92-404: Marryatville is a small suburb about 4–5 kilometres (2.5–3.1 mi) east of Adelaide's central business district , in the local council area of City of Norwood Payneham St Peters . Comprising low- to medium-density housing, two large schools, a church and several shops, it also has two creeks running through it. The first European settler on the land was George Brunskill in 1839, with part of
184-675: A Woolworths supermarket, newsagency , butchery, liquor store, Bakers Delight bakery, yogurt shop, pharmacy, dine-in café and Asian food take-away shop. Along Kensington Road in Marryatville, there is a petrol station , hairdresser, pizza shop and other businesses. Over the road in Kensington there is the Marryatville Hotel, and a little east of this, there are other shops, the Kensington Park post office, and
276-525: A belief summed up in a housing poster of the period "you cannot expect to get an A1 population out of C3 homes" – referring to military fitness classifications of the period. The committee's report of 1917 was taken up by the government, which passed the Housing, Town Planning, &c. Act 1919 , also known as the Addison Act after Christopher Addison , the then Minister for Housing. The Act allowed for
368-474: A church ( St Matthew's Anglican Church , built in 1848, consecrated in 1849) to the west of the village, and company-owned lands to the east. In the village, one of the first buildings was the Marryatville Hotel, a single-storey building on the southern side. This was near the building which still stands, built in 1908 on the site of a brewery and used as a police station until 1971, and today by private businesses. Woodcutters would gather there on their way back from
460-585: A city or town or to a separate municipality or unincorporated area outside a town or city. Although a majority of Americans regard themselves as residents of suburban communities, the federal government of the United States has no formal definition for what constitutes a suburb in the United States, leaving its precise meaning disputed. In Canada, the term may also be used in the British sense, especially as cities annex formerly outlying areas. In
552-550: A city's expansion, such as Ealing , Bromley , and Guiseley . In Ireland, this can be seen in the Dublin suburban areas of Swords, Blanchardstown , and Tallaght . The history of suburbia is part of the study of urban history , which focuses on the origins, growth, diverse typologies, culture, and politics of suburbs, as well as on the gendered and family-oriented nature of suburban space. Many people have assumed that early-20th-century suburbs were enclaves for middle-class whites,
644-404: A component of these newly designed suburbs which were booming in population. The television helped contribute to the rise of shopping centers by allowing for additional advertisement through the medium in addition to creating a desire among consumers to buy products that are shown being used in suburban life on various television programs. Another factor that led to the rise of these shopping centers
736-479: A concept that carries tremendous cultural influence yet is actually stereotypical. Some suburbs are based on a society of working-class and minority residents, many of whom want to own their own house. Meanwhile, other suburbs instituted "explicitly racist" policies to deter people deemed as "other", a practice most common in the United States in contrast to other countries around the world. Mary Corbin Sies argues that it
828-672: A curacy in Kent he emigrated to the colony of South Australia . After a further curacy at Holy Trinity Church, Adelaide he became the incumbent at St Paul's, Port Adelaide ; and then Christ Church, North Adelaide . On 8 August 1904 his golden wedding anniversary was celebrated at the North Adelaide Institute, attended by the Governor of South Australia , Sir George Le Hunte , the Bishop of Adelaide . John Harmer , and
920-465: A day's work in the hills. The village was advertised on 23 September 1848 as: Twenty acres of the very best land most salubriously situate in the above-mentioned township. A splendid stream of water runs through the property besides which good spring water may be obtained in wells 26 feet (7.9 m) depth. It adjoins the elegant church of Kensington on the west and the residence of the Honourable
1012-565: A further distance from them. In Japan, the construction of suburbs has boomed since the end of World War II and many cities are experiencing the urban sprawl effect. In Mexico, suburbs are generally similar to their United States counterparts. Houses are made in many different architectural styles which may be of European, American and International architecture and which vary in size. Suburbs can be found in Guadalajara , Mexico City, Monterrey , and most major cities. Lomas de Chapultepec
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#17327733174801104-1015: A high of nearly two-thirds of Calgary CMA residents (67%), to a low of about one-third of Montréal CMA residents (34%). Large cities in Canada acquired streetcar suburbs in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Modern Canadian suburbs tend to be less automobile-centric than those in the United States, and public transit use is encouraged but can be notably unused. Throughout Canada, there are comprehensive plans in place to curb sprawl. Population and income growth in Canadian suburbs had tended to outpace growth in core urban or rural areas, but in many areas, this trend has now reversed. The suburban population increased by 87% between 1981 and 2001, well ahead of urban growth. The majority of recent population growth in Canada's three largest metropolitan areas ( Greater Toronto , Greater Montréal, and Greater Vancouver ) has occurred in non-core municipalities. This trend
