Malmöhus County ( Swedish : Malmöhus län ) was a county of Sweden from 1719 to 1996. On 1 January 1997 it was merged with Kristianstad County to form Skåne County . It had been named after Malmöhus , a castle in Malmö , which was also where the governor originally lived.
102-485: Malmöhus County was part of Skåne province which was controlled by Denmark until 1658. In 1657, Denmark declared war on Sweden , while Sweden was at war with Russia , Poland , and Austria . Swedish forces were sent immediately from Poland to Denmark. Denmark was defeated which required the transfer of Skåne , Halland, Blekinge and Bohuslän provinces to Sweden under the Treaty of Roskilde . Denmark attempted to regain
204-464: A Pomeranian griffin 's head. To distinguish it from the city's coat of arms the tinctures were changed and the official blazon for the provincial arms is, in English: Or , a griffin's head erased gules , crowned azure and armed azure, when it should be armed. The province was divided in two administrative counties 1719–1996. Coats of arms were created for these entities, also using
306-608: A personal union that would eventually develop into the 1660 integrated state called Denmark–Norway by modern historians, at the time sometimes referred to as the "Twin Kingdoms". Prior to 1660, Denmark–Norway was de jure a constitutional and elective monarchy in which the King's power was somewhat limited; in that year it became one of the most stringent absolute monarchies in Europe. The Dano-Norwegian union lasted until 1814, when
408-525: A sea level rise led to the complete drowning of Scania. Subsequently, marine sediments buried old surfaces preserving the rocky shores and hilly terrain of the day. In the Paleogene period southern Sweden was at a lower position relative to sea level but was likely still above it as it was covered by sediments. Rivers flowing over the South Småland peneplain flowed also across Scania which
510-614: A "400-year night". Historians describe the idea of a "400-year night" as a myth that was created as a rhetorical device in the struggle against the Swedish–Norwegian union , inspired by 19th-century national-romanticist ideas. Since the late 19th century the Danish–Norwegian union was increasingly viewed in a more nuanced and favourable light in Norway with a stronger focus on empirical research, and historians have highlighted that
612-508: A be a Danish puppet state, in all but name. The Baltic Sea was one of the most lucrative trade spots in Europe. The German Hanseatic League used to be the dominant party in the region, but the slow collapse of the League allowed for Denmark–Norway to begin enforcing their control in the area. Denmark–Norway had a powerful navy , and with their control over the Oresund was able to enforce
714-597: A change of power in the region. Denmark–Norway had territory surrounding Sweden which appeared threatening, and the Sound Dues were a continuing irritation for the Swedes. In 1643 the Swedish Privy Council determined that the chances of a gain in territory for Sweden in an eventual war against Denmark–Norway would be good. Not long after this, Sweden invaded Denmark–Norway. Denmark was poorly prepared for
816-601: A coat of arms had to be created for the newly acquired province, as each province was to be represented by its arms at his royal funeral. After an initiative from Baron Gustaf Bonde , the Lord High Treasurer of Sweden , the coat of arms of the City of Malmö was used as a base for the new provincial arms. The Malmö coat of arms had been granted in 1437, during the Kalmar Union , by Eric of Pomerania and contains
918-697: A crushing defeat. This led to most of the German Protestant states ceasing their support for Christian IV. After another defeat at the Battle of Wolgast and following the Treaty of Lübeck in 1629, which forbade Denmark–Norway from future intervening in German affairs, Denmark–Norways's participation in the war came to an end. Sweden was very successful during the Thirty Years' War, while Denmark–Norway failed to make gains. Sweden saw an opportunity of
1020-420: A different shape. All other lakes tend to be round, oval or of more complex shape and also lack any specific cardinal direction. Ringsjön , in the middle of the province, is the largest of such lakes. In the winter, some smaller lakes east of Lund often attract young Eurasian sea eagles ( Haliaeetus albicilla ). Where the sea meets higher parts of the sloping landscape, cliffs emerge. Such cliffs are white if
1122-705: A governor ( landshövding ) appointed by the central government of Sweden . When the first local government acts took effect in 1863, each county also got an elected county council ( landsting ). The counties were further divided into municipalities. The local government reform of 1952 reduced the number of municipalities, and a second subdivision reform, carried out between 1968 and 1974, established today's 33 municipalities ( Swedish : kommuner ) in Scania. The municipalities have municipal governments, similar to city commissions , and are further divided into parishes ( församlingar ). The parishes are primarily entities of
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#17327936723451224-573: A great power , while it marked the start of decline for Denmark–Norway. The Dano-Swedish War (1657–1658), a part of the Second Northern War, was one of the most devastating wars for the Dano-Norwegian kingdom. After a huge loss in the war, Denmark–Norway was forced in the Treaty of Roskilde to give Sweden a quarter of its territory. This included Norwegian province of Trøndelag and Båhuslen , all remaining Danish provinces on
