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136-736: The Maria Clara Awards is the first formal film industry award-giving body of the Philippines . It was established in 1950 by a group of writers from the Manila Times Publishing, Co. , which included National Artist Dr. Alejandro Roces , regarded as the Father of the Maria Clara Awards. It was the initial answer of the Philippines to Hollywood 's Academy Awards , an institution for recognizing talents in

272-550: A Lu Xun story) and Shui Hua 's The Lin Family Shop (1959, adapted from a Mao Dun story). The most prominent filmmaker of this era was Xie Jin , whose three films in particular, Woman Basketball Player No. 5 (1957), The Red Detachment of Women (1961), and Two Stage Sisters (1964), exemplify China's increased expertise in filmmaking. Films made during this period are polished, exhibiting high production value and elaborate sets. While Beijing and Shanghai remained

408-641: A family of silk farmers in Spring Silkworms and a prostitute in The Goddess . In part due to the success of these kinds of films, this post-1930 era is now often referred to as the first "golden period" of Chinese cinema. The Leftist cinematic movement often revolved around the Western-influenced Shanghai, where filmmakers portrayed the struggling lower class of an overpopulated city. Three production companies dominated

544-515: A film until mobile projectionists brought them. Mobile projection teams during the Mao era typically included three to four workers who physically transported film infrastructure through a large geographic area mostly not covered by any electrical grid. Yuan Muzhi was important in developing the Communist government's theories and practices of rural film exhibition. Yuan and Chen Bo'er transformed

680-425: A folk song and directed by Vladimir Romashkov . Among the notable Russian filmmakers of the era were Aleksandr Khanzhonkov and Ivan Mozzhukhin , who made Defence of Sevastopol in 1912. Yakov Protazanov made Departure of a Grand Old Man (1912), a biographical film about Lev Tolstoy . Animation pioneer Ladislas Starevich made the first Russian animated film (and the first stop motion puppet film with

816-759: A genre of redemptive melodramas, which sought to encourage audiences to "speak bitterness". After the United Kingdom and the PRC established diplomatic relations, cultural exchanges between the two countries gradually resumed, including British moves being made available in China. The thawing of censorship in 1956–57 (known as the Hundred Flowers Campaign ) and in the early 1960s led to more indigenous Chinese films being made, which were less reliant on their Soviet counterparts. During this campaign

952-741: A minority watched in theaters. Work as a mobile projectionist was physically and technically demanding. As a result, women projectionists and all-women mobile projection teams were promoted in Chinese media as examples of advancing gender equality under socialism. In the 1950s and the 1960s, the Communist Party built cinemas (among other cultural buildings) in industrial districts on urban peripheries. These structures were influenced by Soviet architecture and were intended to be vivacious but not "palatial." Rural mobile projectionist teams and urban movie theaters were generally managed through

1088-768: A motion picture in China took place in Shanghai on 11 August 1896 as an "act" on a variety bill. The first Chinese film, a recording of the Peking opera , Dingjun Mountain , was made in November 1905 in Beijing . For the next decade the production companies were mainly foreign-owned, and the domestic film industry was centered on Shanghai, a thriving entrepot and the largest city in the Far East . Chinese-made short melodrama and comedy films began emerging in 1913. In 1913,

1224-538: A movie based on a popular musical play, was the first movie made and shown by Filipino filmmaker José Nepomuceno . Dubbed the "Father of Philippine Cinema," his work marked the start of cinema as an art form in the Philippines. The cinema of Bangladesh is the Bengali language film industry based in Dhaka , Bangladesh . The industry often has been a significant film industry since the early 1970s. The word "Dhollywood"

1360-681: A revival of the Pakistan Film Industry in the early 2010s. Karachi , now the biggest production center of the Film Industry in Pakistan produces Urdu, English, and Sindhi language Pakistani movies. Lahore is the second big film producer now (mostly Punjabi movies) followed by Peshawar where mostly Pashto films are produced. Films are also being produced on a very small scale from Islamabad (Urdu and English movies) and Quetta (Balochi movies). Pakistani films are gaining market in

1496-548: A significant film industry for over a century. While film production reached an all-time high in 1936, the "golden age" of British cinema is usually thought to have occurred in the 1940s, during which the directors David Lean , Michael Powell , (with Emeric Pressburger ) and Carol Reed produced their most highly acclaimed work. Many British actors have achieved worldwide fame and critical success, such as Maggie Smith , Roger Moore , Michael Caine , Sean Connery , Daniel Day-Lewis , Gary Oldman , and Kate Winslet . Some of

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1632-450: A story) in 1910 – Lucanus Cervus . His other stop-motion shorts The Beautiful Leukanida (1912) and The Cameraman's Revenge (1912), produced for Aleksandr Khanzhonkov, are also among the first animated films. In the following years, Starevich made shorts based on fables such as The Grasshopper and the Ant (1913), as well as World War I propaganda films. . The United Kingdom has had

1768-517: A typical example of their success in the Chinese communities of Southeast Asia. In 1931, the first Chinese sound film Sing-Song Girl Red Peony was made, the product of a cooperation between the Mingxing Film Company's image production and Pathé Frères 's sound technology. However, the sound was disc-recorded , which was then played in the theater in-sync with the action on the screen. The first sound-on-film talkie made in China

1904-711: A variety of folk arts , such as papercuts , shadow plays , puppetry , and traditional paintings , also were very popular for entertaining and educating children. The most famous of these, the classic Havoc in Heaven (two parts, 1961, 4), was made by Wan Laiming of the Wan Brothers and won the Outstanding Film award at the London International Film Festival . Films such as The White-Haired Girl and Serf were part of

2040-475: Is Long Live the Missus (1947), like Love Everlasting with an original screenplay by writer Eileen Chang . Wenhua's romantic drama, Spring in a Small Town (1948), directed by Fei Mu shortly prior to the revolution, is often regarded by Chinese film critics as one of the most important films in the history of Chinese cinema, in 2005, Hong Kong film awards it as the best 100 years of film. Ironically, it

2176-484: Is a Singapore -based company (close to Batam Island) which is owned by a consortium with 90 percent of it held by Indonesian businessman and film producer, Mike Wiluan. In 2010–2011, due to the substantial increase in value-added tax applied to foreign films, cinemas no longer had access to many foreign films, including Oscar-winning films. Foreign films include major box offices from the West and other major film producers of

2312-468: Is a portmanteau of the words Dhaka and Hollywood . The dominant style of Bangladeshi cinema is Melodramatic cinema , which developed from 1947 to 1990 and characterizes most films to this day. Cinema was introduced in Bangladesh in 1898 by Bradford Bioscope Company, credited with having arranged the first film release in Bangladesh. Between 1913 and 1914, the first production company named Picture House

