58-499: (Redirected from Macmillan Ministry ) Macmillan ministry may refer to: First Macmillan ministry , the British majority government led by Harold Macmillan from 1957 to 1959 Second Macmillan ministry , the British majority government led by Harold Macmillan from 1959 to 1963 Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
116-808: A Minister for Sport has always appalled me. It savours of dictatorship and the nastiest kind of populist or Fascist dictatorship at that." Hailsham appeared before the Wolfenden Committee to discuss homosexuality. The historian Patrick Higgins said that he used it as "an opportunity to express his disgust". He stated "The instinct of mankind to describe homosexual acts as "unnatural" is not based on mere prejudice" and that homosexuals were corrupting and "a proselytising religion". In June 1963 when his fellow Minister John Profumo had to resign after admitting lying to Parliament about his private life, Hailsham attacked him savagely on television. The Labour MP Reginald Paget called this "a virtuoso performance of
174-804: A Scholar and he was President of the Oxford University Conservative Association and of the Oxford Union . He took Firsts in Honours Moderations in 1928 and in Literae Humaniores in 1930. He was elected to a Prize Fellowship in Law at All Souls College, Oxford , in 1931. He was called to the bar by Lincoln's Inn in 1932. Hogg spoke in opposition to the motion "That this House will in no circumstances fight for its King and Country" in
232-575: A businessman and politician from Ulster . The middle name McGarel comes from Charles McGarel , an Ulsterman who had large holdings of slaves, and who financially sponsored Quintin Hogg's grandfather, also called Quintin Hogg, who was McGarel's brother-in-law. Hogg was educated at Sunningdale School and then Eton College , where he was a King's Scholar and won the Newcastle Scholarship in 1925. He entered Christ Church, Oxford as
290-587: A descendant of the Martyn family of The Tribes of Galway . They had five children including Douglas Martin Hogg, 3rd Viscount Hailsham , and Mary Claire Hogg . Hailsham inherited Carter's Corner Place, a 17th-century house with wide views over the Pevensey marshes and the English Channel, from his father in 1950, and practised farming there for more than a decade. In 1963 he sold the property because of
348-426: A former secretary in his chambers. She cared for him in his old age, but predeceased him in 1998. Hailsham retained some of the manner of a clever schoolboy – likeable, irritating and untidy – throughout his life. He was in the habit of reciting long passages of Ancient Greek verse at inappropriate moments in conversations. As a young man Hailsham was a keen mountain-climber, and broke both his ankles while climbing
406-684: A member of the cabinet for the first time as Minister of Labour and National Service in 1959, while another future Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher , held her first government post in 1961 as Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Pensions . The government also included future Chancellor Anthony Barber , future Home Secretary and Deputy Prime Minister William Whitelaw and future Secretary of State for Education and Science Sir Keith Joseph . Other notable government members included Enoch Powell , Lord Carrington , David Ormsby-Gore , John Profumo , Christopher Soames , Bill Deedes , Airey Neave and
464-585: A result of the House of Lords Act 1999 , which removed the right of most hereditary peers to sit in the House of Lords, it was not necessary for him to disclaim his viscountcy to remain a member of the House of Commons. Like his father and other members of the family, he was buried in the churchyard at All Saints, Herstmonceux, Sussex. Hailsham's wealth at death was valued for probate at £4,618,511 (around £7.5m at 2018 prices). S. M. Cretney argues that “Hailsham
522-660: Is difficult to make any rational estimate of quite what a Hailsham administration would have achieved” had he become Prime Minister in 1963. In Jimmy McGovern 's 2002 film Sunday , which portrayed the events of Bloody Sunday and the subsequent Widgery Tribunal , Hailsham was played by the actor Oliver Ford Davies . Defunct Hogg's 1945 book The Left Was Never Right was a fierce response to two books in Victor Gollancz 's "Victory Books" series, Guilty Men by Frank Owen , Michael Foot , and Peter Howard , and Your M.P. by Tom Wintringham , both published during