1326-594: A hostile action, and attacked Copenhagen in 1801 and again in 1807 . In the 1807 attack on Copenhagen the British captured the entire Dano-Norwegian navy, burning most of the fleet and incorporating the remaining ships into the Royal Navy . The Dano-Norwegian navy was caught unprepared for any military operation and the British found their ships still in dock after the winter season. The Dano-Norwegians were more concerned about preserving their continued neutrality and
1428-547: A regional parliament had been introduced by the Social Democratic Party 's local districts in Scania and Västra Götaland already in 1993. When Sweden joined the European Union two years later, the concept " Regions of Europe " came in focus and a more regionalist-friendly approach was adopted in national politics. These factors contributed to the subsequent transformation of Skåne County into one of
1530-487: A war alliance. Attempts at diplomacy were made, but neither party was particularly interested in peace. When Frederick II included the traditionally Swedish insignia of three crowns into his own coat of arms, the Swedes interpreted this as a Danish claim over Sweden. In response, Erik XIV of Sweden (reigned 1560–1568) added the insignia of Norway and Denmark to his own coat of arms. Denmark–Norway then carried out some naval attacks on Sweden, which effectively started
1632-620: Is Skåne (formerly spelled Skaane in Danish and Norwegian ). The Latinized form Scania is an exonym in English. Sometimes the endonym Skåne is used in English text, such as in tourist information, even sometimes as Skane with the diacritic omitted. Scania (as also Dalarna ) is one of the few Swedish provinces for which exonyms are widely used in many languages, such as French Scanie , Dutch and German Schonen , Polish Skania , Spanish Escania , Italian Scania , etc. For
1734-645: Is a Danish land. The names Scania and Scandinavia are considered to have the same etymology. The southernmost tip of what today is Sweden was called Scania by the Romans and thought to be an island. The actual etymology of the word remains dubious and has long been a matter of debate among scholars. The name is possibly derived from the Germanic root *Skaðin-awjã , which appears in Old Norse as Skáney [ˈskɑːnˌœy] . According to some scholars,
1836-637: Is a term for the 16th-to-19th-century multi-national and multi-lingual real union consisting of the Kingdom of Denmark , the Kingdom of Norway (including the then Norwegian overseas possessions: the Faroe Islands , Iceland , Greenland , and other possessions ), the Duchy of Schleswig , and the Duchy of Holstein . The state also claimed sovereignty over three historical peoples: Frisians , Gutes and Wends . Denmark–Norway had several colonies, namely
1938-480: Is among the most fertile in the world. The Kullaberg Nature Preserve in northwest Scania is home to several rare species including spring vetchling, Lathyrus sphaericus . [T]he present landscape is a mosaic of landforms shaped during widely different ages. The gross relief of Scania reflects more the preglacial development than the erosion and deposits caused by the Quaternary glaciers . In Swedish
2040-791: Is generally not mountainous , though a few examples of uncovered cliffs can be found at Hovs Hallar , at Kullaberg , and on the island Hallands Väderö . With the exception of the lake-rich and densely forested northern parts ( Göinge ), the rolling hills in the north-west (the Bjäre and Kulla peninsulas) and the beech-wood-clad areas extending from the slopes of the horsts, a sizeable portion of Scania's terrain consists of plains . Its low profile and open landscape distinguish Scania from most other geographical regions of Sweden which consist mainly of waterway-rich, cool, mixed coniferous forests , boreal taiga and alpine tundra . The province has several lakes but there are relatively few compared to Småland ,
2142-494: Is higher than in any other region in Sweden. The Scanian plains are an important resource for Sweden since 25–95% of the total production of various types of cereals come from the region. Almost all Swedish sugar beet comes from Scania; the plant needs a long vegetation period . The same applies also to maize , peas and rape (grown for its oil), although these plants are less imperative in comparison with sugar beets. The soil
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#17327936723452244-713: Is part of the pinewood vegetation zone, in which spruce grows naturally. Within the larger part, pine may grow together with birch on sandy soil. The most common tree is beech . Other common trees are willow , oak , ash , alder and elm (which until the 1970s formed a few forests but now is heavily infected by the elm disease ). Also rather southern trees like walnut tree , chestnut and hornbeam can be found. In parks horse chestnut , lime and maple are commonly planted as well. Common fruit trees planted in commercial orchards and private gardens include several varieties of apple , pear , cherry and plum ; strawberries are commercially cultivated in many locations across
2346-518: Is the main artery through the western part of Scania all the way from Trelleborg to the provincial border towards neighbouring Halland . It continues along the Swedish west coast to Gothenburg and most of the way to the Norwegian border. There are also several other motorways, especially around Malmö . Since 2000, the economic focus of the region has changed, with the opening of a road link across
2448-402: Is the only one of its kind using a heraldic coat of arms. It is also the same as the province's and the county's, but with a golden griffin's head on a blue shield. The 33 municipalities within the county also have coats of arms. The Scania Griffin has become a well-known symbol for the province and is also used by commercial enterprises. It is, for instance, included in the logotypes of