1196-403: A house in Marryatville designed by architect George Abbott in about 1866. The plot was bought from Brunskill, and was described as a long strip of land, formerly part of a paddock used as a shortcut by Burnside people going to St Matthew's Church. There were several wells, and the property had to be locked against bushrangers , who were active in the area. Walter first planted fruit trees, but as
1288-588: A large scale in the 19th and 20th centuries, as a result of improved rail and road transport, which led to an increase in commuting. In general, they are less densely populated than inner city neighborhoods within the same metropolitan area, and most residents routinely commute to city centers or business districts via private vehicles or public transits ; however, there are many exceptions, including industrial suburbs , planned communities , and satellite cities . Suburbs tend to proliferate around cities that have an abundance of adjacent flat land. The English word
1380-476: A large stand–alone house. In the suburbs, where stand–alone houses are the rule, lots may be 85 feet (26 m) wide by 115 feet (35 m) deep, as in the Chicago suburb of Naperville . Manufacturing and commercial buildings were segregated in other areas of the city. Alongside suburbanization, many companies began locating their offices and other facilities in the outer areas of the cities, which resulted in
1472-558: A meeting point for those who lived within suburban America at this time. These centers thrived offering goods and services to the growing populations in suburban America. In 1957, 940 shopping centers were built and this number more than doubled by 1960 to keep up with the demand of these densely populated areas. Very little housing had been built during the Great Depression and World War II , except for emergency quarters near war industries. Overcrowded and inadequate apartments
1564-435: A modern home in beautiful countryside with a fast railway-service to central London. By 1915 people from across London had flocked to live the new suburban dream in large newly built areas across north-west London. Suburbanization in the interwar period was heavily influenced by the garden city movement of Ebenezer Howard and the creation of the first garden suburbs at the turn of the 20th century. The first garden suburb
1656-449: A performance area for year 11 and 12 Drama Productions and is also used by outside theatre groups. The film Hey Hey It's Esther Blueburger (2008) included several scenes filmed at the school. Loreto College is an independent Roman Catholic primary and secondary day and boarding school for girls, situated on the corner of Portrush Road and Kensington Road in Marryatville. The local state primary school , Marryatville Primary School,
1748-512: A phenomenon known as white flight . After World War II, the availability of FHA loans stimulated a housing boom in American suburbs. In the older cities of the northeast U.S., streetcar suburbs originally developed along train or trolley lines that could shuttle workers into and out of city centers where the jobs were located. This practice gave rise to the term " bedroom community ", meaning that most daytime business activity took place in
1840-435: A problem of public order (keeping the unwelcome poorest classes together with the criminals, in this way better controlled, comfortably remote from the elegant "official" town). On the other hand, the expected huge expansion of the town soon effectively covered the distance from the central town, and now those suburbs are completely engulfed by the main territory of the town. Other newer suburbs (called exurbs ) were created at
1932-473: A settled life moved in masses to the suburbs. Levittown developed as a major prototype of mass-produced housing. Due to the influx of people in these suburban areas, the amount of shopping centers began to increase as suburban America took shape. These malls helped supply goods and services to the growing urban population. Shopping for different goods and services in one central location without having to travel to multiple locations, helped to keep shopping centers
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#17327733174802024-578: A total price of $ 10,000. Veterans could get one with a much lower down payment. At the same time, African Americans were rapidly moving north and west for better jobs and educational opportunities than were available to them in the segregated South. Their arrival in Northern and Western cities en masse, in addition to being followed by race riots in several large cities such as Philadelphia , Los Angeles , Detroit , Chicago , and Washington, D.C. , further stimulated white suburban migration. The growth of
2116-615: Is a distinct European style originating from European influence during the mid-1600s when the Dutch settled the Cape. Houses like these are called Cape Dutch Houses and can be found in the affluent suburbs of Constantia and Bishopscourt . Large cities like Sydney and Melbourne had streetcar suburbs in the tram era. With the automobile, the Australian usage came about as outer areas were quickly surrounded in fast-growing cities, but retained
