88-488: The Diary of Ma Yan: The Struggles and Hopes of a Chinese School Girl (马燕日记) is the diary of a Chinese schoolgirl Ma Yan ( 马 燕 ) from a small village in Ningxia autonomous region, China . In March 2001, French journalist Pierre Haski was filming a documentary on Chinese Muslims . Haski visited the remote rural village of Zhangjiashu in the northwestern region of Ningxia , an autonomous region. He stayed for
176-412: A journal app with its iOS 17.2 update, pulling suggestions for entries based on locations the user has visited, music they have listened to, and photos from their photo library alongside prompts. A personal organizer is a form of diary to list actions and tasks for the day, which are recorded in a log, often using symbols to differentiate and categorize items. In free writing, the diarist sets aside
264-449: A zine , before the term blog entered common usage. The first research paper about blogging was Torill Mortensen and Jill Walker Rettberg 's paper "Blogging Thoughts", which analysed how blogs were being used to foster research communities and the exchange of ideas and scholarship, and how this new means of networking overturns traditional power structures. Early blogs were simply manually updated components of common Websites. In 1995,
352-503: A TV station or newspaper, either as an add-on to a traditional media presence (e.g., hosting a radio show or writing a column in a paper newspaper), or as their sole journalistic output. Some institutions and organizations see blogging as a means of "getting around the filter" of media " gatekeepers " and pushing their messages directly to the public. Many mainstream journalists, meanwhile, write their own blogs—well over 300, according to CyberJournalist.net's J-blog list. The first known use of
440-829: A blog on a news site was in August 1998, when Jonathan Dube of The Charlotte Observer published one chronicling Hurricane Bonnie . Some bloggers have moved over to other media. The following bloggers (and others) have appeared on radio and television: Duncan Black (known widely by his pseudonym, Atrios), Glenn Reynolds ( Instapundit ), Markos Moulitsas Zúniga ( Daily Kos ), Alex Steffen ( Worldchanging ), Ana Marie Cox ( Wonkette ), Nate Silver ( FiveThirtyEight.com ), and Ezra Klein (Ezra Klein blog in The American Prospect , now in The Washington Post ). In counterpoint, Hugh Hewitt exemplifies
528-502: A breakdown of the traditional advertising model, where companies can skip over the advertising agencies (previously the only interface with the customer) and contact the customers directly via social media websites. On the other hand, new companies specialised in blog advertising have been established to take advantage of this new development as well. However, there are many people who look negatively on this new development. Some believe that any form of commercial activity on blogs will destroy
616-576: A commercial blog was on the first business to consumer Web site created in 1995 by Ty, Inc. , which featured a blog in a section called "Online Diary". The entries were maintained by featured Beanie Babies that were voted for monthly by Web site visitors. The modern blog evolved from the online diary where people would keep a running account of the events in their personal lives. Most such writers called themselves diarists, journalists, or journalers. Justin Hall , who began personal blogging in 1994 while
704-406: A diary is known as a diarist . Diaries undertaken for institutional purposes play a role in many aspects of human civilization, including government records (e.g. Hansard ), business ledgers , and military records . In British English, the word may also denote a preprinted journal format . Today the term is generally employed for personal diaries, normally intended to remain private or to have
792-702: A diary is the Diary of Merer , an ancient Egyptian logbook whose author described the transportation of limestone from Tura to Giza , likely to clad the outside of the Great Pyramid . The oldest extant diaries come from Middle Eastern and East Asian cultures, although the even earlier work To Myself ( Τὰ εἰς ἑαυτόν ), today known as the Meditations , written in Greek by the Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius in
880-407: A few days in the village imam 's modest hut. Despite the villagers' impoverished conditions and limited access to facilities such as drinking water and education, Haski and his team were well-treated by the community. As they were leaving, the mother of thirteen-year-old Ma Yan handed her daughter's handwritten diaries to Haski and his team, asking for their help. In Shanghai , the team was moved by
968-411: A few minutes each day to write without any constraints, letting thoughts flow freely and allowing the subconscious mind to express itself. Freewriting can unearth hidden thoughts and emotions, fostering self-discovery. A gardening journal helps gardeners improve their efforts over time by providing a historical record of actions taken, the weather and other elements, and the results. A gratitude journal