2550-466: Is the southernmost of the historical provinces ( landskap ) of Sweden . Located in the south tip of the geographical region of Götaland , the province is roughly conterminous with Skåne County , created in 1997. Like the other historical provinces of Sweden, Scania still features in colloquial speech and in cultural references, and can therefore not be regarded as an archaic concept. Within Scania there are 33 municipalities that are autonomous within
2652-501: The Caribbean and India . At its height the empire was about 2,655,564.76 km (1,025,319 sq mi), after the dissolution of the union, in 1814, all the overseas territories became a part of Denmark. Denmark–Norway maintained numerous colonies from the 17th to 19th centuries over various parts around India. Colonies included the town of Tranquebar and Serampore . The last settlements Denmark had control over were sold to
2754-653: The Church of Sweden , but they also serve as a divisioning measure for the Swedish population registration and other statistical uses. In 1999, the county council areas were amalgamated, forming Skåne Regional Council ( Region Skåne ), responsible mainly for public healthcare, public transport and regional planning and culture. During the Danish era, the province had no coat of arms . In Sweden, however, every province had been represented by heraldic arms since 1560. When Charles X Gustav of Sweden suddenly died in 1660
2856-659: The Danish Copenhagen region at north-east Zealand , on the other side of Øresund Sea, is even more densely populated. The north-east part of Zealand (or the Danish Region Hovedstaden without the Baltic island of Bornholm ) has a population density of 878 inhabitants/km , most of Greater Copenhagen included. By adding the population of western Scania to the same of Metropolitan area of Copenhagen , then close to 3 million people live around
2958-818: The Danish Gold Coast , Danish India (the Nicobar Islands , Serampore , Tharangambadi ), and the Danish West Indies . The union was also known as the Dano-Norwegian Realm ( Det dansk-norske rige ), Twin Realms ( Tvillingerigerne ) or the Oldenburg Monarchy ( Oldenburg-monarkiet ). The state's inhabitants were mainly Danes , Norwegians and Germans , and also included Faroese , Icelanders and Inuit in
3060-526: The Dannebrog became the only official merchant flag in the union. Denmark–Norway became an absolutist state and Denmark a hereditary monarchy , as Norway de jure had been since 1537. These changes were confirmed in the Leges regiae signed on 14 November 1665, stipulating that all power lay in the hands of the king, who was only responsible to God. In Denmark, the kings also began stripping rights from
3162-826: The Great Belt . Regardless of counting a smaller area with higher population density or a larger one, the Øresund Strait is located in the largest metropolitan area in Scandinavia with Finland . In 1658 , the following ten places in Scania were chartered and held town rights : Lund (since approximately 990), Helsingborg (1085), Falsterbo (approximately 1200), Ystad (approximately 1200), Skanör (approximately 1200), Malmö (approximately 1250), Simrishamn (approximately 1300), Landskrona (1413), and Kristianstad (1622). Others had existed earlier, but lost their privileges. Ängelholm got new privileges in 1767, and in 1754, Falsterbo and Skanör were merged. The concept of municipalities
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3264-593: The Jurassic and Cretaceous epochs led to the formation of hundreds of small volcanoes in central Scania . Remnants of the volcanoes are still visible today. Parallel with volcanism a hilly peneplain formed in northeastern Scania due to weathering and erosion of basement rocks . The kaolinite formed by this weathering can be observed at Ivö Klack . In the Campanian age of the Late Cretaceous
3366-506: The Malmö constituency was formed and the three other cities were divided into north-south redrawn boundaries. After the merger with Kristianstad County, these constituencies have been known as Skåne Southern and Skåne Western . 55°40′N 13°20′E / 55.667°N 13.333°E / 55.667; 13.333 Sk%C3%A5ne Scania , also known by its native name of Skåne ( Swedish: [ˈskôːnɛ] ),
3468-676: The Quaternary glaciations . The vast majority of Scania belongs to the European hardwood vegetation zone, a considerable part of which is now agricultural rather than the original forest. This zone covers Europe west of Poland and north of the Alps , and includes the British Isles , northern and central France and the countries and regions to the south and southeast of the North Sea up to Denmark. A smaller north-eastern part of Scania
3570-643: The Skåne Regional Council . Scania's largest city , Malmö , is the third-largest city in Sweden, as well as the fifth-largest in Scandinavia . To the north, Scania borders the former provinces of Halland and Småland , to the northeast Blekinge , to the east and south the Baltic Sea , and to the west Öresund . Since 2000, a road and railway bridge, the Öresund Bridge , bridges the Sound and connects Scania with Denmark. Scania forms part of
3672-534: The Sound Tolls , a tax enforced on ships passing through the Oresund. These tolls made up two thirds of Denmark's state income, and allowed Danish-Norwegian kings such as Christian IV to become extremely rich. Denmark–Norway also sought to expand into the eastern Baltic Sea as well. They controlled the island of Gotland , which was a major trading post, and using his wealth, King Frederick II purchased