2208-594: Is actually located in the adjacent suburb Kensington . There is a business precinct commonly known as Marryatville shops, or Marryatville/Kensington Park precinct, which straddles four suburbs, near the junction of Kensington Road and Tusmore Avenue in Leabrook. The enclosed Marryatville Shopping Centre is located on the corner of Kensington Road and Tusmore Avenue. The shopping centre was first developed for BI-LO supermarket in 1980–1981, this being demolished and rebuilt redeveloped in 2005–06. As of June 2019 It includes
2300-550: Is also beginning to take effect in Vancouver , and to a lesser extent, Montréal . In certain cities, particularly Edmonton and Calgary , suburban growth takes place within the city boundaries as opposed to in bedroom communities. This is due to annexation and a large geographic footprint within the city borders. Calgary is unusual among Canadian cities because it has developed as a unicity – it has annexed most of its surrounding towns and large amounts of undeveloped land around
2392-721: Is an area within a metropolitan area which is predominantly residential and within commuting distance of a large city. Suburbs can have their own political or legal jurisdictions, especially in the United States, but this is not always the case, especially in the United Kingdom, where most suburbs are located within the administrative boundaries of cities. In most English-speaking countries , suburban areas are defined in contrast to central city or inner city areas, but in Australian English and South African English , suburb has become largely synonymous with what
2484-996: Is an example of an affluent suburb, although it is located inside the city and by no means is today a suburb in the strict sense of the word. In other countries, the situation is similar to that of Mexico, with many suburbs being built, most notably in Peru and Chile, which have experienced a boom in the construction of suburbs since the late 1970s and early 1980s. As the growth of middle-class and upper-class suburbs increased, low-class squatter areas have increased, most notably "lost cities" in Mexico, campamentos in Chile, barriadas in Peru, villa miserias in Argentina, asentamientos in Guatemala and favelas of Brazil. Charles Marryat Charles Marryat (26 June 1827 – 29 September 1906)
2576-441: Is an urbanized nation where over 80% of the population lives in urban areas (loosely defined), and roughly two-thirds live in one of Canada's 33 census metropolitan areas (CMAs) with a population of over 100,000. However, of this metropolitan population, in 2001 nearly half lived in low-density neighborhoods, with only one in five living in a typical "urban" neighborhood. The percentage living in low-density neighborhoods varied from
2668-455: Is called a " neighborhood " in the U.S. Due in part to historical trends such as white flight , some suburbs in the United States have a higher population and higher incomes than their nearby inner cities. In some countries, including India, China, New Zealand, Canada, the United Kingdom, and parts of the United States, new suburbs are routinely annexed by adjacent cities due to urban sprawl . In others, such as Morocco , France, and much of
2760-844: Is derived from the Old French subburbe , which is in turn derived from the Latin suburbium , formed from sub (meaning "under" or "below") and urbs ("city"). The first recorded use of the term in English according to the Oxford English Dictionary appears in Middle English c. 1350 in the manuscript of the Midlands Prose Psalter, in which the form suburbes is used. In Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa, suburban areas (in
2852-463: Is located within the suburb. The school was formerly Norwood Boys Technical School until it was renamed and opened to both sexes in 1976. Eden Park, the grand two-storey Victorian house built by the Scarfe family, is now used as the high school's Year 12 campus; the timber stables, have been converted into a music centre. In 2005, Marryatville's Performing Arts Centre, The Forge, was opened. It serves as
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2944-407: Is necessary to examine how "suburb" is defined as well as the distinction made between cities and suburbs, geography, economic circumstances, and the interaction of numerous factors that move research beyond acceptance of stereotyping and its influence on scholarly assumptions. The earliest appearance of suburbs coincided with the spread of the first urban settlements. Large walled towns tended to be
3036-524: Is reported as 8,250. In a letter the following April, he says that in contrast to when they arrived, when the area was almost totally uninhabited, they were now surrounded by neighbours. His 67 acres leased from the Company provide lizards and goannas for "excellent eating", and he says that "the Blacks" (the local Kaurna people) hardly ever come near them, are "harmless" and do not steal; he lent an axe which
3128-649: The Chief Justice , John Hannah Gordon . He twice acted as Coadjutor Bishop of Adelaide during interregnums . He died on 29 September 1906. He was referred to as "one who would have been a most honored member of our audience...our late beloved Dean Marryat" in an address by the Mayor of Adelaide , Theodore Bruce , at the unveiling ceremony for the statue of Colonel Light in Victoria Square on 27 November 1906. The suburb of Marryatville and
