96-527: Wars of Bajirao Bajirao I ( born as Visaji , Marathi: [ˈbaːdʑiɾaːʋ bəˈlːaːɭ̆] ; 18 August 1700 – 28 April 1740) was the 7th Peshwa of the Maratha Confederacy . He, after Shivaji , is considered to be the most charismatic and dynamic leader in Maratha history. He was just twenty years old and already had a reputation for rapid decisions and a passion for military adventure. In
192-549: A jagir and his daughter's hand in marriage. In the 1730s, Bajirao asserted Maratha tax rights in Gujarat, defeating rebel Trimbak Rao Dabhade in 1731 at Battle of Dabhoi ; he also engaged in a diplomatic mission to persuade Rajput courts for chauth payments. Further efforts to establish Maratha dominance saw him responsible for the Battle of Delhi (1737) which may be said to mark the pinnacle of his military career. He secured
288-546: A hub of Maratha dominionation of the North. This was the golden period of Banda when culture and language were promoted. Nawab Tank was built in memory of Mirza Ghalib, who happens to be a blood relative of Nawab. Nawab started the Shazar stone masonry works and his rule was one of the milestones in peace and Maratha hegemony. The Indian Rebellion of 1857 started on 14 June. In Banda it was led by Nawab Ali Bahadur II . This struggle
384-601: A ransom. Bajirao had been on the expedition to Delhi in 1719 with his father and was convinced the Mughal Empire was disintegrating and would be unable to resist northward Maratha expansion. When Balaji Vishwanath died in 1720, Shahu appointed the 20-year-old Bajirao as Peshwa despite opposition from other chieftains. Bajirao's first wife was Kashibai , the daughter of Mahadji Krishna Joshi and Bhawanibai of Chas (a wealthy banking family). Bajirao always treated his wife Kashibai with love and respect. Their relationship
480-419: A result later on many states were controlled and administered by the Maratha chiefs such as Scindias and Gaekwads . In 1760, the peace of Peshwa government was broken by a rising of Kolis under their Naik Javji Bamble . Javji withdrew to the hills and organised a series of gang robberies, causing widespread terror and misery throughout the country. For twenty years he held out bravely, defeating and killing
576-802: A retaliatory guerilla attack on the Nizam with his trusted lieutenants Malhar Rao Holkar , Ranoji Shinde and the Pawar brothers. He began to destroy the towns held by the Nizam; leaving Pune, he crossed the Godavari River near Puntamba and plundered Jalna and Sindkhed . Bajirao destroyed Berar , Mahur , Mangrulpir and Washim before turning north-west to Khandesh . He crossed the Tapi River at Kokarmunda and entered eastern Gujarat , reaching Chota Udaipur in January 1728. After hearing that
672-453: A rivalry with the powerful Dabhade clan after subduing Trimbak Rao; Trimbak's son, Yashwant Rao, was appointed as Shahu's senapati. The Dabhade clan were allowed to continue collecting chauth from Gujarat if they deposited half the revenue in Shahu's treasury. The Siddis of Janjira controlled a small, strategically important territory on India's west coast. Although they originally held only
768-523: A round shield. There was a spare horse for every two men. The Marathas moved unencumbered by artillery, baggage, or even handguns and defensive armour. They supplied themselves by looting. Montgomery further wrote, Baji Rao resented the Nizam's rule over the Deccan and it was he who struck the first blow. In October 1727, as soon as rainy season ended, Baji Rao burst into the territories of Nizam. The lightly equipped Marathas moved with great rapidity, avoiding
864-549: A son, Krishna Rao , in 1734. Since his mother was Muslim, Hindu priests refused to conduct the upanayana ceremony and he became known as Shamsher Bahadur. After the deaths of Bajirao and Mastani in 1740, Kashibai raised six-year-old Shamsher Bahadur as her own. Shamsher received a portion of his father's dominion of Banda and Kalpi . In 1761, he and his army fought alongside the Peshwa in the Third Battle of Panipat between
960-516: A sovereign kingdom and considered the Marathas his rivals in the Deccan. In 1725, the Nizam sent an army to clear Maratha revenue collectors from the Carnatic region . The Marathas dispatched a force under Fateh Singh Bhosle to counter him; Bajirao accompanied Bhosle, but according to Stewart Gordon , Bajirao did not command the army. According to Govind Sakharam Sardesai , Bajirao personally led
1056-460: A sudden fear seized the citizens of Delhi who expected the attack of the Maratha conqueror any moment. But Baji Rao did not proceed with his victory although he could have taken the city unopposed. He had received intelligence that the Vazir with his army was coming towards Delhi in rapid marches when he heard that Baji Rao was before the gates of the capital. The Peshwa realised that any further stay in
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#17327730429341152-612: Is also responsible for maintaining law and order in the city. The city is administered by the Banda Municipal Corporation with executive power vested in the Municipal Commissioner of Banda, who is an administrative officer. The corporation comprises elected members (corporators elected from the wards directly by the people) with City Mayor as its head. An Assistant Municipal Commissioner oversees each ward for administrative purposes. The Banda Police
