92-415: Marc Bolan ( / ˈ b oʊ l ə n / BOH -lən ; born Mark Feld ; 30 September 1947 – 16 September 1977) was an English guitarist, singer-songwriter and poet. He was a pioneer of the glam rock movement in the early 1970s with his band T. Rex . Bolan strongly influenced artists of many genres, including glam rock, punk , post-punk , new wave , indie rock , Britpop and alternative rock . He
184-516: A mod . Bolan briefly joined a modelling agency and became a "John Temple Boy", appearing in a clothing catalogue for the menswear store. He was a model for the suits in their catalogues as well as for cardboard cut-outs to be displayed in shop windows. In 1962 Town magazine featured him under the name Mark Feld as an early example of the mod movement in a photo spread orchestrated by Evening Standard columnist Angus McGill . In 1964, Bolan met his first manager, Geoffrey Delaroy-Hall, and recorded
276-807: A 1972 interview in which he noted that other artists described as glam rock were doing different work, said "I think glam rock is a lovely way to categorize me and it's even nicer to be one of the leaders of it". Bolan and Bowie were soon followed in the style by acts including Roxy Music , Sweet , Slade , Mott the Hoople , Mud and Alvin Stardust . The popularity of glam rock in the UK was such that three glam rock bands had major UK Christmas hit singles ; " Merry Xmas Everybody " by Slade, " I Wish It Could Be Christmas Everyday " by Wizzard and " Lonely This Christmas " by Mud, all of which have remained hugely popular. Glam
368-540: A Soldier") have still only been given a limited official release in 2015 on seven-inch vinyl. Both songs are in a folk style reminiscent of Dylan and Donovan . A third song, "That's the Bag I'm In", written by New York folk singer and Dylan contemporary Fred Neil , was also committed to tape, but has not yet been released. In June 1966, a second official single was also released, with session-musician accompaniment, "The Third Degree", backed by "San Francisco Poet", Bolan's paean to
460-472: A White Swan " which went to number two in the UK singles chart. From 1970 to 1973, T. Rex encountered a popularity in the UK comparable to that of the Beatles , with a run of eleven top ten singles, four of which reached number one: " Hot Love ", " Get It On ", " Telegram Sam " and " Metal Guru ". The 1971 album Electric Warrior , with all songs written by Bolan, received critical acclaim, reached number 1 in
552-416: A boast: "Your mother can't tell if you're a boy or a girl." Glam was butch and femme at once: bisexuality in sound." The Rocky Horror Show , soundtracked by primarily glam rock, was a keystone of LGBTQ media in the 1970s. A song from the show, " Sweet Transvestite ", was noted as "the first big, glam rock aria of the musical" and that glam rock "was a queering (or camping ) of the genre of rock music" in
644-427: A clause that when it ends you're on your own – and that means financially, too." During an interview in 1975, Bolan was also asked about his sexuality, and said that he was bisexual. Bolan never learned to drive, fearing a premature death; he feared he would die before reaching 30 years old. Despite this fear, cars or automotive components are at least mentioned in, if not the subject of, many of his songs. He also owned
736-642: A combination of cheek and chic, pose and poise'. It reads like a glam manifesto." Showmanship and gender identity manipulation acts included the Cockettes and Alice Cooper , the latter of which combined glam with shock rock . Glam rock emerged from the English psychedelic and art rock scenes of the late 1960s and can be seen as both an extension of, and a reaction against, those trends. Its origins are associated with Marc Bolan , who had renamed his acoustic duo T. Rex and taken up electric instruments by
828-539: A darker lyrical content than their British counterparts. In the UK, the term glitter rock was most often used to refer to the extreme version of glam pursued by Gary Glitter and the independent band with whom he often performed known as the Glitter Band . The Glitter Band and Gary Glitter had between them eighteen top ten singles in the UK between 1972 and 1975. A second wave of glam rock acts, including Suzi Quatro , Roy Wood 's Wizzard and Sparks , had hits on
920-504: A documentary by Ringo Starr about T. Rex including a concert filmed at London's Wembley Empire Pool in March 1972. Mixed in were surreal scenes shot at John Lennon 's mansion in Ascot and a session with T. Rex joined by Ringo Starr on a second drum kit and Elton John on piano. At this time T. Rex record sales accounted for about six per cent of total British domestic record sales. The band
1012-532: A duet of "Cosmic Dancer" at the Inglewood Forum in Los Angeles. In 1993, Guns N' Roses covered "Buick MacKane" on "The Spaghetti Incident?" , and their guitarist Slash has worn a t-shirt with an image of Bolan on the front. The main riff of Oasis ' 1994 hit " Cigarettes & Alcohol " is lifted from "Get It On". In 1993, Adam Ant covered the track live on his Persuasion tour. The song
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#17327837132721104-431: A fascination with women's clothing, an unlikely characteristic for a British male rocker at the time. Bolan followed "Ride a White Swan" and T. Rex by expanding the group to a quartet with bassist Steve Currie and drummer Bill Legend , and cutting a five-minute single, " Hot Love ", with a rollicking rhythm, string accents and an extended sing-along chorus inspired somewhat by " Hey Jude ". Bolan performed "Hot Love" on