3220-580: The FNB ("Soccer City") Stadium and south of the city in areas like Eikenhof, where the "Eye of Africa" planned community exists. This master-planned community is nearly indistinguishable from the most amenity-rich resort-style American suburbs in Florida, Arizona, and California, complete with a golf course, resort pool, equestrian facility , 24-hour staffed gates, gym, and BMX track, as well as several tennis, basketball, and volleyball courts. In Cape Town, there
3312-673: The Hampstead Garden Suburb . The suburb attracted the talents of architects including Raymond Unwin and Sir Edwin Lutyens , and it ultimately grew to encompass over 800 acres. During World War I, the Tudor Walters Committee was commissioned to make recommendations for the post war reconstruction and housebuilding. In part, this was a response to the shocking lack of fitness amongst many recruits during World War One, attributed to poor living conditions;
3404-403: The inner cities of the U.S. Examples include the banlieues of France, or the concrete suburbs of Sweden, even if the suburbs of these countries also include middle-class and upper-class neighborhoods that often consist of single-family houses . Following the growth of the middle class due to African industrialization, the development of middle class suburbs has boomed since the beginning of
3496-430: The state government , after which it was used as a residential home and then a school for nurses (Gleneden School of Nursing), before becoming SA Health 's conference centre. In 1993 it was acquired by Marryatville High School and since then has been used as a campus for final year students. The large house on the corner of present-day Portrush and Kensington Roads (and now part of Loreto College), known as The Acacias,
3588-493: The 1850s and eventually became a component of the Australian Dream . Toward the end of the century, with the development of public transit systems such as the underground railways , trams and buses, it became possible for the majority of a city's population to reside outside the city and to commute into the center for work. By the mid-19th century, the first major suburban areas were springing up around London as
3680-603: The 1930s through 1945, there were 1,450,000 constructed annually from 1946 through 1955. The G.I. Bill guaranteed low-cost loans for veterans, with very low down payments, and low interest rates. With 16 million eligible veterans, the opportunity to buy a house was suddenly at hand. In 1947 alone, 540,000 veterans bought one; their average price was $ 7300. The construction industry kept prices low by standardization—for example, standardizing sizes for kitchen cabinets, refrigerators and stoves allowed for mass production of kitchen furnishings. Developers purchased empty land just outside
3772-434: The 1990s, particularly in cities such as Cairo , Nairobi , Johannesburg , and Lagos . In an illustrative case of South Africa, RDP housing has been built. In much of Soweto , many houses are American in appearance, but are smaller, and often consist of a kitchen and living room, two or three bedrooms, and a bathroom. However, there are more affluent neighborhoods, more comparable to American suburbs, particularly east of
Marryatville, South Australia - Misplaced Pages Continue
3864-701: The Colonial Secretary (then Alfred Mundy ) on the north, the celebrated Glen Osmond and other mineral lands on the south and those of the South Australian Company on the east. In 1851, George Hall founded one of South Australia's first aerated waters companies in Ringmore (now Dudley) Road. In 1872 the company, then known as Geo. Hall & Sons, moved to Edward Street, Norwood . The highly successful company's Halls label produced soft drinks , surviving for 149 years. Heathpool
3956-592: The Grand Central Terminal commuter hub that enabled its development. Westchester's true importance in the history of American suburbanization derives from the upper-middle class development of villages including Scarsdale , New Rochelle and Rye serving thousands of businessmen and executives from Manhattan. The suburban population in North America exploded during the post-World War II economic expansion . Returning veterans wishing to start
4048-476: The U.S., the development of the skyscraper and the sharp inflation of downtown real estate prices also led to downtowns being more fully dedicated to businesses, thus pushing residents outside the city center. While suburbs are often associated with the middle classes, in many parts of the developed world, suburbs can be economically distressed areas, inhabited by higher proportions of recent immigrants, with higher delinquency rates and social problems, reminiscent of
4140-440: The United Kingdom and Ireland, the term suburb simply refers to a residential area outside the city center, regardless of administrative boundaries. Suburbs, in this sense, can range from areas that seem more like residential areas of a city proper to areas separated by open countryside from the city center. In large cities such as London and Leeds, many suburbs are formerly separate towns and villages that have been absorbed during