1248-788: Is headed by a Superintendent of Police, who is an IPS officer. The Banda Police comes under the state Home Ministry. The city is divided into several police zones and traffic police zones. The Traffic Police is a semi-autonomous body under the Banda Police. The Banda Fire Brigade department is headed by the Chief Fire Officer, who is assisted by Deputy Chief Fire Officers and Divisional Officers. It contains an area of 3,061 square miles (7,930 km ). In some parts it rises into irregular uplands and elevated plains, interspersed with detached rocks of granite; in others it sinks into marshy lowlands, which frequently remain under water during
1344-537: The Battle of Sakhar-kheda ; this forced the emperor to recognise him as viceroy of the Deccan. The Marathas, led by Bajirao, helped the Nizam win this battle. For his valor, Bajirao was honored with a robe, a 7,000-man mansabdari , an elephant, and a jewel. After the battle, the Nizam tried to appease the Maratha Chhatrapati Shahu and the Mughal emperor; in reality, however, he wanted to carve out
1440-572: The Deccan region , the Nizam of Hyderabad emerged as a significant threat. Bajirao then led a campaign against the Nizam in which Nizam suffered a decisive defeat at Palkheda . This victory solidified the Marathas’ authority in the Deccan region. In Bundelkhand , he rescued the Bundela ruler Chhatrasal from a Mughal siege , gaining independence for Bundelkhand. Gratefully, Chhatrasal granted Bajirao
1536-467: The Jat and Mewati hill route (avoiding the direct Agra-Delhi route) and was at Delhi. The Mughal commanders left the feast and began a hasty return to capital. The Mughal emperor dispatched a force, led by Mir Hasan Khan Koka, to check Bajirao's advance. The Marathas defeated his force on 28 March 1737 in outskirts of Delhi at Rikabganj. When the news of the defeat of the Mughal troops by the Marathas spread,
1632-583: The Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah had upheld Maratha claims to the territories held by Shivaji at his death. A treaty gave the Marathas the right to collect taxes ( chauth ) in the Deccan 's six provinces . Bajirao convinced Shahu that the Maratha Empire had to go on the offensive against its enemies to defend itself. He believed the Mughal Empire was in decline, and wanted to take advantage of
1728-657: The Peshwa 'a Subedar of Banda. The descendants of Shamsher Bahadur continued their allegiance towards the Maratha polity and his grandson, Shamsher Bahadur II, fought the English in the Anglo-Maratha War of 1803 . As per 2011 Indian Census , Banda has a population of 154,428, out of which males are 82,116 and females are 72,312. Population in the age group of 0 to 6 years is 18,621. The total number of literates in Banda
1824-561: The Treaty of Mungi Shevgaon on 6 March, recognising Shahu as the King and the Maratha right to collect taxes in the Deccan. This event is considered as an example of brilliant execution of military strategy. In his Military History of India , Jadunath Sarkar wrote:"This campaign gives a classic example of what the predatory horse, when led by a genius, could achieve in the age of light artillery." In Bundelkhand , Chhatrasal rebelled against
1920-635: The Yamuna river in the Bundelkhand region. It is the administrative headquarters of Banda District . The town is well connected to major cities with railways and state highways. The town is near the right bank of the river Ken, 189 km south-west of Allahabad . Banda was a town and district of British India , in the Allahabad division of the United Provinces. The population in 1901
2016-460: The 17th century. This place was important during the freedom struggle. A mela is organised in this place called ‘Natbali Ka Mela’. The fort is situated at the bank of the Ken river. The historical importance of Bhuragarh Fort is related to Bundela reign, Kirat Singh, son of Jagat Rai, repaired Bhuragarh Fort in 1746 A.D. None Arjun Singh was the caretaker of the fort. In 1787 AD, Nawab Ali Bahudur I with
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#17327730429342112-527: The Deccan in the absence of his father, mobilized 10,000 soldiers and marched against Bajirao. The Battle ensued after both parties crossed the Godavari River . In the ensuing battle, according to some sources, Bajirao suffered defeat, and his army was compelled to make a humiliating peace treaty, marking a significant setback for the Maratha forces. However, based on alternative accounts, Bajirao attempted to alleviate his sorrow through engaging in wartime activities. When his request for additional territories from
2208-477: The Godavari to meet Bajirao on an open plain where his artillery would be effective. The Nizam went on ahead of his artillery; on 25 February 1728, the armies of Bajirao and the Nizam faced each other at Palkhed, a town about 30 miles (48 km) west of Aurangabad . The Nizam was quickly surrounded by Maratha forces and trapped, his lines of supply and communication were cut. He was forced to make peace; he signed
2304-621: The India Family Mart, a mid scale shopping store, is currently giving their service to the city. The temple is said to derive its name from Bamdeo Rishi, a sage mentioned in Hindu mythology as a contemporary of Lord Rama. Bamdeo is said to have had his hermitage at the foot of a hill. There is one big and old Shivling is situated in the temple in the kho of Bambeshar Pahar. Across the river Ken there are ruins of Bhuragarh Fort, said to be built with brown stones by Raja Guman Singh in