1196-430: A lifeline to the heart of show business, as Warren saw Bolan's potential while he spent hours sitting cross-legged on Warren's floor playing his acoustic guitar. Bolan at this time liked to appear wearing a corduroy peaked cap similar to his then -current source of inspiration, Bob Dylan . A series of photographs was commissioned with photographer Michael McGrath, although he recalls that Bolan "left no impression" on him at
1288-591: A live cover of "20th Century Boy" as the B-side to their single " Kurenai ". In 1990, Baby Ford did a cover of "Children of the Revolution" that appeared on the album Oooh, The World of Baby For . In 1991, Japanese rock band T-Bolan were named after T. Rex and Bolan. "It felt like he actually cast a spell. I've no doubt every aspect of how he presented himself was just an outpouring of his understanding that things could be magical, things could be heightened. Out in
1380-469: A mix of new and established bands and performed his own songs. By this time Bolan had lost weight, appearing as trim as he had during T. Rex's earlier heyday. The show was broadcast during the post-school half-hour on ITV earmarked for children and teenagers and it was a big success. One episode reunited Bolan with his former John's Children bandmate Andy Ellison , then fronting the band Radio Stars . Bolan's longtime friend and sometimes rival David Bowie
1472-515: A number of vehicles, including a white 1960s Rolls-Royce that was loaned by his management to the band Hawkwind on the night of his death. On 16 September 1977, Bolan was a passenger in a Mini 1275GT driven by Gloria Jones as they headed home from Morton's Club Restaurant in Berkeley Square , London. Both had been drinking alcohol , and after crossing a small humpback bridge near Gipsy Lane on Queens Ride, Barnes , South West London,
1564-475: A remake of Bolan's "Girl" from Electric Warrior , and has himself produced tracks for Bolan's son Rolan. In 1983, NWOBHM band Girlschool covered "20th Century Boy" on their Play Dirty . In 1984, the Replacements released a cover of "20th Century Boy" as a B-side to the single " I Will Dare "; it is also included on the reissue version of their album Let It Be . In 1985, Duran Duran splinter band
1656-584: A slick commercial track backed by session musicians called "All at Once" (a song very much in the style of his youthful hero, Cliff Richard , the "English Elvis"), which was later released posthumously by Danielz and Caron Willans in 2008 as a very limited edition seven-inch vinyl after the original tape recording was passed onto them by Delaroy-Hall. This track is one of Bolan's first professional recordings. Bolan then changed his stage name to Toby Tyler when he met and moved in with child actor Allan Warren , who became his second manager. This encounter afforded Bolan
1748-535: Is most noted for its sexual and gender ambiguity and representations of androgyny , beside extensive use of theatrics. It was prefigured by the flamboyant English composer Noël Coward , especially his 1931 song " Mad Dogs and Englishmen ", with music writer Daryl Easlea stating, "Noël Coward's influence on people like Bowie, Roxy Music and Cockney Rebel was absolutely immense. It suggested style, artifice and surface were equally as important as depth and substance. Time magazine noted Coward's 'sense of personal style,
1840-426: The beat poets . Neither song made the charts. In 1966, Bolan turned up at Simon Napier-Bell 's front door with his guitar and proclaimed that he was going to be a big star and he needed someone to make all of the arrangements. Napier-Bell invited Bolan in and listened to his songs. A recording session was immediately booked and the songs were very simply recorded (most of them were not actually released until 1974, on
1932-445: The "overall denim dullness" of "a deadly boring, prematurely matured music scene". Visually, it was a mesh of various styles, ranging from 1930s Hollywood glamour, through 1950s pin-up sex appeal, pre-war cabaret theatrics, Victorian literary and symbolist styles, science fiction , to ancient and occult mysticism and mythology ; manifesting itself in outrageous clothes, makeup, hairstyles, and platform-soled boots. Glam rock
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#17327837132722024-578: The BBC television show Top of the Pops wearing glitter on his face: the performance was later recognized as the foundation of glam rock. For the viewers, it was a defining moment: "Bolan was magical, but also sexually heightened and androgynous ". The song was number one in the UK Singles Chart for six weeks and was quickly followed by " Get It On ", a grittier, more adult tune that spent four weeks in
2116-565: The British single charts in 1973 and 1974. Quatro and T.Rex directly inspired the pioneering Los Angeles based all-girl group The Runaways . Existing acts, some not usually considered central to the genre, also adopted glam styles, including Rod Stewart , Elton John , Queen and, for a time, the Rolling Stones . After seeing Marc Bolan wearing Zandra Rhodes -designed outfits, Freddie Mercury enlisted Rhodes to design costumes for