4232-468: The United States, many suburbs remain separate municipalities or are governed locally as part of a larger metropolitan area such as a county, district or borough . In the United States, regions beyond the suburbs are known as "exurban areas" or exurbs ; exurbs have less population density than suburbs, but still more than rural areas. Suburbs and exurbs are sometimes linked to the nearby city economically, particularly by commuters. Suburbs first emerged on
4324-802: The appellation suburb ; the term was eventually applied to neighborhoods in the original core as well. In Australia, Sydney's urban sprawl has occurred predominantly in the Western Suburbs . The locality of Olympic Park was designated an official suburb in 2009. Bangladesh has multiple suburbs, Uttara & Ashulia to name a few. However, most suburbs in Dhaka are different from the ones in Europe & Americas . Most suburbs in Bangladesh are filled with high-rise buildings, paddy fields, and farms, and are designed more like rural villages. Canada
4416-632: The area now known as Marryatville. An undated document, estimated c.1840 by the State Library , shows a mortgage agreement for the sum of £300 between Brunskill and the Savings Bank of South Australia , describing an eight-roomed brick home to be built on 6.5 acres. In a letter written in August 1839, Brunskill describes the countryside as "magnificent" after rains, with trees, flowers, vegetables all flourishing. The settler population of Adelaide
4508-501: The building of large new housing estates in the suburbs after the First World War , and marked the start of a long 20th century tradition of state-owned housing, which would later evolve into council estates . The Report also legislated on the required, minimum standards necessary for further suburban construction; this included regulation on the maximum housing density and their arrangement, and it even made recommendations on
4600-547: The city (then the largest in the world) became more overcrowded and unsanitary. A major catalyst for suburban growth was the opening of the Metropolitan Railway in the 1860s. The line later joined the capital's financial heart in the City to what were to become the suburbs of Middlesex . The line reached Harrow in 1880. Unlike other railway companies, which were required to dispose of surplus land, London's Met
4692-472: The city, installed tract houses based on a handful of designs, and provided streets and utilities, while local public officials raced to build schools. The most famous development was Levittown, in Long Island just east of New York City. It offered a new house for $ 1000 down and $ 70 a month; it featured three bedrooms, a fireplace, a gas range and gas furnace, and a landscaped lot of 75 by 100 feet, all for
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#17327733174804784-717: The city, with the working population leaving the city at night for the purpose of going home to sleep. Economic growth in the United States encouraged the suburbanization of American cities that required massive investments for the new infrastructure and homes. Consumer patterns were also shifting at this time, as purchasing power was becoming stronger and more accessible to a wider range of families. Suburban houses also brought about needs for products that were not needed in urban neighborhoods, such as lawnmowers and automobiles. During this time commercial shopping malls were being developed near suburbs to satisfy consumers' needs and their car–dependent lifestyle. Zoning laws also contributed to
4876-588: The city. As a result, most of the communities that Calgarians refer to as "suburbs" are actually inside the city limits. In the 2016 census, the City of Calgary had a population of 1,239,220, whereas the Calgary Metropolitan Area had a population of 1,392,609, indicating the vast majority of people in the Calgary CMA lived within the city limits. The perceived low population density of Calgary largely results from its many internal suburbs and
4968-557: The eastern and western sides. Both First and Second Creek , both originating in the Adelaide Hills , run through the suburb. First Creek surfaces on the northern side of Alnwick Terrace, within the Marryatville High School grounds, then flows through the grounds and out under The Crescent, while Second Creek passes under Hackett Terrace at its northern end, flowing through several properties on either side of
5060-460: The era, was heavily influenced by the Art Deco movement, taking influence from Tudor Revival , chalet style , and even ship design. Within just a decade suburbs dramatically increased in size. Harrow Weald went from just 1,500 to over 10,000 while Pinner jumped from 3,000 to over 20,000. During the 1930s, over 4 million new suburban houses were built, the 'suburban revolution' had made England
5152-463: The firm stayed in operation until his death in 1980. A memorial plaque marks the building, which is still in existence. Brunskill built the first home for the family shortly after arrival in 1839, on land later owned by Sir Edwin Smith, on the site of the present Loreto College , then another cottage on the present Dudley Road, and finally the most elaborate of all, a house which they called Sandford, on
5244-561: The first suburban districts sprung up around downtowns to accommodate those who wanted to escape the squalid conditions of the industrial towns. Initially, such growth came along rail lines in the form of ribbon developments , as suburban residents could commute via train to downtown for work. In Australia, where Melbourne would soon become the second-largest city in the British Empire, the distinctively Australasian suburb, with its loosely aggregated quarter-acre sections, developed in
