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37-730: KMDB started as the Tank Design Team of the Kharkiv Locomotive Factory Komintern (KhPZ, now Malyshev Factory ) in 1927, in Kharkiv , Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic , and was responsible for the T-12 and T-24 light tanks. In the 1930s, the design team was designated as the independent T2K Tank Design Bureau, and began work on the BT tank series. In 1936 the plant was re-designated "Plant No. 183", and

74-417: A laser range-finder for accurate range information and ballistics computer to improve accuracy. An improved gun control system is also fitted. The secondary armament consists of an external 12.7 mm anti-aircraft machine gun mounted on the roof of the turret, which can be aimed and fired from inside the tank, and a 7.62 mm coaxial machine gun. The Al-Zarrar is powered by an upgraded version of

111-406: A Pakistani DU (depleted uranium) round, the 125 mm Naiza. Naiza is capable of penetrating 550 mm of RHA armour at a distance of 2 km. The gun has a dual-axis stabilization system and thermal imaging sights integrated into the fire-control system for the commander and gunner, giving it enhanced night-time target acquisition capabilities. The image stabilized fire-control system includes

148-804: A handful of multi-turreted T-35 tanks. Shortly before the German invasion of the Soviet Union the KhPZ started series production of the T-34 , the most-produced tank of World War II . Series production began in June 1940 in Kharkov, and later in the Stalingrad Tractor Plant and Krasnoye Sormovo Shipbuilding Plant. In 1941, due to German advances, the factory and design shops were evacuated to

185-457: A move seen to be an election gift to Kharkiv Oblast . Malyshev joined as the leader of thirty-four companies to form an export consortium called Ukrainian Armored Vehicles . Malyshev has demonstrated main battle tanks to Turkey, Greece, and Malaysia, and has entered into a contract to supply engines for Chinese-made Al-Khalid tanks for Pakistan. In September 2000, a deal was signed to modernize Soviet-made tanks and armoured personnel carries for

222-535: A renowned project manager, Engineer Mahmood Khan. The first batch of 88 Al-Zarrars were delivered to the Pakistan Army on 26 February 2004 and General Pervez Musharraf attended the delivery ceremony. Al-Zarrar's primary armament is a 125 mm smoothbore tank gun with an autofrettaged , chrome-plated gun barrel. It is a Chinese non-licensed clone of 2A46 capable of firing APFSDS , HEAT -FS and HE -FS rounds as well as anti-tank guided missiles and

259-684: Is a second generation main battle tank (MBT), currently in the services of the Pakistan Army since 2004. The tank is named after Muslim warrior Zarrar bin Al-Azwar . It is a highly upgraded version of Pakistan's ageing Chinese Type 59 tanks (a design that in turn was based on the Soviet T-54A from the mid-1950s), developed with Ukrainian assistance and manufactured by the Heavy Industries Taxila (HIT) –

296-762: Is best known for its production of Soviet tanks , including the BT tank series of fast tanks, the famous T-34 of the Second World War, the Cold War T-64 and T-80 , and their modern Ukrainian successor, the T-84 . The factory is closely associated with the Morozov Design Bureau (KMDB), designer of military armoured fighting vehicles and the Kharkov Engine Design Bureau (KEDB) for engines. In 1958, it developed

333-1124: The Al-Khalid main battle tank, and has assisted with Pakistan's Al-Zarrar tank project. The T-84 entered service with the Military of Ukraine in 1999, and the more advanced Oplot version in 2001. The tank is actively marketed for export, and can incorporate Russian countermeasure systems and a French fire-control system. The T-84-120 and Yatagan has been developed employing an auto-loaded 120mm tank gun which fires NATO ammunition as well as anti-tank guided missiles . Versions have seen trials in Greece , Turkey , and Malaysia . KMDB also produces military tractors , trainers and simulators, and upgrade packages for Soviet tanks and armoured personnel carriers . KMDB's BTR-4 armoured personnel carrier has been supplied to Iraq. Malyshev Factory The Malyshev Factory ( Ukrainian : Завод імені В.О. Малишева , romanized :  Zavod imeni V.O. Malysheva ; abbreviated ЗІМ , ZIM ), formerly