2208-673: The Darkness , and has inspired pop artists such as Lady Gaga . Its self-conscious embrace of fame and ego continues to reverberate through pop music decades after the death of its prototypical superstar, Marc Bolan of T. Rex, in 1977. As an elastic concept rather than a fixed stratosphere of '70s personalities, it is even equipped to survive the loss of its most enduring artist, David Bowie . The glam rock scene that emerged in early 1970s London included numerous openly bisexual musicians, including Queen's Freddie Mercury, Elton John, and David Bowie. Medium 's Claudia Perry felt that "Glam rock
2300-493: The Hidden Riders of Tomorrow showed that Bolan was attempting to create richer, more involved music than he had previously attempted with T. Rex. He expanded the line up of the band to include a second guitarist, Jack Green, and other studio musicians, and began to take more control over the sound and production of his records, including by then girlfriend Gloria Jones on keyboards as well as backing vocals. Eventually,
2392-468: The Ladybirds on backing vocals (later finding fame with Benny Hill ), and studio session musicians playing all the instruments. "The Wizard", Bolan's first single, was released on 19 November 1965. It featured Jimmy Page and Big Jim Sullivan , was produced by Jim Economides, with music director Mike Leander . Two solo acoustic demos recorded shortly afterwards by the same team ("Reality" and "Song for
2484-598: The Noize " and " Mama Weer All Crazee Now ") or composed new songs based on Slade templates. While highly successful in the single charts in the UK (Slade for example had six number one singles), very few of these musicians were able to make a serious impact in the US; David Bowie was the major exception, becoming an international superstar and prompting the adoption of glam styles among acts like Lou Reed , Iggy Pop , New York Dolls and Jobriath , often known as "glitter rock" and with
2576-551: The Pops "permitted a generation of teeny-boppers to begin playing with the idea of androgyny". T. Rex's 1971 album Electric Warrior received critical acclaim as a pioneering glam rock album. In 1973, a few months after the release of the album Tanx , Bolan captured the front cover of Melody Maker magazine with the declaration "Glam rock is dead!" From late 1971, already a minor star, David Bowie developed his Ziggy Stardust persona, incorporating elements of professional makeup, mime and performance into his act. Bowie, in
2668-655: The Power Station , with Robert Palmer as vocalist, took a version of "Get It On" into the UK Top 40 and to US No. 6, the first cover of a Bolan song to enter the charts since his death. They also performed the tune (with Michael Des Barres replacing Palmer) at the Live Aid concert. In 1986, Violent Femmes covered the song "Children of the Revolution" on their album, The Blind Leading the Naked . In 1989, X released
2760-468: The UK Singles Chart. Regarded as one of the band's best songs, Paste and Billboard ranked it number one and three on their lists of the top 10 T. Rex songs. In 1972, he achieved two more UK number ones with " Telegram Sam " and " Metal Guru " taken from The Slider , and two number twos in " Children of the Revolution " and " Solid Gold Easy Action ". In the same year he appeared in Born to Boogie ,
2852-476: The UK and became a landmark album in glam rock. From 1973, he started marrying rock with other influences, including funk , soul , gospel , disco and R&B . Bolan died in a car crash in 1977. A memorial stone and bust of Bolan, Marc Bolan's Rock Shrine , was unveiled at the site where he died in Barnes , London. His musical influence as guitarist and songwriter is profound; he inspired many later acts over
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2944-608: The UK from tax exile in the US and Monaco and to the public eye with a low-key tour. Bolan made regular appearances on the LWT pop show Supersonic , directed by his old friend Mike Mansfield and released a succession of singles, including "New York City" which reached the top 15. By then, Bolan was current with the music scene, incorporating disco elements in Futuristic Dragon and the single " Dreamy Lady ". The last remaining member of Bolan's halcyon era T. Rex, Currie, left
3036-517: The UK glam rock craze." Producer Tony Visconti , who worked with Bolan during his heyday, stated: "What I saw in Marc Bolan had nothing to do with strings, or very high standards of artistry; what I saw in him was raw talent. I saw genius. I saw a potential rock star in Marc – right from the minute, the hour I met him." Bolan was born at Hackney Hospital and grew up at 25 Stoke Newington Common, in
3128-454: The UK such as Adam and the Ants and A Flock of Seagulls extended glam, and its androgyny and sexual politics were picked up by acts including Culture Club , Bronski Beat and Frankie Goes to Hollywood . Gothic rock was largely informed by the makeup, clothes, theatricality and sound of glam, and punk rock adopted some of the performance and persona-creating tendencies of glam, as well as