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#17327872616271056-678: A large portion of bloggers are professionals and that a well-written blog can help attract employers. Business owners who blog about their business can also run into legal consequences. Mark Cuban , owner of the Dallas Mavericks , was fined during the 2006 NBA playoffs for criticizing NBA officials on the court and in his blog. Blogging can sometimes have unforeseen consequences in politically sensitive areas. In some countries, Internet police or secret police may monitor blogs and arrest blog authors or commentators. Blogs can be much harder to control than broadcast or print media because
1144-478: A limited circulation amongst friends or relatives. The word " journal " may be sometimes used for "diary," but generally a diary has (or intends to have) daily entries (from the Latin word for 'day'), whereas journal-writing can be less frequent. Although a diary may provide information for a memoir , autobiography or biography , it is generally written not with the intention of being published as it stands, but for
1232-498: A live worldwide press conference. The questions and answers were later posted on IsraelPolitik , the country's official political blog. The impact of blogging on the mainstream media has also been acknowledged by governments. In 2009, the presence of the American journalism industry had declined to the point that several newspaper corporations were filing for bankruptcy, resulting in less direct competition between newspapers within
1320-689: A mass media personality who has moved in the other direction, adding to his reach in "old media" by being an influential blogger. Similarly, it was Emergency Preparedness and Safety Tips On Air and Online blog articles that captured Surgeon General of the United States Richard Carmona 's attention and earned his kudos for the associated broadcasts by talk show host Lisa Tolliver and Westchester Emergency Volunteer Reserves- Medical Reserve Corps Director Marianne Partridge. Blogs have also had an influence on minority languages , bringing together scattered speakers and learners; this
1408-511: A new HTML file, and at the start of each month, diary entries were archived into their own folder, which contained a separate HTML page for every day of the month. Then, menus that contained links to the most recent diary entry were updated manually throughout the site. This text-based method of organizing thousands of files served as a springboard to define future blogging styles that were captured by blogging software developed years later. The evolution of electronic and software tools to facilitate
1496-402: A new model of marketing communication from businesses to consumers. Among the various forms of advertising on blog, the most controversial are the sponsored posts . These are blog entries or posts and may be in the form of feedback, reviews, opinion, videos, etc. and usually contain a link back to the desired site using a keyword or several keywords. Blogs have led to some disintermediation and
1584-672: A particular subject or topic, ranging from philosophy , religion , and arts to science , politics , and sports . Others function as more personal online diaries or online brand advertising of a particular individual or company. A typical blog combines text, digital images , and links to other blogs, web pages, and other media related to its topic. Most blogs are primarily textual, although some focus on art ( art blogs ), photographs ( photoblogs ), videos ( video blogs or vlogs ), music ( MP3 blogs ), and audio ( podcasts ). In education, blogs can be used as instructional resources; these are referred to as edublogs . Microblogging
1672-412: A person can create a blog whose authorship is hard to trace by using anonymity technology such as Tor . As a result, totalitarian and authoritarian regimes often seek to suppress blogs and punish those who maintain them. In Singapore, two ethnic Chinese individuals were imprisoned under the country's anti-sedition law for posting anti-Muslim remarks in their blogs. Egyptian blogger Kareem Amer
1760-466: A slow start, blogging rapidly gained in popularity. Blog usage spread during 1999 and the years following, being further popularized by the near-simultaneous arrival of the first hosted blog tools: An early milestone in the rise in importance of blogs came in 2002, when many bloggers focused on comments by U.S. Senate Majority Leader Trent Lott . Senator Lott, at a party honoring U.S. Senator Strom Thurmond , praised Senator Thurmond by suggesting that
1848-538: A student at Swarthmore College , is generally recognized as one of the earlier bloggers, as is Jerry Pournelle . Dave Winer 's Scripting News is also credited with being one of the older and longer running weblogs. The Australian Netguide magazine maintained the Daily Net News on their web site from 1996. Daily Net News ran links and daily reviews of new websites, mostly in Australia. Another early blog
