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79-593: Its lower course "twists and turns its way between Trier and Koblenz along one of Germany's most beautiful river valleys." In this section the land to the north is the Eifel which stretches into Belgium ; to the south lies the Hunsrück . The river flows through a region that was cultivated by the Romans. Today, its hillsides are covered by terraced vineyards where "some of the best Rieslings grow". Many castle ruins sit on

158-480: A common Germany–Luxembourg sovereign area with a division of responsibilities set out in a 1976 agreement. The International Moselle Company, initially set up in 1957 to finance the construction of the river's upgrade, manages the shipping charges and the operation and maintenance of the waterway which they are used to fund. Today the Moselle is navigable for large cargo ships up to 110 metres (360 ft) long from

237-545: A drive to cross the Moselle at Dieulouard and split the German forces. Under the orders of Major General Manton S. Eddy, the 80th Infantry Division was given the objective of establishing a bridgehead that would allow Combat Command A (CCA) of the 4th Armored Division to advance into the rear of German forces and encircle the city of Nancy. On September 13, 1944, the 80th Division launched their assault accompanied by extensive artillery and air support, which helped to suppress

316-561: A fess wavy Or, sinister argent a cross patriarchal gules, in base vert a bunch of grapes slipped of the second. The charge on the dexter (armsbearer's right, viewer's left) side refers to the picturesque ruin across the Moselle from the village, on the right bank. It is what is left of the Stuben Augustinian Convent. The double cross ( Patriarchal cross ) on the sinister (armsbearer's left, viewer's right) side

395-473: A hollow midway along the Moselle valley, with the most significant portion of the city on the east bank of the river. Wooded and vineyard -covered slopes stretch up to the Hunsrück plateau in the south and the Eifel in the north. The border with the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg is some 15 km (9 mi) away. Listed in clockwise order, beginning with the northernmost; all municipalities belong to

474-486: A journey from Bingen over the Hunsrück hills to the Moselle and then following its course to Trier on the road named after him, the Via Ausonia. Ausonius describes flourishing and rich landscapes along the river and in the valley of the Moselle, thanks to the policies of their Roman rulers. The river subsequently gave its name to two French republican départements : Moselle and Meurthe-et-Moselle . The source of

553-517: A major decline in the number of so-called Nebenerwerbswinzer (vintners for whom it is a secondary occupation), and the small, family farming operations that, until the end of the 1960s formed the majority of wine businesses. Comparative figures by the Chamber of Agriculture for Rhineland-Palatinate for several wine villages on the Lower Moselle show that there were still 797 wine businesses in

632-944: A more nuanced view of Moselle wine that, a few years before, had been characterised by overproduction, label scandals and cheap offers. On 10 November 2006 in Burg , the Moselle Regional Initiative was founded. The introduction of the Moselle as an umbrella brand was based on that of the Eifel region and covers products and services from the areas of agriculture, forestry, tourism, handicrafts and nature. Trier Trier ( / t r ɪər / TREER , German: [tʁiːɐ̯] ; Luxembourgish : Tréier [ˈtʀəɪɐ] ), formerly and traditionally known in English as Trèves ( / t r ɛ v / TREV , French: [tʁɛv] ) and Triers (see also names in other languages ),

711-608: A path running for 365 km (227 mi) from Perl on the Upper Moselle to Koblenz . Numerous Moselle Trail "partner trails", the so-called side branches ( Seitensprünge ) and "dream paths" ( Traumpfade ) enhance the hiking network in the Moselle Valley. The ADAC 's Rallye Deutschland has taken place since 2000 in the vineyards along the Moselle at Veldenz , Dhron , Piesport , Minheim , Kesten , Trittenheim , Fell , Ruwertal and Trier . At Koblenz Locks

790-485: A slope of roughly 65° is Europe ’s steepest vineyard location. This stretches along the Moselle from Ediger-Eller to Bremm, and is part of the Mosel wine region . In 1051, Bremm had its first documentary mention as Brembe . Nevertheless, Bremm would seem to be considerably older. Many finds at the south slope lying south of Bremm have led to the conclusion that the place was settled as early as Roman times. Possibly in