2400-541: The Janjira fort, after Shivaji's death they expanded their rule to a large part of central and northern Konkan . After the death of Siddi chief Yakut Khan in 1733, a war of succession broke out among his sons; one, Abdul Rehman, asked Bajirao for help. Bajirao sent a Maratha force led by Sekhoji Angre, son of Kanhoji Angre . The Marathas regained control of several portions of the Konkan, and besieged Janjira. Their strength
2496-515: The Kolis. The leader of this outbreak was Ramji Naik Bhangria, who was an abler and more daring man than his predecessors, and succeeded in baffling all the efforts of the Government officers to seize him. As force seemed hopeless, the Government offered Ramji a pardon and gave him an important police post. The word Peshwa is from Persian پیشوا pēshwā , meaning "foremost, leader". The term
2592-695: The Maratha confederacy. Under the Chitpavan Brahmin Bhat family , the Peshwas became the de facto hereditary administrators of the Confederacy. The Peshwa's office was most powerful under Baji Rao I (r. 1720–1740). Under Peshwa administration and with the support of several key generals and diplomats, the Maratha Confederacy reached its zenith, ruling major areas of India . The subsequent Peshwas brought in autonomy and as
2688-530: The Marathas and the Afghans . Wounded in the battle, Shamsher died several days later in Deeg . Bajirao moved his base of operations from Saswad to Pune in 1728, laying the foundation for the transformation of the kasba into a large city. He began the construction of Shaniwar Wada on 10 January 1730. Bajirao was appointed Peshwa, succeeding his father, by Shahu on 17 April 1720. By the time of his appointment,
2784-457: The Martyr. The Church has many historic memorials of British officers who served in Banda. St. Paul's Church, Banda is second oldest church of Banda. This church was established in the 1911. This Gothic Revival style building can accommodate up to 250 worshipers during the time of service. This church is biggest church in the city and is the centre of worship from more than a century. The church
2880-464: The Mughal Empire and established an independent kingdom. In December 1728, a Mughal force led by Muhammad Khan Bangash attacked him and besieged his fort and family. Although Chhatrasal repeatedly sought Bajirao's assistance, he was busy in Malwa at the time. He compared his dire situation to that of Gajendra Moksha . In his letter to Bajirao, Chhatrasal wrote the following words: Know you, that I am in
2976-598: The Mughal territories in the Doab . Saadat Khan led a force of 150,000, defeated them at Jalesar, and retired to Mathura . Malhar Rao Holkar rejoined Bajirao's army near Gwalior . Samsam-ud-Daulah, Mir Bakshi and Muhammad Khan Bangash invited Saadat Ali Khan to a banquet in Samsam-ud-Daulah's tent in Mathura, thinking that the Marathas had retreated to the Deccan. During the feast, they learnt Bajirao had slipped along
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3072-593: The Narmada in early December 1737, communicating with agents and spies posted to observe enemy moves. The Nizam sheltered in Bhopal , a fortified town with a lake at his rear, to keep his army and artillery secure. The Nizam, unable to hold out any longer, signed a peace agreement at Doraha on 7 January 1738. Malwa was ceded to the Marathas; the Mughals agreed to pay the equivalent of ₹ 5,000,000 in reparations , with
3168-457: The Nizam had returned to Pune, Bajirao feinted toward Burhanpur ; he thought that after hearing about the threat to the strategically important Burhanpur, the Nizam would try to save it. Bajirao did not enter Burhanpur, however, arriving at Betawad in Khandesh on 14 February 1728. When the Nizam heard that his northern territories had been devastated by Bajirao, he left Pune and marched towards
3264-415: The Nizam refused to recognize the Maratha right to collect taxes from the Deccan provinces. He was made vizier of the Mughal Empire in 1721 by emperor Muhammad Shah , who, alarmed at his increasing power, transferred him from the Deccan to Awadh in 1723. The Nizam rebelled against the order, resigned as vizier and marched towards the Deccan. The emperor sent an army against him, which the Nizam defeated at
3360-488: The Nizam swearing on the Quran to abide by the treaty. Between 1738 and 1740, Nader Shah launched an invasion of India. In response to this threat, Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah summoned the Nizam of Hyderabad, Asaf Jah, to Delhi . Accepting the emperor's request, Asaf Jah mobilized his army and marched to Delhi in a bid to resist the invasion. In the absence of the Nizam, Bajirao launched an attack on Hyderabad with
3456-554: The Nizam to establish a northern route was unsuccessful, he laid siege to Nasir Jang, the Nizam's son, in the Aurangabad fort, ultimately forcing him to relinquish the districts of Nemad and Khargon. According to some historical sources, Peshwa Bajirao's last battle took place in Rawarkhedi, Madhya Pradesh in 1739, against Nasir Jung , the Nizam's son. Nasir Jung lost the battle and escaped. Nasir sued for peace and an agreement