5336-520: The focus around which smaller villages grew up in a symbiotic relationship with the market town . The word suburbani was first employed by the Roman statesman Cicero in reference to the large villas and estates built by the wealthy patricians of Rome on the city's outskirts. Towards the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty , until 190 AD, when Dong Zhuo razed the city, the capital Luoyang
5428-488: The founding members of the Harris Scarfe department store. Thomas was also a member of the firm. He found the two-storey home unsuitable for his needs and built the grand Victorian mansion now known as Eden Park, designed by architect Alfred Wells . Thomas lived there until his death in 1915, with his widow staying on until her death in 1942. The house, garden and about 20 acres (8.1 ha) of land were bought by
5520-528: The gardens. Gunson sold the house to Sir Edwin Smith in 1878, who greatly extended the home, including a verandah & balcony imported from Glasgow and a large ballroom , to the designs of architect Thomas English (who also designed the new premises of Kent Town Brewery in 1876 for Smith). In December 1920 Loreto Convent bought the house on 5.25 acres (2.12 ha), opening at that location in February 1921. Further conversions have been undertaken by
5612-470: The heritage-listed Regal Theatre , built in 1925 in art deco style. On the south side of Kensington Road in Leabrook is the heritage-listed building built in 1883 as the original Marryatville Primary School, now housing a large health centre and restaurant. 34°55′40″S 138°38′49″E / 34.92778°S 138.64694°E / -34.92778; 138.64694 ( Marrayatville ) Suburb A suburb (more broadly suburban area )
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#17327733174805704-665: The historic county of Westmorland ) with his wife Sarah (née Apsey), departing London in November 1838 on board the Thomas Harrison and arriving in Port Adelaide in February 1839. Both of their young children died before the ship sailed. Brunskill first "leased a portion of section 290, comprising 66 acres (27 ha), from the South Australian Company with a right to purchase the freehold", in
5796-499: The ideal number of bedrooms and other rooms per house. Although the semi-detached house was first designed by the Shaws (a father and son architectural partnership) in the 19th century, it was during the suburban housing boom of the interwar period that the design first proliferated as a suburban icon, being preferred by middle-class home owners to the smaller terraced houses . The design of many of these houses, highly characteristic of
5888-417: The increased density of older suburbs and the growth of lower density suburbs even further from city centers. An alternative strategy is the deliberate design of "new towns" and the protection of green belts around cities. Some social reformers attempted to combine the best of both concepts in the garden city movement. In the U.S., 1950 was the first year that more people lived in suburbs than elsewhere. In
5980-512: The land purchased and laid out as a village in 1848 by James Philcox . The suburb is bounded by Portrush Road in the west, Kensington Road to the north, Tusmore Avenue to the east, and Alnwick Terrace/Romney Road to the south. Along with neighbouring Heathpool to the south and Kensington to the north, it is part of the City of Norwood Payneham St Peters (NPSP) council area, adjoining the City of Burnside suburbs Leabrook and Toorak Gardens on
6072-771: The large amount of undeveloped land within the city. The city actually has a policy of densifying its new developments. In China, the term suburb is new, although suburbs are already being constructed rapidly. Chinese suburbs mostly consist of rows upon rows of apartment blocks and condos that end abruptly into the countryside. Also new town developments are extremely common. Single family suburban homes tend to be similar to their Western equivalents; although primarily outside Beijing and Shanghai, also mimic Spanish and Italian architecture. In Hong Kong, however, suburbs are mostly government-planned new towns containing numerous public housing estates. However, other new towns also contain private housing estates and low density developments for
6164-424: The location of residential areas outside of the city center by creating wide areas or "zones" where only residential buildings were permitted. These suburban residences are built on larger lots of land than in the central city. For example, the lot size for a residence in Chicago is usually 125 feet (38 m) deep, while the width can vary from 14 feet (4.3 m) wide for a row house to 45 feet (14 m) wide for
6256-740: The lower-density suburbs on the outskirts of the urban area. The term 'middle suburbs' is also used. Inner suburbs , such as Te Aro in Wellington, Eden Terrace in Auckland, Prahran in Melbourne and Ultimo in Sydney, are usually characterized by higher density apartment housing and greater integration between commercial and residential areas. In the United States and Canada , suburb can refer either to an outlying residential area of
