The Kucadɨkadɨ are a band of Eastern Mono Northern Paiute people who live near Mono Lake in Mono County, California . They are the southernmost band of Northern Paiute.
14-537: Kucadɨkadɨ means "eaters of the brine fly pupae". They are also known as the Kutsavidökadö, Koza'bittukut'teh, Kotsa'va, Mono Lake Paiute, Mono Basin Paiute, and Kuzedika, while the tribe itself calls themselves Kootzaduka’a. The term "Mono Lake Paiute," a holdover from early anthropological literature , has proven problematic. The term "Mono" is from a Yokutsan loanword from the tribe's southwestern neighbors,
28-684: A diverse array of seashore and wetland habitats including hot springs , petroleum pools , salt pools, alkaline lakes , marshes . Imago are phytophagous , sometimes feeding on microscopic algae and bacteria ( Paracoenia , Ephydra ), or predatory ( Ochthera , Ephydrinae). As larvae, many are phytophagous, grazing on aquatic plants (including cultivated rice), others are algal grazers or saprophagous . Larvae of Trimerina are predatory. Some species are an important food source for other animals. Others cause damage to agricultural crops. Larvae of some Ephydridae live in very unusual habitats. For example, Ephydra brucei lives in hot springs and geysers where
42-670: Is a family of insects in the order Diptera . Shore flies are tiny flies that can be found near seashores or at smaller inland waters, such as ponds. About 2,000 species have been described worldwide, including Ochthera . The petroleum fly , Helaeomyia petrolei , is the only known insect whose larvae live in naturally occurring crude petroleum . Another notable species is Ephydra hians which lives in vast number at Mono Lake . For terms, see Morphology of Diptera . The flies are minute to small (0.9 to 7.0 mm), with black or gray colorations. Wings are sometimes patterned. Costa with two interruptions are present in first section, near
56-655: Is a high piedmont area of the Sierra Nevada , the average elevation in the Mono Lake basin is around 6,400 feet (2,000 m) above sea level. The surrounding mountains range from 9,000 to 13,000 ft (2,700 to 4,000 m) in elevation. Mono Lake is extremely saline and is home to several waterfowl species and the brine fly, or Ephydra hians or Hydropyrus hians , from which the band takes its name. Pinus monophylla or piñon pine has been an important source of food, as were jackrabbits, deer, mountain sheep, and
70-486: Is reduced to a cephalic skeleton, there are no anterior spiracles and the posterior spiracles are extended as spines. The other taxa have larvae similar to the Sciomyzidae , with the posterior spiracles at the apices of divergent branches from a common base. They may be differentiated by short thoracic segments (like the abdominal ones) and by the absence of a ventral arch linking the mouth hooks. Ephydridae occupy
84-503: The Yokuts , who designated the band living around Mono Lake as monachie/monoache (" fly people") because fly larvae were their chief food staple and trading article. Later researchers believed this term referred to both the Kucadɨkadɨ and their southern Mono neighbors who now bear this name. Most confusingly, while Mono stuck to the unrelated people to the south, it also correctly stuck to
98-634: The Kucadɨkadɨ band are enrolled in federally recognized Bishop Paiute , Washoe , Yokut , Miwok , and Western Mono tribes. Others are seeking recognition as the Sierra Southern Miwuk and the Mono Lake Indian Community, headquartered in Lee Vining, California . Brine fly Discomyzinae Ephydrinae Gymnomyzinae Hydrelliinae Ilytheinae Ephydridae ( shore fly , sometimes brine fly )
112-653: The Northern Paiute language is connected to the language of the Shoshoni, who live in Death Valley, and east and north California, as well as that of the Kawaiisu and Ute people , who live in southern California, Nevada, Utah, and Arizona. The band is well known for its basketry, they wove coiled baskets as well as twined baskets. Bracken fern and redbud provide color for designs on coiled baskets. In
126-643: The band up to 1920. The Kucadɨkadɨ speak the Northern Paiute language , which is in the Numic branch of the Uto-Aztecan language family. The Numu (Northern Paiute) language is spoken by a wide number of different tribes, residing across the western United States, from Mono Lake in eastern California, and extending into Nevada, Oregon, and Idaho. Extending further in the United States of America,
140-439: The coloradia Pandora moth. The extended family formed the band's basic social units, which moved together as a group. They traded with Owens Valley Paiute and Western Mono . Three late 19th-century winter houses belonging to the tribe have been excavated by archaeologists. They are conical houses constructed with posts of Utah juniper or Juniperus osteosperma . Winter houses of this type, called tomogani , were built by
154-406: The humeral cross-vein and again near the end of vein 1. The second basal cell is not separated from the discal cell. Arista are bare or with hairs on the upper side (plumose on the upper side). The mouth opening is very large in some species. The ratio of vertical diameter of eye and height of gena (face index) is widely used in identification of individual species. In the tribe Notiphilini the head
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#1732773285738168-900: The lake around which the Kucad i kad i live. Lamb gives the Mono language name as kwicathyhka', " larvae eaters", or Mono Lake Paviotso. The Yosemite-Mono Lake Paiute group trace the origins of the Ahwahnichi, the original inhabitants of the park, to Chief Tenaya’s group, which is the band documented in Bunnell’s accounts. Andrews said that Tenaya led a band of Paiutes that migrated from the Mono Lake area and settled in villages in Yosemite. The Kucadɨkadɨ's homeland surrounds Mono Lake in eastern California , but they traditionally traveled to Walker Lake, Nevada for seasonal subsistence activities. Mono Lake
182-432: The late 19th and early 20th centuries, encroachment of non-Natives in their territory disrupted traditional hunting and gathering lifestyles, so members of the tribe relied on the tourist trade. Selling elaborate baskets to non-Indian tourists became a viable way of making a living. Glass beads were introduced by non-natives, and Kucadɨkadɨ women began incorporating the seed beads into their baskets by 1908. Many members of
196-871: The water temperature exceeds 45 degrees Celsius; some Scatella live in hot sulphur springs; Helaeomyia petrolei develops in pools of crude oil; and Ephydra cinerea , the brine fly proper, in pools with very high concentrations of salt. Some have public health significance being associated with sewage filter beds and septic tanks. Flies develop in moist soils or mine leaves of aquatic, subaquatic, and rarely dry soil ( Hydrellia ) plants. Flies are found near water along coasts, among aquatic vegetation and sometimes on water surfaces ( Ephydra ). Curtonotidae Drosophilidae + Camillidae Ephydridae Diastatidae sensu lato Curtonotidae + Drosophilidae Campichoetidae Ephydridae+ Camillidae Diastatidae Lee Vining, California Too Many Requests If you report this error to
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