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48-775: Effectively dividing Denmark in two, the Belt was served by the Great Belt ferries from the late 19th century until the islands were connected by the Great Belt Fixed Link in 1997–98. The Great Belt is the largest and most important of the three Danish Straits that connect the Baltic Sea to the Kattegat strait and Atlantic Ocean . The others are the Øresund and the Little Belt straits. The Great Belt

96-587: A 2000 referendum on joining the Eurozone was defeated with 53.2% voting to maintain the krone and 46.8% voting to join the Eurozone. The oldest known Danish coin is a penny ( penning ) struck AD 825–840, but the earliest systematic minting produced the so-called korsmønter ( lit.   ' cross coins ' ) minted by Harald Bluetooth  in the late 10th century. Organised minting in Denmark

144-409: A Greenlandic series. Still, Greenland continues to use Danish kroner as sole official currency. Historically, Greenland under the colonial administration issued distinct banknotes between 1803 and 1968, together with coins between 1926 and 1964 (see Greenland rigsdaler and Greenland krone ). Faroe Islands and Greenland have their own IBAN codes (FO and GL, while Denmark has DK). Transfers between

192-480: A bridge that Finland alleged would prevent the passage of certain ships to and from Finland: Finnish-built mobile offshore drilling units would be unable to pass beneath the bridge. The case was discontinued in 1992, before the Court had to rule on the merits, because Finland and Denmark reached a negotiated settlement. The two countries negotiated a financial compensation of 90 million Danish kroner , and Finland withdrew

240-611: A few collisions and near collisions with the Great Belt Bridge . The Danish navy monitors maritime traffic in the waters around the Great Belt. In the reign of king Eric of Pomerania the Danish government began to receive a large part of its income from the so-called ' Sound Dues ' toll on international merchant ships passing through the Øresund . Non-Danish vessels were restricted to the Øresund channel. Merchants paid

288-399: A lower silver content. As a result of the debasement , the public started to lose trust in the respective coins. Danish currency was overhauled several times in attempts to restore public trust in the coins, and later issued in paper money. Several different currency systems have been used by Denmark from the 16th to 19th centuries. The krone (lit. "crown") has existed as early as 1513 as

336-468: A modern automobile-only ferry, M/F Heimdal . DSB responded by getting authorisation to buy a car ferry of their own, but eventually made a settlement with the motorists and took over Heimdal before it entered service in 1930. Car traffic increased explosively in the post-war years, leading to severe capacity problems on the ferry services. In 1954, it was decided to establish a new car ferry service between Halsskov and Knudshoved , slightly north of

384-489: A unit of account worth 8 marks. In more general use until 1813, however, was a krone or schlecht daler worth 2 ⁄ 3 rigsdaler , 4 marks , or 64 skilling . The modern-day krone was introduced as the currency of Denmark in January 1875. It replaced the rigsdaler at a rate of 2 kroner = 1 rigsdaler. This placed the krone on the gold standard at a rate of 2,480 kroner = 1 kilogram fine gold. The latter part of

432-611: Is 60 km (37 miles) long and 16–32 km (10–20 miles) wide. It flows around two major islands: Samsø in the north and Langeland to the south. At Sprogø the Great Belt divides into the East Channel and the West Channel. Both are traversed by the Great Belt Fixed Link , but a tunnel also runs under the East Channel. In pre-glacial times a river, which the Baltic Sea basin then contained and which geologists call

480-466: Is legally obliged to join the euro in the future (though Sweden maintains that joining ERM II is voluntary , thus avoiding euro adoption for the time being). The Faroe Islands uses a localised, non-independent version of the Danish krone, known as the Faroese króna pegged with the Danish krone at par, using the Danish coin series, but have their own series of distinct banknotes, first being issued in

528-554: The 1857 Copenhagen Convention . The western half of the Great Belt (between Funen and Sprogø ) and all other parts of the Danish straits are Danish territorial waters and subject to Danish jurisdiction. In 1991, Finland instituted proceedings before the International Court of Justice against Denmark, which was planning to build a fixed traffic connection over the Great Belt (later Great Belt Fixed Link ), including

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576-623: The Eridanos , must have passed near the region as the rise of South Swedish Dome in Neogene times diverted it south from its previous path across central Sweden. The Great Belt originated as Dana River that was eroded into existence 9000–8900 years ago when post-glacial rebound made the Ancylus Lake that occupied the Baltic depression lose its outlets around Gothenburg tipping over in

