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83-406: See text A marten is a weasel -like mammal in the genus Martes within the subfamily Guloninae , in the family Mustelidae . They have bushy tails and large paws with partially retractile claws . The fur varies from yellowish to dark brown, depending on the species; it is valued by animal trappers for the fur trade . Martens are slender, agile animals, which are adapted to living in

166-765: A boundary dispute between Ontario and Manitoba . The region was confirmed as belonging to Ontario by decision of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in 1884, and confirmed by the Canada (Ontario Boundary) Act, 1889 of the Parliament of the United Kingdom , which set the province's new northern boundary at the Albany River . The remaining northernmost portion of the province, from

249-566: A by-election in 2001, and was re-elected in the 2003 and 2007 elections. Former Ontario New Democratic Party leader Howard Hampton and former Ontario Liberal Party leader Lyn McLeod also represented Northern Ontario ridings in the provincial legislature; the six months in 1996 between Hampton's accession to the NDP leadership in June and McLeod's departure as Liberal leader in December marked

332-591: A controversial but now-defunct plan to ship Toronto 's garbage to the Adams Mine , an abandoned open pit mine in Kirkland Lake. In the redistribution of provincial electoral districts before the 2007 election , the province retained the existing electoral district boundaries in Northern Ontario, rather than adjusting them to correspond to federal electoral district boundaries as was done in

415-610: A form of payment in Slavonia , the Croatian Littoral , and Dalmatia . The marturina was a form of tax named after this. The banovac , a coin struck and used between 1235 and 1384, included the image of a marten. This is one of the reasons why the Croatian word for marten, kuna , was the name of the former Croatian currency. A marten is depicted on the obverse of the 1-, 2-, and 5- kuna coins, minted since 1993, and on

498-413: A letter to Prime Minister Jean Chrétien asking him to outline the necessary conditions for the region to secede from Ontario to form a new province. This movement emerged as a reaction to the government of Mike Harris , whose policies were widely unpopular in the region even though Harris himself represented the Northern Ontario riding of Nipissing in the legislature. More recently, some residents of

581-620: A pack of weasels making a rustle resembled six people hulling rice, so was called the "weasel's six-person mortar", and it was an omen for one's home to decline or flourish. It is said that when people chase after this sound, the sound stops. They are also said to shapeshift like the fox ( kitsune ) or tanuki , and the nyūdō-bōzu told about in legends in the Tōhoku region and the Chūbu region are considered weasels in disguise, and they are also said to shapeshift into ōnyūdō and little monks. In

664-541: A second movement emerged following the creation of Alberta and Saskatchewan in 1905. In the 1940s, an organization called the New Province League formed to lobby for the creation of a new territory of "Aurora". In 1966, a committee of mayors from the region, comprising Max Silverman of Sudbury, G. W. Maybury of Kapuskasing, Ernest Reid of Fort William, Leo Del Villano of Timmins, Merle Dickerson of North Bay and Leo Foucault of Espanola, formed to study

747-602: A similar design. The Finnish communications company Nokia derives its name, via the river Nokianvirta , from a type of marten locally known as the nokia . In the Illiad , the fleet-footed spy Dolon wore a marten-pelt cap. The Latin word for helmet, galea , originally meant "marten pelt", although it is unclear whether early Romans wore these helmets for symbolical reasons or for their fine fur. [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Weasel Weasels / ˈ w iː z əl z / are mammals of

830-649: A standalone university in 2022 dually based in Sudbury and Thunder Bay. NOSM has clinical placements throughout Northern Ontario and a special research focus on rural medicine. In 2011, Laurentian University was granted a charter to launch the McEwen School of Architecture in Sudbury, and Lakehead University was granted approval to launch the Bora Laskin Faculty of Law in Thunder Bay. As with

913-541: A variety of cultural meanings. In Greek culture , a weasel near one's house is a sign of bad luck, even evil, "especially if there is in the household a girl about to be married", since the animal (based on its Greek etymology) was thought to be an unhappy bride who was transformed into a weasel and consequently delights in destroying wedding dresses. In Macedonia , however, weasels are generally seen as an omen of good fortune. In early-modern Mecklenburg , Germany, amulets from weasels were deemed to have strong magic;