370-615: The Kharkov Locomotive Factory (Russian: Харьковский паровозостроительный завод , romanized:  Khar'kovskiy parovozostroitel'nyy zavod , ХПЗ , KhPZ ), is a state-owned manufacturer of heavy equipment in Kharkiv , Ukraine . It was named after the Soviet politician Vyacheslav Malyshev . The factory is part of the state concern, Ukroboronprom . It produces diesel engines , farm machinery , coal mining , sugar refining , and wind farm equipment, but

407-600: The Kharkovchanka , an off-road vehicle which reached the South Pole the following year. At its height during the Soviet era, the factory employed 60,000 of Kharkov's 1.5 million inhabitants. As of 2015 , 5,000 people worked at the factory. The factory was renamed several times. First originally named in Russian , English-language sources variously refer to it as factory , plant , or works , though now use

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444-705: The T-34 , the most-produced and one of the best known tanks of World War II. Series production began in June 1940 in Kharkiv, and followed by production at the Stalingrad Tractor Plant and the Sormovo Shipbuilding Plant in Gorky . In the same year, Koshkin died and Alexander Morozov was appointed Chief Designer of the T-34 Main Design Bureau (GKB T-34), a post he would hold for the remaining thirty-six years of his life. In 1939,

481-707: The Ukrainian translation of the word zavod (works) . The Kharkov Locomotive Factory (KhPZ) built about 20% of the Russian Empire 's railway engines . After the Russian Revolution and the establishment of the Soviet government in Ukraine , the factory was put to work designing and building tractors and, after 1927, tanks . The Leningrad 's Bolshevik Factory and the Kharkov's KhPZ in 1929 became

518-631: The Ural Mountains ; the plant was merged with Uralvagonzavod in Nizhny Tagil into one enterprise called Ural Tank Plant No. 183. After Soviet victory over the Germans, it began production of the new T-44 tank in 1945, and the first prototypes of the T-54 . After the war was over, the design bureau and factory gradually transferred all operations back to Kharkov. The "No. 183" designation

555-566: The 1472 kW 2D100 (used in the TE3 locomotive) and the 2208 kW 10D100 (used in the TE10 locomotive). Both were 10 cylinder opposed piston two-stroke diesel engines of the 1950s. Another engine in this series, the 12 cylinder 9D100 was less successful and was not widely used. 49°58′11″N 36°16′51″E  /  49.96972°N 36.28083°E  / 49.96972; 36.28083 Al-Zarrar The Al-Zarrar ( Urdu : الضرار),

592-722: The KB-60M Design Bureau in Kharkiv. During the post-war period, Morozov turned over further development of the T-54/55 to the Leonid N. Kartsev Design Bureau at Uralvagonzavod, and began work on a next-generation main battle tank, which would become the T-64 , for which Morozov would receive the Order of Lenin . Factory No. 75, renamed Malyshev Plant in 1957, built tank engines, and later took up production of T-54, T-55 (1958,

629-772: The Kharkiv Machine Building Design Bureau (KMDB). In 1979, after the death of Morozov, it was renamed in his honor. KMDB designed the T-80UD, a diesel-engined variant of the gas turbine-powered T-80 , in 1985. After the break-up of the Soviet Union, KMDB and the Malyshev factory became the main tank design and manufacture enterprise in Ukraine. However, they were highly dependent on manufacture of components in Russian facilities, especially

666-580: The Malyshev Factory specializing in engines and transmissions. The Malyshev factory's million-square-metre facility produced 800 tanks in 1991, but underwent difficult times after the breakup of the Soviet Union, producing only 46 tanks until 1996, when a $ 650 M contract was signed to supply 320 T-80 UD tanks to Pakistan . Fulfilling the contract was difficult — the distributed nature of Soviet military industry forced reliance on Russian factories for parts, and Russian political interference forced