624-516: The Littorina Sea as salt water entered the Baltic depression. The Great Belt is home to some popular fish: flatfish , sea trout , Atlantic cod , Atlantic mackerel and garfish , which are fished avidly for sport and for sale. A large and rising population of harbour porpoises lives in the Belts. The Great Belt was historically navigable to ocean-going vessels. It still is used, despite

672-400: The 10 and 20 krone coins from golden aluminium bronze. The coins differ in terms of size, weight and rim. Within each sequence the diameter and weight of the coins increase with their value. The 50 øre and 10 krone coins have smooth rims, while the rims of the 1 and 5 krone coins are milled. The rims of the 2 and 20 krone coins have interrupted milling. The 1, 2 and 5 krone coins have a hole in

720-516: The 18th century and much of the 19th century saw expanding economic activity and thus also a need for means of payment that were easier to handle than coins. Consequently, banknotes were increasingly used instead of coins. The introduction of the new krone was a result of the Scandinavian Monetary Union , which came into effect in 1873 (with the coins being adopted two years later) and lasted until World War I . The parties to

768-515: The 1950s and later modernised in the 1970s and the 2000s. Greenland adopted the Act on Banknotes in Greenland in 2006 with a view to introducing separate Greenlandic banknotes. The Act entered into force on 1 June 2007. In the autumn of 2010, a new Greenlandic government indicated that it did not wish to introduce separate Greenlandic banknotes and Danmarks Nationalbank ceased the project to develop

816-605: The Faroe Islands and Greenland. The last coin depicting the Copenhagen City Hall was issued in June 2007, marking the end of the series. A second series of 20-krone coins, starting in 2007 with twelve different planned motifs and ten already released by November 2011, shows Denmark as a maritime nation in the world, featuring iconic Danish, Faroese and Greenlandic ships and like the previous series of tower coins,

864-448: The Great Belt was debated as early as 1872–75, but political unwillingness and objections from the board of Det sjællandske Jernbaneselskab , the major railway company on Zealand, delayed the decision. However, the company was nationalised in 1880, and in 1881, it was decided to establish the service. The first Great Belt ferries, H/F Korsør and H/F Nyborg , went into service on 1 December 1883. The railway nationalisation led to

912-582: The Latin word for gold. Altogether there are eleven denominations of the krone, with the smallest being the 50 øre coin (one half of a krone ). Formerly there were more øre coins, but those were discontinued due to inflation . The krone is pegged to the euro via the ERM II , the European Union's exchange rate mechanism. Adoption of the euro is favoured by some of the major political parties; however,

960-402: The countries count as international with international fees, outside EU rules. The design of the coin series is intended to ensure that the coins are easy to distinguish from each other: The series is therefore divided into three sequences, each with its own metal colour. This division into colours has its roots in history. In earlier times, the value of the coins was equivalent to the value of

1008-443: The creation in 1885 of the national railway company DSB , which would operate the ferries almost until the opening of the fixed link. For several decades, the ferry service operated on railway terms. Discontent with the high prices, infrequent departures and cramped conditions on the combined train and car ferries, the motorists' organisation FDM established their own shipping company, Motorejernes Færgefart A/S, in 1929, and ordered

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1056-413: The existing Korsør – Nyborg service and connected to a newly constructed motorway . The service opened on 28 May 1957. In the 1990s, with the expected opening of the fixed link, state interest in ferry operation waned. The shipping division of DSB was therefore split off into a separate, state-owned company, DSB Rederi A/S, in 1995, which was renamed Scandlines Danmark A/S in 1997. The last service

1104-623: The fairy tale series ended, a second series of three 10-krone commemorative coins was introduced, celebrating the International Polar Year . Featuring motifs of a polar bear, the Sirius Sledge Patrol and the Aurora Borealis , the coins aimed to accentuate scientific research in the backdrop of Greenlandic culture and geography. The third and final coin entitled 'Northern Lights' marked the completion of

1152-531: The fixed link, some ferries still connect eastern and western Denmark. The company Mols-Linien continues to operate ferries between northwest Zealand and East Jutland , while the Spodsbjerg – Tårs route some 45 kilometres to the south also remains serviced by ferries. Railway ferries had started service across another Danish strait, the much smaller Little Belt , in March 1872. A railway ferry service across

1200-453: The former precedes the value, the latter in some contexts follows it. The currency is sometimes referred to as the Danish crown in English , since krone literally means crown . Krone coins have been minted in Denmark since the 17th century. One krone is subdivided into 100 øre ( Danish pronunciation: [ˈøːɐ] ; singular and plural), the name øre is probably derived from

