51-707: MAHLE GmbH is a German automotive parts manufacturer based in Stuttgart , Germany . It is one of the largest automotive suppliers worldwide. As a manufacturer of components and systems for the combustion engine and its periphery, the company is one of the three largest systems suppliers worldwide for engine systems, filtration, electrics, mechatronics, and thermal management. In 2018, Mahle's sales amounted to over €12.5 billion. As of 2022, its approximately 72,000 employees work in 152 production plants and 12 major research and development centers in Germany, Great Britain ,
102-481: A Competitive Industrial Performance (CIP) Index, which measures the competitive manufacturing ability of different nations. The CIP Index combines a nation's gross manufacturing output with other factors like high-tech capability and the nation's impact on the world economy. Germany topped the 2020 CIP Index, followed by China, South Korea , the United States, and Japan. In 2023, the manufacturing industry in
153-540: A foundation for public benefit. They transferred the company shares to the Mahle Foundation. In 1976, Mahle made the first series-production aluminium engine blocks in Europe using low-pressure die casting. In 1988, their composite camshaft was enhanced to production standards, and in 2001, they developed a cooling system for diesel engine pistons in high-speed passenger cars. The first all-plastic oil filter in
204-595: A product. Some industries, such as semiconductor and steel manufacturers, use the term fabrication instead. The manufacturing sector is closely connected with the engineering and industrial design industries. The Modern English word manufacture is likely derived from the Middle French manufacture ("process of making") which itself originates from the Classical Latin manū ("hand") and Middle French facture ("making"). Alternatively,
255-575: A result, they make only a reactive contribution. Emerging technologies have offered new growth methods in advanced manufacturing employment opportunities, for example in the Manufacturing Belt in the United States. Manufacturing provides important material support for national infrastructure and also for national defense . On the other hand, most manufacturing processes may involve significant social and environmental costs. The clean-up costs of hazardous waste , for example, may outweigh
306-2083: A series of articles on cars Body Framework Backbone chassis Beltline Body-on-frame Bumper Dagmar Cabrio coach Chassis Continental tire Crumple zone Fender ponton skirts Grille Hood scoop shaker Monocoque Overhang Pillar Platform Quarter panel Roof rack Spoiler Stressed member engine Subframe Tonneau Trunk lid Compartments Hood/bonnet Trunk/boot/dickie Doors Butterfly Canopy Gull-wing Scissor Sliding Suicide Swan Glass Glass run channel Greenhouse Opera window Power window Quarter glass Sunroof Windshield/windscreen washer fluid wiper Other elements Bumper sticker Curb feeler Front-end bra Hood ornament Instruments Japan black Nerf bar Omniview technology Parts Tire/tyre run-flat spare Geometry Approach and departure angles Breakover angle Overhang Ride height Roll center Turning radius Weight distribution Exterior equipment Lighting Automotive light bulb types Daytime running lamp Headlamp hidden high-intensity discharge sealed beam trafficators Other elements Horn Side-view mirror power Tow hitch Window deflector Legal Registration plate vanity plate Theft Vehicle identification number (VIN) [REDACTED] Category [REDACTED] Commons [REDACTED] Portal Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_auto_parts&oldid=1256803235 " Categories : Auto parts Car-related lists Lists of parts Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description
357-1064: A speed indicator) Tachometer (also called rev counters) Temperature gauge Tire pressure gauge Vacuum gauge Voltmeter Water temperature meter Oil pressure gauge Ignition system [ edit ] Sparking cable Distributor Distributor Cap Electronic timing controller Ignition box Ignition coil Ignition Coil Connector Ignition coil parts Ignition magneto Spark plug Glow plug Lighting and signaling system [ edit ] Main article: Automotive lighting Engine bay lighting Fog light (also called foglamp) Spotlight Headlight (also called headlamp) Headlight motor Interior light and lamp, Center dome, Vanity-Sun visor and rear side, Floor and Door-front, back, Boot lamp or Trunk lamp License plate lamp (also called number plate lamp or registration plate lamp) Side lighting Brake light , Third or Center Brake light Tail light Tail light cover Indicator light Turn signal control, also called
408-649: A wood, bone, or antler punch could be used to shape a stone very finely was developed during the Upper Paleolithic , beginning approximately 40,000 years ago. During the Neolithic period, polished stone tools were manufactured from a variety of hard rocks such as flint , jade , jadeite , and greenstone . The polished axes were used alongside other stone tools including projectiles , knives, and scrapers, as well as tools manufactured from organic materials such as wood, bone, and antler. Copper smelting