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#17327872616271936-414: A verb, meaning to maintain or add content to a blog . The emergence and growth of blogs in the late 1990s coincided with the advent of web publishing tools that facilitated the posting of content by non-technical users who did not have much experience with HTML or computer programming . Previously, knowledge of such technologies as HTML and File Transfer Protocol had been required to publish content on
2024-491: A virtual " corkboard ". Berners-Lee also created what is considered by Encyclopedia Britannica to be "the first 'blog ' " in 1992 to discuss the progress made on creating the World Wide Web and software used for it. From June 14, 1993, Mosaic Communications Corporation maintained their "What's New" list of new websites, updated daily and archived monthly. The page was accessible by a special "What's New" button in
2112-541: A way to bring previously unpublished diaries to the attention of historians and other readers, such as the diary of Michael Shiner , an enslaved person in the 19th century who documented his life in Washington, D.C. Web-based services such as Open Diary (started in October 1998) and LiveJournal (January 1999) soon appeared to streamline and automate online publishing , but growth in personal storytelling came with
2200-412: A week before the company's earnings announcement. He was fired two days after he complied with his employer's request to remove the sensitive material from his blog. In India, blogger Gaurav Sabnis resigned from IBM after his posts questioned the claims made by a management school. Jessica Cutler , aka "The Washingtonienne", blogged about her sex life while employed as a congressional assistant. After
2288-420: Is a written or audiovisual memorable record, with discrete entries arranged by date reporting on what has happened over the course of a day or other period. Diaries have traditionally been handwritten but are now also often digital . A personal diary may include a person's experiences, thoughts, and/or feelings, excluding comments on current events outside the writer's direct experience. Someone who keeps
2376-488: Is a diary of things for which someone is grateful . Keeping a gratitude journal is a popular practice in the field of positive psychology . A sleep diary or sleep log is a tool used in the diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders or to keep track of dreams had in order to gain insight to the subconscious or for further contemplation. The German Tagebuch ('days-book') is normally rendered as "diary" in English, but
2464-440: Is an informational website consisting of discrete, often informal diary-style text entries (posts). Posts are typically displayed in reverse chronological order so that the most recent post appears first, at the top of the web page . In the 2000s, blogs were often the work of a single individual, occasionally of a small group, and often covered a single subject or topic. In the 2010s, "multi-author blogs" (MABs) emerged, featuring
2552-456: Is another type of blogging, featuring very short posts. Blog and blogging are now loosely used for content creation and sharing on social media , especially when the content is long-form and one creates and shares content on regular basis, so one could be maintaining a blog on Facebook or blogging on Instagram . A 2022 estimate suggested that there were over 600 million public blogs out of more than 1.9 billion websites. The term "weblog"
2640-465: Is particularly so with blogs in Gaelic languages . Minority language publishing (which may lack economic feasibility) can find its audience through inexpensive blogging. There are examples of bloggers who have published books based on their blogs, e.g., Salam Pax , Ellen Simonetti , Jessica Cutler , and ScrappleFace . Blog-based books have been given the name blook . A prize for the best blog-based book
2728-416: Is people shouting at each other across the void, but not a lot of mutual understanding". Between 2009 and 2012, an Orwell Prize for blogging was awarded. In the late 2000s , blogs were often used on business websites and for grassroots political activism . There are many different types of blogs, differing not only in the type of content, but also in the way that content is delivered or written. As
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2816-525: Is the book one writes in, only read by oneself – particularly in adversity. Anne Frank went so far as to address her diary as "Kitty." Friedrich Kellner , a court official in Nazi Germany , thought of his diary as a weapon for any future fight against tyrants and terrorism, and named it 'Mein Widerstand' , My Opposition . Victor Klemperer was similarly concerned with recording for the future
2904-547: The Diaries of Adrian Mole ). Both prompted long-running satirical features in the magazine Private Eye : the former entitled Mrs Wilson's Diary in reference to Mary Wilson , wife of Prime Minister Harold Wilson , the latter entitled The Secret Diary of John Major Aged 47¾ and written as a pastiche of the Adrian Mole diaries from the perspective of the then-Prime Minister John Major . Another famous example of