869-592: Is a city on the banks of the Moselle in Germany . It lies in a valley between low vine-covered hills of red sandstone in the west of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate , near the border with Luxembourg and within the important Moselle wine region . Founded by the Romans in the late 1st century BC as Augusta Treverorum ("The City of Augustus among the Treveri "), Trier is considered Germany's oldest city. It

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948-499: Is a south-facing slope with extremely favourable climatic conditions. The Romans’ name also yields the modern name, “Calmont”. The slopes, set at between 50 and 55°, are Europe's steepest vineyard terraces. Grown here are most outstanding Riesling wines, which at both state and federal levels achieve high awards. The greatest part of the vineyards and lands formerly belonged to the Stuben Augustinian Convent. Winegrowing has been throughout time an important economic activity and still

1027-583: Is also car-free as part of Happy Moselle Day. A number of notable castles and ruins adorn the heights above the Moselle valley and many are visible on a boat trip on the Moselle. In 1910, a hiking trail, the Moselle Ridgeway, was established which runs for 185 km (115 mi) on the Eifel side and 262 km (163 mi) on the Hunsrück side. Another unusual trail runs from Ediger-Eller via

1106-795: Is also the oldest seat of a bishop north of the Alps . Trier was one of the four capitals of the Roman Empire during the Tetrarchy period in the late 3rd and early 4th centuries. In the Middle Ages , the archbishop-elector of Trier was an important prince of the Church who controlled land from the French border to the Rhine . The archbishop-elector of Trier also had great significance as one of

1185-453: Is among the now 970 inhabitants. A considerable rôle is played by the marketing of bottled Qualitätswein and Prädikatswein . The roughly 100 ha of vineyards within Bremm's municipal area is shared among five individual vineyard operators – Einzellagen – since the reapportionment: Calmont, Abtei Kloster Stuben, Frauenberg, Schlemmertröpfchen and Laurentiusberg. For a few years now,

1264-717: Is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde , a kind of collective municipality – in the Cochem-Zell district in Rhineland-Palatinate , Germany . It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Cochem , whose seat is in the like-named town . The municipality lies at a bow in the river Moselle between Trier and Koblenz , among the sloped vineyards of the Calmont , which with an elevation of 380 m above sea level and

1343-788: Is an important waterway and is also used for river cruises. A new passenger railway service on the western side of the Mosel is scheduled to open in December 2024. Major sports clubs in Trier include: Trier is a fellow member of the QuattroPole union of cities, along with Luxembourg , Saarbrücken and Metz (neighbouring countries: Luxembourg and France ). Trier is twinned with: Heinz Monz: Trierer Biographisches Lexikon . Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz, Koblenz 2000. 539 p.  ISBN   3-931014-49-5 . Bremm Bremm

1422-461: Is high despite not being on the coast. As a result of the European heat wave in 2003 , the highest temperature recorded was 39 °C on 8 August of that year. On 25 July 2019, a record-breaking temperature of 40.6 °C was recorded. The lowest recorded temperature was −19.3 °C on February 2, 1956. Trier is known for its well-preserved Roman and medieval buildings, which include: Trier

1501-786: Is home to the University of Trier , founded in 1473, closed in 1796 and restarted in 1970. The city also has the Trier University of Applied Sciences . The Academy of European Law (ERA) was established in 1992 and provides training in European law to legal practitioners. In 2010 there were about 40 Kindergärten , 25 primary schools and 23 secondary schools in Trier, such as the Humboldt Gymnasium Trier , Max Planck Gymnasium , Auguste Viktoria Gymnasium , Angela Merici Gymnasium , Friedrich Wilhelm Gymnasium and

1580-532: Is on German soil in the states of Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland ; the Luxembourg part has an area of about 1,300 ha (3,200 acres) (see Wine in Luxembourg ). Upstream on the Moselle the vineyards extend into France as far as Seille in the region of Côtes de Moselle with an area of 130 ha (320 acres) and to the region around Toul ( Côtes de Toul ) covering 110 ha (270 acres). The German Moselle wine region, including its tributaries, bears