459-502: Is believed to have originated when the technology of pottery kiln allowed sufficiently high temperatures. The concentration of various elements such as arsenic increase with depth in copper ore deposits and smelting of these ores yields arsenical bronze , which can be sufficiently work-hardened to be suitable for manufacturing tools. Bronze is an alloy of copper with tin; the latter of which being found in relatively few deposits globally delayed true tin bronze becoming widespread. During
510-484: Is conventionally defined by the widespread manufacturing of weapons and tools using iron and steel rather than bronze. Iron smelting is more difficult than tin and copper smelting because smelted iron requires hot-working and can be melted only in specially designed furnaces. The place and time for the discovery of iron smelting is not known, partly because of the difficulty of distinguishing metal extracted from nickel-containing ores from hot-worked meteoritic iron. During
561-464: Is different from Wikidata Manufacturing Manufacturing is the creation or production of goods with the help of equipment, labor , machines , tools , and chemical or biological processing or formulation . It is the essence of the secondary sector of the economy . The term may refer to a range of human activity , from handicraft to high-tech , but it is most commonly applied to industrial design , in which raw materials from
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#1732797910948612-459: Is the field of engineering that designs and optimizes the manufacturing process , or the steps through which raw materials are transformed into a final product . The manufacturing process begins with the product design , and materials specification . These materials are then modified through manufacturing to become the desired product. Contemporary manufacturing encompasses all intermediary stages involved in producing and integrating components of
663-499: The Bronze Age , bronze was a major improvement over stone as a material for making tools, both because of its mechanical properties like strength and ductility and because it could be cast in molds to make intricately shaped objects. Bronze significantly advanced shipbuilding technology with better tools and bronze nails, which replaced the old method of attaching boards of the hull with cord woven through drilled holes. The Iron Age
714-612: The Oldowan " industry ", date back to at least 2.3 million years ago, with the earliest direct evidence of tool usage found in Ethiopia within the Great Rift Valley , dating back to 2.5 million years ago. To manufacture a stone tool, a " core " of hard stone with specific flaking properties (such as flint ) was struck with a hammerstone . This flaking produced sharp edges that could be used as tools, primarily in
765-629: The United States , Brazil , Japan , China , India , Poland , Romania , Spain , and Slovenia . Worldwide, over 6000 development engineers and technicians work as partners for Mahle's customers on new products and systems. In 1920, engineer and pilot Hellmuth Hirth established a small workshop in Bad Cannstatt with others, where he developed and constructed a two-stroke engine . 26-year-old Hermann Mahle started working for Hirth on 1 December 1920 as his seventh employee. The workshop
816-471: The primary sector are transformed into finished goods on a large scale. Such goods may be sold to other manufacturers for the production of other more complex products (such as aircraft, household appliances , furniture, sports equipment or automobiles ), or distributed via the tertiary industry to end users and consumers (usually through wholesalers, who in turn sell to retailers, who then sell them to individual customers). Manufacturing engineering
867-422: The 1830s. This transition included going from hand production methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, the increasing use of steam power and water power , the development of machine tools and the rise of the mechanized factory system . The Industrial Revolution also led to an unprecedented rise in the rate of population growth. Textiles were the dominant industry of
918-478: The 1890s after the introduction of the practical DC motor and the AC motor , was fastest between 1900 and 1930. This was aided by the establishment of electric utilities with central stations and the lowering of electricity prices from 1914 to 1917. Electric motors allowed more flexibility in manufacturing and required less maintenance than line shafts and belts. Many factories witnessed a 30% increase in output owing to