580-630: The 1933 King and Country debate at the Oxford Union. Hogg participated in his first election campaign in the 1924 general election , and all subsequent general election campaigns until his death. In 1938, Hogg was chosen as a candidate for Parliament in the Oxford by-election . This election took place shortly after the Munich Agreement and the Labour candidate Patrick Gordon Walker
638-443: The 1963 St Marylebone by-election . Hogg as a campaigner was known for his robust rhetoric and theatrical gestures. He was usually in good form in dealing with hecklers, a valuable skill in the 1960s, and was prominent in the 1964 general election. One evening when giving a political address, he was hailed by his supporters as he leaned over the lectern pointing at a long-haired heckler. He said, "Now, see here, Sir or Madam whichever
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#1732775922213696-618: The Earl of Home was promoted to Leader of the House of Lords and also continued as Secretary of State for Commonwealth Affairs , before replacing Lloyd as Foreign Secretary in 1960. Lord Kilmuir and Alan Lennox-Boyd retained their offices of Lord Chancellor and Secretary of State for the Colonies respectively, while Lord Hailsham became a member of the cabinet for the first time as Minister of Education . Future Chancellor Iain Macleod
754-661: The Marquess of Salisbury . In a radical reshuffle dubbed " The Night of the Long Knives ", Macmillan sacked a third of his Cabinet and instituted many other changes. Members of the Cabinet are in bold face. Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone Quintin McGarel Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone KG , CH , PC , FRS (9 October 1907 – 12 October 2001), known as
812-557: The Shadow Cabinets of Edward Heath and Margaret Thatcher , then again as Lord Chancellor from 1979 to 1987 under Margaret Thatcher . Hailsham was widely considered as a traditionalist Lord Chancellor. He put great emphasis on the traditional roles of his post, sitting on the Appellate Committee of the House of Lords more frequently than any of his post-war predecessors. Appointment of deputies to preside over
870-513: The Suez Canal had been captured. When, in the middle of the operation, Lord Mountbatten threatened to resign as First Sea Lord in protest, Hailsham ordered him in writing to stay on duty: he believed that Mountbatten was entitled to be protected by his minister, and that he was bound to resign if the honour of the Navy was impaired by the conduct of the operation. Hailsham remained critical of
928-611: The United Kingdom that began in 1957 and ended in 1964 consisted of three ministries: the first Macmillan ministry , second Macmillan ministry , and then the Douglas-Home ministry . They were respectively led by Harold Macmillan and Sir Alec Douglas-Home , who were appointed by Queen Elizabeth II . Sir Anthony Eden resigned from his positions of Leader of the Conservative Party and Prime Minister of
986-531: The Valais Alps . The fractures (which he wrongly believed to be sprains) healed at the time. Hailsham remained physically energetic until late middle age, and in the 1960s he could often be seen cycling unsteadily around London, dressed in the bowler hat and pin-striped suit of a barrister. However, both of his damaged ankles, as he later wrote, "packed up within a week of one another in June 1974". Thereafter he
1044-451: The 2nd Viscount Hailsham between 1950 and 1963, at which point he disclaimed his hereditary peerage, was a British barrister and Conservative Party politician. Like his father, Hailsham was considered to be a contender for the leadership of the Conservative Party. He was a contender to succeed Harold Macmillan as prime minister in 1963, renouncing his hereditary peerage to do so, but was passed over in favour of Sir Alec Douglas-Home . He
1102-488: The British population was enjoying in the late 1950s. However, a series of economic measures in the early 1960s caused the popularity of the Conservative Party to decline. Macmillan tried to remedy this by a major cabinet reshuffle in July 1962. Seven cabinet members were sacked in what became nicknamed the " Night of the Long Knives ". Notably, the emerging Reginald Maudling replaced Selwyn Lloyd as Chancellor, and Lord Kilmuir