2448-537: Is almost as long as the history of cinematography , and it has universally recognized achievements, even though Polish films tend to be less commercially available than films from several other European nations. After World War II , the communist government built an auteur -based national cinema, trained hundreds of new directors, and empowered them to make films. Filmmakers like Roman Polański , Krzysztof Kieślowski , Agnieszka Holland , Andrzej Wajda , Andrzej Żuławski , Andrzej Munk , and Jerzy Skolimowski impacted

2584-619: Is largely due to the commercial strength of domestic productions, which accounted for 44,5% of admissions in 2014 (35.5% in 2015; and 35.3% in 2016). In the mid-2000s, the French film industry was described as being "closer to being entirely self-sufficient than any other country in Europe, recovering around 80–90% of their budget in revenues generated from the domestic market". In 2018, French films had an international box office of €237m with 40 million admissions (down 52% from 2017), with Italy being

2720-562: Is mostly concentrated in Mumbai (Bombay), and it is commonly referred to as Bollywood , a portmanteau of Bombay and Hollywood. Telugu cinema is primarily concentrated in Hyderabad and is commonly referred to as Tollywood . The Tamil film industry i.e. Kollywood is mostly concentrated in Chennai . Besides the mainstream commercial movies, India also offers a different approach to cinema:

2856-484: Is mostly themed on romance, family drama, and action while Pashto cinema revolves around action and tribal feuds. Major Film Awards include Lux Style Awards , ARY Film Awards, Nigar Awards and National Film Awards. The cinema of Malaysia consists of feature films produced in Malaysia, shot in the languages English , Tamil , Malay , Mandarin and Cantonese . Chinese cinema The cinema of China

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2992-598: Is the filmmaking and film industry of the Chinese mainland under the People's Republic of China , one of three distinct historical threads of Chinese-language cinema together with the cinema of Hong Kong and the cinema of Taiwan . China is the home of the largest movie and drama production complex and film studios in the world, the Oriental Movie Metropolis and Hengdian World Studios . In 2012

3128-782: Is the main annual national film award in Russia. The first films seen in the Russian Empire were brought in by the Lumière brothers , who exhibited films in Moscow and St. Petersburg in May 1896. That same month, Lumière cameraman Camille Cerf made the first film in Russia, recording the coronation of Nicholas II at the Kremlin . Aleksandr Drankov produced the first Russian narrative film Stenka Razin (1908), based on events told in

3264-662: The American Film Institute , LA Film School , and NYFA being established in the area. However, four of the six major film studios are owned by East Coast companies. The major film studios of Hollywood including Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , 20th Century Fox , and Paramount Pictures are the primary source of the most commercially successful movies in the world , including movies such as The Sound of Music (1965), Star Wars (1977), Titanic (1997), and Avatar (2009). American film studios today collectively generate several hundred films every year, making

3400-749: The Battle of Shanghai , ended this golden run in Chinese cinema. All production companies except Xinhua Film Company ("New China") closed shop. A large number filmmakers left to join the War of Resistance, with many going to the Nationalist-controlled hinterlands to join the Nationalist film studios Central Motion Picture Studio or China Motion Picture Studio. A smaller number went to Yan'an or Hong Kong. The Shanghai film industry, though severely curtailed, did not stop however, thus leading to

3536-702: The Egyptian Arabic dialect. Since 1976, Cairo has held the annual Cairo International Film Festival (CIFF), which is accredited by the International Federation of Film Producers Association. In 1996, the Egyptian Media Production City (EMPC) was inaugurated in 6th of October City south of Cairo, although by 2001, only one of the 29 planned studios was operational. Censorship, formerly an obstacle to freedom of expression, has decreased remarkably by 2012, when

3672-473: The Filipino movie industry . After World War II ended, the two pre-war movie studios, LVN and Sampaguita Pictures , resumed their movie production and were later joined by two other movie studios , Premiere Productions and Lebran International, to form the "Big Four" studios who held the brightest stars and top artisans of Philippine movies in the 1950s and 1960s. The first formal Filipino answer to

3808-744: The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere -promoting Eternity (1943) were produced. During the 1930 and 1940s, both the Chinese Nationalist government and the Japanese occupation authorities sent mobile projectionist units into areas under their control to show propaganda films. In the Yan'an Soviet during September 1938, the Eighth Route Army established its first film group. In 1943,

3944-613: The Manchukuo Film Association (Man-ei) . Man-ei had state-of-the-art film production equipment and supplies. The former colonial studio was relocated to Hegang , where it was established as Northeastern Film Studio , the communist party's first full-capacity film studio. Yuan Muzhi was its director and Chen Bo'er was its party secretary. Northeastern Film Studio began production in early 1947, focusing on news and documentary films, as well as some fiction, educational film for children, and animation. During

4080-579: The Ministry of Culture held a meeting to introduce a Great Leap Forward in cinema. During the Great Leap Forward, the film industry rapidly expanded, with documentary films being the genre that experienced the greatest growth. Trends in documentary film included "artistic documentaries," in which actors and non-actors reenacted events. Film venues also expanded rapidly, including both urban cinemas and mobile projection units. As part of

4216-573: The Socialist Education Movement , mobile film projectionist units showed films and slideshows that emphasized class struggle and encouraged audience members to discuss bitter experiences onstage. New films termed "emphasis films" were released to coincide with the campaign, and the film version of The White-Haired Girl was re-released. In 1965, China launched the Resist America, Aid Vietnam campaign in response to

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4352-470: The Soviet socialist realism style of filmmaking. The Beijing Film Academy was established in 1950 and officially opened in 1956. One important film of this era is This Life of Mine (1950), directed by Shi Hu, which follows an old beggar reflecting on his past life as a policeman working for the various regimes since 1911. The first widescreen Chinese film was produced in 1960. Animated films using

4488-485: The U.S. bombing of North Vietnam . To promote campaign themes denouncing U.S. imperialism and promoted Vietnamese resistance, the communist party used film exhibitions and other cultural media. During the Cultural Revolution, the film industry was severely restricted. Almost all previous films were banned, and only a few new ones were produced, the revolutionary model operas . The most notable of these

4624-654: The greatest foreign-language film of all time in BBC 's 2018 poll of 209 critics in 43 countries. Japan has won the Academy Award for the Best Foreign Language Film four times ( Rashomon , Gate of Hell , Samurai I: Musashi Miyamoto , and Departures ), more than any other Asian country. . A limited number of silent films were made in Egypt beginning in 1896; 1927's Laila was notable as