3552-427: The Pawar brothers and Fateh Singh Bhosle, as commanders; these men did not belong to families who were hereditary Deshmukhs in the Deccan sultanates . The Mughal viceroy of the Deccan , Asaf Jah I , Nizam of Hyderabad , had created a de facto autonomous kingdom in the region. He challenged Shahu 's right to collect taxes on the pretext that he did not know whether Shahu or his cousin, Sambhaji II of Kolhapur ,
3648-482: The Peshwa returned to Satara , then Bajirao dispatched a force to prevent them from taking over Raigad Fort in June 1734. Chimnaji made a surprise attack on a Siddi camp near Rewas on 19 April 1736, killing about 1,500 (including their leader, Siddi Sat). In June 1736, Bajirao dispatched a force under Yesaji Gaikwad, Dhanaji Thorat and Sidoji Barge to gain the control territories like Gowalkot . On 25 September of that year,
3744-494: The Peshwa. Two other Maratha nobles from Gujarat, Damaji Rao Gaekwad and Kadam Bande, also sided with Dabhade. After Girdhar Bahadur's defeat in 1728, the Mughal emperor had appointed Jai Singh II to subdue the Marathas. Jai Singh recommended a peaceful agreement; the emperor disagreed, replacing him with Muhammad Khan Bangash . Bangash formed an alliance with the Nizam, Trimbak Rao and Sambhaji II. Bajirao learned that Dabhade and Gaikwad had made preparations for an open fight on
3840-486: The Portuguese with an attack on Salcette Island on 13 March 1733. Peace would prove to be short, as five years later the Marathas would again invade Portuguese territory and attack Bassein. After consolidating Maratha influence in central India, Bajirao decided to assert the Maratha right to collect taxes from the wealthy province of Gujarat and sent a Maratha force under Chimaji Appa there in 1730. Sarbuland Khan,
3936-530: The Siddis signed a peace treaty which confined them to Janjira, Gowalkot and Anjanvel. With Shahu's consent, Bajirao began a northward journey on 9 October 1735. Accompanied by his wife, Kashibai , he intended to visit Rajput courts and persuade them to pay chauth. Bajirao arrived at Mewar 's southern frontier in January 1736, where Rana Jagat Singh II had made arrangements for his visit. Diplomatic talks got underway. Bajirao also visited Jagmandir Palace , in
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4032-561: The Wazir's army and possibility of reinforcement from the other Mughal nobles he made a decision to quickly retreat from Badshahpur during early night. Passing through Rajputana Bajirao reached Narnol and then Ajmer. The Mughals could not pursue the Marathas and the Emperor had recalled them to Delhi. The Rajput princes once again affirmed their loyalty to the Peshwa and solicited his protection. This event caused great consternation and dismay in
4128-410: The aim of capturing the six provinces of Deccan . Having already secured Malwa through the Battle of Bhopal from Jai Singh II , Bajirao sought to expand Maratha influence by targeting Hyderabad in the absence of the Nizam. In December 1739, Bajirao led a formidable force of 50,000 horse and foot soldiers towards Hyderabad. Nasir Jung, having received intelligence about the Marathas' intent to capture
4224-550: The campaign under Shahu's command. In contrast, Stewart Gordon 's account suggests that Bajirao was present during the campaign but did not assume command. In the Deccan, Sambhaji II of Kolhapur State had become a rival claimant to the title of Maratha King. The Nizam took advantage of the internal dispute, refusing to pay the chauth because it was unclear who was the real Chhatrapati (Shahu or Sambhaji II) and offering to arbitrate . Shripatrao Pant Pratinidhi advised Shahu to begin negotiations and agree to arbitration. Sambhaji II
4320-411: The capital. Although the Peshwa left the city suddenly, he exposed the weakness of the government. The demoralizing effect which the Peshwa's surprise attack produced on the army and the citizens of Delhi was permanent. Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah sought help from the Nizam after Bajirao's march to Delhi; the Nizam set out from the Deccan, met Bajirao's returning force at Sironj , and told the Peshwa he
4416-686: The centre of Pichola Lake (at Rana Jagat Singh's invitation), and Nath-Dwara . After resolving matters in Mewar, Bajirao advanced towards Jaipur . Jai Singh hastened south with his forces, and they met in Bhambholao (near Kishangarh ). Their meeting lasted for several days, with talks about chauth and the cession of Malwa from the Mughal Emperor . Bajirao then returned to the Deccan. The emperor did not agree to his demands, however, and he planned to march on Delhi to force him to agree. After
4512-484: The city is the ancient Kalinjar Fort which is located south of Banda and is mentioned in the Mahabharata . There is also a temple on the top of a hill called Khatri Pahar at Shydha, which is located approximately 24 km from the city. The temple is dedicated to goddess Angleshwari (Vindhyavasini). This temple is situated at the middle place of the Banda city. There are many murtis of Devis and Devatas in
4608-551: The city would greatly imperil his position and endanger the lines of communication with the Maratha mainland. He was content with the imperial offer of the Viceroyalty of Malwa. He, therefore, left Delhi with his soldiers towards the south. During his way back he encountered the Mughal Vizier Qamar-ud Din Khan at Badshahpur . After a long and tiring march following a heavy engagement, the Peshwa