1160-471: The Conservative Party won a notable victory in the 1959 general election , which it had been predicted to lose. Nevertheless, shortly after the election, Hailsham was sidelined, and was made Minister for Science and Technology, serving in that post until 1964. His tenure as Science Minister was successful, and he was later elected to the Royal Society under Statute 12 in 1973. Concurrently, Hailsham
1218-758: The Conservatives returned to power under Churchill in 1951, he refused to be considered for office. In 1956, he refused appointment as Postmaster-General under Anthony Eden on financial grounds, only to accept appointment as First Lord of the Admiralty six weeks later. His appointment, however, had to be delayed because of the Crabb affair . As First Lord, Hailsham was briefed about Eden's plans to use military force against Egypt, which he thought were 'madness'. Nevertheless, once Operation Musketeer had been launched, he thought that Britain could not retreat until
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#17327759222131276-588: The House of Lords, having ceased to be a member of it, but was made Minister for Education in April 1964. Selwyn Lloyd also returned to the government after a one-year absence, as Leader of the House of Commons. Douglas-Home's government was defeated in the October 1964 general election . He remained party leader until July 1965. The 1957–1964 Conservative government saw several emerging figures who would later attain high office. Future Prime Minister Edward Heath became
1334-692: The Lords enabled him to give more time to judicial work, although he often sat on the woolsack himself. He was protective of the English bar, opposing the appointment of solicitors to the High Court and the extension of their rights of audience . He was, however, responsible for implementing the far-reaching 1971 reform of the courts system, and championed law reform and the work of the Law Commission . After his retirement, Hailsham vigorously opposed
1392-472: The Penguin paperback The Case for Conservatism , was a similar response to Labour Marches On by John Parker MP. Published in 1947 in the aftermath of the crushing Conservative election defeat of 1945, and aimed at the mass market and the layman, it presented a well-written and coherent case for Conservatism. According to the book, the role of Conservatism is not to oppose all change but to resist and balance
1450-605: The Rt. Hon. Viscount Hailsham, Q.C." London: MacGibbon & Kee, 1957. OCLC Number: 1412752. A defence of the policies of then-Prime Minister Anthony Eden. Clifford, Ross. Leading Lawyers' Case for the Resurrection. Edmonton, Alberta: Canadian Institute for Law, Theology, and Public Policy, 1996. ISBN 9781896363028 . (Also published as The Case for the Empty Tomb: Leading Lawyers Look at
1508-526: The Thatcher government's plans to reform the legal profession. He opposed the introduction of contingency fees , observing that the professions were "not like the grocer's shop at the corner of a street in a town like Grantham " – a reference to Margaret Thatcher's origins – ( Hansard 5L, 505.1334, 7 April 1989) and arguing that the Courts and Legal Services Act (1990) disregarded "almost every principle of
1566-640: The United Kingdom on 9 January 1957. This was mainly a consequence of the Suez Crisis fiasco of the previous autumn, but was also owing to his increasingly failing health. Harold Macmillan , formerly Foreign Secretary and Chancellor of the Exchequer , was chosen over Rab Butler as the new party leader and consequently as Prime Minister. Harold Macmillan tried to placate Butler, who had stood against Macmillan as leader, by appointing him to
1624-525: The actions of the then Chancellor of the Exchequer , Harold Macmillan , during the crisis, believing that he had suffered from a failure of nerve. Hailsham became Minister of Education in 1957 under Macmillan, holding the office for eight months, before accepting appointment as Lord President of the Council and Chairman of the Conservative Party in September 1957. During his term as Party Chairman,
1682-499: The army with the rank of major. In the run-up to the 1945 election, Hogg wrote a response to the book Guilty Men , called The Left Was Never Right . Hogg's father died in 1950 and Hogg entered the House of Lords , succeeding his father as the second Viscount Hailsham . Believing his political career to be over he concentrated on his career at the bar for some years, taking silk in 1953 and becoming head of his barristers' chambers in 1955, succeeding to Kenneth Diplock . When
