis of Durrani Pashtuns: "The Pashtuns began as a union of largely East Iranian tribes ... dating from the middle of the first millennium CE, and ... connected ... [to] dissolution of the Hephthalite confederacy... Of the contribution of the Hephthalites to the ethnogenesis of the Pashtuns, we find evidence in the ethnonym of the largest of the Pashtun tribe unions, the Abdali ... associated with

171-482: The tradition of Israelite descent among Pashtuns, which shows that the tradition was already popular among 16th-century Pashtuns. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the Abdali were primarily pastoralists , not known for agricultural activities, but some of them were engaged in overland trade. Abdali and Tareen (a Pashtun tribe related to Abdalis) chieftains were patronized by both Safavid and Mughal appointed governors, and asked to patrol travel routes to ensure

190-662: The Mohammadzai is Pashto , more specifically the Southern (Kandahari) dialect of Pashto. Dari is also used as the language for records and correspondence. From 1823 to 1978, rulers of Afghanistan belonged to the two branches of one Barakzai dynasty descending from the chiefs of the Barakzai tribe (belonging to the Mohammadzai). Durrani The Durrānī ( Pashto : دراني , pronounced [durɑˈni] ), formerly known as Abdālī ( ابدالي ), are one of

209-470: The collapse of the Hephthalite confederacy, they likely assimilated into different local populations and that the Abdali may be one of the tribes of Hephthalite origin. 19th-century British Indian explorers, Charles Masson and Henry W. Bellew , also suggested that there was a direct relationship between Abdalis and Hephthalites. Joseph T. Arlinghaus referred to a Syriac chronicle from c. 555 CE, which mentions Khulas , Abdel , and Ephthalite as three of

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228-685: The ethnic name of the Hephthalites... The Siah-posh , the Kafirs ... of the Hindu Kush , [still] called all Pashtuns ... Abdal ... at the beginning of the 19th century." Abdur Rashīd (meaning "Servant of the Guide to the Right Path" or "Servant of God" in Arabic ). Abdur Rashid returned to Ghor and introduced Islam there. The book stated that Abdur Rashid's great-grandson, Tareen, had three sons: "One

247-632: The former Afghan president Hamid Karzai (2001–2014), like Ahmad Shah Durrani, also belongs to the Popalzai clan of Durranis. The current leader of the Taliban - Hibatullah Akhundzada is a member of Nurzai Panjpai . Although many are bilingual in Dari Persian , the Durrani of southern Afghanistan speak Southern Pashto , also known as "Kandahari Pashto", the "soft" dialect of Pashto . It

266-475: The largest tribes of Pashtuns . Their traditional homeland is in southern Afghanistan ( Loy Kandahar region), straddling into Toba Achakzai in Balochistan , Pakistan , but they are also settled in other parts of Afghanistan and parts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa . Ahmad Shah Durrani , who is considered the founder of the modern state of Afghanistan, belonged to the Abdali tribe. In 1747 after establishing

285-581: The names above as tribal identities and are known as Tor Tareen, Spin Tareen and Bor Tareen. These three major clans are further divided into smaller units. The principal languages of Tareen are Tareeno and Pashto and Urdu Punjabi in Pakistan. Tareens primarily live in Pishin , Dukki , Loralai , Quetta , Mastung , and Harnai districts of Balochistan , while smaller populations are spread all over

304-564: The nomadic tribes from the "lands of the Huns ." Arlinghaus linked the "Khulas" and the "Abdel" to the Khalaj (modern Ghilji ) and the Abdali (modern Durrani), respectively, arguing that the relationship between the Hephthalite, the Khalaj, and the Abdali may date back as far as the sixth century. Yu. V. Gankovsky, a Soviet historian on Afghanistan, also asserted that the Hephthalite contributed to

323-555: The other by Wanetsi and by archaic remains in other southeast dialects." Tareen The Tareen (or Tarin ) ( Pashto : ترین ) is a Pashtun tribe inhabiting southern Afghanistan , and western region of Pakistan . Much of the tribe continues to live in their native lands in the southern parts of Afghanistan and Pishin in Baluchistan , Pakistan . During the reign of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan (1628 to 1658)

342-409: The safety of merchant caravans passing through Kandahar, which was a province located on a strategic trade corridor linking Hindustan , Iran , and Turkestan . In 1747, Ahmad Shah Durrani established the Durrani Empire with its capital at Kandahar . He adopted the title Shāh Durr-i-Durrān , "King, Pearl of Pearls," and changed the name of his tribe "Abdali" to "Durrani" after himself. Ahmad Shah

361-589: Was black in complexion, and he was named Tōr (meaning "black" in Pashto); the other was white in complexion, and he was named Spīn (meaning "white" in Pashto); his third son was named Abdāl (or Awdāl )." The first two sons were the progenitors of modern Tareens , who are closely related to Durranis and are divided into two clans (Tor Tareen and Spin Tareen), while the third son was the progenitor of modern Durranis. The 1595 Mughal account Ain-i-Akbari also mentioned

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