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996-525: Is a critical term for words or phrasing that are vague, misleading or equivocal. In Japan, weasels ( 鼬、鼬鼠 , itachi ) were seen as yōkai (causing strange occurrences). According to the encyclopedia Wakan Sansai Zue from the Edo period , a pack of weasels would cause conflagrations, and the cry of a weasel was considered a harbinger of misfortune. In the Niigata Prefecture , the sound of

1079-553: Is a phenomenon wherein one who is idle is suddenly injured as if his or her skin were cut by a scythe. In the past, this was thought to be "the deed of an invisible yōkai weasel". An alternate theory, asserts that kamaitachi is derived from kamae Tachi ( 構え太刀 , "stance sword") , so were not originally related to weasels at all. [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Northern Ontario The extended federal and provincial quasi-administrative regions of Northern Ontario have their own boundaries even further south in

1162-478: Is exceptionally popular near James Bay. Group hunting for moose is a favourite social outing. In winter, snowmobiling, ice fishing, outdoor shinny, cross-country skiing, and snowshoeing are popular activities. The region boasts extensive snowmobiling trails and many lakes are dotted with ice hut villages throughout the winter. The region is home to numerous major cultural events, including Sudbury's La Nuit sur l'étang , Northern Lights Festival Boréal and Cinéfest ,

1245-531: Is further subdivided into Northeastern and Northwestern Ontario . When the region is divided in that way, the three westernmost districts ( Rainy River , Kenora and Thunder Bay ) constitute Northwestern Ontario, and the other districts constitute Northeastern Ontario. Northeastern Ontario contains two thirds of Northern Ontario's population. In the early 20th century, Northern Ontario was often called "New Ontario", although that name has fallen into disuse because of its colonial connotations. (In French , however,

1328-490: Is no single regional culinary dish. Fish and wild game, such as walleye (pickerel) and moose , can be considered regional favourites. Roadside chip trucks are popular choices for meals for locals and tourists alike, and almost every community has at least one. Poutine , which originated in Quebec with early adoption in Northern Ontario, is a core dish at these and many other restaurants. Italian cuisine has had an influence on

1411-596: Is not politically part of the District of Sudbury — is the only census division in Northern Ontario where county-level services are offered by a local government rather than the province. A portion of the Nipissing District which lies south of the geographic dividing line between Northern and Southern Ontario is considered administratively and statistically part of Northern Ontario because of its status as part of Nipissing. As well, for administrative purposes,

1494-540: Is populous in the northern Ontario community of Big Trout Lake . During the fur trade, commissioned by the Hudson Bay Company in the 18th and 19th centuries, the marten pelt was typically fashioned into mittens . The marten is still traded locally. The locals place a high value on this pelt, typically trading it for consumable goods. In the Middle Ages , marten pelts were highly valued goods used as

1577-591: Is still based primarily on natural resources and manufacturing. Yet, in the era of government cutbacks, Thunder Bay's economy has been less prone to recession and unemployment. Sudbury trades more readily into Southern Ontario, whereas Thunder Bay has closer trade ties to Manitoba and Minnesota . Under the staples thesis of Canadian economic history, Northern Ontario is a "hinterland" or "periphery" region, whose economic development has been defined primarily by providing raw natural resource materials to larger and more powerful business interests from elsewhere in Canada or

1660-603: Is that a politician who represents a Northern Ontario riding in the House of Commons of Canada or the Legislative Assembly of Ontario must typically maintain a much higher budget for travel and office expenses than one who represents a small urban district does. Ongoing high unemployment , lack of awareness of or concern for Northern Ontario's problems, and difficulties in achieving economic diversification have led to discontent amongst Northern Ontarians; throughout

1743-567: Is the dominant city in Northeastern Ontario, and Thunder Bay is the dominant city in Northwestern Ontario. These two regions are quite distinct from each other economically and culturally, and although the two regions are adjacent, their population centres are quite distant from each other. As a result, Sudbury and Thunder Bay are each the primary city in their part of the region but neither city can be said to outrank