1740-485: The art of kicking a friend in the guts". He added, "When self-indulgence has reduced a man to the shape of Lord Hailsham, sexual continence involves no more than a sense of the ridiculous". In 15 July, he and Averell Harriman arrived in Moscow on nuclear test-ban negotiations. Hailsham was Leader of the House of Lords when Harold Macmillan announced his sudden resignation from the premiership for health reasons at
1798-728: The book's title alluded to remarks about sparrows and faith recorded in Bede 's Ecclesiastical History and the words of Christ in the Gospel of Matthew . Rees, J. (John) Tudor , and Harley V. Usill, editors. They Stand Apart: A Critical Survey of the Problems of Homosexuality. London: William Heinemann, Ltd., 1955. A collection of essays by multiple authors. Lewis, Geoffrey. Lord Hailsham: A Life. London: Jonathan Cape Ltd., 1997. Utley, T. E. (Thomas Edwin). Not Guilty: The Conservative Reply. A Vindication of Government Policy. "Foreword by
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1856-533: The case might be, we have had enough of you!" The police ejected the man and the crowd applauded and Hogg went on as if nothing had happened. Another time, when a Labour Party supporter waved a Harold Wilson placard in front of him, Hogg smacked it with his walking-stick. Hogg served in the Conservative shadow cabinet during the Wilson government, and built up his practice at the bar where one of his clients
1914-514: The cost and because his wife found the upkeep too much of a strain, but he continued to visit it thereafter. His wife Mary was killed in front of her husband in a horse-riding accident during a visit to Sydney, Australia , in 1978. Hailsham was distraught and blamed himself for not having reminded her to wear a hard hat. Her gravestone at All Saints, Herstmonceux, Sussex, describes her as his "radiant and joyous companion". On 1 March 1986, Hailsham married Deirdre Margaret Shannon Aft (1928/9–1998),
1972-627: The desert campaign as a platoon commander with the Rifle Brigade during the Second World War . His commanding officer had been his contemporary at Eton; after him and the second-in-command, Hogg was the third-oldest officer in the battalion. After a knee wound in August 1941, which almost cost him his right leg, Hogg was deemed too old for further front-line service, and later served on the staff of General "Jumbo" Wilson before leaving
2030-442: The life of Jesus . The book included a particularly moving passage about suicide; when he was a young man his half-brother Edward Marjoribanks had taken his own life, and the experience left Hailsham with a deep conviction that suicide is always wrong. His writings on Christianity have been the subject of discussion in the writings of Ross Clifford . Hailsham revisited themes of faith in his memoirs A Sparrow's Flight (1991), and
2088-478: The methodology which law reform ought to attract" and was no less than an attempt to "nationalise the profession and part of the judiciary" ( Hansard 5L, 514.151, 19 December 1989). Towards the end of his life Hailsham suffered from depression, which he managed somewhat by his lifelong love of classical literature. Hailsham remained an active if semi-detached member of the governing body of All Souls College almost until his death. In addition to his peerages, he
2146-542: The next general election. The election of Harold Wilson as Labour Party leader early in the year, following the sudden death of Hugh Gaitskell , was well received by voters, with opinion polls showing the Labour Party ascendant. However, it was still considered a surprise when Macmillan resigned in October 1963. Macmillan's resignation saw a three-way tussle for the party leadership and premiership. Given that it
2204-590: The passage of the Courts Act 1971 , which fundamentally reformed the English justice by abolishing the ancient assizes and quarter sessions , which were replaced by permanent Crown Courts . The Act also established a unified court service, under the responsibility of the Lord Chancellor's Department , which as a result expanded substantially. He also piloted through the House of Lords Heath's controversial Industrial Relations Act 1971 , which established
2262-410: The role of Conservatism was to oppose an ostensible danger from the opposite direction, the regulation, intervention, and controls favoured by social democracy. Hailsham was also known for his writings on faith and belief. In 1975 he published his spiritual autobiography The Door Wherein I Went , which included a brief chapter of Christian apologetics , using legal arguments concerning the evidence for