6348-521: The most heavily suburbanized country in the world, by a considerable margin. Boston and New York City spawned the first major suburbs. The streetcar lines in Boston and the rail lines in Manhattan made daily commutes possible. No metropolitan area in the world was as well served by railroad commuter lines at the turn of the twentieth century as New York, and it was the rail lines to Westchester from
6440-462: The nursery grew, the fruit trees were removed. More than 100,000 roses as well as shrubs and trees were grown and sold; there were also glasshouses to house begonias , maiden-hair ferns and other house plants, and a shadehouse for palms, tree ferns and staghorns . Native plants were cultivated with care. Walter's sons, first John and then William, lived in the house after their father moved to Brighton , but Walter travelled up each day to work in
6532-571: The nursery until his death in 1914. In 1917 the nursery was sold to a limited company, E. & W. Hackett Limited, with William continuing as director for three years. In the same year the business bought a 6-acre (2.4 ha) plot in the Millswood Estate for over £20,067 to accommodate the nursery, which drew glowing praise in a 1923 newspaper article and continued to do business there until 1952. Marryatville High School , on Kensington Road in Marryatville, notable for its music program,
6624-482: The outskirts of the city were generally inhabited by the very poorest. Due to the rapid migration of the rural poor to the industrializing cities of England in the late 18th century, a trend in the opposite direction began to develop, whereby newly rich members of the middle classes began to purchase estates and villas on the outskirts of London. This trend accelerated through the 19th century, especially in cities like London and Birmingham that were growing rapidly, and
6716-648: The press in July of the engagement of "Miss Marryat, niece of the Lord Bishop of Adelaide" to Sir Henry Young , the new governor of Adelaide, before their departure from England. The suburb's name thus came from Augusta Sophia Marryat , wife of the fifth Governor of South Australia , Sir Henry Young, after their arrival in the colony in 1848. Augusta was the niece of the novelist Captain Frederick Marryat , and sister of Charles Marryat , who from 1887 to 1906
6808-530: The railway. However, World War I (1914–1918) delayed these plans until 1919, when, with the expectation of a postwar housing-boom, Metropolitan Railway Country Estates Limited (MRCE) formed. MRCE went on to develop estates at Kingsbury Garden Village near Neasden , Wembley Park , Cecil Park and Grange Estate at Pinner and the Cedars Estate at Rickmansworth and to found places such as Harrow Garden Village . The Met's marketing department coined
6900-480: The road before being canalised . Severe floods in November 2005 overflowed both creeks' banks and caused some damage to both MHS and Loreto, as well as some houses. Before British colonisation of South Australia and subsequent European settlement, Marryatville was inhabited by one of the groups who later collectively became known as the Kaurna peoples. George Brunskill (1799–1866), left Sandford, Cumbria (then in
6992-505: The school over time. The smallest street, now Hackett Terrace, was formerly named Sun Street, the name deriving from Hackett's Nursery, a family concern created by brothers Elisha and Walter Hackett in the 1850s. Elisha Hackett cultivated the garden of his house in Sydenham Road, creating the nursery, and in 1854 persuaded his brother Walter, who had gone to Victoria in 1851, to join him in business. Walter, after his marriage, built
7084-619: The site of the current Eden Park. A huge Norfolk pine planted by the Brunskills still stands. Brunskill ran a brick-making business and grew crops such as wheat and kept cattle, while Sarah tended to pigs. He was a businessman in the city. The Brunskills sold up when they moved to the Barossa Valley in 1857, when they also subdivided and sold more land to the church. Sandford passed through several hands before being purchased in 1899 by Thomas Roger Scarfe, brother of George, one of
7176-579: The suburbs was facilitated by the development of zoning laws, redlining and numerous innovations in transport. Redlining and other discriminatory measures built into federal housing policy furthered the racial segregation of postwar America–for example, by refusing to insure mortgages in and near African-American neighborhoods. The government's efforts were primarily designed to provide housing to White middle-class and lower-middle-class families. African Americans and other people of color largely remained concentrated within decaying cores of urban poverty creating
7268-1008: The term Metro-land in 1915 when the Guide to the Extension Line became the Metro-land guide, priced at 1 d . This promoted the land served by the Met for the walker, visitor and later the house-hunter. Published annually until 1932 (the last full year of independence for the Met), the guide extolled the benefits of "The good air of the Chilterns", using language such as "Each lover of Metroland may well have his own favorite wood beech and coppice — all tremulous green loveliness in Spring and russet and gold in October". The dream as promoted involved
7360-405: The upper classes. In the illustrative case of Rome, Italy, in the 1920s and 1930s, suburbs were intentionally created ex novo to give lower classes a destination, in consideration of the actual and foreseen massive arrival of poor people from other areas of the country. Many critics have seen in this development pattern (which was circularly distributed in every direction) also a quick solution to