3220-654: The UK. Glam rock Glam rock is a style of rock music that developed in the United Kingdom in the early 1970s and was primarily defined by the flamboyant clothing, makeup , and hairstyles of its musicians, particularly platform shoes and glitter . Glam artists drew on diverse sources, ranging from bubblegum pop and 1950s rock and roll to cabaret , science fiction , and complex art rock . The flamboyant clothing and visual styles of performers were often camp or androgynous , and have been described as playing with other gender roles . Glitter rock
3312-475: The album The Beginning of Doves ). Only "Hippy Gumbo", a sinister-sounding, baroque folk-song, was released at the time as Bolan's third unsuccessful single. One song, "You Scare Me to Death", was used in a toothpaste advertisement. Some of the songs also resurfaced in 1982, with additional instrumentation added, on the album You Scare Me to Death . Napier-Bell managed the Yardbirds and John's Children and
3404-473: The backing vocals on " 20th Century Boy ", which peaked at number 3 in March, and mid-year "The Groover" which went to number four. Tanx , parts of which found him heading towards soul, funk and gospel, was both a commercial and critical success in several European countries. "Truck On (Tyke)" missed the UK top 10 reaching only No. 12 in December. However, " Teenage Dream " from the 1974 album Zinc Alloy and
3496-593: The band was brief. Following an ill-fated German tour with the Who , Bolan took some time to reassess his situation. Bolan's imagination was filled with new ideas and he began to write fantasy novels ( The Krakenmist and Pictures Of Purple People ) as well as poems and songs, sometimes finding it hard to separate facts from his own elaborate myth – he famously claimed to have spent time with a wizard in Paris who gave him secret knowledge and could levitate. The time spent with him
3588-584: The band's equipment had been repossessed by their label Track Records . Unperturbed, he rallied to create Tyrannosaurus Rex, his own rock band together with guitarist Ben Cartland, drummer Steve Peregrin Took and an unknown bass player. Napier-Bell recalled of Bolan: "He got a gig at the Electric Garden then put an ad in Melody Maker to get the musicians. The paper came out on Wednesday, the day of
3680-472: The band's record label, Fly , released the Electric Warrior track " Jeepster " without Bolan's permission. Outraged, Bolan took advantage of the timely lapsing of his Fly Records contract and left for EMI , who gave him his own record label, the T. Rex Wax Co. Its bag and label featured a head-and-shoulders image of Bolan. Despite the lack of Bolan's endorsement, "Jeepster" peaked at number two in
3772-537: The book Trans Representations in Contemporary, Popular Cinema . The musical Hedwig and the Angry Inch from 2001 also used glam rock to tell the story of a gender-affirming surgery gone awry. In discussing why glam rock was used for Hedwig, the article goes on to say "by showcasing a more fluid approach to gender expression, glam rock artists like David Bowie, Marc Bolan, and Freddie Mercury became icons for
Marc Bolan - Misplaced Pages Continue
3864-497: The borough of Hackney , east London, the second child of Simeon ("Sid") Feld (1920-1991), a cosmetics salesman and former lorry driver, and Phyllis Winifred (née Atkins; 1927-1991), who ran a stall at Berwick Street Market in Soho . His father was of East End Ashkenazi Jewish origin, and of Russian and Polish ancestry, while his mother was English, originally from Fulham . Moving to Wimbledon , southwest London, he fell in love with
3956-468: The brash guitar riffs of hard rock , stomping rhythms, and 1950s rock and roll , filtering them through the recording innovations of the late 1960s. Ultimately, it became very diverse, varying between the simple rock and roll revivalism of figures like Alvin Stardust to the complex art pop of Roxy Music . In its beginning, it was a youth-orientated reaction to the creeping dominance of progressive rock and concept albums – what Bomp! called
4048-638: The bulk of Bolan's fortune, variously estimated at between £20 and £30 million (approx $ 38 – $ 57 million), remains in trust. The T. Rex singer captivated generations with his strutting music and hyper-sexual charisma. — Alexis Petridis in The Guardian on "glam's greatest icon". Bolan strongly influenced artists of many genres, including glam rock, punk , post-punk , new wave , indie rock , Britpop and alternative rock . After seeing Bolan wearing Zandra Rhodes -designed outfits, Freddie Mercury enlisted Rhodes to design costumes for
4140-472: The car struck a fence post and then a tree. Bolan died at the scene. Jones was critically injured. The car crash site has become a shrine to his memory, where fans leave tributes beside the tree. In 2013, the shrine was featured on the BBC Four series Pagans and Pilgrims: Britain's Holiest Places . The site, Marc Bolan's Rock Shrine , is owned and maintained by the T. Rex Action Group. His funeral service
4232-474: The character of Penny Lane, played by Kate Hudson . In 2000, Naoki Urasawa created a Japanese manga entitled 20th Century Boys that was inspired by Marc Bolan's song, " 20th Century Boy ". The series is a multiple award-winner, and has also been released in North America. The story was adopted into three successful live-action movies from 2008 to 2009, which were also released in the US, Canada and