2320-450: The senior position of Home Secretary . Peter Thorneycroft became Chancellor of the Exchequer, but caused embarrassment for Macmillan when he resigned only a year later. He was replaced by Derick Heathcoat Amory , previously Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food . Selwyn Lloyd was retained as Foreign Secretary, a post he held until 1960, when he succeeded Heathcoat Amory as Chancellor. Ernest Marples became Minister for Transport and
2378-479: The short-lived National Industrial Relations Court . Hailsham announced his retirement after the end of the Heath government in 1974. He popularised the term ' elective dictatorship ' in 1976, later writing a detailed exposition, The Dilemma of Democracy . However, after the tragic death of his second wife in a riding accident, he decided to return to active politics, first as a Shadow Minister without Portfolio in
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2436-595: The start of the 1963 Conservative Party conference. At that time there was no formal ballot for the Conservative Party leadership. Hailsham, who was at first Macmillan's preferred successor, announced that he would use the newly enacted Peerage Act 1963 to disclaim his title and fight a by-election and return to the House of Commons. His publicity-seeking antics at the Party Conference—such as feeding his baby daughter in public, and allowing his supporters to distribute "Q" (for Quintin) badges—were considered vulgar at
2494-459: The time, so Macmillan did not encourage senior party members to choose him as his successor. Eventually, on the advice of Macmillan, The Queen chose Sir Alec Douglas-Home to succeed Macmillan as prime minister. Hailsham nevertheless renounced his peerage on 20 November 1963, becoming again Quintin Hogg . He stood and was elected as MP for St Marylebone , his father's old constituency, in
2552-512: The title Macmillan ministry . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Macmillan_ministry&oldid=1187983269 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages First Macmillan ministry The Conservative government of
2610-402: The volatility of current political fads and ideology, and to defend a middle position that enshrines a slowly changing organic humane traditionalism. For example, in the 19th century Conservatives often opposed the policies of prevailing British liberalism, favouring factory regulation, market intervention and controls to mitigate the effects of laissez faire capitalism, but in the 20th century
2668-499: The war and largely attempting to discredit Tory MPs as appeasers and war profiteers. The Wintringham volume had been republished in the lead up to the 1945 general election, widely acknowledged at the time as a major factor in shifting public opinion away from the Conservative party. Hogg's book sought to contrast Wintringham's statistics on appeasement with patriotic statistics of his own, maintaining that Labour MPs had been lacking in their wartime duties. Perhaps his most important book,
2726-651: Was Lord Privy Seal between 1959 and 1960, Lord President of the Council between 1960 and 1964, and Leader of the House of Lords between 1960 and 1963, having been Deputy Leader between 1957 and 1960. He was also given a number of special assignments by Macmillan, becoming Minister with special responsibility for Sport from 1962 to 1964, for unemployment in the North-East between 1963 and 1964 and for higher education between 1963 and 1964. Hailsham, who had little interest in sports, thought little of his appointment as de facto Sports minister, later writing that "[t]he idea of
2784-503: Was alleged that Macmillan had pulled strings and used the party's grandees, nicknamed "The Magic Circle", to ensure that Butler was once again overlooked. In the Douglas-Home ministry, Rab Butler became Foreign Secretary, and Henry Brooke replaced Butler as Home Secretary. Reginald Maudling continued as Chancellor, while Quintin Hogg remained as Lord President of the Council and Minister for Sports. He could not continue as Leader of
2842-422: Was appointed Minister of Labour and National Service and succeeded Lennox-Boyd as Secretary of State for the Colonies in 1961. The Conservatives comfortably won the 1959 general election , increasing their majority in the House of Commons, following a campaign slogan "Life's better with the Conservatives". This centred on the consistently low unemployment, strong economy and rising standard of living that much of