1659-688: Is on the Moselle, at the site of the France–Germany–Luxembourg tripoint, that the Schengen Agreement was signed in 1985, leading to the abolishment of border controls within the Schengen Area . The Moselle valley between Metz and Thionville is an industrial area, with coal mining and steel manufacturers. The Moselle valley is famous for its scenery and wine. Most well-known is the German Mosel wine region , while

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1738-773: Is the Middle Moselle , the section between Pünderich and its mouth in Koblenz as the Lower Moselle or Terraced Moselle ( Terrassenmosel ). Characteristic of the Middle and Lower Moselle are its wide meanders cut deeply into the highlands of the Rhenish Massif , the most striking of which is the Cochemer Krampen between Bremm and Cochem . Also typical are its vineyard terraces. From the tripoint

1817-579: The Calmont Trail to Bremm through the steepest vineyard in Europe. Before the construction of barrages the Moselle was a popular route for folding kayaks which is why many of the weirs have boat channels. The river is still used today by canoeists , especially during the annual week-long lock closures when no commercial shipping is permitted. In April 2014 the Moselle Trail was opened,

1896-756: The French Government "to initiate, before the establishment of the Common Market , negotiations with the governments concerned in order to achieve a rapid implementation of the canalisation of the Moselle between Thionville and Koblenz . The River was canalised between Metz and Thionville , via a canal opened in 1964 by the Grand Duchess, Charlotte of Luxembourg , the Federal Chancellor of Germany, Konrad Adenauer and their host, Charles de Gaulle , President of France. It

1975-500: The Mosellum offers exhibitions about the migration of fish in the Moselle as well as water ecology, navigation and power generation. With the construction of the visitor and information centre the most modern fish ladder along the Moselle was opened. The Moselle winegrowing region lies along the Moselle with a cultivated area of about 10,540 ha (26,000 acres). The largest part, currently just under 9,000 ha (22,000 acres),

2054-847: The Nelson-Mandela Realschule Plus , Kurfürst-Balduin Realschule Plus , Realschule Plus Ehrang . Trier has a municipal theatre, Theater Trier , for musical theatre, plays and dance. Trier station has direct railway connections to many cities in the region. The nearest cities by train are Cologne, Saarbrücken and Luxembourg. Via the motorways A 1 , A 48 and A 64 Trier is linked with Koblenz, Saarbrücken and Luxembourg. The nearest commercial (international) airports are in Luxembourg (0:40 h by car), Frankfurt-Hahn (1:00 h), Saarbrücken (1:00 h), Frankfurt (2:00 h) and Cologne/Bonn (2:00 h). The Moselle

2133-641: The Quaternary period, the Rhenish Massif slowly rose, the meanders of the Moselle were formed between the Trier Valley and the Neuwied Basin . The highest navigable water level (HSW) is 6.95 m (22 ft 10 in) and normal level (NSt) is 2.00 m (6 ft 7 in) at the Trier Gauge ( Pegel Trier ). High water : Low water : The Moselle was known to the Romans by

2212-586: The Roman Empire subduing the Treveri in the 1st century BC and establishing Augusta Treverorum about 16 BC. The name distinguished it from the empire's many other cities honoring the first Roman emperor , Augustus . The city later became the capital of the province of Belgic Gaul ; after the Diocletian Reforms , it became the capital of the prefecture of the Gauls , overseeing much of

2291-461: The Shoah . In June 1940 during World War II over 60,000 British prisoners of war, captured at Dunkirk and Northern France, were marched to Trier, which became a staging post for British soldiers headed for German prisoner-of-war camps . Trier was heavily bombed and bombarded in 1944. The city became part of the new state of Rhineland-Palatinate after the war. The university , dissolved in 1797,

2370-535: The Storchenhaus (“Stork House”) with woodcarving. The following are listed buildings or sites in Rhineland-Palatinate ’s Directory of Cultural Monuments: As early as 2,000 years ago, the Romans , having recognized the advantages of the slaty soil on the steep slopes facing the sun, planted here in the Bremmer Calmont the first grapevines. They called the hill calidus mons – the hot hill – for it