4324-739: The complete package." The 1973 album Still by Pete Sinfield mentions Bolan by name in the title track: "Beatles and Bolans, raindrops and oceans". In December 1980, "Telegram Sam" was the fourth single released by British gothic rock band Bauhaus . Also in 1980, the Bongos were the first American group, with "Mambo Sun", to enter the Billboard charts with a T.Rex cover. Since then, Bongos frontman Richard Barone has recorded several other Bolan compositions ("The Visit," "Ballrooms of Mars"), worked with T.Rex producer Tony Visconti for his current solo album, Glow (2010, Bar/None Records ) that includes
4416-489: The court hearing on 5 October 1976, Deputy Judge Donald Ellison declared: "I am satisfied that the husband committed adultery with the co-respondent, and that the wife finds it intolerable to live with him", and granted a decree nisi. Twelve months after that date, it was to become a decree absolute, thus severing the Bolans' matrimonial ties. "The facts are that she initially left me, and we just grew apart," Bolan explained after
4508-419: The duo's music, buying a white Fender Stratocaster decorated with a paisley teardrop motif from Syd Barrett . After replacing Took with Mickey Finn , he let the electric influences come forward even further on A Beard of Stars , the final album to be credited to Tyrannosaurus Rex. It closed with the song "Elemental Child", featuring a long electric guitar break influenced by Jimi Hendrix . Marc Bolan,
4600-463: The earliest of Bolan's known recordings. He signed to Decca Records in August 1965. At this point his name changed to Marc Bolan via Marc Bowland. There are several accounts of why Bolan was chosen, including that it was derived from James Bolam , that it was a contraction of Bob Dylan, and – according to Bolan himself – that Decca Records chose the name. He recorded his debut single "The Wizard" with
4692-408: The end of the 1960s. Bolan was, in the words of music critic Ken Barnes , "the man who started it all". Often cited as the moment of inception is Bolan's appearance on the BBC music show Top of the Pops in March 1971 wearing glitter and satins, to perform what would be his second UK Top 10 hit (and first UK Number 1 hit), " Hot Love ". The Independent states that Bolan's appearance on Top of
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#17327837132724784-496: The fictional band the Flaming Creatures (performed by Placebo , reprised by Placebo and David Bowie at the 1999 Brit Awards ) in the 1998 film Velvet Goldmine . In every decade since his death, a Bolan greatest hits compilation has placed in the top 20 UK albums and periodic boosts in sales have come via cover versions from artists inspired by Bolan, including Morrissey . In 1991, Morrissey and David Bowie performed
4876-404: The first disastrous electric gig, "He didn't have the courage to try it again; it really had been a blow to his ego... Later he told everyone he'd been forced into going acoustic because Track Records had repossessed all his gear. In fact he'd been forced to go acoustic because he was scared to do anything else." The original version of Tyrannosaurus Rex with Took released three albums; two reached
4968-399: The following decades. Bolan's March 1971 appearance on the BBC's music show Top of the Pops , wearing glitter on his face, performing the UK chart topper "Hot Love" is cited as the start of the glam rock movement. Music critic Ken Barnes called Bolan "the man who started it all". The 1971 album Electric Warrior has been described by AllMusic as "the album that essentially kick-started
5060-474: The genre's emphasis on pop-art qualities and simple but powerful instrumentation. Glam rock has been influential around the world. In Japan in the 1980s, visual kei was strongly influenced by glam rock aesthetics. Glam rock has since enjoyed continued influence and sporadic modest revivals in R&;B crossover act Prince , bands such as Marilyn Manson , Suede , Placebo , Chainsaw Kittens , Spacehog and
5152-677: The genre, artists such as Elton John , Rod Stewart and Freddie Mercury of Queen also adopted glam styles. In the United States, the scene was much less prevalent, with Alice Cooper and Lou Reed the only American artists to score a hit in the UK. Other American glam artists include New York Dolls , Sparks , Suzi Quatro , Iggy Pop and Jobriath . Glam rock declined after the mid-1970s, but influenced other musical genres including punk rock , glam metal , death rock and gothic rock . The New Romantic movement, which began as an underground fashion subculture movement in nightclubs in
5244-465: The gig. At three o'clock he was interviewing musicians, at five he was getting ready to go on stage.... It was a disaster. He just got booed off the stage." Following this concert, Bolan pared the band down to just himself and Took, and they continued as a psychedelic -folk rock acoustic duo, playing Bolan's songs, with Took playing assorted hand and kit percussion and occasional bass to Bolan's acoustic guitars and voice. Napier-Bell said of Bolan that after
5336-521: The group in late 1976. In early 1977, Bolan got a new band together, released a new album, Dandy in the Underworld , and set out on a fresh UK tour, taking along punk band the Damned as support to entice a young audience who did not remember his heyday barely five years previously. Later in 1977, Granada Television commissioned Bolan to front a six-part series called Marc in which he hosted