4704-609: The city. Bundeli is natively spoken in Banda. The city elects members to the Lok Sabha as well as the Uttar Pradesh Vidhan Sabha (State Assembly). The city is under the jurisdiction of a District Magistrate, who is an IAS officer. The Collectors are in charge of property records and revenue collection for the Central Government, and oversee the national elections held in the city. The Collector
4800-462: The death of Shahu in 1749. During the reign of Shahu, the office of Peshwa grew in power and the Peshwas came to be the de facto rulers of the Maratha Confederacy . However following the defeat of the Marathas in 1761 , the office of the Peshwa became titular as well and from that point onwards served as the ceremonial head of the Confederacy underneath the Chhatrapati. All Peshwas during
4896-500: The death of Trimbak Rao, Bangash's alliance against the Marathas fell apart. The Mughal emperor recalled him from Malwa, and re-appointed Jai Singh II as the governor of Malwa. However, the Maratha chief Holkar defeated Jai Singh in the 1733 Battle of Mandsaur . After two more battles, the Mughals decided to offer the Marathas the right to collect the equivalent of ₹ 22 lakh in chauth from Malwa. On 4 March 1736, Bajirao and Jai Singh reached an agreement at Kishangad . Jai Singh convinced
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#17327730429344992-441: The emperor to agree to the plan, and Bajirao was appointed deputy governor of the region. Jai Singh is believed to have secretly informed Bajirao that it was a good time to subdue the weakening Mughal emperor. Learning of the advancing Maratha army, the Mughal emperor asked Saadat Ali Khan I to march from Agra and check the advance. The Maratha chiefs Malhar Rao Holkar, Vithoji Bule and Pilaji Jadhav crossed Yamuna and plundered
5088-466: The enemy. In his book, A Concise History of Warfare , Montgomery wrote the following about Bajirao's victory at Palkhed: They (Marathas) were at their best in the eighteenth century, and the Palkhed campaign of 1727–28 in which Baji Rao I outgeneralled Nizam-ul-Mulk, is a masterpiece of strategic mobility . Baji Rao's army was a purely mounted force, armed only with sabre, lance, a bow in some units and
5184-534: The entire state under many challenges such as the Mughal influx, the betrayal of Vatandars , and scarcity of food. With his help, Sachiv kept the Maratha State on a sound economic footing. The Maratha war of succession between Tara Bai and Shahu resulted in latter's victory and assumption of Maratha throne as Chhatrapati. In 1713, Shahu appointed Balaji Vishwanath (Bhat) , as Peshwa. The appointment of Balaji's son, Baji Rao I , as Peshwa in 1719 by Shahu made
5280-460: The fort. The Nawab was dismissed from his possessions in Banda, imprisoned and sent to Indore jail. All his Banda dominions were passed to RaiBahadur Manvendrasingh Awasthi, an important minister of Kalinjar bhattshahi. This temple is situated in Gudha kalan and is about 40 km from Banda. A historical temple in Banda city. It is located near Chhoti Bazar. The most famous place to visit from
5376-411: The generals the Peshwa's Government sent against him. At last he was so hotly pursued that, on the advice of Dhondo Gopal, the Peshwa's governor at Nasik , he surrendered all his forts to Tukoji Holkar and, through Holkar 's influence, was pardoned and placed in military and police charge of a district of sixty villages with powers of life and death outlaws. In 1798, a fresh disturbance took place among
5472-536: The help of Kalinjar Bhatts defeated the Bundelas and captured Bhuragarh. He started a series of wars and extended his dominions from Kalpi to Kalinjar. He is called the Conqueror of Bundelkhand and his forces swayed into Orchcha and levied chauth for Peshwas of Pune. His thrust enabled Kalinjar Bhattas to march into Vindhya and defeat Rewa, Maihar, Vijayraghogargh and adjoining states. The Nawab died in 1802 A.D. and
5568-458: The important territory of Malwa after defeating the combined forces of Mughal-Nizam-Nawab of Awadh in Battle of Bhopal (1737) . Bajirao's adventurous life has been picturized in Indian cinema and also featured in novels. Bajirao had two wives Kashibai and Mastani . Bajirao's relationship with his second wife Mastani is a controversial subject; very little is known with certainty about it. She
5664-529: The long-distance services, there are many services to nearby places within the state. There are a number of daily buses to Kanpur , Allahabad , Delhi , Sagar , Lucknow , Jhansi , Khajuraho , in Uttar Pradesh and to many other states. You can also reach Kanpur by road Bara Galauli, Pailani Road. Banda is served by Banda railway station , a Category A station, under the Jhansi railway division of
5760-401: The main towns and fortresses, living off the country, burning and plundering. They met one reverse at the hands of Nizam's able lieutenant, Iwaz Khan, at the beginning of November 1727, but within a month they had fully recovered and were off again, dashing east, north, west, with sudden changes in direction. The Nizam had mobilised his forces, and for a time pursued them, but he was bewildered by
5856-651: The majority of his hard earned land passed to the British. Banda became a gun salute state and started its modern approach under Nawab Zulfikar Bahadur. He established a modern education system and helped to renew the Banda administrations. He stationed the Kalinjar Bhattshahi in front of Banda railway station, Charkhari Battshahi in Choti Bazar and Jhasi Huzur in Bhuragarh fort hence creating Banda