969-415: The 522 L (31,854 cu in) diesel MAN M9V 40/46). The Fellbach plant accounted for 70% of Germany's output of magnesium, aluminium and zinc alloy pressure die castings. After 1945, new products were developed and produced (such as aluminium cylinders with Cromal surface coatings in 1951). In 1964, Hermann and Ernst Mahle decided to waive private ownership in their company and make it part of
1020-536: The 8th century. Papermaking technology was spread to Europe by the Umayyad conquest of Hispania . A paper mill was established in Sicily in the 12th century. In Europe the fiber to make pulp for making paper was obtained from linen and cotton rags. Lynn Townsend White Jr. credited the spinning wheel with increasing the supply of rags, which led to cheap paper, which was a factor in the development of printing. Due to
1071-638: The CEO of General Electric , called for the United States to increase its manufacturing base employment to 20% of the workforce, commenting that the U.S. has outsourced too much in some areas and can no longer rely on the financial sector and consumer spending to drive demand. Further, while U.S. manufacturing performs well compared to the rest of the U.S. economy, research shows that it performs poorly compared to manufacturing in other high-wage countries. A total of 3.2 million – one in six U.S. manufacturing jobs – have disappeared between 2000 and 2007. In
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#17327979109481122-505: The English word may have been independently formed from the earlier English manufacture ("made by human hands") and fracture . Its earliest usage in the English language was recorded in the mid-16th century to refer to the making of products by hand. Human ancestors manufactured objects using stone and other tools long before the emergence of Homo sapiens about 200,000 years ago. The earliest methods of stone tool making, known as
1173-559: The Industrial Revolution in terms of employment, value of output and capital invested. The textile industry was also the first to use modern production methods. Rapid industrialization first began in Britain, starting with mechanized spinning in the 1780s, with high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurring after 1800. Mechanized textile production spread from Great Britain to continental Europe and
1224-621: The Mediterranean basin. Early construction techniques used by the Ancient Egyptians made use of bricks composed mainly of clay, sand, silt, and other minerals. The Middle Ages witnessed new inventions, innovations in the ways of managing traditional means of production, and economic growth. Papermaking , a 2nd-century Chinese technology, was carried to the Middle East when a group of Chinese papermakers were captured in
1275-638: The UK, EEF the manufacturers organisation has led calls for the UK economy to be rebalanced to rely less on financial services and has actively promoted the manufacturing agenda. According to the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), China is the top manufacturer worldwide by 2023 output, producing 28.7% of the total global manufacturing output, followed by the United States of America , Germany , Japan , and India . UNIDO also publishes
1326-527: The United States in the early 19th century, with important centres of textiles, iron and coal emerging in Belgium and the United States and later textiles in France. An economic recession occurred from the late 1830s to the early 1840s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanized spinning and weaving, slowed down and their markets matured. Innovations developed late in
1377-445: The benefits of a product that creates it. Hazardous materials may expose workers to health risks. These costs are now well known and there is effort to address them by improving efficiency , reducing waste, using industrial symbiosis , and eliminating harmful chemicals. The negative costs of manufacturing can also be addressed legally. Developed countries regulate manufacturing activity with labor laws and environmental laws. Across
1428-467: The casting of cannon, the blast furnace came into widespread use in France in the mid 15th century. The blast furnace had been used in China since the 4th century BC. The stocking frame , which was invented in 1598, increased a knitter's number of knots per minute from 100 to 1000. The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States from 1760 to
1479-568: The concept of "focus", with an implication that a business cannot perform at the highest level along all five dimensions and must therefore select one or two competitive priorities. This view led to the theory of "trade offs" in manufacturing strategy. Similarly, Elizabeth Haas wrote in 1987 about the delivery of value in manufacturing for customers in terms of "lower prices, greater service responsiveness or higher quality". The theory of "trade offs" has subsequently being debated and questioned, but Skinner wrote in 1992 that at that time "enthusiasm for