3774-498: The Treaty of Kiel decreed that Norway (except for the Faroe Islands, Iceland, and Greenland) be ceded to Sweden. The treaty however was not recognised by Norway, which resisted the attempt in the 1814 Swedish–Norwegian War . Norway thereafter entered into a much looser personal union with Sweden until 1905, when that union was peacefully dissolved. The term "Kingdom of Denmark" is sometimes used to include both countries in
3876-475: The Treaty of Knäred was signed, in which Norway's land route from Sweden was regained by incorporating Lapland into Norway, and Swedish payment of the Älvsborg Ransom for two fortresses which Denmark–Norway had taken in the war. However, Sweden achieved an exemption from the Sound Toll. The great ransom paid by Sweden (called the Älvsborg Ransom) was used by Christian IV, among many other things, to found
3978-540: The Treaty of Roskilde in 1658, when all Danish lands east of Öresund were ceded to Sweden. Denmark regained control of the province (1676–1679) during the Scanian War and again briefly in 1711 during the Great Northern War . In July 1720, a peace treaty between Sweden and Denmark again confirmed the status of Scania as part of Sweden. The endonym used in Swedish and other North Germanic languages
4080-834: The United Kingdom in 1845. Rights in the Nicobar Islands were sold in 1869. Centred on the Virgin Islands , Denmark–Norway established the Danish West Indies. This colony was one of the longest-lived of Denmark, until it was sold to the United States in 1917. It became the U.S. Virgin Islands . In the Gold Coast region of West Africa, Denmark–Norway also over time had control over various colonies and forts. The last remaining forts were sold to
4182-569: The United Kingdom in 1850, from Denmark. The three kingdoms Denmark, Norway and Sweden united in the Kalmar Union in 1397. Sweden broke out of this union and re-entered it several times, until 1521, when Sweden finally left the Union, leaving Denmark–Norway (including overseas possessions in the North Atlantic and the island of Saaremaa in modern Estonia ). During the Count's Feud , where
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4284-468: The 1710 Battle of Helsingborg . In 1719, the province was subdivided in two counties and administered in the same way as the rest of Sweden . In July 1720, a peace treaty between Sweden and Denmark again confirmed the status of Scania as part of Sweden. On 28 November 2017, it was ruled that the Scanian flag would become the official regional flag of Scania. During Sweden's financial crisis in
4386-505: The Danish crown was contested by Protestant Oldenburg King Christian III and Catholic Noble Rebels, the relatively Catholic realm of Norway also wanted to leave the union in the 1530s, but was unable to do so due to Denmark's superior military might. In 1537, Denmark invaded Norway, and annexed it. In doing so, king Christian III removed Norway's equal status that was held during the Kalmar Union, and instead relegated Norway to
4488-565: The Danish nobility. The Danish and Norwegian nobility saw a population decline during the 1500s, which allowed the Crown to seize more land for itself. The growing wealth of the Danish-Norwegian kings due to the Oresund allowed them fight wars without consent from the nobility and Danish Rigsraad, meaning that Danish-Norwegian kings slowly gained more and more absolute authority over time. Denmark had lost its provinces in Scania after
4590-415: The Germanic stem can be reconstructed as * Skaðan- meaning "danger" or "damage" (English scathing , German Schaden , Swedish skada ). Skanör in Scania, with its long Falsterbo reef, has the same stem ( skan ) combined with - ör , which means "sandbanks". Between 1719 and 1996, the province was subdivided in two administrative counties ( län ), Kristianstad County and Malmöhus County , each under
4692-433: The Kingdom of Norway, titled as Olaf IV, after the death of his father Haakon VI of Norway , who was married to Olaf's mother Margaret I . Margaret I was ruler of Norway from her son's death in 1387 until her own death in 1412. Denmark, Norway, and Sweden established and formed the Kalmar Union in 1397. Following Sweden's departure in 1523, the union was effectively dissolved. From 1536/1537, Denmark and Norway formed
4794-600: The Lapps in Nordland", and started collecting taxes in Norwegian territory. Denmark–Norway and King Christian IV protested against the Swedish actions, as they had no intentions of letting another independent trade route open; Christian IV also had an intent of forcing Sweden to rejoin its union with Denmark–Norway. In 1611 Denmark–Norway finally invaded Sweden with 6,000 men and took the city of Kalmar . On 20 January 1613,
4896-425: The Norwegian economy thrived and that Norway was one of the world's wealthiest countries during the entire period of real union with Denmark. Historians have also pointed out that Norway was a separate state, with its own army, legal system and other institutions, with significant autonomy in its internal affairs, and that it was primarily governed by a local elite of civil servants who identified as Norwegian, albeit in
4998-411: The Norwegian overseas possessions, a Sami minority in northern Norway, as well as other indigenous peoples. The main cities of Denmark–Norway were Copenhagen , Christiania (Oslo), Altona , Bergen and Trondheim , and the primary official languages were Danish and German, but Norwegian, Icelandic, Faroese, Sami and Greenlandic were also spoken locally. In 1380, Olaf II of Denmark inherited
5100-572: The Norwegians objected to the terms of this treaty, and a constitutional assembly declared Norwegian independence on 17 May 1814 and elected the Crown Prince Christian Frederik as king of independent Norway. Following a Swedish invasion , Norway was forced to accept a personal union between Sweden and Norway , but retained its liberal constitution and separate institutions, except for the foreign service. The union