2449-838: The Trier-Saarburg district Schweich , Kenn and Longuich (all part of the Verbandsgemeinde Schweich an der Römischen Weinstraße ), Mertesdorf , Kasel , Waldrach , Morscheid , Korlingen and Gusterath (all in the Verbandsgemeinde Ruwer ), Hockweiler , Franzenheim (both part of the Verbandsgemeinde Trier-Land ), Konz and Wasserliesch (both part of the Verbandsgemeinde Konz ), Igel , Trierweiler , Aach , Newel , Kordel , Zemmer (all in

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2528-439: The Verbandsgemeinde Trier-Land ). The Trier urban area is divided into 19 city districts . For each district there is an Ortsbeirat (local council) of between 9 and 15 members, as well as an Ortsvorsteher (local representative). The local councils are charged with hearing the important issues that affect the district, although the final decision on any issue rests with the city council. The local councils nevertheless have

2607-827: The War of the Polish Succession . After conquering Trier again in 1794 during the French Revolutionary Wars , France annexed the city and the electoral archbishopric was dissolved. After the Napoleonic Wars ended in 1815, Trier passed to the Kingdom of Prussia . Karl Marx , the German philosopher and one of the founders of Marxism , was born in the city in 1818. As part of the Prussian Rhineland , Trier developed economically during

2686-595: The Western Roman Empire . In the 4th century, Trier was one of the largest cities in the Roman Empire with a population around 75,000 and perhaps as much as 100,000. The Porta Nigra ("Black Gate") dates from this era. A residence of the Western Roman emperor , Roman Trier was the birthplace of Saint Ambrose . Sometime between 395 and 418, probably in 407 the Roman administration moved the staff of

2765-787: The 17th and 18th centuries, the French-Habsburg rivalry brought war to Trier. Spain and France fought over the city during the Thirty Years' War . The bishop was imprisoned by Spain and the Holy Roman Emperor for his support for France between 1635 and 1645. In later wars between the Empire and France, French troops occupied the city during the Nine Years' War , the War of the Spanish Succession , and

2844-552: The 19th century. The city rose in revolt during the revolutions of 1848 in the German states , although the rebels were forced to concede. It became part of the German Empire in 1871. The synagogue on Zuckerbergstrasse was looted during the November 1938 Kristallnacht and later completely destroyed in a bomb attack in 1944. Multiple Stolperstein have been installed in Trier to commemorate those murdered and exiled during

2923-503: The German defenses. The division managed to establish a foothold on the east bank of the river, securing a bridgehead at Dieulouard. With the bridgehead secured, Combat Command A of the 4th Armored Division crossed the Moselle and advanced towards Nancy, encircling the city and cutting off German supply lines. The 80th Division continued its advance, pushing towards the northeast and engaging in fierce combat with German forces. The operations to capture Nancy continued until September 15 when

3002-480: The Luxembourg winegrowing region is called Moselle Luxembourgeoise and the French region is called AOC Moselle . Most notable among the wines produced here are Riesling , Elbling , Müller-Thurgau , Kerner , and Auxerrois . The German part of the Moselle is a tourist destination. After the Second World War, France pressed to be able to ply the Moselle with larger ships in order to be able to link

3081-618: The Middle and Lower Moselle. There are also yachting or sports marinas in the following places: Koblenz , Winningen , Brodenbach , Burgen , Löf , Hatzenport , Senheim , Treis , Traben-Trarbach , Kues , Neumagen , Pölich , Schweich , Trier and Konz . The Moselle is linked near Toul via the Canal de la Marne au Rhin with inter alia the Meuse , the Saône and the Rhône . Other canals link

3160-410: The Moselle are, in alphabetical order, the Meurthe , the Saar and the Sauer . The Meurthe was the old upper course of the Moselle, until the latter captured the former upper reaches of the Meuse and took it over. However, the Meuse only delivered a little more water than the Meurthe at its confluence. The Saar is the biggest of all the tributaries (78.2 m/s; 2,760 cu ft/s) as well as