5428-622: The group's name to T. Rex. Bolan and his producer Tony Visconti oversaw the session for "Ride a White Swan", the single that changed Bolan's career which was inspired in part by Mungo Jerry 's success with " In the Summertime ", moving Bolan away from predominantly acoustic numbers to a more electric sound. Recorded on 1 July 1970 and released later that year, it made slow progress in the UK Top 40 , until it finally peaked in early 1971 at number two. Inspired by his muse, June Child, Bolan developed
5520-578: The late 1970s before becoming mainstream in the early 80s, was also inspired by the visuals of the glam rock era. Glam rock can be seen as a fashion as well as musical subgenre. Glam artists rejected the revolutionary rhetoric of the late 1960s rock scene, instead glorifying decadence , superficiality, and the simple structures of earlier pop music. In response to these characteristics, scholars such as I.Taylor and D. Wall characterised glam rock as "offensive, commercial, and cultural emasculation". Artists drew on such musical influences as bubblegum pop ,
5612-525: The next Queen tour in 1974. Bolan was the early guitar idol of Johnny Marr , who later found fame as the guitarist of the influential indie rock band the Smiths . In 1979, Siouxsie and the Banshees released a cover of "20th Century Boy" as the B-side to the single " The Staircase (Mystery) ". The band had played the song live for several months and on the first anniversary of Bolan's death in 1978 played
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#17327837132725704-459: The next Queen tour in 1974. Punk rock , in part a reaction to the artifice of glam rock, but using some elements of the genre, including makeup and involving cover versions of glam rock records, helped end the fashion for glam from about 1976. While glam rock was exclusively a British cultural phenomenon, with Steven Wells in The Guardian writing "Americans only got glam second hand via
5796-412: The ordinary world, he managed to cast a spell over all of us." — U2 guitarist The Edge on Bolan after watching him on the BBC's Top of the Pops in March 1971. " 20th Century Boy " introduced a new generation of devotees to Bolan's work in 1991 when it was featured on a Levi's jeans TV commercial featuring Brad Pitt , and was re-released, reaching No. 13 in the UK. The song was performed by
5888-467: The pixie prince of glam rock , remains a huge influence in music and fashion. — Adam Sweeting , The Telegraph . Becoming more adventurous musically, Bolan bought a modified vintage Gibson Les Paul guitar (featured on the cover of the album T. Rex ), and then wrote and recorded his first hit " Ride a White Swan ", which was dominated by a rolling hand-clapping back-beat, Bolan's electric guitar and Finn's percussion. At this time he also shortened
5980-419: The playground to a small audience of friends. At 15, he was expelled from school; according to one of his friends: "He'd done something wrong and he went to see the headmaster, or the deputy headmaster, Mr Pearson. He said he was going to give him the cane and Mark said no. He told him to hold out his hand and Mark nutted him." He appeared as an extra in an episode of the television show Orlando , dressed as
6072-563: The posh Bowie version", covers of British glam rock classics are now piped-muzak staples at US sporting events. Glam rock was a background influence for Richard O'Brien , writer of the 1973 London musical The Rocky Horror Show . Although glam rock went into a steep decline in popularity in the UK in the second half of the 1970s, it had a direct influence on acts that rose to prominence later, including Kiss and American glam metal acts like Quiet Riot , W.A.S.P. , Twisted Sister , Bon Jovi , Mötley Crüe and Ratt . New Romantic acts in
6164-527: The rock and roll of Gene Vincent , Eddie Cochran , Arthur Crudup and Chuck Berry and hung around coffee bars such as the 2i's in Soho . Bolan was a pupil at Northwold Primary School, Upper Clapton. At the age of nine, he was given his first guitar and began a skiffle band. While at school, he played guitar in "Susie and the Hula Hoops", a trio whose vocalist was a 12-year-old Helen Shapiro . During lunch breaks at school, he would play his guitar in
6256-463: The rock scene's first openly gay star, was also part of the glam rock scene. Glam rock hits " Walk on the Wild Side " by Lou Reed and " Rebel Rebel " by David Bowie also brought attention to non-heteronormative situations in the world of rock. When discussing "Rebel Rebel", Tim Bowers of The New York Times recalls that "glam's vocals had a fruity theatricality, supporting lyrics that presented as
6348-505: The ruling. "There were no great scenes, no smashing things up. It just suddenly happened one day. We weren't a couple anymore." He also used the opportunity to shed a little light on his sexuality. "Anyway, I'm gay," he only half-jested. "I can't say I was a latent homosexual – I was an early one. But sex was never a great problem. I'm a great screwer". Asked about the institution of marriage, he replied: "Gloria doesn't want to get married and neither do I. If I ever marry anyone again, I'll put in