2992-587: The Latin diarium ("daily allowance," from dies , "day"). The word 'journal' comes from the same root ( diurnus , "of the day") through the Old French jurnal (the modern French for 'day' being jour ). The earliest recorded use of the word 'diary' to refer to a book in which a daily record was written was in Ben Jonson 's comedy Volpone in 1605. The earliest known book resembling
3080-470: The MIT Media Lab website from 14 November 1994 until 1996. Other early online diarists include Justin Hall , who began eleven years of personal online diary-writing in 1994, Carolyn Burke, who started publishing Carolyn's Diary on 3 January 1995, and Bryon Sutherland, who announced his diary The Semi-Existence of Bryon in a USENET newsgroup on 19 April 1995. The internet has also served as
3168-528: The Smythson company created the first featherweight diary, enabling diaries to be carried about. Many diaries of notable figures have been published and form an important element of autobiographical literature. Samuel Pepys (1633–1703) is the earliest diarist who is well known today; his diaries, preserved in Magdalene College, Cambridge , were first transcribed and published in 1825. Pepys
3256-503: The "Online Diary" on the Ty, Inc. Web site was produced and updated manually before any blogging programs were available. Posts were made to appear in reverse chronological order by manually updating text-based HTML code using FTP software in real time several times a day. To users, this offered the appearance of a live diary that contained multiple new entries per day. At the beginning of each new day, new diary entries were manually coded into
3344-526: The 19th century. As examples, the Grasmere Journal of Dorothy Wordsworth (1771–1855) was published in 1897; the journals of Fanny Burney (1752–1840) were published in 1889; the diaries of Henry Crabb Robinson (1776–1867) were published in 1869. Among important U.S. Civil War diaries are those of George Templeton Strong , a New York City lawyer, and Mary Chesnut , the wife of a Confederate officer. The diary of Jemima Condict , living in
3432-626: The EU Directive 2000/31/EC). In Doe v. Cahill , the Delaware Supreme Court held that stringent standards had to be met to unmask the anonymous bloggers and also took the unusual step of dismissing the libel case itself (as unfounded under American libel law) rather than referring it back to the trial court for reconsideration. In a bizarre twist, the Cahills were able to obtain the identity of John Doe, who turned out to be
3520-535: The German occupation of Amsterdam in the 1940s. Otto Frank edited his daughter's diary and arranged for its publication after the war. Many edits were made before the diary was published in other countries. This was due to sexually explicit material, which also led to some libraries banning the book. The writing of diaries was also often practiced from the 20th century onwards as a conscious act of self-exploration (of greater or lesser sincerity) – examples being
3608-481: The Mosaic web browser. In November 1993 Ranjit Bhatnagar started writing about interesting sites, pages and discussion groups he found on the internet, as well as some personal information, on his website Moonmilk, arranging them chronologically in a special section called Ranjit's HTTP Playground. Other early pioneers of blogging, such as Justin Hall , credit him with being an inspiration. The earliest instance of
The Diary of Ma Yan - Misplaced Pages Continue
3696-478: The United States would have been better off had Thurmond been elected president. Lott's critics saw these comments as tacit approval of racial segregation , a policy advocated by Thurmond's 1948 presidential campaign . This view was reinforced by documents and recorded interviews dug up by bloggers. (See Josh Marshall 's Talking Points Memo .) Though Lott's comments were made at a public event attended by
3784-771: The Web, and early Web users therefore tended to be hackers and computer enthusiasts. As of the 2010s, the majority are interactive Web 2.0 websites, allowing visitors to leave online comments, and it is this interactivity that distinguishes them from other static websites. In that sense, blogging can be seen as a form of social networking service . Indeed, bloggers not only produce content to post on their blogs but also often build social relations with their readers and other bloggers. Blog owners or authors often moderate and filter online comments to remove hate speech or other offensive content. There are also high-readership blogs which do not allow comments. Many blogs provide commentary on
3872-488: The anonymity of Richard Horton . Horton was a police officer in the United Kingdom who blogged about his job under the name "NightJack". Delta Air Lines fired flight attendant Ellen Simonetti because she posted photographs of herself in uniform on an aeroplane and because of comments posted on her blog "Queen of Sky: Diary of a Flight Attendant" which the employer deemed inappropriate. This case highlighted
3960-548: The area of what is now West Orange, New Jersey , includes local observations of the American Revolutionary War . Since the 19th century the publication of diaries by their authors has become commonplace – notably amongst politicians seeking justification but also amongst artists and litterateurs of all descriptions. Amongst late 20th-century British published political diaries, those of Richard Crossman , Tony Benn and Alan Clark are representative,