4760-514: The parallel cinema . The parallel cinema movement originated in West Bengal around the 1950s. The movement was initially led by Bengali cinema . It later gained prominence in other film industries in India. Parallel cinema is a blanket term designated to a certain type of films that stray away from the conventions of popular mainstream cinema. Parallel cinema has assumed various forms throughout

4896-532: The visual effects supervisor , have worked on the films The Dark Knight (2008) and Gravity (2013), with new techniques involved in Gravity taking three years to complete. France is the birthplace of cinema and was responsible for many of its significant contributions to the art form and the film-making process itself. Several important cinematic movements, including the Nouvelle Vague , began in

5032-456: The " Solitary Island " period (also known as the "Sole Island" or "Orphan Island"), with Shanghai's foreign concessions serving as an "island" of production in the "sea" of Japanese-occupied territory. It was during this period that artists and directors who remained in the city had to walk a fine line between staying true to their leftist and nationalist beliefs and Japanese pressures. Director Bu Wancang 's Hua Mu Lan , also known as Mulan Joins

5168-806: The 17 years between the founding of the People's Republic of China and the Cultural Revolution , 603 feature films and 8,342 reels of documentaries and newsreels were produced, sponsored mostly as Communist propaganda by the government. For example, in Guerrilla on the Railroad (铁道游击队), dated 1956, the Chinese Communist Party was depicted as the primary resistance force against the Second Sino-Japanese War. Chinese filmmakers were sent to Moscow to study

5304-486: The 1920s and 1930s, filmmaking in China was largely done by film studios and there was comparatively little small scale filmmaking. Upscale movie theaters in China had and contracts which required them to exclusively show Hollywood films, and thus as of the later 1920s, Hollywood films accounted for 90% of screen time in Chinese theaters. After trial and error, China was able to draw inspiration from its own traditional values and began producing martial arts films, with

5440-555: The 1920s. During the 1920s film technicians from the United States trained Chinese technicians in Shanghai, and American influence continued to be felt there for the next two decades. Since film was still in its earliest stages of development, most Chinese silent films at this time were only comic skits or operatic shorts, and training was minimal at a technical aspect due to this being a period of experimental film. Throughout

5576-430: The 1950s, most rural people had not seen a film. The number of movie-viewers hence increased sharply, partly bolstered by the fact that film tickets were given out to work units and attendance was compulsory, with admissions rising from 47 million in 1949 to 4.15 billion in 1959. By 1965 there were around 20,393 mobile film units. During the course of the Mao era, the majority of films were shown by such units, with only

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5712-529: The Army (1939), with its story of a young Chinese peasant fighting against a foreign invasion, was a particularly good example of Shanghai's continued film-production in the midst of war. This period ended when Japan declared war on the Western allies on 7 December 1941; the solitary island was finally engulfed by the sea of the Japanese occupation. With the Shanghai industry firmly in Japanese control, films like

5848-540: The Chinese film industry and resulted in the loss of many early films. The first truly important Chinese films were produced beginning in the 1930s with the advent of the "progressive" or "left-wing" movement, like Cheng Bugao 's Spring Silkworms (1933), Wu Yonggang 's The Goddess (1934), and Sun Yu 's The Great Road , also known as The Big Road (1934). These films were noted for their emphasis on class struggle and external threats (i.e. Japanese aggression), as well as on their focus on common people, such as

5984-540: The Cultural Revolution period. Feature film production came almost to a standstill in the early years from 1967 to 1972. Movie production revived after 1972 under the strict jurisdiction of the Gang of Four until 1976, when they were overthrown. The few films that were produced during this period, such as 1975's Breaking with Old Ideas , were highly regulated in terms of plot and characterization. In 1972, Chinese officials invited Michelangelo Antonioni to China to film

6120-469: The Egyptian cinema had begun to tackle boldly issues ranging from sexual issues to heavy government criticism. The 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s are generally considered the golden age of Egyptian cinema. As in the West, films responded to the popular imagination, with most falling into predictable genres (happy endings being the norm), and many actors making careers out of playing strongly typed parts. In

6256-507: The Lianhua name as the "Lianhua Film Society with Shi Dongshan, Meng Junmou, and Zheng Junli." This in turn became Kunlun Studios , which would go on to become one of the most important studios of the era (Kunlun Studios merged with seven other studios to form Shanghai film studio in 1949), putting out the classics The Spring River Flows East (1947), Myriad of Lights (1948), Crows and Sparrows (1949), and Wanderings of Three-Hairs

6392-532: The Maria Clara Awards on October 13, 2006, as a temporary replacement for the FAMAS Awards until the issues on leadership and with the SEC can be settled. The Maria Clara Awards held in 2006 was numbered 55th to correspond with the two Maria Clara Awards presentations in 1951 and 1952 and fifty-three FAMAS Awards presentations from 1953-2005. The 55th Maria Clara Awards, the first Maria Clara Awards in 54 years (and

6528-607: The Maria Claras were voted on mostly by movie columnists), a group of movie writers, Atty. Flavio G. Macaso (who became the first president of FAMAS), future FAMAS president Vic Generoso, future FAMAS winner Mario Mijares Lopez, Paulo Dizon, Amado Yasoma and Eddie Infante established what would become as the second oldest film industry award-giving body in Asia, the Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences or FAMAS. With

6664-507: The Middle East .: The Turkish film market stands out in the pan-European landscape as the only market where national films regularly outperform US films. In 2013, it had 1.2 million number of admissions and 87 feature films were released. Between 2004 and 2014, the estimated 12.9 million admissions generated on non-national European markets only accounted for 7% of total admissions to Turkish films in Europe (including Turkey). This

6800-482: The National People's Congress Standing Committee. Motion pictures were introduced to China in 1896. They were introduced through foreign film exhibitors in treaty ports like Shanghai and Hong Kong. China was one of the earliest countries to be exposed to the medium of film, due to Louis Lumière sending his cameraman to Shanghai a year after inventing cinematography . The first recorded screening of

6936-480: The Orphan , also known as San Mao, The Little Vagabond (1949). Many of these films showed the disillusionment with the oppressive rule of Chiang Kai-shek 's Nationalist Party and the struggling oppression of nation by war. The Spring River Flows East , a three-hour-long two-parter directed by Cai Chusheng and Zheng Junli , was a particularly strong success. Its depiction of the struggles of ordinary Chinese during

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7072-429: The Oscars was formed by Manila Times Publishing, Co. To make a statuette which would be given out to the best of the best, National Artist Guillermo Tolentino was asked to sculpt the bronze Maria Clara Award, which bore the likeness of Maria Clara , one of the characters in Jose Rizal 's Noli Me Tangere . Due to various reactions about the voting procedures of the Maria Claras (various factions have pointed out that