5202-616: The Protestants. With the money provided by the aforementioned states, along with his own personal fortune, Christian could hire a large army of mercenaries. Christian IV long sought to become the leader of the north German Lutheran states. He also had interests in gaining ecclesiastical posts in Northern Germany, such as the Prince-Bishopric of Verden . However, during the Battle of Lutter in 1626, Denmark faced
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#17327936723455304-542: The Scandinavian Peninsula and formed the eastern part of the kingdom of Denmark. This geographical position made it the focal point of the frequent Dano-Swedish wars for hundreds of years. By the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658, all Danish lands east of Öresund were ceded to Sweden. First placed under a Governor-General , the province was eventually integrated into the kingdom of Sweden. The last Danish attempt to regain its lost provinces failed after
5406-614: The Scanian Pågatåg trains serve Markaryd in Småland. There are basically three ticket systems: Skånetrafiken tickets can be purchased for all regional traffic including to Denmark, while the Danish Rejsekort system can only be used at stations served by Øresundståg and equipped with special card readers. Additionally, Swedish national SJ-tickets are available for longer trips to the north. The E6 motorway
5508-455: The Swedish mainland, and the island of Bornholm . However, two years later, in 1660, there was a follow-up treaty, the Treaty of Copenhagen , which gave Trøndelag and Bornholm back to Denmark–Norway. In the aftermath of Sweden's final secession from the Kalmar Union in 1521, civil war and the Protestant Reformation followed in Denmark and in Norway. When things had settled down, the Rigsraad ( High Council ) of Denmark became weak, and it
5610-444: The Treaty of Roskilde and was always eager to retrieve them, but as Sweden had grown into a great power it would not be an easy task. However, Christian V saw an opportunity when Sweden got involved in the Franco-Dutch War , and after some hesitation Denmark–Norway invaded Sweden in 1675. Although the Danish-Norwegian assault began as a great success, the Swedes led by 19-year-old Charles XI counter-attacked and took back
5712-399: The automotive manufacturer Scania AB and the airline Malmö Aviation . [REDACTED] Kingdom of Denmark 811?-1658 [REDACTED] Kingdom of Sweden 1658-present Scania was first mentioned in written texts in the 9th century. It came under Danish king Harald Bluetooth in the middle of the 10th century. It was then a region that included Blekinge and Halland , situated on
5814-535: The average of the temperature taken throughout both day and night unlike the more usual daily maximum or minimum average. This is done for specific measured periods of thirty years. The last period began at 1 January 1961 and ended at 31 December 1990. The current such period started at 1 January 1991 and will end by 31 December 2020. At that time it will be possible to with a high degree of mathematical certainty to measure possible climate changes, by comparing two separate periods of 30 years with each other. All three of
5916-453: The cities of Glückstadt , Christiania (refounded after a fire), Christianshavn , Christianstad and Christianssand . He also founded the Danish East India Company which led to the establishment of numerous Danish colonies in India . The remainder of the money was added to Christian's already massive personal treasury. Not long after the Kalmar war, Denmark–Norway became involved in another greater war, in which they fought together with
6018-424: The early and mid-1990s, Scania, Västra Götaland and Norrbotten were among the hardest hit in the country, with high unemployment rates as a result. In response to the crisis, the County Governors were given a task by the government in September 1996 to co-ordinate various measures in the counties to increase economic growth and employment by bringing in regional actors. The first proposal for regional autonomy and
6120-467: The entire Dano-Norwegian army was therefore gathered at Danevirke in the event of a French attack, leaving much of the combined state undefended. The British attack of 1807 effectively forced the Dano-Norwegians into an alliance with the French, although without a fleet they could do little. Denmark–Norway was defeated and had to cede the Kingdom of Norway to the King of Sweden at the Treaty of Kiel . Norway's overseas possessions were kept by Denmark. But
6222-416: The first "trial regions" in Sweden in 1999, established as the country's first "regional experiment". The relatively strong regional identity in Scania is often referred to in order to explain the general support in the province for the decentralization efforts introduced by the Swedish government. On the basis of large scale interview investigations about Region Skåne in Scania, scholars have found that
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#17327936723456324-400: The forest-dominated province of Småland . While the landscape typically has a slightly sloping profile, in some places, such as north of Malmö, the terrain is almost completely flat. The narrow lakes with a long north to south extent, which are very common further north, are lacking in Scania. The largest lake, Ivösjön in the north-east, has similarities with the lakes further north, but has