1530-451: The concepts of 'manufacturing strategy' [had] been higher", noting that in academic papers , executive courses and case studies , levels of interest were "bursting out all over". Manufacturing writer Terry Hill has commented that manufacturing is often seen as a less "strategic" business activity than functions such as marketing and finance , and that manufacturing managers have "come late" to business strategy-making discussions, where, as
1581-448: The factory as head of engineering. In 1924, the company merged with Chemische Fabrik Griesheim-Elektron, the inventors of the magnesium alloy Elektron , and was renamed Elektronmetall GmbH . In 1927, the company developed Germany's first controlled-expansion piston, and in 1931, the world's first aluminium ring carrier piston for diesel engines . Following this, piston technology was steadily improved. In 1931, aero engine manufacturing
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1632-2608: The following members: Automotive parts (Redirected from Automotive parts ) List of components of automobiles This is a list of auto parts , which are manufactured components of automobiles . This list reflects both fossil-fueled cars (using internal combustion engines ) and electric vehicles ; the list is not exhaustive. Many of these parts are also used on other motor vehicles such as trucks and buses . Car body and main parts [ edit ] Body components, including trim [ edit ] Bonnet/hood Bonnet/hood Car cover Support stick Hinges and springs Bumper Unexposed bumper Exposed bumper Cowl screen Decklid Fender ( wing or mudguard ) Fascia Grille (also called grill) Pillar and hard trim Quarter panel Radiator core support Rocker Roof rack Spoiler Front spoiler ( air dam ) Rear spoiler ( wing ) Rims Hubcap Tire/Tyre Trim package Trunk/boot/hatch Trunk/boot latch Valance Welded assembly Doors [ edit ] Anti-intrusion bar Outer door handle Inner door handle Window motor Door control module Door seal Door water-shield Hinge Door latch Door lock and power door locks Central-locking Fuel tank (or fuel filler ) door Windows [ edit ] Glass Sunroof Sunroof motor Sunroof Rail Sunroof Glass Window motor Window regulator Windshield (or windscreen) Windshield washer (or windscreen wiper) motor Window seal Low voltage/auxiliary electrical system and electronics [ edit ] Audio/video devices [ edit ] Antenna assembly Antenna cable Radio and media player Speaker Tuner Subwoofer Video player Cameras [ edit ] Backup camera Dashcam Digital Camera Low voltage electrical supply system [ edit ] Alternator Battery Performance Battery Battery Box Battery Cable terminal Battery Cable Battery Control system Battery Plate Battery tray Battery Cap Sulphuric Acid (American spelling: Sulfuric Acid) (H 2 SO 4 ) Distilled Water Voltage regulator Gauges and meters [ edit ] Ammeter Clinometer Dynamometer Fuel gauge Manometer Hydrometer Odometer (also called milometer or mileometers) Speedometer (also called
1683-402: The form of choppers or scrapers . These tools greatly aided the early humans in their hunter-gatherer lifestyle to form other tools out of softer materials such as bone and wood. The Middle Paleolithic , approximately 300,000 years ago, saw the introduction of the prepared-core technique , where multiple blades could be rapidly formed from a single core stone. Pressure flaking , in which
1734-481: The globe, manufacturers can be subject to regulations and pollution taxes to offset the environmental costs of manufacturing activities . Labor unions and craft guilds have played a historic role in the negotiation of worker rights and wages. Environment laws and labor protections that are available in developed nations may not be available in the third world . Tort law and product liability impose additional costs on manufacturing. These are significant dynamics in
1785-613: The growth of the ancient civilizations, many ancient technologies resulted from advances in manufacturing. Several of the six classic simple machines were invented in Mesopotamia. Mesopotamians have been credited with the invention of the wheel. The wheel and axle mechanism first appeared with the potter's wheel , invented in Mesopotamia (modern Iraq) during the 5th millennium BC. Egyptian paper made from papyrus , as well as pottery , were mass-produced and exported throughout
1836-602: The increasing shift to electric motors. Electrification enabled modern mass production, and the biggest impact of early mass production was in the manufacturing of everyday items, such as at the Ball Brothers Glass Manufacturing Company , which electrified its mason jar plant in Muncie, Indiana , U.S. around 1900. The new automated process used glass blowing machines to replace 210 craftsman glass blowers and helpers. A small electric truck