6440-555: The song as the encore when they performed at Aylesbury Friars. Emerging in the New Romantic movement in the early 1980s, Boy George spoke of the impact Bolan and Bowie had on him: "They represented a kind of bohemian existence that I – at that point – could only imagine living. I loved the music. The first time I ever saw Marc Bolan really, properly was singing 'Metal Guru' and just loved him. I don't think you can separate an artist from what they wear or what they sing – it's kind of
6532-598: The time. Warren also hired a recording studio and had Bolan's first acetates cut. Two tracks were later released, the Bob Dylan song " Blowin' in the Wind " and Dion 's "The Road I'm On (Gloria)". A version of Betty Everett 's " You're No Good " (still unreleased) was later submitted to EMI for a test screening but was turned down. Warren later sold Bolan's contract and recordings for £200 to his landlord, property mogul David Kirch , in lieu of three months' back rent, but Kirch
6624-508: The top fifteen in the UK Albums Chart. They also had a top 40 hit "Debora" in 1968. They were supported with airplay by BBC Radio 1 DJ John Peel . One of the highlights of this era was when the duo played at the first free Hyde Park concert in 1968. Although the free-spirited, drug-taking Took was fired from the group after their first American tour, they were a force within the hippie underground scene while they lasted. Their music
6716-613: The top spot. The song, re-titled "Bang a Gong (Get It On)" when released in the US, reached No. 10 in the Billboard Hot 100 in early 1972. Dressed in a satin sailor suit, but also – and most importantly – with the glittery gold teardrops beneath his eyes. This performance is often acknowledged as the birth of glam. His androgynous style has been an enduring influence on fashion. From Gucci to Saint Laurent, fashion has long drawn inspiration from his style. He knew how to subvert gender norms into fantastical new shapes. In November 1971,
6808-502: The underground days (Bolan had played guitar on Bowie's 1970 single "Prettiest Star"; Bolan and Bowie also shared the same manager, Les Conn, and producer, Tony Visconti) but their friendship was also a rivalry, which continued throughout his career. Bowie's 1972 song " All the Young Dudes " name-checked T. Rex. Bowie's song " Lady Stardust " is generally interpreted as alluding to fellow glam rock icon Bolan. The original demo version
6900-559: The vintage T. Rex line-up disintegrated. Bolan's marriage came to an end because of his affair with backing singer Jones, which began in July 1973. He spent a good deal of his time in the US during this period, continuing to release singles and albums, putting R & B influences with rock on Bolan's Zip Gun . In September 1975 Gloria Jones gave birth to Bolan's son, whom they named Rolan Bolan (although his birth certificate lists him as 'Rolan Seymour Feld'). That same year, Bolan returned to
6992-757: Was a former secretary to his then managers, Blackhill Enterprises , also the managers of another of his heroes, Syd Barrett , who June had previously dated. She was also influential in raising her new husband's profile in the music industry. Bolan's relationship with June was tumultuous; he engaged in several affairs over the course of their marriage, including one with singer Marsha Hunt in 1969, and another with artist Barbara Nessim while recording in America in 1971. The couple separated in 1973, after June found out about Bolan's affair with his backing singer Gloria Jones . After Bolan's death, June revealed that she had abortions during their marriage because she believed Bolan
7084-490: Was a more extreme version of glam rock. The UK charts were inundated with glam rock acts from 1971 to 1975. The March 1971 appearance of T. Rex frontman Marc Bolan on the BBC's music show Top of the Pops —performing " Hot Love "—wearing glitter and satins, is often cited as the beginning of the movement. Other British glam rock artists included David Bowie , Mott the Hoople , Sweet , Slade , Mud , Roxy Music , Alvin Stardust and Gary Glitter . Though not central to
7176-435: Was a queer paradise of sorts. Watching Mick Ronson and Bowie frolic onstage gave hope to every queer kid in the world. John's flamboyancy was also of great comfort. Marc Bolan of T. Rex is still the subject of speculation (a friend who worked at Creem remembers him coming on to just about everyone when he came through Detroit, but this clearly isn't definitive)." Glam also rock helped to normalise androgynous fashion. Jobriath,
7268-402: Was at first going to slot Bolan into the Yardbirds. In early 1967 he eventually settled instead for John's Children because they needed a songwriter and he admired Bolan's writing ability. The band achieved some success as a live act but sold few records. A John's Children single written by Bolan called " Desdemona " was banned by the BBC for its line "lift up your skirt and fly". His tenure with
7360-411: Was clearly visible, and the band stopped playing after a few seconds. With no time for a retake, the occurrence was aired. Bolan began his first serious romantic relationship, with Teresa Whipman, in 1965. They broke up in 1968 when Bolan met June Ellen Child. The pair immediately fell in love and moved into a flat together after knowing each other for only a few days. They married on 30 January 1970. She