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1826-486: Is the third busiest airport in Ontario after Toronto Pearson International Airport and Ottawa Macdonald–Cartier International Airport , carrying some 600,000 passengers in 2004 with over 100 domestic flights and four international flights daily. Sudbury's economy, in which the largest sectors of employment are government-related fields such as education and health care, is somewhat more diversified than Thunder Bay's, which

1909-559: The 2011 election , the NDP retained nearly all of these seats with the exception of Sault Ste. Marie , where longtime incumbent MP Tony Martin was defeated despite that election's historic increase in NDP support nationwide; in the 2015 election , however, a resurgence of Liberal support under Justin Trudeau resulted in the Liberals regaining all of the region's seats except Timmins-James Bay and Algoma—Manitoulin—Kapuskasing , where

1992-574: The Canada 2021 Census , they are: It is important to note that in the Province of Ontario there are no requirements to become a city and the designation is voluntary. As a result, there are four towns in Northern Ontario that have a larger population than its smallest city Dryden . Until the City of Greater Sudbury was created in 2001, Thunder Bay had a larger population than the old city of Sudbury, but

2075-461: The European mink . The American mink and the extinct sea mink were commonly included in this genus as Mustela vison and Mustela macrodon , respectively, but in 1999 they were moved to the genus Neovison . In 2021, both Neovison species, along with the long-tailed weasel ( Mustela frenata ), Amazon weasel ( Mustela africana ) and Colombian weasel ( Mustela felipei ) were moved to

2158-746: The Festival of the Sound in Parry Sound and the Red Rock Folk Festival in Red Rock. Many communities host festivals celebrating local ethnic groups such as French, Métis, First Nations, Finnish, and Italian. Other communities have celebrations of unique local heritage such as Kapuskasing's Lumberjack Days, Mattawa's Voyageur Days, Sioux Lookout's Blueberry Festival, Elliot Lake's Uranium Heritage Days, and Red Lake's Norseman Festival. Even

2241-703: The Holocene , is now considered synonymous with the American marten. The Modern English "marten" comes from the Middle English martryn , in turn borrowed from the Anglo-French martrine and Old French martre , itself from a Germanic source; cf. Old English mearþ , Old Norse mörðr , and Old High German and Yiddish מאַרדאַר mardar . marten (n.) agile, short-legged, bushy-tailed, medium-sized carnivorous mammal in

2324-614: The Legislative Assembly of Ontario . However, Harris himself was the only Conservative candidate elected in a true Northern Ontario riding in either the 1995 or 1999 elections (if the definition of Northern Ontario includes the Parry Sound District, then Harris was joined by Ernie Eves in Parry Sound—Muskoka). Following Eves' retirement from politics, Norm Miller was also elected in Parry Sound—Muskoka in

2407-531: The Liberal Party has traditionally taken the majority of the region's seats at both the federal and provincial levels. The New Democrats also have a significant base of support, thanks to Northern Ontario's history of labour unionism , support from First Nations communities, and the personal popularity of local NDP figures. Two Premiers of Ontario , William Hearst (1914–1919) and Mike Harris (1995–2002), represented Northern Ontario constituencies in

2490-580: The Ministry of Northern Development and Mines (whose head office is in Greater Sudbury). As well, many of Northern Ontario's major tourist attractions (e.g. Science North , Dynamic Earth , the Sault Locks , etc.) are agencies of the provincial or federal governments. Further, much of the funding available for economic development in Northern Ontario comes from government initiatives such as

2573-605: The Province of Canada between 1840 and 1867. At the time of Canadian Confederation in 1867, the portion of Northern Ontario lying south of the Laurentian Divide was part of Ontario, whilst the portion north of the divide was part of the separate British territory of Rupert's Land . The province's boundaries were provisionally expanded northward and westward in 1874, whilst the Lake of the Woods region remained subject to

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2656-502: The Regional Municipality of Sudbury was the larger Census Metropolitan Area as Sudbury had a much more populous suburban belt (including the city of Valley East , formerly the region's sixth-largest city.) However, as the former Regional Municipality of Sudbury is now governed as a single city, it is both the region's largest city and the region's largest CMA. Other municipalities in Northern Ontario include: Sudbury