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#17327730429345952-557: The north-east boundary of the district, for 125 miles (201 km) The black soil of the district yields crops of which the principal are millet, other food-grains, pulse, rice, cotton and oil-seeds. Banda cotton enjoys a high repute in the market. A branch railway from Manikpur to Jhansi traverses the length of the district, which is also crossed by the East Indian main line to Jabalpur (earlier Jubbulpore). The BDA (Banda Development Authority) has planned to make one mall in town,
6048-555: The plain of Dabhoi with a force of 40 thousand, while Bajirao's numbers hardly reached 25 thousand in all. Bajirao repeatedly sent messages to Dabhade to solve the dispute amicably in the presence of Shahu. Bajirao resolved the dispute with Sambhaji II on 13 April by signing the Treaty of Warna, which demarcated the territories of Shahu and Sambhaji II. The Nizam met Bajirao at Rohe-Rameshwar on 27 December 1732, and promised not to interfere with Maratha expeditions. Shahu and Bajirao avoided
6144-538: The position hereditary in the Bhat family. Baji Rao proved his loyalty by controlling the feudal chieftains who wanted independence from the Maratha Empire. The rebellion of General Trimbak Rao Dabhade, the senapati (commander in chief), over Chauthai (revenue collection) of Gujarat is one example of such internal Maratha feuds. The followers of Baji and Trimbak clashed at the Battle of Bilhapur on 1 April 1731, and Trimbak
6240-469: The province's Mughal governor, ceded the right to collect chauth to the Marathas. He was soon replaced by Abhay Singh, who also recognized the Maratha right to collect taxes. This irked Shahu's senapati (commander-in-chief), Trimbak Rao Dabhade , whose ancestors had raided Gujarat several times and asserted their right to collect taxes from the province. Annoyed at Bajirao's control of what he considered his family's sphere of influence, he rebelled against
6336-509: The rainy season. The sloping country on the bank of the Yamuna (previously called Jamuna)is full of ravines. To the south-east the Vindhya chain of hills takes its origin in a low range not exceeding 500 feet (150 m) in height, and forming a natural boundary of the district in that direction. The principal river of the district is the Yamuna, which flows from north-west to south-east, along
6432-426: The rule of Shivaji , Sambhaji and Rajaram belonged to Deshastha Brahmin community. The first Peshwa was Moropant Pingle , who was appointed as the head of the Ashta Pradhan (council of eight ministers) by Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha Kingdom. The initial Peshwas were all ministers who served as the chief executives to the king. The later Peshwas held the highest administrative office and also controlled
6528-515: The same sad plight in which the famous elephant was when caught by the crocodile. My valiant race is on point of extinction. Come and save my honour, O Baji Rao. In March 1729, the Peshwa responded to Chhatrasal's request and marched towards Bundelkhand with 25,000 horsemen and his lieutenants Pilaji Jadhav, Tukoji Pawar, Naro Shankar , and Davalji Somwanshi. Bangash was later forced to leave, signing an agreement that "he would never attack Bundelkhand again". Chhatrasal's position as ruler of Bundelkhand
6624-518: The situation with aggressive expansion into North India . Bajirao compared the Mughals' declining fortune to a tree which, if attacked at its roots, would collapse. He is reported to have said: Let us strike at the trunk of the withering tree and the branches will fall off themselves. Listen but to my counsel and I shall plant the Maratha flag on the walls of Attock . As a new Peshwa, however, he faced several challenges. Bajirao promoted young men like himself, such as Malhar Rao Holkar , Ranoji Shinde ,
6720-410: The swift unpredictable movements of Marathas, and his men became exhausted. Bajirao is considered one of celebrated personality in the history of Maratha Empire by many historians. In his introduction to Bajirao I: The Great Peshwa , K. M. Panikkar wrote: Baji Rao, the great Peshwa, was without doubt the most outstanding statesman and general India produced in [the] 18th century. If Shivaji Maharaj
6816-427: The temple. Nawab Tank, which was built to fulfill the water needs in Banda, is situated about 3 km south of Banda. This tank was built by the Nawab of Banda, and therefore it is known as the Nawab Tank. This temple is situated in Kachehari Road. St. George's Church, also known as the Yellow Church, established in 1835 AD, is the oldest church of Banda. Some records have been found that proved that Christianity
6912-499: The titular Raja of Satara , were called Swami ( Marathi for the 'real owner') by the Peshwas who reported to them, and officially they were to seek guidance from the Raja. However, the Peshwa also became a ceremonial head of state after the battle of Panipat and the death of Madhavrao . The first Peshwa to receive the status of a pantpradhan was Ramchandra Pant Amatya Bawdekar in 1689 by Rajaram. The first (Bhat) Deshmukh family Peshwa