3239-411: The Moselle are: From Trier downstream the Moselle separates the two Central Upland ranges of the Eifel (to the northwest) and the Hunsrück (to the southeast). The Vosges , the present source region of the Moselle, were formed about 50 million years ago. In the Miocene and Pliocene epochs the ancient Moselle ( Urmosel ) was already a tributary of the ancient Rhine ( Ur-Rhein ). When, in

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3318-410: The Moselle is at 715 m (2,346 ft) above sea level on the Col de Bussang on the western slopes of the Ballon d'Alsace in the Vosges . After 544 km (338 mi) it discharges into the Rhine at the Deutsches Eck in Koblenz at a height of 59 m (194 ft) above NHN sea level. The length of the river in France is 313 km (194 mi), for 39 km (24 mi) it forms

3397-593: The Moselle marks the entire Saarland–Luxembourg border. The catchment area of the Moselle is 28,286 km (10,921 sq mi) in area. The French part covers 15,360 km (5,930 sq mi), about 54 percent of the entire catchment. The German state of Rhineland-Palatinate has 6,980 km (2,690 sq mi), the Saarland 2,569 km (992 sq mi), Luxembourg 2,521 km (973 sq mi), Wallonia in Belgium 767 km (296 sq mi) and North Rhine-Westphalia , 88 km (34 sq mi). The three largest tributaries of

3476-466: The Moselle valley run the Moselle Wine Route and the Moselle Cycleway, which may be cycled from Metz in France via Trier to Koblenz on the River Rhine , a distance of 311 km (193 mi). Between Koblenz and Trier, large sections run on the trackbed of the old Moselle Valley Railway, far from the noise and fumes of motor vehicles. Every year on the Sunday after Pentecost , the 140 km (87 mi) of road between Schweich and Cochem

3555-436: The Moselle, the majority on towed barges. Upstream freight mainly comprised fuel and ores; downstream the main goods were steel products, gravel and rocks. There is an inland port at Trier , a transshipment site in Zell (Mosel) ; and there are other ports in Mertert , Thionville , Metz and Frouard . In addition to freighters there are also pleasure boats for tourists between the very busy wine villages and small towns of

3634-429: The Moselle. So the Mosella was the "Little Meuse". The Moselle is first recorded by Tacitus in Book 13 of his Annals and in Book 4 of his Histories . The Roman poet Ausonius made it a literary theme as early as the 4th century. In his poem dated 371, called Mosella , which was published in 483 hexameters , this poet of the Late Antiquity and teacher at the Trier Imperial Court ( Kaiserhof ) described

3713-429: The Patriarchal cross. The bunch of grapes, of course, refers to the municipality's main economic structure, which is winegrowing . The arms were designed by Decku in Sankt Wendel ( Saarland ). The arms have been borne since 11 January 1968. In Saint Lawrence's Church is a Baroque altar . A ruin is all that is left of the Stuben Augustinian Convent. There are in Bremm several timber-frame houses, among them

3792-436: The Praetorian Prefecture from Trier to Arles . The city continued to be inhabited but was not as prosperous as before. However, it remained the seat of a governor and had state factories for the production of ballistae and armor and woolen uniforms for the troops , clothing for the civil service, and high-quality garments for the Court. Northern Gaul was held by the Romans along a line ( līmes ) from north of Cologne to

3871-433: The Rhine after flowing for 544 km (338 mi). Madon , Terrouin , Esch , Rupt de Mad , Orne , Fensch , Gander , Syre , Sauer , Kyll , Salm , Lieser , Alf , Endert , Brohlbach , Elz . Moselotte , Vologne , Meurthe , Seille , Saar , Olewiger Bach , Avelsbach , Ruwer , Feller Bach , Dhron , Ahringsbach , Kautenbach , Lützbach , Flaumbach , Altlayer Bach , Baybach , Ehrbach . Towns along