2739-679: The Senboku District , Akita Prefecture , and there are also the ichiko ( itako ) that use them." Also, in the Kitaakita District , they are called mōsuke (猛助), and they are feared as yōkai even more than foxes ( kitsune ). In the Ainu language , ermines are called upas-čironnup or sáčiri , but since least weasels are also called sáčiri , Mashio Chiri surmised that the honorary title poy-sáčiri-kamuy (where poy means "small") refers to least weasels. Kamaitachi

2822-529: The Tōhoku Region and Shinshu , it was believed that there were families that were able to use a certain practice to freely use kudagitsune as iizuna-tsukai or kitsune-mochi . It is said that Mount Iizuna , from the Nagano Prefecture , got its name due to how the gods gave people mastery of this technique from there. According to the folklorist Mutō Tetsujō , "They are called izuna in

2905-759: The Université de Hearst in Hearst, Kapuskasing and Timmins. All except Lakehead began as federated schools of Laurentian University, before being rechartered as independent universities at different times. The region also has six colleges: Confederation College in Thunder Bay, Sault College in Sault Ste. Marie, Northern College in Timmins, Canadore College in North Bay, and the anglophone Cambrian College and francophone Collège Boréal in Sudbury. Several of

2988-454: The genus Mustela of the family Mustelidae . The genus Mustela includes the least weasels , polecats , stoats , ferrets , and European mink . Members of this genus are small, active predators, with long and slender bodies and short legs. The family Mustelidae, or mustelids (which also includes badgers , otters , and wolverines ), is often referred to as the "weasel family". In the UK,

3071-843: The taiga , and inhabit coniferous and northern deciduous forests across the Northern Hemisphere . Results of DNA research indicate that the genus Martes is paraphyletic , with some studies placing Martes americana outside the genus and allying it with Eira and Gulo , to form a new New World clade . The genus first evolved up to seven million years ago during the Miocene epoch. [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Several fossil martens have been described, including: Another described fossil species, Martes nobilis from

3154-561: The 2010s calling on the province to create a new level of supraregional government that would give the Northern Ontario region significantly more autonomy over its own affairs within the province. In the 2013 Ontario Liberal Party leadership race , candidate Glen Murray similarly proposed a distinct level of supraregional government for Northern Ontario. The region is home to five universities: Lakehead University in Thunder Bay, Laurentian University in Sudbury, Nipissing University in North Bay, Algoma University in Sault Ste. Marie, and

3237-739: The Albany River to Hudson Bay , was transferred to the province from the Northwest Territories by the Parliament of Canada in the Ontario Boundaries Extension Act, 1912. This region was originally established as the District of Patricia , but was merged into the Kenora District in 1937. The Province of Canada began creating judicial districts in sparsely populated Northern Ontario with

3320-547: The NDP incumbents were successfully re-elected. Major political issues in recent years have included the economic health of the region, the extension of Highway 400 from Parry Sound to Sudbury, issues pertaining to the quality and availability of health care services, mining development in the Ring of Fire region around McFaulds Lake, the closure of Ontario Northland , the Algo Centre Mall roof collapse of 2012, and

3403-518: The Northern Ontario School of Medicine, each was the first school of its type ever established in the region, as well as the first new school of its type launched in Ontario since the 1960s. Outdoor recreation is popular in the region year-round. In summer, fishing, boating, canoeing, ATVing, and camping are enjoyed by residents. Hunting remains popular in autumn, especially for moose, whitetail deer, and grouse, although goose hunting

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3486-419: The Ontario forest industry, and the perceived inaction by the provincial government, has in particular spurred support for the idea of secession. In particular, many residents feel that the industrial energy rate is too high to allow the industry to remain competitive. While also stopping short of advocating for full independence, Sudbury's Northern Life community newspaper published a number of editorials in

3569-511: The animal itself typically was called marter, directly from Old French martre, but martrin took over this sense in English after c. 1400. The form marten is from late 16c., perhaps due to association with the masc. proper name Martin. Martens are solitary animals , meeting only to breed in late spring or early summer. Litters of up to five blind and nearly hairless kits are born in early spring. They are weaned after around two months, and leave