7008-618: The uprising, the Sayyid brothers sought assistance from the Marathas. However, in the Battle of Balapur , where Bajirao, Malhar Rao Holkar, and Khanderao Dabhade were present, the combined forces of the Sayyid Brothers and the Marathas were defeated by the Nizam's forces. Sankarji Malhar was captured as a prisoner of war, marking Bajirao's first significant military engagement as Peshwa. On 4 January 1721, Bajirao met Nizam of Hyderabad at Chikhalthana to resolve their disputes. However,
7104-457: Was 111,432, which constituted 72.16% of the population with male literacy of 77.4% and female literacy of 66.2%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Banda was 82.1%, of which male literacy rate was 87.9% and female literacy rate was 75.4%. The sex ratio is 881. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes had a population of 18,539 and 17 respectively. There were 27,987 households as of 2011. Hindi and Urdu are official languages of
7200-407: Was 22,565. It was formerly, but is no longer, a military cantonment. Banda, which forms one of the districts included under the general name of Bundelkhand, has formed an arena of contention for the successive races who have struggled for the sovereignty of India. Shamsher Bahadur I (Krishna Rao) was a Maratha ruler of the dominion of Banda . He was the son of Bajirao I and Mastani . He
7296-501: Was Balaji Vishwanath (Bhat) Deshmukh. He was succeeded as Peshwa by his son Baji Rao I , who never lost a battle. Baji Rao and his son, Balaji Baji Rao, oversaw the period of greatest Maratha expansion, brought to an end by the Marathas' defeat by an Afghan army at the Third Battle of Panipat in 1761. The last Peshwa, Baji Rao II , was defeated by the British East India Company in the Battle of Khadki which
7392-459: Was a part of Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817–1818). The Peshwa's land (Peshwai) was annexed to the British East India Company 's Bombay province , and Bajirao II, the Peshwa was pensioned off. Banda, Uttar Pradesh Banda is a city and a municipal board in Banda district in the state of Uttar Pradesh , India . Banda is divided among north, east, west and south Banda. Banda lies south of
7488-460: Was bestowed upon a portion of his father's dominion of Banda and Kalpi . In 1761, he and his army contingent were involved (fought alongside the Peshwa) in the Third Battle of Panipat between the Marathas and Afghans. He was wounded in that battle and died a few days later at Deeg. Shamsher's successor Ali Bahadur (Krishna Singh) established his authority over large parts of Bundelkhand and became
7584-590: Was diverted after Peshwa's rival, Pant Pratinidhi, occupied Raigad Fort (near Janjira) in June 1733. Sekhoji Angre died in August (further weakening the Maratha position), and Bajirao signed a peace treaty with the Siddis. He allowed the Siddis to retain control of Janjira if they accepted Abdul Rehman as the ruler; they were also allowed to retain control of Anjanvel , Gowalkot and Underi . The Marathas retained Raigad, Rewas , Thal and Chaul . The Siddis launched an offensive to regain their lost territories soon after
7680-672: Was established to fulfil the spiritual needs of British and Indian Anglican Christians of town. St. Paul's Church is an important heritage for the district Banda, as it has seen growth of Banda from the colonial British cantonment to a developing city. The church is currently under the control of CNI diocese of Lucknow . The available multiple modes of public transport in the city are taxis, cycle rickshaws, auto rickshaws. National Highway 76 (India) passes through Banda which connects it to Jhansi and Allahabad . State Highway 92, connects banda to Fatehpur . state highway 76 connects to allahabad . National Highway 86 connects to Kanpur . Apart from
7776-521: Was generally referenced cryptically in books, letters or documents from that era. Bajirao was born into the Bhat family in Sinnar , near Nashik . His father Balaji Vishwanath was the Peshwa of Shahu I and his mother was Radhabai Barve. Bajirao had a younger brother, Chimaji Appa , and two younger sisters, Anubai and Bhiubai. Anubai was married to Venkatrao Ghorpade (Joshi) of Ichalkaranji and Bhiubai
7872-530: Was going to Delhi to repair his relationship with the Mughal emperor. The Nizam was joined by other Mughal chiefs, and a 30,000-man Mughal army (reinforced by artillery), was dispatched against Bajirao. The Peshwa assembled an 80,000-man force. To counter aid to the Nizam from the Deccan, Bajirao stationed a force of 10,000 (under Chimaji Appa) on the Tapti River with instructions to prevent Nasir Jung from advancing beyond Burhanpur . He and his forces crossed
7968-429: Was healthy and happy. They had four sons: Balaji Bajirao (also called Nanasaheb), Ramachandra Rao, Raghunath Rao and Janardhan Rao, who died at an early age. Nanasaheb was appointed Peshwa by Shahu in 1740, succeeding his father. Bajirao took Mastani as his wife, the daughter of Rajput king Chhatrasal , born from his Muslim concubine. The relationship was a political one, arranged to please Chhatrasal. Mastani had
8064-564: Was in Banda before 1809 AD. Yellow Church was built by Church of England in India for regular prayers of Anglo-Catholic (Anglican) Englishmen and their families living in Banda during British period. Earlier, the church was under the Diocese of Calcutta , but after 1893 a new Diocese of Lucknow was carved out from the Calcutta diocese. The church is dedicated to the British patron saint George