6426-421: The future through closer ties with the capital Copenhagen. Throughout the time of Denmark–Norway, it continuously had possession over various overseas territories. At the earliest times this meant areas in Northern Europe and North America , for instance Estonia and the Norwegian possessions of Greenland , the Faroe Islands and Iceland . From the 17th century, the kingdoms acquired colonies in Africa ,
6528-422: The glacial age. Skåne province is called the granary of Sweden due to its rich fertile soil. Until the 1991 election , Malmöhus County had two Riksdag constituencies, while the current area has been divided into three. In the Malmöhus timeframe, the four cities of Helsingborg , Landskrona , Lund and Malmö formed a four-city constituency, while the rural areas formed the Malmöhus constituency. In 1994 ,
6630-419: The griffin motif. The new Skåne County, operative from 1 January 1997, got a coat of arms that is the same as the province's, but with reversed tinctures. When the county arms is shown with a Swedish royal crown, it represents the County Administrative Board, which is the regional presence of central government authority. In 1999 the two county councils ( landsting ) were amalgamated forming Region Skåne . It
6732-456: The historical and legal roots of the union. It is adopted from the Oldenburg dynasty's official title. The kings always used the style "King of Denmark and Norway, the Wends and the Goths " ( Konge til Danmark og Norge, de Venders og Gothers ). Denmark and Norway, sometimes referred to as the "Twin Realms" ( Tvillingerigerne ) of Denmark–Norway, had separate legal codes and currencies, and mostly separate governing institutions. Following
6834-418: The introduction of absolutism in 1660, the centralisation of government meant a concentration of institutions in Copenhagen. Centralisation was supported in many parts of Norway, where the two-year attempt by Sweden to control Trøndelag had met strong local resistance and resulted in a complete failure for the Swedes and a devastation of the province. This allowed Norway to further secure itself militarily for
6936-438: The island of Osel in 1560. Denmark–Norway fiercely guarded her hegemony, destroying any new competitors in the Baltic. When Poland-Lithuania attempted to build a navy in 1571, the Danish-Norwegian fleet destroyed or captured much of the Polish fleet in the Battle of Hel . Christian III, who had relied on Swedish aid in the Count's Feud, kept peaceful relations with Sweden throughout his reign. However, Frederick II
7038-403: The land that was being occupied. The war was concluded with the French dictating peace, with no permanent gains or losses to either of the countries. During the French Revolutionary Wars Denmark–Norway at first tried to stay neutral, so it could continue its trade with both France and the United Kingdom , but when it entered the League of Armed Neutrality , the British considered this to be
7140-432: The lost provinces until 1710, but was unsuccessful. Malmöhus County was part of Scania province situated on a peninsula that projects into the Baltic Sea on the northeast of the Öresund straits. The geography differs in many aspects from the rest of Sweden . The coastal regions typically have flat sandy beaches, while inland areas have ridges of wooded hills and fields of rich fertile soil, which were left behind from
7242-408: The lowest ever recorded is −34 °C (−29 °F) ( Stehag , 26 January 1942) Temperatures below −15 °C (5 °F) are relatively rare even at night, while summer temperatures above 30 °C (86 °F) occurs once in a while every summer. Precipitation is spread fairly evenly, both across the province and during the year. Slightly more precipitation falls during July and August than during
7344-887: The mainly north German and other Protestant states against the Catholic states led by German Catholic League . The recent defeat of the Protestant League in both the Palatinate and Bohemian Campaigns, the Protestant nations of the Dutch Republic , England , and the Lower Saxon Circle , along with France, the latter of which aiming to weaken the Habsburgs , promised to fund Denmark's operations if Christian IV decided to intervene on behalf of
7446-460: The name of the "Danish" King. Norwegians were also well represented in the military, civil service and business elites of Denmark–Norway, and in the administration of the colonies in the Caribbean and elsewhere. Norway benefited militarily from the combined strength of Denmark–Norway in the wars with Sweden and economically from its trade relationship with Denmark in which Norwegian industry enjoyed
7548-536: The next 200 years. In the end, Pietism was never firmly established as a lasting religious grouping, but policies enacted by the "pietist king" affects citizens of Denmark, Norway and Iceland to this day, like the Holiday Peace Act. Although the Dano–Norwegian union was generally viewed favourably in Norway at the time of its dissolution in 1814, some 19th-century Norwegian writers disparaged the union as
7650-533: The northern locations are at low altitude and fairly close to the Baltic Sea. Compared with locations further north, the Scanian climate differs primary by being far less cold during the winter and in having longer springs and autumns. While the July temperatures does not differ much (see table above). The highest temperature ever recorded in the province is 36.0 °C (97 °F) ( Ängelholm , 30 July 1947) and
7752-400: The other months. Scania is divided into 33 municipalities with population and land surface as the table below shows. There is a large population difference between the western Scania, that is located by, or close to Øresund sea compared to the middle and eastern parts of the province. A small part of Båstad municipality is located within the neighbouring province of Halland , this includes