4048-519: The author's own use. In recent years, however, there is internal evidence in some diaries (e.g. those of Ned Rorem , Alan Clark , Tony Benn or Simon Gray ) that they are written with eventual publication in mind, with the intention of self-vindication (pre- or posthumous), or simply for profit. By extension, the term diary is also used to mean a printed publication of a written diary; and may also refer to other terms of journal including electronic formats (e.g. blogs ). The word ' diary ' comes from
4136-477: The blog "Creating Passionate Users", was the target of threats and misogynistic insults to the point that she cancelled her keynote speech at a technology conference in San Diego, fearing for her safety. While a blogger's anonymity is often tenuous, Internet trolls who would attack a blogger with threats or insults can be emboldened by the anonymity of the online environment, where some users are known only by
4224-525: The blog in a fairly anonymous manner, some of the descriptions of the firm and some of its people were less than flattering. Sanderson later won a compensation claim case against the British firm, however. On the other hand, Penelope Trunk wrote an upbeat article in The Boston Globe in 2006, entitled "Blogs 'essential' to a good career". She was one of the first journalists to point out that
4312-512: The blog was discovered and she was fired, she wrote a novel based on her experiences and blog: The Washingtonienne: A Novel . As of 2006 , Cutler is being sued by one of her former lovers in a case that could establish the extent to which bloggers are obligated to protect the privacy of their real life associates. Catherine Sanderson, a.k.a. Petite Anglaise , lost her job in Paris at a British accountancy firm because of blogging. Although given in
4400-595: The blogosphere's credibility. Blogging can result in a range of legal liabilities and other unforeseen consequences . Several cases have been brought before the national courts against bloggers concerning issues of defamation or liability . U.S. payouts related to blogging totalled $ 17.4 million by 2009; in some cases these have been covered by umbrella insurance . The courts have returned with mixed verdicts. Internet Service Providers (ISPs), in general, are immune from liability for information that originates with third parties (U.S. Communications Decency Act and
4488-625: The contents of the diaries, in which Ma Yan expressed her strong desire to continue attending school and support her family. Due to their extreme poverty, the Ma family had withdrawn Ma Yan from school because they could not afford the fees. Ma Yan's diaries were edited and initially published in France by Haski. In the summer of 2002, a fund called the Children of Ningxia was established to support Ma Yan and other children in attending school. Since then,
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#17327872616274576-574: The diaries of Carl Jung , Aleister Crowley and Anaïs Nin . Among important diaries by 20th-century literary figures are those of Franz Kafka , Edmund Wilson and the French writer Paul Léautaud (1872–1956). The self-reflective Diary: Divine Mercy in My Soul written by Saint Faustina contains accounts of her visions and conversations with Jesus. A strong psychological effect may arise from having an audience for one's self-expression, even if this
4664-533: The diary after correct PIN entry on a secure USB device. With the popularization of mobile apps , diary or journaling apps have become available for iOS and Android . Proponents have cited numerous reasons for journaling using digital applications, including ease and speed of typing, mobile portability, and search capabilities. Digital diaries are also tailored towards shorter-form, in-the-moment writing, similar to user engagement with social media services such as Facebook , Twitter and Instagram . Apple released
4752-648: The diary has been published in seventeen languages and has sold over 200,000 copies worldwide. Ma Yan later expressed her desire to study journalism at university, citing her motivation as the work of Pierre Haski and others who traveled across the country to help poor children. She stated, "I'd like to be a journalist so I, too, can help poor children." Through the efforts of Children of Ningxia, approximately 250 Chinese schoolchildren have gained access to or continued their education. Ma Yan's village has also experienced improvements, including better access to freshwater and agricultural fertilizers. Diary A diary
4840-436: The diversity of media culture, providing opportunities for greater inclusiveness, and making more responsive to consumers." Many bloggers, particularly those engaged in participatory journalism , are amateur journalists, and thus they differentiate themselves from the professional reporters and editors who work in mainstream media organizations. Other bloggers are media professionals who are publishing online, rather than via