7208-546: The Oscars' for the best documentary film, these are, Saving Face (2012) and A Girl in the River (2016). Pakistani movies especially Urdu movies revolve around family drama, romance, love stories, comedy, thriller, social matters, and political issues. In the contemporary era some Pakistani films have gained international acclaim, these include, Khuda Kay Liye (In the name of God), Bol , Verna, Zinda Bhaag, Load-Wedding, Wrong No. , Cake, Teefa in Trouble , Lal Kabootar, Mah-e-Meer, Moor, The Legend of Maula Jatt . Punjabi cinema

7344-609: The PRC's cultural bureaucracy. Trade Unions and PLA propaganda departments also operated film exhibition networks. In 1950s China, a common view of film was that it served as "socialist distance horizon education". For example, films promoted rural collectivization . Cinema also sought to develop the proletarian class consciousness of rural workers, encouraging the industrialization and militarization of their labor. Film projection teams operating in rural China were asked to incorporate lantern slides into their work to introduce national policies and political campaigns. In

7480-409: The Rings movie, plus the Tim Burton version of Alice in Wonderland (2010), and more than half of the top twenty most financially successful films had a substantial British dimension. British influence can also be seen with the 'English Cycle' of Disney animated films, which include Alice in Wonderland (1951), Peter Pan (1953), One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961), The Sword in

7616-552: The Russian language. The popular term Mollywood is a portmanteau of " Moscow " and " Hollywood ". It began in the Russian Empire , widely developed in the Soviet Union , and the years following its dissolution . The Russian film industry would remain internationally recognized. In the 21st century, Russian cinema has become known internationally with films such as Hardcore Henry (2015), Leviathan (2014), Night Watch (2004) and Brother (1997). The Moscow International Film Festival began in Moscow during 1935. The Nika Award

7752-625: The Second Sino-Japanese war, replete with biting social and political commentary, struck a chord with audiences of the time. Meanwhile, companies like the Wenhua Film Company ("Culture Films"), moved away from the leftist tradition and explored the evolution and development of other dramatic genres. Wenhua treated postwar problems in universalistic and humanistic ways, avoiding the family narrative and melodramatic formulae. Excellent examples of Wenhua's fare are its first two postwar features, Love Everlasting ( Bu liaoqing , 1947) and Fake Bride, Phony Bridegroom (1947). Another memorable Wenhua film

7888-421: The Small Town to find a new and admiring audience and to influence an entire new generation of filmmakers. Indeed, an acclaimed remake was made in 2002 by Tian Zhuangzhuang . A Chinese Peking opera film, A Wedding in the Dream (1948), by the same director (Fei Mu), was the first Chinese color film . At the founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949, there were fewer than 600 movie theaters in

8024-412: The Stone (1963), and The Jungle Book (1967). Disney first became interested in live-action films as a means of using financial reserves which had built up in Britain, and could not be repatriated owing to exchange controls, by making two films from Scottish and English sources. These were Treasure Island (1950) and The Story of Robin Hood and His Merrie Men (1952), which were both successes at

8160-483: The U.S. and Canada with US$ 11.4 billion , and Europe, the Middle East and North Africa with US$ 10.3 billion . As of 2019 , the largest markets by box office were, in decreasing order, the United States, China , Japan , South Korea , the United Kingdom , France , and India . As of 2019 , the countries with the largest number of film productions were India , and the United States. In Europe, significant centers of movie production are France, Germany, Spain, Italy, and

8296-424: The United Kingdom. The cinema of China is one of three distinct historical threads of Chinese-language cinema together with the cinema of Hong Kong and the cinema of Taiwan . Cinema was introduced in China in 1896 and the first Chinese film, Dingjun Mountain , was made in 1905, with the film industry being centered on Shanghai in the first decades. China is the home of one of the largest film studios in

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8432-464: The United States one of the most prolific producers of films in the world. And while Sony Pictures Entertainment is headquartered in Culver City, California, its parent company, the Sony Corporation , is headquartered in Tokyo , Japan. Most shooting now takes place in California , New York , Louisiana , Georgia and North Carolina . New Mexico , especially in the Albuquerque and Santa Fe areas, had been an increasingly popular state for filming;

8568-448: The West. Chinese cinema grew significantly in the late 1970s. In 1979, annual box office admissions reached a peak of 29.3 billion tickets sold, equivalent to an average of 30 films per person. Chinese cinema continued to prosper into the early 1980s. In 1980, annual box office admissions stood at 23.4 billion tickets sold, equivalent to an average of 29 films per person. In terms of box office admissions , this period represented

8704-452: The achievements of the Cultural Revolution. Antonioni made the documentary Chung Kuo, Cina . When it was released in 1974, Communist Party leadership in China interpreted the film as reactionary and anti-Chinese. Viewing art through the principles of the Yan'an Talks , particularly the concept that there is no such thing as art-for-art's-sake, party leadership construed Antonioni's aesthetic choices as politically motivated and banned

8840-400: The awards due to short notice (invitations were handed out three days before the awards). The following are incomplete lists of winners on the first two Maria Clara Awards, the forerunner of FAMAS Awards, and the 2006 Awards: Film industry In 2019, the global box office was worth $ 42.2 billion . When including box office and home entertainment revenue, the global film industry

8976-426: The box office with just over EUR 200 million as Europe's eight largest box office market ahead of Sweden and Switzerland with a clear gap to the top 6 markets all of which registered GBO between EUR 504 million (Spain) up to over EUR 1 billion in France, the UK , Germany and the Russian Federation . Cinema going is comparatively cheap in Turkey. In 2013 a cinema ticket cost an average of EUR 4.0 in Turkey, and this

9112-514: The box office. The studio continued to draw on British source material for its animated films after Walt Disney died in 1967, with the cartoon feature films Robin Hood (1973), The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh and The Rescuers (both 1977), one of many Disney to draw on A. A. Milne 's characters. In the 1970s and 1980s, British studios established a reputation for great special effects in films such as Superman (1978), Alien (1979), and Batman (1989). Some of this reputation

9248-423: The communists released their first campaign film, Nanniwan , which sought to develop relationships between the communist army and local people in the Yan'an area by showcasing the army's production campaign to alleviate material shortages. Following Japan's unconditional surrender in August 1945, the Soviet Red Army helped the Chinese communists to take over the Japanese colonial film establishment in Manchuria,

9384-416: The complexity of Polish history during World War II and German occupation. Among the most important topics were the generation of former Home Army soldiers and their role in post-war Poland and the national tragedies like the German concentration camps and the Warsaw Uprising . The political changes allowed the group to speak more openly about the recent history of Poland. However, the rule of censorship