3652-651: The appointment of Thomas Farquhar to the Senate of Canada . In the 2008 federal election , the New Democratic Party won nearly every seat in the region, with the exception of Nipissing—Timiskaming , which was retained by its Liberal incumbent Anthony Rota , and Kenora , which was won by Conservative Greg Rickford . This sweep included several seats which were formerly seen as Liberal strongholds, including Sudbury , Algoma—Manitoulin—Kapuskasing , Thunder Bay—Rainy River and Thunder Bay—Superior North . In

3735-526: The area, forming joint ventures. While still in the exploration phase, there have been some exciting finds that could bring prosperity to the region and the First Nations communities in that area. New mining sites have also been investigated and explored in Sudbury, Timmins, Kirkland Lake, Elliot Lake and the Temagami area. In Chapleau , Probe Mines Limited is in the advanced stage of exploration and

3818-561: The city of Kenora have called for the city or the wider region to secede from Ontario and join Manitoba . A few residents throughout the region continue to suggest splitting all or part of the region into a separate province. The latter movement, known as the Northern Ontario Secession Movement, has begun to attract attention and support; most notably by the mayors of Kenora and Fort Frances. The crisis in

3901-499: The collection of depictions Gazu Hyakki Yagyō by Sekien Toriyama , they were depicted under the title 鼬, but they were read not as " itachi ", but rather as " ten ", and "ten" were considered to be weasels that have reached one hundred years of age and became yōkai that possessed supernatural powers. Another theory is that when weasels reach several hundred years of age, they become mujina ( Japanese badgers ). In Japanese, weasels are called iizuna or izuna ( 飯綱 ) and in

3984-401: The colleges also have satellite campuses in smaller Northern Ontario communities. A large distance education network, Contact North , also operates from Sudbury and Thunder Bay to provide educational services to small and remote Northern Ontario communities. The Northern Ontario School of Medicine opened in 2005. Initially a joint faculty of Laurentian and Lakehead universities, it became

4067-468: The culture of Northeastern Ontario, with porchetta considered a culinary signature of Sudbury and Sault Ste. Marie, while Thunder Bay's food culture is distinctively Finnish, with the Hoito restaurant known internationally for its Finnish-style pancakes and other traditional Finnish dishes. Chinese Canadian restaurants have been common in every city and many smaller settlements in Northern Ontario since

4150-473: The district of Muskoka. The statistical region has a land area of 806,000 km (311,000 sq mi) and constitutes 88 percent of the land area of Ontario, but with just 780,000 people, it contains only about six percent of the province's population. The climate is characterized by extremes of temperature, with very cold winters and hot summers. The principal industries are mining , forestry , and hydroelectricity . For some purposes, Northern Ontario

4233-558: The districts of Muskoka and Parry Sound are sometimes treated as part of Northern Ontario even though they are geographically in Southern or Central Ontario . In 2004, finance minister Greg Sorbara removed Muskoka from the jurisdictional area of the Ministry of Northern Development and Mines and the Northern Ontario Heritage Fund , to which it had been added in 2000 by his predecessor Ernie Eves , but

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4316-453: The early 20th century, satisfying "the ubiquitous Northern demand for Chinese food," albeit often heavily Westernized. Although maple syrup is not produced in most of Northern Ontario, it is still made in some areas near North Bay, Sudbury, Manitoulin Island, and Sault Ste. Marie. St. Joseph Island near Sault Ste. Marie is noted for the large quantity of maple syrup produced there. Since

4399-556: The establishment of Algoma District and Nipissing District in 1858. These districts had no municipal function; they were created for the provision of judicial and administrative services from the district seat . Nipissing had no district seat until 1895. Up until that date, registry office and higher court services were available at Pembroke in Renfrew County. Nipissing Stipendiary Magistrate and land registrar William Doran established his residence at North Bay in 1885. Following

4482-567: The feasibility of Northern Ontario forming a new province. In the late 1970s, North Bay businessman and city councillor Ed Deibel formed the Northern Ontario Heritage Party to lobby for the formation of a separate province of Northern Ontario. The party attracted only modest support and folded in 1984, but was reestablished in 2010. Both the party's original and revived forms have varied their platforms at different times, sometimes advocating for full independence of