7854-555: The period, since the political and economic power emanated from the Danish capital, Copenhagen. These terms cover the "royal territories" of the Oldenburgs as it was in 1460, excluding the "ducal territories" of Schleswig and Holstein . The administration used two official languages , Danish and German , and for several centuries both a Danish Chancellery (Danish: Danske Kancelli ) and German Chancellery (Danish: Tyske Kancelli ) existed. The term "Denmark–Norway" reflects
7956-467: The possibility to leave Denmark proper, such as merchants and civil servants, Norway was seen as an attractive country of opportunities. The same was the case for the Norwegians, and many Norwegians migrated to Denmark, like the famous author Ludvig Holberg . Protestantism had been a religious movement in Denmark ever since the reign of Christian II . Though the country remained Catholic during
8058-448: The prevailing trend among the inhabitants of Scania is to "[look] upon their region with more positive eyes and a firm reliance that it would deliver the goods in terms of increased democracy and constructive results out of economic planning". Electrified dual track railroad exists from the border with Denmark at the Øresund Bridge to Malmö and onwards to Lund . The latter part is consists of four tracks since October 2023. In Lund,
8160-475: The province directly to the north. Stretching from the north-western to the south-eastern parts of Scania is a belt of deciduous forests following the Linderödsåsen ridge and previously marking the border between Malmöhus County and Kristianstad County. The much denser fir forests — typical of the greater part of Sweden — are only found in the north-eastern Göinge parts of Scania along the border with
8262-612: The province's modern administrative counterpart, Skåne län , the endonym Skåne is used in English. In the Alfredian translation of Orosius 's and Wulfstan 's travel accounts, the Old English form Sconeg appears. Frankish sources mention a place called Sconaowe ; Æthelweard , an Anglo-Saxon historian, wrote about Scani ; and in Beowulf 's fictional account, the names Scedenige and Scedeland appear as names for what
8364-579: The province. Examples of wild berries grown in domesticated form are blackberry , raspberry , cloudberry (in the north-east), blueberry , wild strawberry and loganberry . Three of the 29 National parks of Sweden are situated in Scania. Scania has the mildest climate in Sweden, but there are some local differences. The table shows average temperatures in degrees Celsius at ten Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI) weather stations in Scania and three stations further north for comparison issues. Average temperature in this case means
8466-741: The reign of Frederick I , and in Norway it was not a big movement at that time. But the victory in the Count's Feud secured Denmark under the Protestant King Christian ;III, and in 1537 he also secured Norway, creating the union between the two kingdoms. In the following years, Denmark–Norway was among the countries to follow Martin Luther after the Protestant Reformation , and thus established Lutheran Protestantism as official religion in place of Roman Catholicism. Lutheran Protestantism prevailed through
8568-450: The soil has a high content of chalk. Good examples of such coastlines exist at the southern side of Ven , between the towns of Helsingborg and Landskrona , and in parts of the south and south-east coasts. In other Swedish provinces, steep coastlines usually reveal primary rock instead. The two major plains, Söderslätt in the south-west and Österlen in the south-east, consist of highly fertile agricultural land. The yield per unit area
8670-529: The tracks split into two directions. The dual tracks going towards Gothenburg end at Helsingborg , while the other branch continues beyond the provincial border to neighbouring Småland , close to Killeberg . This latter dual track continues to mid-Sweden. There are also a few single track railroads connecting cities like Trelleborg , Ystad and Kristianstad. Just as five Scanian stations are served partly ( Hässleholm and Osby ) or entirely ( Ballingslöv , Hästveda and Killeberg ) by Småland local trains,
8772-399: The transnational Øresund Region . From north to south Scania is around 130 km; it covers less than 3% of Sweden's total area. The population is over 1,418,000. It represents 13% of the country's population. With 121/km (310/sq mi), Scania is the second most densely populated province in Sweden. Historically, Scania formed part of the kingdom of Denmark until the signing of
8874-522: The union's life span. The Church of Denmark and the Church of Norway was founded during this time as well. The introduction of Lutheranism in Denmark-Norway was also a political move. Due to the creation of state churches, the king had the authority to seize church properties, levy his own church tithes, and stop paying taxes to the Papacy . This helped in Denmark-Norway's absolutism and increased
8976-478: The village Östra Karup and some area around it, around 500 people live in Båstad municipality, but beyond the historical boundaries of the Scanian province. These figures can be compared with around to 21 inhabitants per km for entire Sweden . Western Scania has a high population density, not only by Scandinavian standards but also by average European standards, at close to 300 inhabitants per square kilometre. But
9078-512: The war, and Norway was reluctant to attack Sweden, which left the Swedes in a good position. The war ended as foreseen with a Swedish victory, and with the Treaty of Brömsebro in 1645, Denmark–Norway had to cede some of their territories, including Norwegian territories Jemtland , Herjedalen and Idre & Serna , and the Danish Baltic Sea islands of Gotland and Ösel . Thus the Thirty Years' War facilitated rise of Sweden as