7452-593: Was entitled "He Was Alright (A Song for Marc)" In 1973, Bolan played twin lead guitar alongside his friend Jeff Lynne on the Electric Light Orchestra songs " Ma-Ma-Ma Belle " and "Dreaming of 4000" (originally uncredited) from On the Third Day , as well as on "Everyone's Born to Die", which was not released at the time but appears as a bonus track on the 2006 remaster. For the following recording sessions, he recruited soul female singers for
7544-601: Was filled with Bolan's otherworldly poetry. In 1969, Bolan published his first and only book of poetry entitled The Warlock of Love . Although some critics dismissed it as self-indulgence, it was full of Bolan's florid prose and wordplay, selling 40,000 copies and in 1969–70 became one of Britain's best-selling books of poetry. It was reprinted in 1992 by the Tyrannosaurus Rex Appreciation Society. In keeping with his early rock and roll interests, Bolan began bringing amplified guitar lines into
7636-558: Was held on 20 September 1977 at the Golders Green Crematorium in North London . Bolan's ashes were later buried under a rose bush. Bolan's funeral was attended by David Bowie , Rod Stewart , Tony Visconti and Steve Harley among other musicians. Bolan had arranged a discretionary trust to safeguard his money. A small, separate Jersey -based trust fund has allowed his son to receive some income. However,
7728-609: Was included on a private preview show on 21 February 1993 in Burbank, Los Angeles which was recorded and released, complete with the cover version, as a live bonus CD with 1994 pressings of his Antmusic: The Very Best of Adam Ant collection. The Cameron Crowe-created movie Almost Famous features a scene where a Black Sabbath groupie is telling aspiring journalist William Miller (said to be created in Crowe's own image) about how, "Marc Bolan broke her heart, man. It's famous," regarding
7820-442: Was introduced by his personal assistant, Chelita Secunda, although Bolan told John Pidgeon in a 1974 interview on Radio 1 that he noticed the glitter on his wife, June Child's dressing table prior to a photo session and casually daubed some on his face there and then. Other performers – and their fans – soon took up variations on the idea. The glam era also saw the rise of Bolan's friend David Bowie , whom Bolan had come to know in
7912-457: Was not mature enough to be a father. Bolan and Gloria Jones were in a committed romantic relationship from 1973 until his death in September 1977. The couple had a son together in September 1975 and the three of them lived together for nearly two years until Bolan's death. At the end of June 1976, June Bolan sued for divorce on the grounds of adultery, citing Gloria Jones as the third party. At
8004-508: Was not only a highly successful trend in UK popular music, it became dominant in other aspects of British popular culture during the 1970s. A heavier variant of glam rock, emphasising guitar riff centric songs, driving rhythms and live performance with audience participation, were represented by bands like Slade and Mott the Hoople , with later followers such as Def Leppard , Cheap Trick , Poison , Kiss , and Quiet Riot , some of which either covered Slade compositions (such as " Cum On Feel
8096-407: Was often alluded to but remained "mythical". In reality the wizard was probably American actor Riggs O'Hara with whom Bolan made a trip to Paris in 1965. Given time to reinvent himself, after John's Children, Bolan's songwriting took off and he began writing many of the poetic and neo-romantic songs that appeared on his first albums with T. Rex . Bolan left John's Children when, among other problems,
8188-481: Was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2020 as a member of T. Rex. In the late 1960s, he rose to fame as the founder and leader of the psychedelic folk band Tyrannosaurus Rex, with whom he released four critically acclaimed albums and had one minor hit "Debora". Bolan had started as an acoustic singer-writer before heading into electric music prior to the recording of T. Rex's first single " Ride
8280-508: Was reportedly selling 100,000 records a day; however, no T. Rex single ever became a million-seller in the UK, despite many gold discs and an average of four weeks at the top per number one hit. No T. Rex record was certified until 1985, as the record company had to pay for it, which Bolan's did not in the 1970s. Bolan took to wearing top hats and feather boas on stage as well as putting drops of glitter on each of his cheekbones . Stories are conflicting about his inspiration for this – some say it
8372-424: Was the final guest on the last episode of Marc . Bowie's solo song "Heroes" was the show's penultimate song; Bolan signed off, naming some of the musicians: "All the cats; you know who they are"; they then began to play a bluesy song, over the closing credits. After four words of Bowie's vocals, however, Bolan stumbled forward, and off the stage, but managed to grab the microphone, and find a smile. Bowie's amusement
8464-531: Was too busy with his property empire to do anything for him. A year or so later, Bolan's mother pushed into Kirch's office and shouted at him that he had done nothing for her son. She demanded he tear up the contract and he willingly complied. The tapes of the first two tracks produced during the Toby Tyler recording session vanished for over 25 years before resurfacing in 1991 and selling for nearly $ 8,000. Their eventual release on CD in 1993 made available some of
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