3950-669: The Rhine in Koblenz up to Neuves-Maisons , south of Nancy. For smaller ships it is connected to other parts of France through the Canal de la Meuse and the Canal de la Marne au Rhin . There are locks in Koblenz , Lehmen , Müden , Fankel , Sankt Aldegund , Enkirch , Zeltingen , Wintrich , Detzem , Trier , Grevenmacher , Palzem , Apach , Kœnigsmacker , Thionville , Richemont , Talange , Metz , Ars-sur-Moselle , Pagny-sur-Moselle , Blénod-lès-Pont-à-Mousson , Custines , Pompey , Aingeray , Fontenoy-sur-Moselle , Toul , Villey-le-Sec , and Neuves-Maisons. By 1970 more than 10 million tonnes of goods were being transported on

4029-400: The border between Germany and Luxembourg, and 208 km (129 mi) is solely within Germany. The Moselle flows through the Lorraine region, west of the Vosges. Further downstream, in Germany, the Moselle valley forms the division between the Eifel and Hunsrück mountain regions. The average flow rate of the Moselle at its mouth is 328 m/s (11,600 cu ft/s), making it

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4108-510: The canal via Breisach. In 1958 work began and by 26 May 1964 the Moselle could be officially opened from Metz to Koblenz as a major waterway for shipping with 14 locks . France extended it by 1979 as far as Neuves-Maisons . With that, 394 km (245 mi) of the Moselle have been upgraded with a total of 28 locks. In the years 1992 to 1999 the navigable channel was deepened from 2.7 m (8 ft 10 in) to 3.0 m (9 ft 10 in), which enables 1,500-tonne freighters to use

4187-403: The city grew increasingly powerful and the Archbishopric of Trier was recognized as an electorate of the empire, one of the most powerful states of Germany. The University of Trier was founded in the city in 1473. In the 17th century, the Archbishops and Prince-Electors of Trier relocated their residence to Philippsburg Castle in Ehrenbreitstein , near Koblenz . A session of the Reichstag

4266-401: The city was liberated by the combined efforts of the 80th Infantry Division and the 4th Armored Division. The successful crossing of the Moselle River and the capture of Nancy dealt a significant blow to German defenses in northeastern France and further contributed to the Allied advance towards Germany. In the act of 10 April 1952 ratifying the treaty instituted by the ECSC , Article 2 charged

4345-449: The coast at Boulogne through what is today southern Belgium until 460. South of this line, Roman control was firm, as evidenced by the continuing operation of the imperial arms factory at Amiens . The Franks seized Trier from Roman administration in 459. In 870, it became part of Eastern Francia , which developed into the Holy Roman Empire . Relics of Saint Matthias brought to the city initiated widespread pilgrimages. The bishops of

4424-417: The diocese of Trier in 1581 and reached the city itself in 1587, where it was to lead to the death of about 368 people, and was as such perhaps the biggest mass execution in Europe in peacetime. This counts only those executed within the city itself. The exact number of people executed in all the witch hunts within the diocese has never been established; a total of 1,000 has been suggested but not confirmed. In

4503-581: The early Neolithic period. Since the last pre-Christian centuries, members of the Celtic tribe of the Treveri settled in the area of today's Trier. The city of Trier derives its name from the later Latin locative in Trēverīs for earlier Augusta Treverorum . According to the Archbishops of Trier , in the Gesta Treverorum , the founder of the city of the Trevians is Trebeta . German historian Johannes Aventinus also credited Trebeta with building settlements at Metz , Mainz , Basel , Strasbourg , Speyer and Worms . The historical record describes

4582-481: The early 1960s, but by the early 2000s there were only just under 100. There has been the opposite trend amongst the established traditional wine estates and more recent vintners with a sound education in oenology and business management, who have increased their business through the reclamation of once renowned, but long forgotten sites. The end of the 20th century saw the rediscovery of the use of special terroir in order to improve quality and value, which has led to

4661-422: The early centuries of the Christian era, either a small settlement or a great homestead lay there. While cultivating the land in the 1950s, winegrowers reported problems that arose during ploughing due to foundation walls in the ground. Fragments of typically Roman building materials at this time lent further weight to the supposition of Bremm’s Roman origin. In the Middle Ages , Bremm’s most important landholder