4565-512: The federal government's Federal Economic Development Initiative for Northern Ontario (FedNor) and the provincial Northern Ontario Heritage Fund . Over the past several years, there has been a renewed interest in mining exploration. McFaulds Lake in the James Bay Lowlands has attracted the attention of junior mining exploration companies. Since the 2003 investigation of the area for diamonds, some 20 companies have staked claims in

4648-415: The first and only time in Ontario's history that all three parties in the legislature were simultaneously led by Northern Ontario MPPs. The riding of Algoma East was represented federally by Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson from 1948 to 1968. Pearson was not from the district, however, but represented the district because it had been chosen as a safe seat for him to run in a 1948 by-election following

4731-667: The genus Neogale , as the clade containing these five species was found to be fully distinct from Mustela . The genus name Mustela comes from the Latin word for weasel combining the words mus meaning "mouse" and telum meaning "javelin" for its long body. The following information is according to the Integrated Taxonomic Information System and MammalDiversity . Worldwide (domesticated); New Zealand (non-native) Europe and Northern Asia division excludes China. Weasels have been assigned

4814-399: The genus. However, in technical discourse and in American usage, the term "weasel" can refer to any member of the genus, the genus as a whole, and even to members of the related genus Neogale . Of the 16 extant species currently classified in the genus Mustela , 10 have "weasel" in their common names. Among those that do not are the three species of ermine, the polecats , the ferret , and

4897-416: The hotly contested district town election in 1895, North Bay earned the right to become the district seat in the new Provisional District of Nipissing. After the creation of the province of Ontario in 1867, the first district to be established was Thunder Bay in 1871 which until then had formed part of Algoma District. The Ontario government was reluctant to establish new districts in the north, partly because

4980-400: The marten," Old Frisian merth, Middle Dutch maerter, Dutch marter, Old High German mardar, German Marder, Old English mearþ, Old Norse mörðr "marten"). The ultimate etymology is unknown. Some suggest it is from PIE *martu- "bride," on some fancied resemblance. Or it might be a substrate word or a Germanic euphemism for the real name of the animal, which might have been taboo. In Middle English

5063-590: The mother to fend for themselves at about three to four months of age. They are omnivorous . The stone marten and the pine marten segregate spatially where they occur in sympatry . This spatial niche segregation is due to the differences regarding their food preferences, adaptability to cold climates and avoidance of predators. The spatial niche segregation between stone and pine martens is also influenced by each species' habitat preferences and resource availability within specific ecosystems. Studies in Belarus show that

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5146-567: The northern and western boundaries of Ontario were in dispute after Confederation . Ontario's right to Northwestern Ontario was determined by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in 1884 and confirmed by the Canada (Ontario Boundary) Act, 1889 of the Parliament of the United Kingdom . By 1899 there were seven northern districts: Algoma, Manitoulin, Muskoka, Nipissing, Parry Sound, Rainy River, and Thunder Bay. Five more northern districts were created between 1907 and 1922: Cochrane, Kenora, Sudbury, Temiskaming and Patricia. The Patricia District

5229-453: The other as the principal economic centre of Northern Ontario as a whole. In fact, each city has a couple of distinct advantages that the other city lacks — Sudbury is at the centre of a larger economic sphere due to the city's, and Northeastern Ontario's, larger population but Thunder Bay is advantaged by air, rail and shipping traffic due to its prime location along major continental transportation routes. The Thunder Bay International Airport

5312-605: The other hand, eat large numbers of rodents . Their range spans Europe , North America , much of Asia and South America , and small areas in North Africa . The English word "weasel" was originally applied to one species of the genus , the European form of the least weasel ( Mustela nivalis ). This usage is retained in British English , where the name is also extended to cover several other small species of

5395-456: The period between 15 August and 8 September was specifically designated for the killing of weasels. In Montagne Noire (France), Ruthenia , and the early medieval culture of the Wends , weasels were not meant to be killed. According to Daniel Defoe also, meeting a weasel is a bad omen. In English-speaking areas, weasel can be an insult, noun or verb, for someone regarded as sneaky, conniving or untrustworthy. Similarly, " weasel words "