9520-441: The country became the second-largest market in the world by box office receipts. In 2016, the gross box office in China was CN¥45.71 billion ( US$ 6.58 billion ). China has also become a major hub of business for Hollywood studios. In November 2016, China passed a film law banning content deemed harmful to the "dignity, honor and interests" of the People's Republic and encouraging the promotion of "socialist core values", approved by

9656-422: The country traveled to Nanjing for a training program. These projectionists replicated the training program in their own home provinces to create more projectionists. Nanjing was later termed a "Cradle of People's Cinema." The PRC sought to recruit women and ethnic minority projectionists in an effort to more effectively reach marginalized communities. Until the profusion of mobile projectionist teams in

9792-487: The country. The government saw motion pictures as an important artform and tool for mass propaganda . The Soviet-led collaborations Victory of the Chinese People (1950) and Liberated China (1951) were among the biggest film events in the PRC's early years. Victory of the Chinese People depicted re-enactments of four of the communist party's major military victories and was filmed using real ammunition with

9928-575: The country. It is noted for having a particularly strong film industry, due in part to protections afforded by the French government . French cinema is sometimes intertwined with the cinema of foreign nations. Directors from nations such as Poland ( Roman Polanski , Krzysztof Kieślowski , and Andrzej Żuławski ), Argentina ( Gaspar Noé and Edgardo Cozarinsky ), Russia ( Alexandre Alexeieff , Anatole Litvak ), Austria ( Michael Haneke ), and Georgia ( Géla Babluani , Otar Iosseliani ) are prominent in

10064-601: The creation of FAMAS, the Maria Claras folded up. Maria Clara Award's descendant, the FAMAS Awards , is undergoing a leadership crisis and registration revocation from the Securities and Exchange Commission . The latter did not allow for the FAMAS to hold any of their major functions, which included an awards night. To go around the ruling of the SEC, FAMAS President Jimmy Tiu, with the support of Dr. Alejandro Roces, held

10200-487: The development of Polish film-making. In more recent years, the industry has been producer-led with finance being the key to a film being made, and with many independent filmmakers of all genres, Polish productions tend to be more inspired by American film . The Polish Film School was under the heavy influence of Italian neorealists . It took advantage of the liberal changes in Poland after 1956 Polish October to portray

10336-451: The domestic market but also in the international markets, with Dangal having an overseas gross revenue of $ 260 million, Secret Superstar and Bajrangi Bhaijaan making a gross revenue of $ 80.4 million, and Baahubali: The Beginning and Baahubali 2: The Conclusion (a blockbuster duology from Telugu cinema ) grossing over $ 370 million globally. In India, they have over 400 production houses with 32 corporate houses; also supporting

10472-426: The extremely profitable works of comedian Mohamed Saad , battle to hold audiences either drawn to Western films or, increasingly, wary of the perceived immorality of film. The term cinema of Korea (or Korean cinema) encompasses the motion picture industries of North and South Korea . As with all aspects of Korean life during the past century, the film industry has often been at the mercy of political events, from

10608-643: The feature films shot in Pakistan are in Urdu , the national language, but may also include films in English, the official language, and regional languages such as Punjabi , Pashto , Balochi , and Sindhi . Lahore has been described as the epicenter of Pakistani cinema, giving rise to the term " Lollywood " as a portmanteau of Lahore and Hollywood. Before the separation of Bangladesh, Pakistan had three main film production centers: Lahore , Karachi and Dhaka . The regime of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq , VCRs , film piracy ,

10744-770: The feature was accused of spreading feudal ideas. After the article was revealed to be penned by Mao Zedong , the film was banned, the Film Steering Committee was formed to "re-educate" the film industry, and the private studios were all incorporated into the state-run Shanghai Film Studio . After the establishment of the PRC, China's cultural bureaucracy described American films as screen-opium and began criticizing American film alongside anti-drug campaigns. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) sought to tighten control over mass media, producing instead movies centering on peasants, soldiers, and workers, such as Bridge (1949) and The White-Haired Girl (1950). One of

10880-700: The film. Jiang Qing criticized Premier Zhou Enlai 's role in Antonioni's invitation to China as not only a failure but also treasonous. Since its 2004 release in China, the film has been well-regarded by Chinese audiences, especially for its beautiful depictions of a more simple time. Because China rejection most foreign film importation, comparatively minor cinema like Albanian cinema and North Korean cinema developed mass audiences in China. Through Albanian films screened during this period, many Chinese audience members were introduced to avant-garde and modernist storytelling techniques and aesthetics. In

11016-602: The films with the largest-ever box-office returns have been made in the United Kingdom, including the third- and fourth- highest-grossing film series ( Harry Potter and James Bond ). The first moving picture was shot in Leeds by Louis Le Prince in 1888, and the first moving pictures developed on celluloid film were made in Hyde Park, London , in 1889 by British inventor William Friese Greene , who patented

11152-635: The first digital cinema projection in Europe, with the DLP CINEMA technology developed by Texas Instruments , in Paris. Paris also boasts the Cité du cinéma, a major studio north of the city, and Disney Studio, a theme park devoted to the cinema and the third theme park near the city behind Disneyland and Parc Asterix. In 2015, France saw a record-breaking 300 feature-length films produced. US and UK films only represented 44.9% of total admissions in 2014. This

11288-598: The first moving pictures to the country on August 31, 1897, at the Salón de Pertierra in Manila . The following year, local scenes were shot on film for the first time by a Spaniard, Antonio Ramos, using the Lumiere Cinematograph . While most early filmmakers and producers in the country were mostly wealthy enterprising foreigners and expatriates , on September 12, 1919, Dalagang Bukid (Country Maiden) ,

11424-477: The first being Burning of Red Lotus Temple (1928). Burning of Red Lotus Temple was so successful at the box office, the Star Motion Pictures (Mingxing) production later filmed 18 sequels, marking the beginning of China's esteemed martial arts films. Many imitators followed, including U. Lien (Youlian) Studio's Red Heroine (1929), which is still extant. It was during this period that some of

11560-865: The first defunct awards ever resurrected in Philippine film awards history), was held on October 13, 2006, at the Golden Fortune Restaurant in Manila. A low-key event which was attended by Film Academy of the Philippines Director-General and FAMAS nominee Leo Martinez and National Commission for the Culture and the Arts Executive Director Cecille Guidote-Alvarez, among others, most of the winners were not present during

11696-407: The first foreign cameramen arrived. In a Sight & Sound list of the best films produced in Asia , Japanese works made up eight of the top 12, with Tokyo Story (1953) ranked number one. Tokyo Story also topped the 2012 Sight & Sound directors' poll of The Top 50 Greatest Films of All Time , dethroning Citizen Kane , while Akira Kurosawa 's Seven Samurai (1954) was voted