703-835: The Malyshev Factory had a sizable tank scrapping operation. Since the outbreak of the War in Donbass the factory's main focus became supplying new and rehabilitated tanks to the Ukrainian Army. On 22 July 2014 the factory was used as a transfer point in returning the bodies from the Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 crash to their home countries. The factory was struck by Russian missiles in March 2022, December 2022, and February 2023. Locomotive production

740-570: The Pakistan Army, who selected the final version of the tank, dubbed Al-Zarrar. By mid 2004, it was expected that 50 AL-Zarrar tanks would be exported to other countries. The Al-Zarrar is a modern MBT developed and manufactured by HIT of Pakistan for the Pakistan Army. An upgraded variant of the Chinese Type 59 tank, the Al-Zarrar is cost-effective modern replacement for the Type 59 fleet of

777-439: The Pakistan Army. Equipped with modern armament , fire control and ballistic protection, the Al-Zarrar upgrade is also offered by HIT to the armies of foreign countries to upgrade their T-54 / T-55 or Type 59 tanks to Al-Zarrar standard. 54 modifications made to the Type 59 make the Al-Zarrar effectively a new tank. The Al-Zarrar development programme started in 1990. HIT began mass production of Al-Zarrar on 6 May 2003 under

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814-549: The Type 59s. It is the most plentiful tank in Pakistan's arsenal, with over 500 units in service and an additional 600 Type-59s to be upgraded. Attempts were made to export the Al-Zarrar to the Bangladesh Army in 2008 to replace its massive fleet of Type 59 tanks through the technology transfer . However, Bangladesh Army later upgraded its Type-59 tanks to Type 59 Durjoy , Pakistan Army remained its sole operator. It

851-677: The Type-59's original liquid-cooled 12-cylinder diesel engine , boosting the power output from 580 horsepower to 730 hp (540 kW) and torque output of 305 kg.m at 1300–1400 rpm. A combat weight of 40 tonnes gives Al-Zarrar a power-to-weight ratio of 18.3 hp/tonne and a top speed of 65 km/h. Crew comfort is improved over the Type 59 by a modified torsion bar suspension system. Al-Zarrar uses modular composite armour and explosive reactive armour to give improved protection from anti-tank missiles, mines and other weapons. The Pakistani ATCOP LTS-1 laser threat warning system

888-627: The United Arab Emirates. The Malyshev factory also manufactures parts for Bizon , a Polish producer of agricultural combines. In April 2009, the Malyshev Factory signed a contract to upgrade 29 T-64B [Т-64Б] tanks to T-64BM "Bulat" [Т-64БМ "Булат"] standard, for the Ukrainian Army for ₴200 million ($ 25.1 million). Ten upgraded tanks were delivered in 2010, and 19 planned to be delivered in 2011. The T-64B tanks being upgraded were originally produced at Kharkov in 1980. In 2012

925-544: The Uralvagonzavod factory in Nizhny Tagil. In 1996, Ukraine and Pakistan signed a $ 650 million contract for delivery of 320 T-80UD tanks. Deliveries were hampered by politically motivated problems with supply of Russian components. Ukraine was forced to develop new manufacturing capabilities and the contract was concluded in 1999. KMDB then began supplying Pakistan with the 6TD-2 diesel engine for installation on

962-414: The design bureau "KB-190". The plant also produced small quantities of multi-turreted T-35 tanks, and had a separate design bureau (KB-35) to assist in their development. In 1937, a separate design bureau was established to build a replacement for the BT tank series, under the supervision of Mikhail Koshkin . Koshkin pushed the boundaries of the specification given to him, and further development led to

999-521: The development of local capabilities, resulting in the T-84 tank design. Like many Ukrainian industries, Malyshev was not allowed to negotiate contracts directly with foreign governments, but had to rely on Ukrspetsexport , a government arms-trading company. Although Malyshev was denied exporter status in July 1999, it was given this status by decree of President Leonid Kuchma in November of that year,