9180-459: The war. After seven years of fighting, the conflict concluded in 1570 with a status quo ante bellum . Because of Denmark–Norway's dominion over the Baltic Sea ( dominium maris baltici ) and the North Sea , Sweden had the intention of avoiding paying Denmark's Sound Toll . Swedish king Charles IX 's way of accomplishing this was to try to set up a new trade route through Lapland and northern Norway. In 1607 Charles IX declared himself "King of
9282-474: The wealth of its kings. There was one other religious "reformation" in the kingdom during the rule of Christian VI , a follower of Pietism . The period from 1735 until his death in 1746 has been nicknamed "the State Pietism", as new laws and regulations were established in favor of Pietism. Though Pietism did not last for a substantial time, numerous new small pietistic resurrections occurred over
9384-560: The word ås commonly refers to eskers , but major landmarks in Scania, such as Söderåsen , are horsts formed by tectonic inversion along the Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone in the late Cretaceous . The Scanian horsts run in a north-west to south-east direction, marking the southwest border of Fennoscandia . Tectonic activity of the Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone during the break-up of Pangaea in
9486-518: The Øresund Bridge to Denmark . The car ferry service between Helsingborg and Helsingør has 70 departures in each direction daily as of 2014 . There are three minor airports in Sturup , Ängelholm and Kristianstad . The nearby Copenhagen Airport , which is the largest international airport in the Nordic countries , also serves the province. Unlike some regions of Sweden, the Scanian landscape
9588-422: The Øresund sea, within a maximum distance from Øresund of 25 to 30 kilometres, at a land surface of approx. 6100 km (approx 460 inhabitants/km ). This is in many ways a better measurement of describing the area around Øresund than what the far wider Øresund Region constitutes, as the latter includes also eastern Scania (whose beaches are Baltic Sea ones and is far less populated) as well as all Denmark east of
9690-698: Was abolished in 1660 ; the Norwegian Riksråd had already been abolished de facto (the Norwegian Riksråd was assembled for the last time in 1537). In 1537, during the Count's Feud, king Christian III of Denmark–Norway staged a coup d'état in Norway, and made it a hereditary kingdom in a real union with Denmark. Norway kept its separate laws and some institutions, such as a royal Chancellor , and separate coinage and army. Norway also had its own royal standard flag until 1748, after that
9792-450: Was also the more egalitarian part of the twin kingdoms; in Norway the King (i.e. the state) owned much of the land, while Denmark was dominated by large noble landowners. Denmark had a serfdom -like institution known as Stavnsbånd which restricted men to the estates they were born on; all farmers in Norway on the other hand were free, could settle anywhere and were on average more affluent than Danish farmers. For many Danish people who had
9894-456: Was at the time covered by thick sediments. As the relative sea level sank and much of Scania lost its sedimentary cover antecedent rivers begun to incise the Söderåsen horst forming valleys. During deglaciation these valleys likely evacuated large amounts of melt-water. The relief of Scania's south-western landscape was formed by the accumulation of thick Quaternary sediments during
9996-479: Was dissolved in 1905 . After 1660, Denmark–Norway consisted of five formally separate parts (the Kingdom of Denmark , the Kingdom of Norway , the Duchy of Holstein , the Duchy of Schleswig and the County of Oldenburg ). Norway had its separate laws and some institutions, and separate coinage and army. Culturally and politically Denmark became dominant. While Denmark remained a largely agricultural society, Norway
10098-428: Was industrialized from the 16th century and had a highly export-driven economy; Norway's shipping, timber and mining industries made Norway "the developed and industrialized part of Denmark-Norway" and an economic equal of Denmark. Denmark and Norway complemented each other and had a significant internal trade , with Norway relying on Danish agricultural products and Denmark relying on Norway's timber and metals. Norway
10200-399: Was introduced in Sweden in 1863, making each of the towns a city municipality of its own. In the 19th and 20th centuries, four more municipalities were granted city status, Trelleborg (1867), Eslöv (1911), Hässleholm (1914) and Höganäs (1936). The system of city status was abolished in 1971. Denmark%E2%80%93Norway Denmark–Norway ( Danish and Norwegian : Danmark–Norge )
10302-594: Was kicked out by the Russian army. The Estonians, who were fearful of the Russians, contacted King Eric XIV of Sweden for protection. Sweden then annexed Estonia, securing the region under their rule. After Eric introduced blockades in an attempt to hinder trade with Russia (Sweden and Russia were disputing over Estonia), Lübeck and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth joined Denmark–Norway in
10404-491: Was quite hostile towards the Swedes. Another major factor in the war were Sweden's goals in Livonia . Both Denmark and Sweden, along with Russia , sought to control the previously Hanseatic region, as it was extremely important in controlling the Baltic Sea. When Denmark purchased Osel, Duke Magnus , brother of King Frederick II was granted control of the island. Magnus attempted to claim himself King of Estonia , but he
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