8160-434: Was in no mood to attack the Vazir. Neither could the Vazir array his forces for battle, as his artillery and a part of his men were yet on the road. There was a brush between the two forces in the failing light of the day; one elephant and a few horses were seized by the Marathas with the loss of 30 men at their side. Afterwards, they moved another eight miles before encamping for the night. Finding himself heavily outnumbered to
8256-801: Was inherited from the political vocabulary of previous Persianate empires operating in the Deccan. As early as 1397, the Bahmani Sultanate designated its prime minister as "peshwa". In the 16th and 17th centuries, this practice was continued by the Ahmednagar Sultanate and the Bijapur Sultanate , both successor states of the Bahmani Sultanate. After the coronation of Shivaji in 1674, he appointed Moropant Trimbak Pingle as his first Peshwa. Shivaji renamed this designation as Pantpradhan in 1674 but this term
8352-418: Was killed. In gratitude, Shahu gave the Peshwas and the Bhat family unchallenged control over Maratha empire. who also appointed Baji Rao's son as Peshwa in 1740, gave considerable authority to the Peshwas to command the Maratha armies, and they responded well during his reigns. At the time of his death in 1749, Shahu made the Peshwas his successors under these conditions: Shivaji's descendants, who remained as
8448-423: Was known for rapid tactical movements in battle, using cavalry inherited from Maratha generals such as Santaji Ghorpade and Dhanaji Jadhav . British field marshal Bernard Montgomery studied Bajirao's tactics in the Palkhed campaign, particularly his rapid movements and his troops' ability to live off the land (with little concern about supply and communication lines) while conducting " maneuver warfare " against
8544-517: Was less commonly used. Moropant Trimbak Pingale's son, Nilopant Moreshvar Pingale , succeeded him during Sambhaji 's rule after Moropant Pingle's death in 1683. Ramchandra Amatya recaptured many forts from the Mughals between 1690 and 1694, some in person, as well as personally conducting guerilla war techniques. When Rajaram I fled to Jinji in 1689, before leaving Maharashtra, he gave "Hukumat panha" (King Status) to Pant. Ramchandra Pant managed
8640-412: Was married to Abaji Naik Joshi of Baramati . Being born in a Brahmin family, his education included reading, writing and learning Sanskrit however, he did not remain confined to his books. Bajirao displayed a passion for the military at an early age and often accompanied his father on military campaigns. He was with his father when his father was imprisoned by Damaji Thorat before being released for
8736-581: Was much fiercer than expected and revolutionaries from Allahabad, Kanpur and Bihar joined the Nawab in fighting the British. On 15 June 1857, revolutionaries killed Joint Magistrate Cockrail. On 16 April 1858, Whitluck arrived in Banda and fought against the Maratha army of Banda, supported by Tatya on south and Kalinjar Bhatts from east. About 3000 revolutionaries were killed in the fort during this war. Nuts (people who perform acrobatic feats) from Sarbai sacrificed their lives in this war. Their graves are found inside
8832-627: Was restored. He granted a large jagir to Bajirao, and gave him his daughter Mastani. Before Chhatrasal's death in December 1731, he ceded one-third of his territories to the Marathas. The Luso–Maratha War of 1729–1732 was an armed conflict between the Portuguese Empire and the Maratha Confederacy, who invaded Portuguese territory in India. This conflict resulted in a Portuguese victory. The Marathas withdrew from Portuguese territory. Nevertheless, Bajirao planned to resume hostilities against
8928-489: Was signed between Bajirao and Nasir. According to which, Marathas were deprived of their authority to collect chauth from the six provinces of Deccan, Bajirao promised to not invade the Deccan again. Khargone and Handia , previously promised by the Nizam, were formally ceded to the Maratha Empire. This marked the final military engagement for Bajirao, as he died in April 1740 following the conclusion of this conflict. Bajirao
9024-445: Was supported by Chandrasen Jadhav, who had fought Bajirao's father a decade earlier. Bajirao convinced Shahu to refuse the Nizam's offer and instead launch an assault. The Nizam invaded Pune , where he installed Sambhaji II as the King. He then marched out of the city, leaving behind a contingent headed by Fazal Beg. The Nizam plundered Loni , Pargaon , Patas, Supa and Baramati , using his artillery. On 27 August 1727, Bajirao began
9120-550: Was the founder of Maratha State, Baji Rao could claim that he was the one who saved it from disruption and transformed what was national state in[to] an Empire. Peshwa The Peshwa was the second highest office in the Maratha Confederacy , next in rank and prestige only to that of the Chhatrapati . Initially serving as the appointed prime minister in the Maratha Kingdom , the office became hereditary after
9216-582: Was the rightful heir to the Maratha throne. The Marathas needed to assert their rights over the nobles of newly acquired territories in Malwa and Gujarat . Several nominally-Maratha areas were not actually under the Peshwa's control; for example, the Siddis controlled the Janjira fort. At the outset of Bajirao's Peshwa rule, the Mughal leaders, led by Nizam-ul-Mulk, rebelled against the Sayyid Brothers. To quell
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