11832-596: The first full-length feature. Cairo 's film industry became a regional force with the coming of sound. Between 1930 and 1936, various small studios produced at least 44 feature films. In 1936, Studio Misr , financed by industrialist Talaat Harb , emerged as the leading Egyptian equivalent to Hollywood's major studios, a role the company retained for three decades. Of the more than 4,000 short and feature-length films made in MENA region since 1908, more than three-quarters were Egyptian films. Egyptian films are typically spoken in

11968-684: The first half of the 1990s were the golden years for Bangladeshi films as the industry produced many successful films. The Face and the Mask , the first Bengali language full-length feature film was produced in 1956. Matir Moina , a 2002 film by Tarek Masud , became the first Bangladeshi film to be honored at Cannes Film Festival The biggest film studios in Southeast Asia has been soft opened on 5 November 2011 on 10 hectares of land in Nongsa, Batam Island , Indonesia . Infinite Frameworks (IFW)

12104-420: The first independent Chinese screenplay, The Difficult Couple , was filmed in Shanghai by Zheng Zhengqiu and Zhang Shichuan . Zhang Shichuan then set up the first Chinese-owned film production company in 1916. The first full-length feature film was Yan Ruisheng (閻瑞生) released in 1921, which was a docudrama about the killing of a Shanghai courtesan . Chinese film production developed significantly in

12240-442: The global box office's biggest market. The cinema of the United States , often generally referred to as Hollywood, has had a profound effect on cinema across the world since the early 20th century. The United States cinema (Hollywood) is the oldest film industry in the world and also the largest film industry in terms of revenue. Hollywood is the primary nexus of the U.S. film industry with established film study facilities such as

12376-621: The hundreds of millions. China's highest-grossing film in box office admissions was Legend of the White Snake (1980) with an estimated 700 million admissions, followed by In-Laws ( Full House of Joy )  [ zh ] (1981) and The Undaunted Wudang (1983) with more than 600 million ticket sales each. The highest-grossing foreign film was the Japanese film Kimi yo Fundo no Kawa o Watare (1976), which released in 1978 and sold more than 330 million tickets, followed by

12512-588: The introduction of entertainment taxes, strict laws based upon ultra-conservative jurisprudence, was an obstacle to the industry's growth. Once thriving, the cinema in Pakistan had a sudden collapse in the 1980s and by the 2000s "an industry that once produced an average of 80 films annually was now struggling to even churn out few movies." However, the boom in the Television Industry in Karachi which gave rise to bigger privately owned media houses led to

12648-603: The largest producer of films in the world, India also has the largest number of admissions. Indian film industry is multi-lingual and the largest in the world in terms of ticket sales but 3rd-largest in terms of revenue, mainly due to having among the lowest ticket prices in the world. The industry is viewed mainly by a vast film-going Indian public. Indian film industry is also the dominant source of films and entertainment in its neighboring countries of South Asia . The three largest film industries in India are Hindi cinema , Telugu cinema and Tamil cinema . The Hindi film industry

12784-575: The late Joseon dynasty to the Korean War to domestic governmental interference. While both countries have relatively robust film industries today , only South Korean films have achieved wide international acclaim. North Korean films tend to portray their communist or revolutionary themes. South Korean films enjoyed a "Golden age" during the late 1950s and 1960s. By 2005 South Korea had become one of few nations to watch more domestic than imported films in theaters due largely to laws placing limits on

12920-629: The later phase of the Chinese Civil War , filmmakers trained in Yan'an and Northeastern Film Studio documented all the major battles leading to the communists' defeat of the Nationalists. The film industry continued to develop after 1945. Production in Shanghai once again resumed as a new crop of studios took the place that Lianhua and Mingxing studios had occupied in the previous decade. In 1945, Cai Chusheng returned to Shanghai to revive

13056-590: The livelihood of more than 6 million people. The other largest film industries are Malayalam cinema , Kannada cinema , Bengali cinema ( cinema of West Bengal ) and Marathi cinema , primarily located in Kochi , Bengaluru , Kolkata , and Mumbai , respectively. The remaining majority portion are spread across northern, eastern, western, and southern India (with Gujarati , Punjabi , Odia , Bhojpuri , Assamese Cinema ). However, there are several smaller centers of Indian film industries in regional languages centered in

13192-406: The local circuit and international markets like Gulf countries, UK-Europe, US-North America, and Far-East. Many Pakistani movies made their ways to Oscars' foreign language film category i.e. The Day Shall Dawn (1959), The Veil (Ghoonghat) (1963), Zinda Bhaag (2013), Dukhtar (2014), Moor (2015), Mah-e-Mir (2016), Saawan (2017), Cake (2018), Lal Kabootar (2019). Two Pakistani documentary films won

13328-497: The main centers of production, between 1957 and 1960 the government built regional studios in Guangzhou , Xi'an , and Chengdu to encourage representation of ethnic minorities in films. Chinese cinema began to directly address the issue of such ethnic minorities during the late 1950s and early 1960s in films like Five Golden Flowers (1959), Third Sister Liu (1960), Serfs (1963), and Ashima (1964). On 9 March 1958,

13464-446: The market in the early to mid-1930s: the newly formed Lianhua ("United China"), the older and larger Mingxing and Tianyi. Both Mingxing and Lianhua leaned left (Lianhua's management perhaps more so), while Tianyi continued to make less socially conscious fare. The period also produced the first big Chinese movie stars, such as Hu Die, Ruan Lingyu, Li Lili , Chen Yanyan , Zhou Xuan , Zhao Dan and Jin Yan . Other major films of

13600-619: The more important production companies first came into being, notably Mingxing and the Shaw brothers' Tianyi ("Unique"). Mingxing, founded by Zheng Zhengqiu and Zhang Shichuan in 1922, initially focused on comic shorts, including the oldest surviving complete Chinese film, Laborer's Love (1922). This soon shifted, however, to feature-length films and family dramas including Orphan Rescues Grandfather (1923). Meanwhile, Tianyi shifted their model towards folklore dramas and also pushed into foreign markets; their film White Snake (1926) proved

13736-463: The movement tend to underline the role of the individual as opposed to collectivity. There were two trends within the movement: young directors such as Andrzej Wajda generally studied the idea of heroism, while another group (the most notable being Andrzej Munk ) analyzed the Polish character via irony, humor, and dissection of national myths. Cinema of the Philippines began with the introduction of

