Misplaced Pages

#167832

34-595: The album made a record-breaking debut on the French Albums Chart, selling more units than any other album in 2021. The album topped at 1st on French and Belgian (Wallonia) charts, as well as 2nd on Swiss charts at its best week. It was certified diamond by the SNEP within five months in France, becoming the fastest album to be certified diamond in the history of French rap. According to the SNEP , Civilisation

68-636: A French national chart of best-selling records originated from a request by the American music industry magazine Billboard . The magazine's French correspondent, Eddie Adamis, compiled a top 10 list of the country's preferred format, the extended play (EP), for Billboard ' s "Hits of the World" column of 5 June 1961. The number 1 record was an Edith Piaf EP featuring the song " Non, je ne regrette rien ". France's coverage in Billboard ' s "Hits of

102-475: A record previously held by PNL 's Deux frères (2019). The album arrived atop the French Albums Chart , moving 138,929 units in its first week, 96,615 of which were physical sales. The sum reset the record for the largest opening week in France for an album in 2021, beating Adele 's 30 which debuted at number two the same week. The lead single " L'odeur de l'essence " reached number one on

136-478: A tradition of showing one pornographic film every month at midnight, generally on the first Saturday of the month. In 1985, the government opened up the market to other private commercial television stations, offering some serious competition. However, aggressive marketing and policies ensured that the company kept growing. Alain de Greef  [ fr ] ( c.  1947 – 29 June 2015) joined in 1986 joining his longtime friend Pierre Lescure. De Greef

170-548: Is a French premium television channel owned by the Groupe Canal+ . The channel was launched in November 1984, and broadcasts to Metropolitan France . It broadcasts several kinds of programming, mostly encrypted , but some unencrypted content can be viewed free of charge. Canal+ was co-founded by André Rousselet and Pierre Lescure . An early pioneer was Alain de Greef  [ fr ] , who joined in 1986. Canal+

204-563: Is a supporter of the Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV (HbbTV) initiative, which promotes and establishes an open European standard for hybrid set-top boxes for the reception of broadcast TV and broadband multimedia applications with a single user interface. Originally, subscribers would be mailed a code to punch in on their decoder's control panel to view the encrypted service (using the RITC Discret 1 system);

238-513: Is automatic and includes physical sales, downloads and streams. Streaming were originally counted by summing up the streaming volume for all tracks in the album, dividing the most popular track by 2, and then dividing the result by 1,000. In May 2018 streaming was limited to paid subscriptions and in January 2019 the conversion method for streaming was amended, accumulating all tracks and dividing by 1,500. The certification levels applicable through

272-569: Is mostly encrypted , but some unencrypted programming can be viewed free of charge. The channel does not broadcast advertising, except when broadcasting on free-to-air slots. Almost all foreign films and series can be viewed either in their original language with French subtitles (on a secondary audio channel) or dubbed in French. All programs are subtitled in French for deaf people and those who struggle with hearing. Some programs also have audio description for those who are visually impaired. Canal+

306-673: Is the inter-professional organisation that protects the interests of the French record industry . Originally known under the acronym SNICOP , the organisation was established in 1922 and has 48 member companies. SNEP's responsibilities include collecting and distributing royalty payments for broadcast and performance, preventing copyright infringement of its members' works (including music piracy), and sales certification of silver, gold, platinum and diamond records and videos. SNEP also compiles weekly official charts of France's top-selling music, including singles and albums. The first attempt at

340-717: The French Singles Chart . The other lead single " Jour meilleur " reached number one the following week. All of the album tracks entered the French Singles Chart Top 20 in its first week, nine of which reached the Top 10. Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. SNEP SNEP ( French : Syndicat national de l'édition phonographique , in English National Syndicate of Phonographic Publishing )

374-535: The Lagardère Group purchased a major stake in the digital television division. In December 2000, Vivendi acquired Canal+. In 2001, co-founder Alain De Greef was fired from his position as director-general and replaced by Michel Denisot , when the organisation was restructured under the leadership of Jean-Marie Messier , chief executive of Vivendi. Criticism of Vivendi's poor share performance since

SECTION 10

#1732773361168

408-489: The encrypted parts of its main channel in high-definition in the terrestrial network. Canal+ announced plans to turn off the analogue terrestrial signals by 2010. In April 2014, Ligue 1 , France's top association football league, sold broadcast rights for 2016–2020 to Canal+ for 726 million euros . In July 2024, reports emerged that Vivendi was exploring a potential London Stock Exchange listing for Canal+. Canal+ broadcasts to Metropolitan France . Its programming