4740-465: The five " central places " of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate. Along with Luxembourg, Metz and Saarbrücken, fellow constituent members of the QuattroPole  [ de ] union of cities, it is central to the greater region encompassing Saar-Lor-Lux ( Saarland , Lorraine and Luxembourg ), Rhineland-Palatinate, and Wallonia . The first traces of human settlement in the area of the city show evidence of linear pottery settlements dating from

4819-402: The freedom to undertake limited measures within the bounds of their districts and their budgets. The districts of Trier with area and inhabitants (December 31, 2009): Trier has an oceanic climate ( Köppen : Cfb ), but with greater extremes than the marine versions of northern Germany . Summers are warm except in unusual heat waves and winters are recurrently cold, but not harsh. Precipitation

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4898-632: The growing and manufacturing name of "Mosel". For marketing reasons the agricultural authorities of the region have divided it into six winegrowing areas. The wine literature and specialist press, by contrast, divide the region into four areas based on geomorphological, micro-climatic and also historical reasons: The wine industry on the German Moselle has been declining for decades. In 2005, statistics showed there were 10,375 ha (25,640 acres) of vineyard; by 2012 this had fallen to just 8,491 ha (20,980 acres). The vineyards that have fallen fallow are mostly those on extremely steep hillsides. There has been

4977-427: The hilltops above wine villages and towns along the slopes. Traben-Trarbach with its art nouveau architecture and Bernkastel-Kues with its traditional market square are two of the many tourist attractions on the Moselle river. The name Moselle is derived from the Celtic name form, Mosela , via the Latin Mosella , a diminutive form of Mosa , the Latin description of the Meuse , which used to flow parallel to

5056-414: The industrial regions of Lorraine . When, in 1955, the population on the Saar voted to belong to West Germany, France demanded as "compensation" an upgrade of the Moselle. On 27 October 1956 they concluded the Moselle Treaty with Germany and Luxembourg for a canalisation of the Moselle and conceded to Germany in return the extension of the Grand Canal d'Alsace on the Upper Rhine instead of an extension of

5135-433: The longest (246 km; 153 mi). The Sauer is the largest left-hand tributary and drains the region on either side of the German-Luxembourg border. The largest tributary relative to the Moselle at its confluence is the Moselotte , which is about 40% greater by volumetric flow and thus represents the main branch of the Moselle system. At its mouth, the Moselle delivers 328 m/s (11,600 cu ft/s) of water into

5214-650: The municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairwoman. The 12 seats are shared between two voters’ groups. In the earlier election in 2004, council members were elected by majority vote . Bremm's mayor is Hermann Oster. The German blazon reads: Durch aufsteigende, eingebogene grüne Spitze, darin eine goldene Traube, gespalten; vorne in Schwarz drei goldene Spitzbogenfenster, darunter goldener Wellenbalken; hinten in Silber rotes griechisches Doppelkreuz. The municipality's arms might in English heraldic language be described thus: Tierced in mantle, dexter sable three ogival windows in fess under which

5293-400: The name of Flumen Musalla (in the Tabula Peutingeriana ), and the river was romanticised by the poet Ausonius around 371. From 1815, the Moselle formed the border between the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and Prussia ( German Empire in 1871). During World War II the Moselle was a barrier as the Allies advanced toward Berlin. In September 1944, the American Third Army in France mounted

5372-409: The river to the North Sea and even the Mediterranean . There is a total of 28 changes of level on the Moselle: With the exception of Detzem, all the structures at each change in level are laid-out side by side; the lock is by one riverbank, the weir in the middle and the hydropower plant on the other bank. Between the lock and weir are a boat slipway and channel and boat lock, while between

5451-454: The river, a 20% increase in capacity. The channel has a width of 40 m (130 ft), more on the bends. The Moselle Commission , founded in 1962 with its head office in Trier, is responsible for navigation. The Moselle Shipping Police Act which it has produced is valid in all three participant states from Metz to Koblenz. In 1921 the Moselle (Mo) became a Reich waterway, today it is a federal waterway ( Bundeswasserstraße ) from Apach at