4928-514: The documents to be forgeries and presented evidence and arguments in support of that view. Consequently, CBS apologized for what it said were inadequate reporting techniques (see: Little Green Footballs ). The impact of these stories gave greater credibility to blogs as a medium of news dissemination. In Russia, some political bloggers have started to challenge the dominance of official, overwhelmingly pro-government media. Bloggers such as Rustem Adagamov and Alexei Navalny have many followers, and
5016-425: The emergence of blogs . While the format first focused on external links and topical commentary, widespread blogging tools were quickly used to create web journals. Recent advances have also been made to enable the privacy of internet diary entries. For example, some diary software now stores entries in an encrypted format, such as 256-bit AES ( Advanced Encryption Standard ) encryption, and others only permit access to
5104-481: The issue of personal blogging and freedom of expression versus employer rights and responsibilities, and so it received wide media attention. Simonetti took legal action against the airline for "wrongful termination, defamation of character and lost future wages". The suit was postponed while Delta was in bankruptcy proceedings. In early 2006, Erik Ringmar, a senior lecturer at the London School of Economics ,
5192-466: The latter being more indiscreet, in the tradition of the diaries of Chips Channon . In Britain in the field of the arts notable diaries were published by James Lees-Milne , Roy Strong and Peter Hall . Harold Nicolson in the mid-20th century covered both politics and the arts. One of the most famous modern diaries, widely read and translated, is the posthumously published The Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank , who wrote it while in hiding during
5280-490: The latter's nickname for the ruling United Russia party as the "party of crooks and thieves" has been adopted by anti-regime protesters. This led to The Wall Street Journal calling Navalny "the man Vladimir Putin fears most" in March 2012. By 2004, the role of blogs became increasingly mainstream, as political consultants , news services, and candidates began using them as tools for outreach and opinion forming. Blogging
5368-470: The lost vernacular account of her visions, Beatrice of Nazareth ). From the Renaissance on, some individuals wanted not only to record events, as in medieval chronicles and itineraries, but also to put down their own opinions and express their hopes and fears, without any intention to publish these notes. One of the early preserved examples is the anonymous Journal d'un bourgeois de Paris covering
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#17327872616275456-529: The media, no major media organizations reported on his controversial comments until after blogs broke the story. Blogging helped to create a political crisis that forced Lott to step down as majority leader. Similarly, blogs were among the driving forces behind the " Rathergate " scandal. Television journalist Dan Rather presented documents on the CBS show 60 Minutes that conflicted with accepted accounts of President Bush's military service record. Bloggers declared
5544-503: The modern diary was that of Abu Ali ibn al-Banna in the 11th century. His diary is the earliest known to be arranged in order of date ( ta'rikh in Arabic), very much like modern diaries. The precursors of the diary in the modern sense include daily notes of medieval mystics , concerned mostly with inward emotions and outward events perceived as spiritually important (e.g. Elizabeth of Schönau , Agnes Blannbekin , and perhaps also, in
5632-666: The person they suspected: the town's mayor, Councilman Cahill's political rival. The Cahills amended their original complaint, and the mayor settled the case rather than going to trial. In January 2007, two prominent Malaysian political bloggers, Jeff Ooi and Ahirudin Attan , were sued by a pro-government newspaper, The New Straits Times Press (Malaysia) Berhad, Kalimullah bin Masheerul Hassan, Hishamuddin bin Aun and Brenden John a/l John Pereira over alleged defamation. The plaintiff
5720-614: The popularity of blogging continued to rise (as of 2006), the commercialisation of blogging is rapidly increasing. Many corporations and companies collaborate with bloggers to increase advertising and engage online communities with their products. In the book Fans, Bloggers, and Gamers , Henry Jenkins stated that "Bloggers take knowledge into their own hands, enabling successful navigation within and between these emerging knowledge cultures. One can see such behaviour as co-optation into commodity culture insofar as it sometimes collaborates with corporate interests, but one can also see it as increasing
5808-484: The popularization of the terms. Before blogging became popular, digital communities took many forms, including Usenet , commercial online services such as GEnie , Byte Information Exchange (BIX) and the early CompuServe , e-mail lists , and Bulletin Board Systems (BBS). In the 1990s, Internet forum software created running conversations with "threads". Threads are topical connections between messages on