1887-407: The industry in the United States and other countries. According to a "traditional" view of manufacturing strategy, there are five key dimensions along which the performance of manufacturing can be assessed: cost, quality , dependability , flexibility and innovation . In regard to manufacturing performance, Wickham Skinner , who has been called "the father of manufacturing strategy ", adopted
1938-405: The large-scale manufacture of machine tools and the use of increasingly advanced machinery in steam-powered factories. Building on improvements in vacuum pumps and materials research, incandescent light bulbs became practical for general use in the late 1870s. This invention had a profound effect on the workplace because factories could now have second and third shift workers. Shoe production
1989-727: The market towards end customers . This relative cost reduction towards the market, is how manufacturing firms secure their profit margins . Manufacturing has unique health and safety challenges and has been recognized by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) as a priority industry sector in the National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) to identify and provide intervention strategies regarding occupational health and safety issues. Surveys and analyses of trends and issues in manufacturing and investment around
2040-423: The ongoing process, occurring over the last few decades, of manufacture-based industries relocating operations to "developing-world" economies where the costs of production are significantly lower than in "developed-world" economies. From a financial perspective, the goal of the manufacturing industry is mainly to achieve cost benefits per unit produced, which in turn leads to cost reductions in product prices for
2091-627: The period, such as the increasing adoption of locomotives, steamboats and steamships, hot blast iron smelting and new technologies, such as the electrical telegraph , were widely introduced in the 1840s and 1850s, were not powerful enough to drive high rates of growth. Rapid economic growth began to occur after 1870, springing from a new group of innovations in what has been called the Second Industrial Revolution . These innovations included new steel making processes , mass-production , assembly lines , electrical grid systems,
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2142-527: The production flow and some had special carriages for rolling heavy items into machining positions. Production of the Ford Model T used 32,000 machine tools. Lean manufacturing , also known as just-in-time manufacturing, was developed in Japan in the 1930s. It is a production method aimed primarily at reducing times within the production system as well as response times from suppliers and to customers. It
2193-437: The then-well-known technique of chain or sequential production. Ford also bought or designed and built special purpose machine tools and fixtures such as multiple spindle drill presses that could drill every hole on one side of an engine block in one operation and a multiple head milling machine that could simultaneously machine 15 engine blocks held on a single fixture. All of these machine tools were arranged systematically in
2244-10732: The turn signal lever, also called the "turn signal stalk" Sensors [ edit ] ABS Sensor Airbag sensors Automatic transmission speed sensor Brake sensor Camshaft position sensor Crankshaft position sensor Coolant temperature sensor Fuel level sensor Fuel pressure sensor Knock sensor Light sensor MAP sensor Mass airflow sensor Oil level sensor Oil pressure sensor Oxygen sensor ( O 2 ) Throttle position sensor Starting system [ edit ] Starter Starter drive starter pinion gear Starter motor Starter solenoid Glowplug Electrical switches [ edit ] Battery Door switch Ignition switch Power window switch Steering column switch Switch cover Switch panel Thermostat Frame switch Fan ditch Parts and functions of starter system Neutral Safety Switch Wiring harnesses [ edit ] ( wiring loom or cable loom ) Air conditioning harness Engine compartment harness Interior harness floor harness Main harness control harness Miscellaneous [ edit ] Air bag control module Alarm and siren Central locking system Chassis control computer Cruise control computer Door contact Engine computer and management system Engine control unit Fuse Fuse box Ground strap Grab Handle Navigation system / GPS navigation device Performance chip Performance monitor Relay connector Remote lock Shift improver Speed controller Speedometer calibrator Transmission computer Wiring connector Interior [ edit ] Floor components and parts [ edit ] Carpet and rubber and other floor material Center console (front and rear) Other components [ edit ] Roll cage or Exo cage Dash Panels Car seat [ edit ] Arm Rest Bench seat Bucket seat Children and baby car seat Fastener Headrest Seat belt Seat bracket Seat cover Seat track Other seat components Back seat Front seat Power-train and chassis [ edit ] See also: frame (vehicle) Braking system [ edit ] Anti-lock braking system ( ABS ) ABS steel pin FR Side Sensor FL Side Sensor RR Side Sensor RL Side Sensor ABS Motor Circuit Adjusting mechanism ( adjuster star wheel ) Anchor Bleed nipple Brake backing plate Brake backing pad Brake cooling duct Brake disc Brake Fluid Brake drum Brake lining Brake pad Brake pedal Brake piston Brake pump Brake roll Brake rotor Brake servo Brake shoe Brake lining Shoe web Brake warning light Calibrated friction brake Caliper Combination valve Dual circuit brake system Hold-down springs ( retainer springs ) Hose Brake booster hose Air brake nylon hose Brake duct hose Hydraulic booster unit Load-sensing valve Master cylinder Metering valve Park brake lever/handle ( hand brake ) Pressure differential valve Proportioning valve Reservoir Shoe return spring Tyre Vacuum brake booster Wheel cylinder ( slave cylinder ) Wheel stud Electrified powertrain components [ edit ] Electric motor Induction motor Synchronous motor High voltage battery pack Battery management system Nickel–metal hydride battery Lithium-ion battery Fuel cell Hydrogen tank DC-DC converter Inverter Charge port SAE J1772 (Type 1 connector) Type 2 connector CHAdeMO CCS Thermal management system Radiator Fan Antifreeze Charger Engine components and parts [ edit ] Diesel engine , petrol engine (gasoline engine) Accessory belt Air duct Air intake housing Air intake manifold Camshaft Camshaft bearing Camshaft fastener Camshaft follower Camshaft locking plate Camshaft pushrod Camshaft spacer ring Camshaft phase variator Connecting rod Connecting rod bearing Connecting rod bolt Connecting rod washer Crank case Crank pulley Crankshaft Crankshaft oil seal (or rear main seal) Cylinder head Cylinder head cover Other cylinder head cover parts Cylinder head gasket Distributor Distributor cap Drive belt Engine block Engine cradle Engine shake damper and vibration absorber Engine valve Fan belt Gudgeon pin ( wrist pin ) Harmonic balancer Heater Mounting Piston Piston pin and crank pin Piston pin bush Piston ring and circlip Poppet valve Positive crankcase ventilation valve (PCV valve) Pulley part Rocker arm Rocker cover Starter motor Starter pinion Starter ring Turbocharger and Supercharger Tappet Timing belt Timing tape Valve cover Valve housing Valve spring Valve stem seal Water pump pulley Engine cooling system [ edit ] Air blower Coolant hose (clamp) Cooling fan Fan belt Fan clutch Radiator Radiator bolt Radiator (fan) shroud Radiator gasket Radiator pressure cap Overflow tank Thermostat Water neck Water neck o-ring Water pipe Water pump Water pump gasket Water tank Engine oil systems [ edit ] Oil filter Oil gasket Oil pan Oil pipe Oil pump Oil strainer Oil suction filter Exhaust system [ edit ] See also: Exhaust gas recirculation Catalytic converter Exhaust clamp and bracket Exhaust flange gasket Exhaust gasket Exhaust manifold Exhaust manifold gasket Exhaust pipe Heat shield Heat sleeving and tape Resonator Muffler ( Silencer ) Spacer ring Fuel supply system [ edit ] Air filter Carburetor Choke cable Exhaust gas recirculation valve (EGR valve) Fuel cap or fuel filler cap Fuel cell Fuel cell component Fuel cooler Fuel distributor Fuel filter Fuel filter seal Fuel injector Fuel injector nozzle Fuel line Fuel pump Fuel pump gasket Fuel pressure regulator Fuel rail Fuel tank Fuel tank cover Fuel water separator Intake manifold Intake manifold gasket LPG ( Liquefied petroleum gas ) system assembly Throttle body Suspension and steering systems [ edit ] Axle Ball joint Beam axle Camber arm Control arm Idler arm Kingpin Lateral link Panhard rod Pitman arm Power steering assembly and component Rack end Shock absorber Spindle Spring Air spring Coil spring Leaf and parabolic leaf spring Rubber spring Spiral spring Stabilizer bars and link Steering arm Steering box Steering pump Steering column assembly Steering rack (a form of steering gear; see also rack and pinion and recirculating ball ) Steering shaft Steering wheel ( driving wheel ) Strut Stub axle Suspension link and bolt Tie Rod End Trailing arm Transmission system [ edit ] Adjustable pedal Axle shaft Bell housing Universal joint Carrier assembly Chain wheel and sprocket Clutch assembly Clutch cable Clutch disk Clutch fan Clutch fork Clutch hose Clutch lever Clutch lining Clutch pedal Clutch pressure plate Clutch shoe Clutch spring Differential Differential case Pinion bearing Differential clutch Spider gears Differential casing Differential flange Differential gear Differential seal Flywheel Flywheel ring gear Flywheel clutch Gear Gear coupling Gear pump Gear ring Gear stick ( gear-stick , gear lever , selection lever , shift stick , gear shifter ) Gearbox Idler gear Knuckle Master cylinder Output shaft Pinion Planetary gear set Prop shaft ( drive shaft , propeller shaft ) Shift cable Shift fork Shift knob Slave cylinder Speed reducer Speedometer gear Steering gear Torque converter Trans-axle housing