1248-556: The hidden security thread. Starting in 2020, Danmarks Nationalbank released a new version of the 500-kroner banknote with updated security features, the first in the 2009A series. Updated versions of the 50-, 100-, and 200-kroner banknotes are scheduled to enter circulation in 2024–2025. The next series of banknotes is scheduled for release in 2028 and will not contain a 1000-krone banknote, which will no longer be legal tender as of 31 May 2025, with that banknote being withdrawn in order to combat and prevent money laundering. Banknotes from

1296-528: The lawsuit. On 4 April 2024, the Danish Maritime Authority ordered the closure of an area of the strait south-west of Korsør to shipping and aviation after a missile launcher aboard HDMS Niels Juel malfunctioned during a naval exercise. 55°19′59″N 11°00′00″E  /  55.333°N 11.000°E  / 55.333; 11.000 Great Belt ferries The Great Belt ferries ( Danish : Storebæltsfærgerne ) were

1344-422: The metal from which they were minted: gold was used for the coins of the highest denominations, silver for the next-highest, and copper for the lowest coin denominations. This correlation between colour and value has been retained in the present coin series (see examples to the right). The 50 øre coins are thus minted from copper-coloured bronze, the 1, 2 and 5 krone coins from a silver-coloured cupronickel alloy, and

1392-538: The middle. Use of these various characteristics makes it easy for the blind and sight-impaired to tell the coins apart. The coins of the programme have the same size and metal composition as the regular coins of their denomination. The first series, 20-krone coins featuring towers in Denmark, ran between 2002 and 2007 and spawned ten different motifs. Upon selecting the towers, importance had been attached not only to display aesthetic towers, but also towers with different form, functions and from different regions of Denmark,

1440-419: The new series and the 2009 series will co-circulate for a period of time and eventually only the new series of banknotes will be legal tender. The design process started in the spring of 2024, and they are scheduled to be finalised in early 2026. In September 2024, it was announced that the obverse of the banknotes would feature "important achievements and the people behind them" whereas the reverse will feature

1488-409: The past and the present. The present is represented by the bridges, the past by five distinctive prehistoric objects found near the bridges. Among the new security features is a window thread ("Motion") with a moving wave pattern. Another feature is a new, sophisticated hologram that reflects light in different colors. The new banknotes also have the traditional security features such as the watermark and

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1536-476: The reverse, the banknotes were designed by Gunnar Biilmann Petersen  [ da ] , Gunnar Andersen, and Ib Andersen  [ da ] . The 1972 series featured portraits and animals, and was issued from 1975 to 1980. It was replaced in 1997. Every note had a portrait based on a painting by Jens Juel on the obverse side. The reverse featured animals designed by Ib Andersen and Gunnar Andersen. The 1997 series features portraits and church art, and

1584-428: The same date. Phased out banknotes will continue to be accepted by Danmarks Nationalbank until 31 May 2026. The 1944 series, known as the substitution series, was developed in secret in 1943−1944 and designed by Danish painter Gerhard Heilmann . The 1952 series featured portraits and landscapes, and was issued from 1952 to 1964. It was replaced in 1972. Featuring famous Danes on the obverse and Danish landscapes on

1632-662: The same year. Within the Bretton Woods System , Denmark devalued its currency with the pound in 1949 to a rate of 6.91 to the dollar. A further devaluation in 1967 resulted in rates of 7.5 kroner. The Danish krone was minted by the Royal Mint of Denmark and banknotes were printed by the Danish National Bank until 1975, when the mint was made a subsidiary of the National Bank. In 2014, it

1680-401: The sea as a motif. The selected achievements and people are as follows: Within context, some of the banknotes have figurative meanings with the 100-krone note sometimes referred to as a hund (dog) shortening the word hundrede (a hundred). The 500-krone note can be referred to as a plovmand (ploughman) because previous circulations of the note featured a picture of a man with a plough and

1728-440: The series in 2009. Most Danish banknotes (with a few exceptions) issued after 1945 are valid as payment. Banknotes have since 1945 been issued with the values: 5 kroner, 10 kroner, 20 kroner, 50 kroner, 100 kroner, 200 kroner, 500 kroner, and 1000 kroner. On 30 November 2023, it was announced that all banknotes issued before 2009 will no longer be legal tender as of 31 May 2025. The 1000-kroner banknote will also be phased out on

1776-464: The series reflect various landmarks in shipbuilding in the three countries. In 2005, Danmarks Nationalbank issued the first in a series of five 10-krone commemorative coins with motifs from Hans Christian Andersen 's fairy tales. The motifs depicted on the coins were chosen to illustrate various aspects and themes central to the fairy tales with the fifth and final fairy tale coin inspired by The Nightingale being issued on 25 October 2007. In 2007, as