5896-519: The production and maintenance of Web articles posted in reverse chronological order made the publishing process feasible for a much larger and less technically-inclined population. Ultimately, this resulted in the distinct class of online publishing that produces blogs we recognize today. For instance, the use of some sort of browser-based software is now a typical aspect of "blogging". Blogs can be hosted by dedicated blog hosting services , on regular web hosting services , or run using blog software. After
5984-452: The reputation of their employer, either in a positive way, if the employee is praising the employer and its workplaces, or in a negative way, if the blogger is making negative comments about the company or its practices. In general, attempts by employee bloggers to protect themselves by maintaining anonymity have proved ineffective. In 2009, a controversial and landmark decision by The Hon. Mr Justice Eady refused to grant an order to protect
6072-425: The same circulation area. Discussion emerged as to whether the newspaper industry would benefit from a stimulus package by the federal government. U.S. President Barack Obama acknowledged the emerging influence of blogging upon society by saying, "if the direction of the news is all blogosphere, all opinions, with no serious fact-checking, no serious attempts to put stories in context, then what you will end up getting
6160-416: The second half of the 2nd century AD, already displays many characteristics of a diary. Pillowbooks of Japanese court ladies and Asian travel journals offer some aspects of this genre of writing, although they rarely consist exclusively of diurnal records. In the medieval Near East , Arabic diaries were written from before the 10th century. The earliest surviving diary of this era which most resembles
6248-583: The term encompasses workbooks or working journals as well as diaries proper. For example, the notebooks of the Austrian writer Robert Musil and of the German-Swiss artist Paul Klee are called Tagebücher . A travel journal, travel diary, or road journal, is the documentation of a journey or series of journeys. A war diary is a regularly updated official record of a military unit's administration and activities during wartime maintained by an officer in
6336-424: The tyrannies and hypocrisies of Nazi Germany and of its East German successor state in his diaries. However in these cases, the authors didn't anticipate publication. As internet access became commonly available, many people adopted it as another medium in which to chronicle their lives with the added dimension of an audience. The first online diary is thought to be Claudio Pinhanez's Open Diary , published at
6424-482: The unit. Such diaries can form an important source of historical information, for example about long and complex battles in World War I . There are numerous examples of fictional diaries. One of the earliest printed fictional diaries was the humorous Diary of a Nobody by George Grossmith and his brother Weedon. 20th-century examples include radio broadcasts (e.g. Mrs. Dale's Diary ) and published books (e.g.
6512-612: The use of fictional diaries as prose is Bram Stoker's Dracula . A modern example includes the Diary of a Wimpy Kid series where each book of the series is written in a first-person view of the main character, as if the book were an actual diary. Other examples are the Bert Diaries and the cellphone diaries in the Japanese manga and anime television series Future Diary . Blog A blog (a truncation of " weblog ")
6600-399: The writing of multiple authors and sometimes professionally edited . MABs from newspapers , other media outlets , universities, think tanks , advocacy groups , and similar institutions account for an increasing quantity of blog traffic . The rise of Twitter and other " microblogging " systems helps integrate MABs and single-author blogs into the news media . Blog can also be used as
6688-657: The years 1405–1449, giving subjective commentaries on current events. Famous 14th to 16th century Renaissance examples, which appeared much later as books, were the diaries by the Florentines Buonaccorso Pitti and Gregorio Dati and the Venetian Marino Sanuto the Younger . These diaries include records of even less important everyday occurrences together with much reflection, emotional experience and personal impressions. In 1908,
6776-501: Was Wearable Wireless Webcam, an online shared diary of a person's personal life combining text, digital video, and digital pictures transmitted live from a wearable computer and EyeTap device to a web site in 1994. This practice of semi-automated blogging with live video together with text was referred to as sousveillance , and such journals were also used as evidence in legal matters. Some early bloggers, such as The Misanthropic Bitch, who began in 1997, referred to their online presence as