1036-489: The first two Soviet tank factories to be modernized with German assistance under the Treaty of Rapallo, 1922 . A tank design bureau was established in the factory in 1928, one of several which would be responsible for some of the most successful tanks ever built, and eventually become the Morozov Design Bureau . The KhPZ designed and produced twenty-five T-24 tanks, then nearly eight thousand BT fast tanks . It also built

1073-519: The hub of Pakistani tanks and tracked vehicles, featuring a 125 mm smoothbore gun as primary weapon. The Al-Zarrar can achieve a maximum speed of 65 km (40 mi) per hour, weighs around 44 tons and has a four-man crew: commander, gunner, loader and driver. Although the upgrade program started in 1990 the Al-Zarrar did not enter military service with the Pakistan Army Armoured Corps until 2004, gradually replacing

1110-574: The most-produced tank ever), and T-64 (from 1967) tanks. The T-64 was also built in the Leningrad Kirov Plant and Uralvagonzavod Plant. In the 1960s the bureau also designed OT-54 and TO-55 flame-thrower tanks, for production at the Omsk Transport Machine Construction Plant. In 1966, the tank design bureau (Department 60) and experimental tank production shop (Shop 190) were combined into

1147-811: The most-produced tank ever. The bureau also designed OT-54 and TO-55 flame-thrower tanks, for production at the Omsk Transport Machine Construction Plant . In 1967, T-64 tank production began here, as well as in the Kirov Plant and in the Uralvagonzavod. The T-80 tank, with a high performance gas turbine engine was produced beginning in 1983, followed in 1985 by a more conventional diesel model, T-80UD. Finished tanks were assembled in several plants, but Soviet industrial planning prevented any region from being able to establish independent arms production. Components and sub-assemblies were produced in different factories,

Kharkiv Morozov Machine Building Design Bureau - Misplaced Pages Continue

1184-613: The tank design bureaux of Kharkiv were merged into a single agency called Department 520. In 1941, due to German advances, the factory and design shops were evacuated to the Ural mountains . The plant was combined with the Uralvagonzavod Plant in Nizhny Tagil into one enterprise called Urals Tank Plant No. 183 . Although design improvements and production continued to concentrate on the T-34 and improved T-34-85, new design work

1221-427: The upgrade programme was completed in 1997. The second phase started in 1998 when HIT began development and testing of a new tank, a Type 59 re-built with over 50 modifications, resulting in three prototypes with slightly differing specifications (different fire-control systems, for example). Many systems originally developed for HIT's Al-Khalid MBT were incorporated. The prototypes underwent extensive testing by HIT and

1258-455: Was also continued during the war. The T-44 began production in the recaptured Kharkiv factory in 1945, and the first prototypes of the T-54 were built. After the war was over, the factory gradually transferred operations back to Ukraine (now named "Kharkiv Diesel Factory No. 75"). T-54 production was started in the Urals and Kharkiv in 1947–48, and the move ended with the 1951 establishment of

1295-426: Was decided by the Pakistan Army that their inventory of Chinese origin Type 59 tanks was too large to be discarded and replaced, so a phased upgrade programme was started by Heavy Industries Taxila (HIT) in 1990. The idea was to upgrade the firepower, mobility and protection of the Type 59 to allow it to compete on the modern battlefield at a fraction of the cost of a modern main battle tank (MBT) . The first phase of

1332-540: Was left in Nizhny Tagil, while in Kharkov the factory merged into Factory No. 75, a previously existing plant known for its T-34 diesel engines. T-54 production was started in the Urals and Kharkov in 1947–1948, and the move ended with the 1951 re-establishment of the Design Bureau, now called KB-60M, in Kharkov. In 1957, the Factory No. 75 was renamed Malyshev Plant, and next year it took up production of T-55 ,

1369-497: Was performed from 1897 to 1969. Until the invasion of Soviet Union by Germany in 1941, the factory was producing steam locomotives which were produced on several factories of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union . After the war and rebuilding of the factory in 1947, it produced diesel locomotives until 1969. Specialized in tank building, the factory also was manufacturing artillery tractors, while initially as agricultural tractors. Notable diesel engines from Kharkov include

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