7452-467: The wider sense noted in the lead paragraph) have become formalized as geographic subdivisions of a city and are used by postal services in addressing. In rural areas in both countries, their equivalents are called localities (see suburbs and localities ). The terms inner suburb and outer suburb are used to differentiate between the higher-density areas in proximity to the city center (which would not be referred to as 'suburbs' in most other countries), and
7544-469: Was Dean of Adelaide . Her mother was Caroline Short, whose brother, Augustus Short , was the first Anglican bishop of Adelaide. Philcox was probably responsible also for naming Burwash Road, after his home town of Burwash in Sussex. Brunskill's property ran from Portrush Road (then called Glen Osmond Road) to Ringmore Road (now called Dudley Road), and the village to the east of that. The records mention
7636-591: Was allowed to retain such land that it believed was necessary for future railway use. Initially, the surplus land was managed by the Land Committee, and, from the 1880s, the land was developed and sold to domestic buyers in places like Willesden Park Estate, Cecil Park, near Pinner and at Wembley Park. In 1912 it was suggested that a specially formed company should take over from the Surplus Lands Committee and develop suburban estates near
7728-401: Was built in 1874-5 by Dr J.M. Gunson to the design of renowned builder and architect Michael McMullen . The land was originally part of land grant to George Fife Angas , Henry Kingscote & Thomas Smith, all founding directors of the South Australian Company . After several other owners, Gunson purchased the land in August 1874, built the house on a terrace above First Creek and developed
7820-428: Was developed through the efforts of social reformer Henrietta Barnett and her husband; inspired by Ebenezer Howard and the model housing development movement (then exemplified by Letchworth garden city), as well as the desire to protect part of Hampstead Heath from development, they established trusts in 1904 which bought 243 acres of land along the newly opened Northern line extension to Golders Green and created
7912-528: Was mainly occupied by the emperor and important officials; the city's people mostly lived in small cities right outside Luoyang, which were suburbs in all but name. As populations grew during the Early Modern Period in Europe, towns swelled with a steady influx of people from the countryside . In some places, nearby settlements were swallowed up as the main city expanded. The peripheral areas on
8004-493: Was one of three large properties, along with Eden Park and The Acacias, which made up Marryatville. The Kensington line was the first of several trams in Adelaide , firstly horse-drawn (1878) and later electrified. There was a tram terminus in Marryatville, near the home of state Treasurer Lavington Glyde , who often travelled home with fellow politicians Wentworth Cavenagh and Sir Edwin Smith . In 1919, St Matthew's church
8096-462: Was promptly returned. He later (June–July 1840) describes their house, comprising three bedrooms and other features which will make it "the best in the colony". On 31 August 1850, 46 acres (19 ha) were registered in Brunskill's name, with the other 20 acres (8.1 ha) purchased on 25 September 1848 by James Philcox, who laid out the "Village of Marryatville". This followed an announcement in
8188-535: Was renovated, maintaining as many original features as possible. A roll of honour of the World War I war dead was added to a wall, and a new organ was installed in honour of former warden George E. Stevens. In 1923 Sun Street was widened from a 19-foot (5.8 m) lane to a 40-foot (12 m) road, and renamed Hackett Terrace, after the nursery. In 1937, Alfred Traeger , inventor of the pedal radio , moved his workshop to larger premises at 11 Dudley Road, where
8280-648: Was the Dean of Adelaide from 1887 until his death. Marryat was born in London on 26 June 1827, the son of a former slaveholder in the British West Indies , Charles Marryat Sr. of Potter's Bar , Middlesex, who had been compensated part of £34,000 in the 1830s upon the emancipation of slavery, and Caroline Short, sister of Augustus Short , bishop of Adelaide. Marryat was educated at Eton and The Queen's College, Oxford and ordained in 1852. After
8372-410: Was the building of many highways. The Highway Act of 1956 helped to fund the building of 64,000 kilometers across the nation by having 26 billion dollars on hand, which helped to link many more to these shopping centers with ease. These newly built shopping centers, which were often large buildings full of multiple stores, and services, were being used for more than shopping, but as a place of leisure and
8464-496: Was the common condition. Some suburbs had developed around large cities where there was rail transportation to the jobs downtown. However, the real growth in suburbia depended on the availability of automobiles, highways, and inexpensive housing. The population had grown, and the stock of family savings had accumulated the money for down payments, automobiles and appliances. The product was a great housing boom. Whereas an average of 316,000 new non-farm housing units were constructed from
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