6864-511: Was among the first national governments to set up an official blog. Under David Saranga , the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs became active in adopting Web 2.0 initiatives, including an official video blog and a political blog . The Foreign Ministry also held a microblogging press conference via Twitter about its war with Hamas , with Saranga answering questions from the public in common text-messaging abbreviations during
6952-686: Was amongst the first who took the diary beyond mere business transaction notation, into the realm of the personal. Pepys' contemporary John Evelyn also kept a notable diary, and their works are among the most important primary sources for the English Restoration period, and consist of eyewitness accounts of many great events, such as the Great Plague of London , and the Great Fire of London . The practice of posthumous publication of diaries of literary and other notables began in
7040-563: Was an effort to protect the public. The case was dismissed for lack of personal jurisdiction, and Traffic Power failed to appeal within the allowed time. In 2009, NDTV issued a legal notice to Indian blogger Kunte for a blog post criticizing their coverage of the Mumbai attacks . The blogger unconditionally withdrew his post, which resulted in several Indian bloggers criticizing NDTV for trying to silence critics. Employees who blog about elements of their place of employment can begin to affect
7128-646: Was arrested in April 2007 for anti-government writings in his blog. Monem is a member of the then banned Muslim Brotherhood . After the 2011 Egyptian revolution , the Egyptian blogger Maikel Nabil Sanad was charged with insulting the military for an article he wrote on his personal blog and sentenced to three years. After expressing opinions in his personal blog about the state of the Sudanese armed forces, Jan Pronk , United Nations Special Representative for Sudan ,
7216-501: Was charged with insulting the Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak and an Islamic institution through his blog. It is the first time in the history of Egypt that a blogger was prosecuted. After a brief trial session that took place in Alexandria , the blogger was found guilty and sentenced to prison terms of three years for insulting Islam and inciting sedition and one year for insulting Mubarak. Egyptian blogger Abdel Monem Mahmoud
7304-519: Was coined by Jorn Barger on December 17, 1997. The short form "blog" was coined by Peter Merholz , who jokingly broke the word weblog into the phrase we blog in the sidebar of his blog Peterme.com in May 1999. Shortly thereafter, Evan Williams at Pyra Labs used "blog" as both a noun and verb ("to blog", meaning "to edit one's weblog or to post to one's weblog") and devised the term "blogger" in connection with Pyra Labs' Blogger product, leading to
7392-633: Was established by politicians and political candidates to express opinions on war and other issues and cemented blogs' role as a news source. (See Howard Dean and Wesley Clark .) Even politicians not actively campaigning, such as the UK's Labour Party's Member of Parliament (MP) Tom Watson , began to blog to bond with constituents. In January 2005, Fortune magazine listed eight bloggers whom business people "could not ignore": Peter Rojas , Xeni Jardin , Ben Trott , Mena Trott , Jonathan Schwartz , Jason Goldman, Robert Scoble , and Jason Calacanis . Israel
7480-455: Was given three days notice to leave Sudan. The Sudanese army had demanded his deportation. In Myanmar , Nay Phone Latt, a blogger, was sentenced to 20 years in jail for posting a cartoon critical of head of state Than Shwe . One consequence of blogging is the possibility of online or in-person attacks or threats against the blogger, sometimes without apparent reason. In some cases, bloggers have faced cyberbullying . Kathy Sierra , author of
7568-470: Was initiated in 2005, the Lulu Blooker Prize . However, success has been elusive offline, with many of these books not selling as well as their blogs. The book based on Julie Powell 's blog "The Julie/Julia Project" was made into the film Julie & Julia , apparently the first to do so. Consumer-generated advertising is a relatively new and controversial development, and it has created
7656-504: Was ordered by the convenor of his department to "take down and destroy" his blog in which he discussed the quality of education at the school. Mark Jen was terminated in 2005 after 10 days of employment as an assistant product manager at Google for discussing corporate secrets on his personal blog, then called 99zeros and hosted on the Google-owned Blogger service. He blogged about unreleased products and company finances
7744-733: Was supported by the Malaysian government. Following the suit, the Malaysian government proposed to "register" all bloggers in Malaysia to better control parties against their interests. This is the first such legal case against bloggers in the country. In the United States, blogger Aaron Wall was sued by Traffic Power for defamation and publication of trade secrets in 2005. According to Wired magazine, Traffic Power had been "banned from Google for allegedly rigging search engine results." Wall and other " white hat " search engine optimization consultants had exposed Traffic Power in what they claim
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