13872-451: The needs of workers and of socialism. In addition to films deemed laudatory, from the middle of 1966 to 1968, the expanding film distribution network screened films characterized as "poisonous weeds" to hundreds of millions of audience members for the purpose of criticizing the films. These criticism screenings were sometimes accompanied by struggle sessions . Sent-down youth were a major subset of China's rural projectionists during

14008-424: The number of foreign films able to be shown per theater per year. In the theaters, Korean films must be played for 73 days per year since 2006. On cable TV 25% domestic film quota will be reduced to 20% after KOR-US FTA. The cinema of South Korea had a total box office gross in the country in 2015 of ₩ 884 billion and had 113,000,000 admissions, 52% of the total admissions. The history of Cinema of Poland

14144-572: The participation of the People's Liberation Army . The private studios in Shanghai, including Kunming, Wenhua, Guotai, and Datong, were at first encouraged to make new films. They made approximately 47 films during the next two years but soon ran into trouble, owing to the furor over the Kunlun-produced drama The Life of Wu Xun (1950), directed by Sun Yu and starring veteran Zhao Dan. In an anonymous article in People's Daily in May 1951,

14280-452: The peak ticket sales in the history of the Chinese box office. High ticket sales were driven by low ticket prices, with a cinema ticket typically costing between ¥ 0.1 ( $ 0.06 ) and ¥0.3 ( $ 0.19 ) at the time. By the early 1980s, there were 162,000 projection units in China, primarily composed of mobile movie teams which showed films outdoors in both rural and urban areas. A number of films during this period drew box office admissions in

14416-650: The period include Love and Duty (1931), Little Toys (1933), New Women (1934), Song of the Fishermen (1934), Plunder of Peach and Plum (1934), Crossroads (1937), and Street Angel (1937). Throughout the 1930s, the Nationalists and the Communists struggled for power and control over the major studios; their influence can be seen in the films the studios produced during this period. The Japanese invasion of China in 1937, in particular

14552-573: The post-Second Sino-Japanese War remnants of the Manchurian Motion Picture Association into the Northeast Film Studio and when Yuan became Film Bureau chief in 1949, he applied its model to help institute a film exhibition network around the country. The Northeast Film Studio also trained the first generation of communist Chinese documentary filmmakers. In 1950, 1,800 projectionists from around

14688-664: The process in 1890. Two of the top eight- highest-grossing films worldwide of all time have some British historical, cultural or creative dimensions: Titanic (1997), Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (2011), The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003), and Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest (2005). Adding four more Harry Potter films and one more Lord of

14824-594: The production bases in the middle of all the transition was the Changchun Film Studio . American films were banned as part of the Korean War effort. The Communist government solved the problem of a lack of film theaters by building mobile projection units which could tour the remote regions of China, ensuring that even the poorest could have access to films. The vast majority of China's people lived in rural areas, and most people in China had not seen

14960-624: The ranks of French cinema. Conversely, some French directors have had careers in other countries, such as Luc Besson , Jacques Tourneur , or Francis Veber in the United States . Another element supporting this fact is that Paris has the highest density of cinemas in the world, measured by the number of movie theaters per inhabitant, and that in most "downtown Paris" movie theaters, foreign movies which would be secluded to "art houses" cinemas in other places are shown alongside "mainstream" works. Philippe Binant realized, on 2 February 2000,

15096-569: The rest of the regional film industries constitute 21% of Indian cinema. By 2021, Telugu Cinema (Tollywood) has overtaken both Hindi cinema (Bollywood) and Tamil cinema (Kollywood), emerged as the largest film industry in India in terms of box-office. In 2023, Bollywood again emerged as the largest film industry in India. The cinema of Russia, popularly known as Mollywood , refers to the film industry in Russia , engaged in producing motion pictures in

15232-650: The sharpest criticisms came from the satirical comedies of Lü Ban . Before the New Director Arrives exposes the hierarchical relationships occurring between the cadres, while his next film, The Unfinished Comedy (1957), was labeled as a "poisonous weed" during the Anti-Rightist Movement , and Lü was banned from directing for life. Other noteworthy films produced during this period were adaptations of literary classics, such as Sang Hu 's The New Year's Sacrifice (1956, adapted from

15368-748: The states where those languages are spoken. Indian cinema encloses several several artforms like Indian classical music, folk music of different regions throughout the country, Indian classical dance, folk dance, and much more. Bollywood, Kollywood and Tollywood forms the largest portion of the Indian film industry and is viewed all over the Indian Subcontinent , and is increasingly popular in Australia, UK, United States, New Zealand, Southeast Asia , Africa , Gulf countries , European countries , East Asia and China. The largest film studio complex in

15504-733: The television show Breaking Bad was set there, and movies such as No Country for Old Men and Rust were shot there. Between 2009 and 2015, Hollywood consistently grossed $ 10 billion (or more) annually. Hollywood's award ceremony, the Academy Awards , officially known as The Oscars, is held by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) every year and as of 2019, more than 3,000 Oscars have been awarded. On 27 October 1911, Nestor Film Company established Hollywood's first permanent film studio. The California weather allowed for year-round filming. In 1912, Universal Studios

15640-464: The top foreign market. The cinema of Iran ( Persian : سینمای ایران ) or cinema of Persia refers to the cinema and film industries in Iran which produce a variety of commercial films annually. Iranian art films have garnered international fame and now enjoy a global following. Along with China, Iran has been lauded as one of the best exporters of cinema in the 1990s. Some critics now rank Iran as

15776-469: The words of one critic, "If an Egyptian film intended for popular audiences lacked any of these prerequisites, it constituted a betrayal of the unwritten contract with the spectator, the results of which would manifest themselves in the box office." Since the 1990s, Egypt's cinema has gone in separate directions. Smaller art films attract some international attention but sparse attendance at home. Popular films, often broad comedies such as What A Lie! , and

15912-490: The world is Ramoji Film City located at Hyderabad , India, which opened in 1996 and measures 674 ha (1,666 acres). Comprising 47 sound stages, it has permanent sets ranging from railway stations to temples. By 1986, India's annual film output had increased from 741 films produced annually to 833 films, making India the world's largest film producer. As of 2014 , Bollywood represents 45% of Indian net box office revenue, while Tamil and Telugu cinemas together represent 36%, and

16048-448: The world's most important national cinema, artistically, with a significance that invites comparison to Italian neorealism and similar movements in past decades. German filmmaker Werner Herzog has praised Iranian cinema as one of the world's most important artistic cinemas. It is notable, that Iran has won 2 Academy Awards and has been nominated 3 times, which is ranked 11th in the world cinema, second in Asia after Japan, and first in

16184-482: The world, the Hengdian World Studios , and in 2010 it had the third largest film industry by number of feature films produced annually. For the next decade, the production companies were mainly foreign-owned, and the domestic film industry was centered on Shanghai, a thriving entrepot and the largest city in the Far East . In 1913, the first independent Chinese screenplay , The Difficult Couple ,