1824-539: The south. The forming of the Dana River is thought to have caused a dramatic erosion of sediments, peatlands and forests along its way. This led initially to a relatively rapid fall in the lake level over hundreds of years to then continue falling at a lower pace. Rising sea levels allowed the sea to break through the Dana River forming the Great Belt as a proper seaway. In the processes the Ancylus Lake became

1872-408: The tax under threat of having their vessels sunk or confiscated. During the middle of the 19th century, this practice became a diplomatic liability and the Danish government agreed to terminate it, achieving an international financial compensation in return. Danish waterways were consequently opened to foreign shipping. The eastern half of the Great Belt is an international waterway , legally based on

1920-401: The train and car ferries operating across the Danish strait of Great Belt , between the islands of Zealand and Funen . The railway ferry link was established in 1883, while automobile-only ferries started operating in 1930. The ferry services ceased operating with the opening of the Great Belt Fixed Link , which occurred in 1997 for rail and 1998 for car traffic. Despite the popularity of

1968-506: The union were the three Scandinavian countries, where the name was krone in Denmark and Norway and krona in Sweden , a word which in all three languages literally means ‘crown’. The three currencies were on the gold standard , with the krone/krona defined as 1 ⁄ 2480 of a kilogram of pure gold. The Scandinavian Monetary Union came to an end in 1914 when the gold standard

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2016-658: Was abandoned. Denmark, Sweden and Norway all decided to keep the names of their respective and now separate currencies. Denmark returned to the gold standard in 1924 but left it permanently in 1931. Between 1940 and 1945, the krone was tied to the German Reichsmark . Following the end of the German occupation, a rate of 24 kroner to the British pound was introduced, reduced to 19.34 (4.8 kroner = 1 US dollar ) in August

2064-528: Was decided to stop minting and printing of the krone in Denmark, but the work would be outsourced, and on 20 December 2016, the last notes were printed by the National Bank. Denmark has not introduced the euro , following a rejection by referendum in 2000 , but the Danish krone is pegged closely to the euro (with the rate 7.46038±2.25%) in ERM II , the EU's exchange rate mechanism. Denmark borders one eurozone member, Germany , and one other EU member, Sweden , which

2112-497: Was generally based on the Carolingian silver standard , with 12 penning to a skilling and 20 skilling to a pound; later on, 16 skilling to a mark . The metal content of minted coins was subject to debasement over the centuries, an easy way to generate income for the monarch and/or the state. Taxes were sometimes imposed via the coinage, such as by the compulsory substitution of coins handed in by new coins handed out with

2160-656: Was introduced on a larger scale by Canute the Great in the 1020s. Lund (now in Sweden) was the principal minting place and one of Denmark's most important cities in the Middle Ages, but coins were also minted in Roskilde, Slagelse, Odense, Aalborg, Århus, Viborg, Ribe, Ørbæk and Hedeby. For almost 1,000 years, Danish kings – with a few exceptions – have issued coins with their name, monogram and/or portrait. Danish coinage

2208-656: Was issued from 1997 to 1999. It was replaced in 2009. Illustrated by Johan Alkjær, the banknotes featured portraits of Danish artists and scientists on the obverse while the reverse had motifs of cultural and religious art. The process of designing the 'Bridge' banknotes was initiated in 2006 by Danmarks Nationalbank. The theme of the new banknotes is Danish bridges and the surrounding landscapes, or details from these landscapes. Danish artist Karin Birgitte Lund has chosen to interpret this theme in two ways: bridges as links between various parts of Denmark and as links between

2256-448: Was operated by M/F Arveprins Knud and departed Knudshoved at 10:15 pm. on 14 June 1998, fifteen minutes after the Great Belt Fixed Link was opened for regular traffic. During the crossing, Danish pop rock group TV-2 performed a concert on the ship's sun deck . Upon arriving at Halsskov , the ferry was greeted by a large torchlight procession . No ferries are, as of 2009, preserved in Great Belt service order. M/F Kong Frederik IX

2304-582: Was preserved as a museum in Nyborg from 1997 to 2001, but scrapped in 2005 despite continued efforts to save it. Danish krone The krone ( Danish: [ˈkʰʁoːnə] ; plural: kroner ; sign : kr. ; code : DKK ) is the official currency of Denmark , Greenland , and the Faroe Islands , introduced on 1 January 1875. Both the ISO code "DKK" and currency sign "kr." are in common use;

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