442-478: The Centre d'Information et de Documentation du Disque. Earlier that year, with reference to the new chart compiler, Billboard had reported that "for the first time the main record companies are cooperating in an effort to produce a reliable sales chart which will serve the industry." By July 1973, SNICOP had long been publishing a national albums chart. These charts were abandoned in November 1977 due to disputes in

476-530: The French music charts for SNEP /SCPP (Civil Society of Phonographic Producers), with the OCC taking over on 1 January 2021. Since September 2002, the official charts have been as follows: Criterion: The following guidelines are applied: The Gold album certification was introduced in January 1973. Platinum certification was added in May 1980, followed by the introduction of Diamond certification in November 1988, which

510-424: The French music industry, leaving France without an official sales chart. The date recognised as the start of SNEP's charts in the modern era is 4 November 1984. This date marks the debut broadcast of Top 50 , a television chart show on the recently launched Canal+ network. From the late 1980s, the French charts were complied for SNEP by Top No. 1 which was a subsidiary of Europe No. 1 , but SNEP pulled out of

544-667: The World" continued until May 1964, when Adamis resigned from his position. The chart then resumed in June 1967, overseen by a new French correspondent, until SNICOP's involvement in late 1968. While the list continued to demonstrate the dominance of EPs, the British band Procol Harum succeeded in achieving the first French number 1 single, with their 1967 release " A Whiter Shade of Pale ". SNICOP published its first national singles chart, or "Hit Parade Officiel", in October 1968, compiled by

578-496: The board, and was replaced by director-general Lescure. Digital satellite provider CanalSatellite was launched as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Canal+ on 6 December 1991. On 27 April 1996, Canal+ received two new sister channels: Canal+ Jaune and Canal+ Bleu. A fourth channel, called Canal+ Vert, came along on 31 August 1998. The channels changed their names to Canal+ Confort (now known as Canal+ Décalé since 2005), Canal+ Cinéma, and Canal+ Sport on 1 November 2003. In January 2000,

612-435: The channel give several hours of free programming each day, which was used by Canal+ to promote the subscription service. Its first logo was used from inception until 1995. The channel initially had to use 45% of its air-time on films, until the film industry pushed back. Sport, interview shows, documentaries, and soft pornography joined films as the main staples of programming at this time. Starting in 1985, Canal+ has had

646-459: The channel. However, signal piracy was rampant, especially after the magazine Radio Plans printed decoder plans in their December 1984 issue. As a result of this, Canal+ switched to the much stronger Nagravision encryption system beginning in 1992; the Discret system was fully phased out by 1995. The new decoders utilised smart cards, cut into the shape of a key and inserted into the front of

680-432: The code would be based upon the decoder's serial number (stored in the box's ROM). To avoid problems with customer's codes being not delivered on time by the postal system, Canal+ would switch to encryption based on a generic key, between the last day of the month (beginning at midnight) and the first Monday of the next month (until 9 AM). During this time, all decoders—even those with lapsed subscriptions—would be able to view

714-510: The deal in February 1992 because they were unhappy with how Top No. 1 compiled the charts. However, this was resolved when Top No. 1 came up with propositions in May 1992 which SNEP approved of and that were fully implemented in stores by October 1992. In September, 1993, Europe 1 together with Canal+ who had compiled the French charts since 1984, decided to stop producing the charts for SNEP because they were making losses. The singles chart

SECTION 20

#1732773361168

748-526: The decoder. Different decoders using the D2-MAC standard were also deployed during this time, mostly for cable subscribers. With the launch of CanalSatellite, the Mediaguard encryption system was instituted, created by SECA (Société Européenne de Contrôle d'Accès), a firm owned by Canal+ and Bertelsmann ; Canal+ eventually bought out Bertelsmann's stake and rebranded SECA as Canal+ Technologies. This firm

782-474: The idea of having a commercial TV channel. However, Rousselet was a personal friend of the president, François Mitterrand , and so obtained favourable terms for the setup. Pierre Lescure was director-general at that time. A combination of political connections and clever programming – giving the French public American hit comedies and French drama not available on the government channels – worked and subscriptions soon increased. Government regulations required that