Transfer case Transmission gear Transmission pan Transmission seal and bonded piston Transmission spring Transmission yoke Miscellaneous auto parts [ edit ] Air conditioning system (A/C) [ edit ] Automobile air conditioning A/C Clutch A/C Compressor A/C Condenser A/C Hose high pressure A/C Kit A/C Relay A/C Valve A/C Expansion Valve A/C Low-pressure Valve A/C Schroeder Valve A/C Inner Plate A/C Cooler A/C Evaporator A/C Suction Hose Pipe A/C Discharge Hose Pipe A/C Gas Receiver A/C Condenser Filter A/C Cabin Filter ( Pollen Filter ) Bearings [ edit ] Grooved ball bearing Needle bearing Roller bearing Sleeve bearing Wheel bearing Hose [ edit ] Fuel vapour hose Reinforced hose ( high-pressure hose ) Non-reinforced hose Radiator hose Other miscellaneous parts [ edit ] Logo Adhesive tape and foil Air bag Bolt cap License plate bracket Cables Speedometer cable Cotter pin Dashboard Center console Glove compartment Drag link Dynamic seal Fastener Gasket : Flat, moulded, profiled Hood and trunk release cable Horn and trumpet horn Injection-molded parts Instrument cluster Label Mirror Phone Mount Name plate Nut Flange nut Hex nut O-ring Paint Rivet Rubber (extruded and molded) Screw Shim Sun visor Washer See also [ edit ] 42-volt electrical system Fuel economy in automobiles Spare parts management Electric Car References [ edit ] v t e Automotive design Part of
2295-431: The world focus on such things as: In addition to general overviews, researchers have examined the features and factors affecting particular key aspects of manufacturing development. They have compared production and investment in a range of Western and non-Western countries and presented case studies of growth and performance in important individual industries and market-economic sectors. On June 26, 2009, Jeff Immelt ,
2346-648: The world followed in 2003. Mahle developed and constructed its first complete engine in the same year, which was used in Formula Student . Mahle has become a predominant system supplier for components of piston systems, cylinder components, valvetrain systems, air management systems, and liquid management systems. The Mahle Group generated sales in excess of €5.2 billion in 2010, and in excess of €12.8 billion in 2017. As of 2022, Mahle GmbH consists of five business units and four profit centers. The five business units are: The Mahle Management Board consists of
2397-857: Was introduced in Australia in the 1950s by the British Motor Corporation (Australia) at its Victoria Park plant in Sydney, from where the idea later migrated to Toyota. News spread to western countries from Japan in 1977 in two English-language articles: one referred to the methodology as the "Ohno system", after Taiichi Ohno , who was instrumental in its development within Toyota. The other article, by Toyota authors in an international journal, provided additional details. Finally, those and other publicity were translated into implementations, beginning in 1980 and then quickly multiplying throughout
2448-481: Was mechanized during the mid 19th century. Mass production of sewing machines and agricultural machinery such as reapers occurred in the mid to late 19th century. The mass production of bicycles started in the 1880s. Steam-powered factories became widespread, although the conversion from water power to steam occurred in England earlier than in the U.S. Electrification of factories, which had begun gradually in
2499-483: Was now used to handle 150 dozen bottles at a time whereas previously used hand trucks could only carry 6 dozen bottles at a time. Electric mixers replaced men with shovels handling sand and other ingredients that were fed into the glass furnace. An electric overhead crane replaced 36 day laborers for moving heavy loads across the factory. Mass production was popularized in the late 1910s and 1920s by Henry Ford 's Ford Motor Company , which introduced electric motors to
2550-462: Was split off as a separate company, Hirth-Moroten GmbH . In 1938, Elektronmetall became Mahle KG , and a new company logo was introduced. The company expanded, and before World War II was the only company in Germany manufacturing die-cast magnesium alloy products. During the war, the company's Bad Cannstatt factory made alloy pistons ranging from those for small cars to pistons with a 40 cm (15.7 in) bore for submarine engines (such as
2601-517: Was then called Versuchsbau Hellmuth Hirth . 1 December 1920 is acknowledged as the birth date of today's Mahle Group. It soon became clear that the workshop would not survive by only conducting engine tests, so the need arose to build a profitable line of production in order to finance ongoing engine tests. At that time, pistons in automotive engines were generally made of cast iron, but Versuchsbau Hellmuth Hirth experimented with light alloy pistons. On 1 November 1922, Hermann's brother Ernst joined
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