5530-426: The second largest tributary of the Rhine by volume after the Aare (560 m/s; 20,000 cu ft/s) and bigger than the Main and Neckar . The section of the Moselle from the France – Germany – Luxembourg tripoint near Schengen to its confluence with the Saar near Konz shortly before Trier is in Germany known (geographically incorrectly) as the Upper Moselle . The section from Trier to Pünderich

5609-427: The seven electors of the Holy Roman Empire . Because of its significance during the Roman and Holy Roman empires, several monuments and cathedrals within Trier are listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site . With an approximate population of 110,000, Trier is the fourth-largest city in its state, after Mainz , Ludwigshafen , and Koblenz . The nearest major cities are Luxembourg City (50 km or 31 mi to

5688-504: The southwest), Saarbrücken (80 kilometres or 50 miles southeast), and Koblenz (100 km or 62 mi northeast). The University of Trier , the administration of the Trier-Saarburg district and the seat of the ADD ( Aufsichts- und Dienstleistungsdirektion ), which until 1999 was the borough authority of Trier, and the Academy of European Law (ERA) are all based in Trier. It is one of

5767-505: The tripoint to its mouth on the Rhine at kilometre point 592.29 in Koblenz. The waterway is 242 km (150 mi) long and managed by the Trier and Koblenz Water and Shipping Offices ( Wasser- und Schifffahrtsämtern Trier und Koblenz ). It is categorized as a European waterway of Class Vb. Its kilometrage begins at its mouth at kilometre point 0 and runs upstream. Since 1816 it has formed a 36 km (22 mi) long condominium from Apach,

5846-575: The weir and the power station is the fish ladder . The structures have been blended into the landscape through their low-level design; this was achieved by the choice of sector gates for the weir, vertically lowering upper gates and mitred lower lock gates. The water levels and hydropower works are controlled by the Fankel Central Control Station ( Zentralwarte Fankel ) of the RWE Power Company at Fankel . Through

5925-525: Was assigned to the Kingdom of Prussia at the Congress of Vienna . Since 1946, it has been part of the then newly founded state of Rhineland-Palatinate . In 2002, Bremm was awarded the title “Loveliest Village in Rhineland-Palatinate ” in the contest Unser Dorf hat Zukunft (“Our Village Has a Future”). The council is made up of 12 council members, who were elected by proportional representation at

6004-742: Was held in Trier in 1512, during which the demarcation of the Imperial Circles was definitively established. In the years from 1581 to 1593, the Trier witch trials were held. It was one of the four largest witch trials in Germany alongside the Fulda witch trials , the Würzburg witch trial , and the Bamberg witch trials , perhaps even the largest one in European history. The persecutions started in

6083-533: Was restarted in the 1970s, while the Cathedral of Trier was reopened in 1974 after undergoing substantial and long-lasting renovations. Trier officially celebrated its 2,000th anniversary in 1984. On 1 December 2020 , 5 people were killed by an allegedly drunk driver during a vehicle-ramming attack . The Ehrang/Quint district of Trier was heavily damaged and flooded during the 16 July 2021 floods of Germany, Belgium, The Netherlands and Luxembourg. Trier sits in

6162-560: Was the convent's hallmark and was drawn from a well known cross reliquary whose chest from Constantinople today belongs to the Limburg Cathedral Treasury. From 1208, the reliquary, whose golden setting for the cross particles are set in the shape of a Patriarchal cross, was in the convent's ownership. Boundary stones marking the convent's former vineyards, landholdings and woodlands still bear this symbol. Remnants of an old winepress and one house door in Bremm also bear

6241-491: Was until 1802 the Stuben Augustinian Convent. The first church was mentioned in 1097. The one that stands now was built in the late 15th century; in 1895 it was remodelled and enlarged. Like all the municipality’s foregoing churches, it is consecrated to Saint Lawrence . The lovely Baroque altar from 1630 was sold to Schloss Gondorf at the time of the remodelling, but in 1968 it was bought back for DM  30,000. Beginning in 1794, Bremm lay under French rule. In 1815, it

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