2900-693: Was appointed a Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour in 1974 and was made a Knight Companion of the Garter in 1988. Hailsham was married three times. He was married firstly in 1932 to Natalie Sullivan. The marriage was dissolved in 1943 after he returned from the war to find her, as he later put it in a television interview, "not alone": she was with French president Charles de Gaulle 's chef de cabinet , François Coulet. On 18 April 1944, he married Mary Evelyn Martin (19 May 1919 – 10 March 1978),
2958-486: Was created a life peer in 1970 and served as Lord Chancellor , the office formerly held by his father, in 1970–74 and 1979–87. Born in Bayswater , London, Hogg was the son of the 1st Viscount Hailsham , who was Lord Chancellor under Stanley Baldwin , and grandson of Quintin Hogg , a merchant, philanthropist and educational reformer , and an American mother; Hogg's great-grandfather was Sir James Hogg, 1st Baronet ,
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#17327759222133016-614: Was criticised by his opponents, although he later redeemed himself in the eyes of the profession by appointing Lord Lane to succeed Widgery. His appointment as Lord Chancellor caused some amusement; in October 1962 he had told a journalist (Logan Gourlay of the Daily Express ) that when he had inherited his title he had thought that by 1970 if the Tory Government were in power “some ass might make me Lord Chancellor”. During his first term as Lord Chancellor, Hailsham oversaw
3074-516: Was not considered appropriate for a Prime Minister to be a member of the House of Lords , the Earl of Home and Lord Hailsham both disclaimed their peerages under the Peerage Act 1963 , and became known respectively as Sir Alec Douglas-Home and Quintin Hogg. Rab Butler was also in the running for the post, but Douglas-Home was finally chosen to succeed Macmillan. This was seen as controversial, for it
3132-567: Was on any assessment one of the outstanding personalities of 20th-century British politics. None of his contemporaries combined so brilliant and well-trained an intellect with a capacity for oratory that enjoyed such wide appeal. His most notable success may well have been his role in reviving the Conservative Party's fortunes in the 1950s … even so, Hailsham's actual achievements in politics arguably failed to reflect his remarkable intellectual power and oratorical skills" and that given his "emotional and temperamental volatility and even instability ... it
3190-460: Was only able to walk short distances, with the aid of two walking-sticks. In old age he also suffered from arthritis. Lord Hailsham of St Marylebone died from heart failure and pneumonia at his home in Putney Heath , London, on 12 October 2001, three days after his 94th birthday. The viscountcy that he had disclaimed in 1963 was inherited by his elder son Douglas , who was then an MP. As
3248-534: Was persuaded to step down to allow a unified challenge to the Conservatives; A. D. Lindsay , the Master of Balliol College fought as an 'Independent Progressive' candidate. Hogg narrowly defeated Lindsay, who was said to be horrified by the popular slogan of "Hitler wants Hogg". Hogg voted against Neville Chamberlain in the Norway Debate of May 1940, and supported Winston Churchill . He served briefly in
3306-446: Was replaced as Lord Chancellor by Lord Dilhorne , while Peter Thorneycroft returned to the cabinet as Minister of Defence . Rab Butler was also promoted to the office of First Secretary of State . The reshuffle was controversial within the Conservative Party, and was seen as a betrayal by many. Macmillan's credibility was also affected by the 1963 Profumo affair ; he was now in his 69th year, and had until after his 70th birthday to call
3364-540: Was the Prime Minister and political opponent Harold Wilson. When Edward Heath won the 1970 general election he received a life peerage as Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone , of Herstmonceux in the County of Sussex, and became Lord Chancellor . Hogg was the first to return to the House of Lords as a life peer after having disclaimed an hereditary peerage. Hailsham's choice of Lord Widgery as Lord Chief Justice
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