816-476: The rapper departing from his "crazed humour" trademark style, instead settling for more "committed and personal tracks", in a soundscape between "drill" and "disco". French publication Le Parisien called Civilisation the best French rap album of 2021. However, the record was also criticised for containing too much singing while it was also noted that the rapper took himself too seriously at times. In its first three days, Civilisation sold 94,306 units, beating

850-497: The takeover grew, and in April 2002, De Greef's co-founder and CEO Pierre Lescure, clashed with Messier and was fired. An alternative logo was used between 2006 and 2009. In September 2005, Canal+, Canal+ Cinéma and Canal+ Sport started broadcasting in the French digital terrestrial television network. The free-to-air parts of Canal+ had already been broadcasting for a few months by then. In August 2008, Canal+ started broadcasting

884-431: The total of equivalent sales, based on the formula of 150 streams equalling one download. In April 2018 streaming was limited to paid subscriptions. The sales certification levels applicable through the years are as follows: Since April 2018, the total sales of a single is calculated in terms of streams (one download or physical sale equaling 150 streams) and the certification levels are as follows: Video certification

918-531: The years are as follows: The Gold single certification was introduced in January 1973. Platinum single was introduced in May 1980 followed by Silver in July 1985 and Diamond in January 1997. Silver certification was cancelled in July 2009. Until 2016, certifications were awarded at the request of the labels, based on sales reported by an accountant report. Since 2016, certification is automatic and includes physical sales, downloads and streams. Thresholds were set for

952-725: Was first appointed director of production, then head of programmes, and finally as director general (1986–2000). De Greef was later described as a pioneer and visionary, who set the tone and created the "Canal Plus spirit", which embodied anti-conformism along with edgy satire that became very popular. He created the satirical puppet show Les Guignols de l'Info and cult talk shows Nulle part ailleurs , Groland , and Les Deschiens . In 1987, Canal+ went public . By 1989, Canal+ had almost three million subscribers. The company expanded into some European markets, notably Belgium, Spain, and Germany, and started setting up subsidiaries as it developed into Groupe Canal+ . In 1994 Rousselet quit

986-821: Was introduced in September 2009 with Gold, Platinum, double Platinum and triple Platinum. Diamond certification was introduced in August 1991. The sales certification levels applicable through the years are as follows: All the singles recorded under one of his pseudonyms or as member of his bands are included Songs performed as duets and trios are included Songs performed within Brastisla Boys and Fatal Bazooka bands and as Alphonse Brown included Canal%2B (French TV channel) Canal+ ( French: [kanal plys] , meaning "Channel Plus"), also spelt Canal Plus and sometimes abbreviated C+ or Canal ,

1020-477: Was introduced together with multiple certifications (double Gold, double Platinum and triple Platinum). Silver certification was introduced in 1999. The double Gold certification was discontinued in June 2006 and Silver certification was cancelled in July 2009. Multiple diamond certifications were introduced in January 2014. Until 2016, certifications were awarded at the request of the labels, based on sales reported by an accountant report. Since 2016, certification

1054-446: Was launched in November 1984, when there were only three government-owned channels available in France. The company was co-founded by André Rousselet , president of the French multinational advertising company Havas , and Pierre Lescure (born c.  1945 ), who proved very popular with media professionals and politicians. It got off to a slow start, and some politicians, including prime minister Laurent Fabius , railed against

Civilisation (album) - Misplaced Pages Continue

1088-592: Was not published by SNEP again until mid-November 1993, and was not published in Music & Media magazine again until mid-April 1994. The new singles chart was criticised by UPFI as being unreliable but this was disputed by SNEP. The albums chart was not resumed until early June 1994. In December 2020, the London-based Official Charts Company (OCC) announced it was taking over the contract from German company GfK, in compiling

1122-611: Was sold by 2003 to Thomson SA . The MediaGuard system's use in Britain (by the now defunct OnDigital/ITV Digital ) led to hackers in the employ of Rupert Murdoch 's rival encryption company NDS breaking into the MediaGuard system, resulting in new cards being issued to Canal+ subscribers in 2002 and Canal+ starting legal action against Murdoch. The Nagravision system continued in use until 30 November 2011, when all analog television broadcasting in France ceased. Les Chaînes Canal+

1156-468: Was the No.1 selling album in France for two consecutive years of 2021 and 2022. Prior to its release, Orelsan did not reveal much about the album. According to him, in his mind the record signifies a "deconstruction". In late October 2021, it was announced that physical copies of the album would arrive in 15 different designs. Two vinyl editions of the album were released on 10 December 2021. Civilisation sees

#167832