16320-490: The world. This caused a massive ripple effect on the country's economy. It is assumed that this increased the purchase of unlicensed DVDs. However, even copyright-violating DVDs took longer to obtain. The minimum cost to view a foreign film not screened locally was 1 million Rupiah. This was equivalent to US$ 100, as it includes a plane ticket to Singapore. The cinema of Pakistan , or simply Pakistani cinema ( Urdu : پاکستانی سنیما ), refers to Pakistan 's film industry. Most of

16456-420: The years immediately following the Cultural Revolution, the film industry again flourished as a medium of popular entertainment. Production rose steadily, from 19 features in 1977 to 125 in 1986. Domestically produced films played to large audiences, and tickets for foreign film festivals sold quickly. The industry tried to revive crowds by making more innovative and "exploratory" films like their counterparts in

16592-616: The years. Filmmakers associated with parallel cinema are Satyajit Ray , Mrinal Sen , Ritwik Ghatak . Parallel films are characterized by their rejection of popular forms like the songs and fight sequences, their affinity for rural settings, their use of method actors, and toned-down color palettes. The best examples of parallel cinema are the most famous films of Ray – Pather Panchali (1955), Aparajito (1956), and The World of Apu (1959) – which formed The Apu Trilogy . Some other examples of such movies are Raincoat , Dhobi Ghat , Mithya . Indian films have garnered popularity not only in

16728-556: Was a ballet version of the revolutionary opera The Red Detachment of Women , directed by Pan Wenzhan and Fu Jie in 1970. The release of filmed versions of the revolutionary model operas resulted in a re-organization and expansion of China's film exhibition network. From 1965 to 1976, the number of film projection units in China quadrupled, total film audiences nearly tripled, and the national film attendance rate doubled. The Cultural Revolution Group drastically reduced ticket prices which, in its view, would allow film to better serve

16864-487: Was a surprise addition and Golden Lion winner of the 2006 Venice International Film Festival. Still Life , which concerns provincial workers around the Three Gorges region, sharply contrasts with the works of Fifth Generation Chinese directors like Zhang Yimou and Chen Kaige who were at the time producing House of Flying Daggers (2004) and The Promise (2005). It featured no star of international renown and

17000-413: Was acted mostly by non-professionals. In 2012 the country became the second-largest market in the world by box office receipts. In 2014, the gross box office in China was ¥ 29.6 billion ( US$ 4.82 billion), with domestic films having a share of 55%. China has also become a major hub of business for Hollywood studios. In 2018, China's gross box office was US$ 8.9 Billion In 2013, China's gross box office

17136-412: Was either Spring on Stage (歌場春色) by Tianyi, or Clear Sky After Storm by Great China Studio and Jinan Studio. Musical films, such as Song at Midnight (1937) and Street Angels (1937), starring Zhou Xuan, became one of the most popular film genres in China. News films increased in importance following the Japanese air raid on Shanghai in 1932. The bombing also destroyed significant amounts of

17272-535: Was estimated to be the lowest average ticket price – measured in Euro – in Europe, marginally cheaper than in several Central and Eastern Europe markets like Croatia, Romania, Lithuania or Bulgaria (subject to exchange rates). Japan has one of the oldest and largest film industries in the world; as of 2010, it was the fourth largest by number of feature films produced. Movies have been produced in Japan since 1897, when

17408-473: Was filmed in Shanghai by Zheng Zhengqiu and Zhang Shichuan . As the Sixth Generation gained international exposure, many subsequent films were joint ventures and projects with international backers but remained quite resolutely low-key and low-budget . Jia's Platform (2000) was funded in part by Takeshi Kitano 's production house, while his Still Life was shot on HD video. Still Life

17544-492: Was formed, merging Nestor and several other motion picture companies, including Independent Moving Pictures (IMP). India is the largest producer of films in the world and the second-oldest film industry in the world. The country is home to some of the most important cities in the global film industry: Mumbai (previously Bombay), Hyderabad and Chennai (Madras). In 2009, India produced a total of 2,961 films on celluloid; this figure includes 1,288 feature films. Besides being

17680-560: Was founded on the core of talent brought together for the filming of 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) who subsequently worked together on series and feature films for Gerry Anderson . The Bristol-based Aardman Animations is known for its stop-motion animation. In late 1998, Channel 4 launched their free-to-air film channel Film4 – a channel specifically designed to show films. It broadcasts from 11:00 am BST and competes with pay television film network Sky Cinema . The London-based visual effects company Framestore , with Tim Webber

17816-462: Was opened. A short silent film titled Sukumari ( The Good Girl ) was the first produced film in the region in 1928. The first full-length film The Last Kiss , was released in 1931. Since the separation of Bangladesh from Pakistan in 1971, Dhaka has been the center of the Bangladeshi film industry and generated the majority share of revenue, production, and audiences. The 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, and

17952-539: Was precisely its artistic quality and apparent lack of "political grounding" that led to its labeling by the Communists as rightist or reactionary, and the film was quickly forgotten by those on the mainland following the Communist victory in China in 1949. However, with the China Film Archive's re-opening after the Cultural Revolution, a new print was struck from the original negative, allowing Spring of

18088-567: Was still strong when it came to history after 1945 and there were very few films on contemporary events. This marked the major difference between the members of the Polish Film School and Italian neorealists. The Polish Film School was the first to underline the national character of Poles and one of the first artistic movements in Central Europe to openly oppose the official guidelines of Socialist realism . The members of

18224-539: Was the third lowest share among the 30 European markets for which such data are available and clearly illustrates the strong dependence of Turkish films on the domestic market, a feature which is shared by Polish and Russian films. In 2014, Kış Uykusu ( Winter's Sleep ) won the Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Film. In 2013, Turkey still ranked behind the Netherlands in terms of

18360-471: Was worth $ 136 billion in 2018. Hollywood is the world's oldest national film industry, and largest in terms of box-office gross revenue. Indian cinema is the largest national film industry in terms of the number of films produced, with 2,446 feature films produced annually as of 2019 . The worldwide theatrical market had a box office of US$ 42.2 billion in 2019. The top three continents/regions by box-office gross were Asia-Pacific with US$ 17.8 billion ,

18496-483: Was ¥21.8 billion (US$ 3.6 billion), the second-largest film market in the world by box office receipts It increased to $ 4.8 Billion in 2014 box office grosser in film industry. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic , in 2020 China overtook North America as world's biggest box office, being the first country to achieve this status. China retained this status in 2021. However, in 2022, North America once again overtook China as

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