5478-540: The pine marten is are more densely distributed in clay-rich, biodiverse woodlands, whereas the stone marten is adapted to habitats with greater resource limitations, such as sandy soils, where it relies more on seasonally available resources such as berries and carrion to meet its dietary needs.​ In Ireland and Italy, the pine marten displays seasonal stability in home ranges within well-resourced habitats, suggesting that resource abundance can enhance spatial exclusivity and reduce direct competition between species​.. The marten

5561-424: The province continues to treat Parry Sound as a Northern Ontario division under both programs. The federal government continues to retain both more southerly districts in the service area of FedNor . All of Northeastern Ontario is within the Eastern (UTC −5) time zone ; Northwestern Ontario is split between the Eastern and Central (UTC −6) time zones. Northern Ontario has nine cities. In order of population as of

5644-401: The provincial government. For example, districts have provincially maintained secondary highways instead of county roads . Statistically, the districts in Northern Ontario (which appear in red on the location map) are Rainy River , Kenora , Thunder Bay , Cochrane , Timiskaming , Algoma , Sudbury , Nipissing and Manitoulin . The single-tier municipality of Greater Sudbury — which

5727-453: The region and other times lobbying for measures to increase the region's power over its own affairs within the province, including increasing the number of Northern Ontario electoral districts in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario and the creation of a special district for the region's First Nations voters. In 1999 the Northeastern Ontario Municipal Association, a committee consisting of the mayors of 14 Northern Ontario municipalities, wrote

5810-454: The region are almost all extremely large geographically. The federal electoral district of Sudbury and the provincial electoral districts of Sudbury and Sault Ste. Marie are the only ones that are comparable in size to an electoral district in Southern Ontario, while at the other extreme the districts of Kiiwetinoong and Mushkegowuk—James Bay are both geographically larger than the entire United Kingdom . One consequence of this, for example,

5893-413: The region are resource-based economies, whose economic health is very dependent on "boom and bust" resource cycles. Mining and forestry are the two major industries in the region, although manufacturing , transportation , public services and tourism are represented as well. After 2001, the major cities returned to patterns of modest growth in the censuses of 2006, 2011, 2016 and 2021, although many of

5976-638: The region may still be referred to as Nouvel-Ontario , although le Nord de l'Ontario and Ontario-Nord are now more commonly used.) Those areas which formed part of New France in the Pays d'en Haut , essentially the watersheds of the Ottawa River , Lake Huron and Lake Superior , had been acquired by the British by the Treaty of Paris (1763) and became part of Upper Canada in 1791, and then

6059-559: The region's history, there have been various movements proposing that the region secede from Ontario to form its own separate province or territory within Canada. The first to raise the issue of secession was Simon James Dawson in 1875, then the representative of the Algoma district in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. Then, a movement emerged in Sudbury in the 1890s, when the provincial government began taxing mines;

6142-537: The reverse of the 25-kuna commemorative coins . With adoption of euro as the national currency in 2023, a marten continues to be depicted on the obverse of the Croatian 1 euro coin . A running marten is shown on the coat of arms of Slavonia and subsequently on the modern design of the coat of arms of Croatia . The official seal of the Croatian Parliament from 1497 until the late 18th century had

6225-481: The smaller towns saw further declines. The cities have, by and large, been very dependent on government-related employment and investment for their economic diversification. The Liberal government of David Peterson in the 1980s moved several provincial agencies and ministries to Northern Ontario, including the Ontario Lottery and Gaming Corporation (which maintains a large office in Sault Ste. Marie) and

6308-632: The smallest First Nations in the region will have an annual pow wow, which bring in many people from outside the community as well, although by far the largest and most famous powwow in the region is held in Wiikwemkoong on Manitoulin Island. In winter, many towns will host a winter carnival celebrating the cold weather; the largest of these is Sault Ste. Marie's Bon Soo Winter Carnival . As of 2017, LGBT pride events take place in Sudbury ( Sudbury Pride ), Thunder Bay ( Thunder Pride ), Sault Ste. Marie, North Bay, Timmins, Elliot Lake and Kenora. There

6391-474: The southern part of the province. Without this change, the region would have lost one Member of Provincial Parliament . For the 2018 election , the province further diverged from the federal electoral districts in the region, creating the special districts of Kiiwetinoong and Mushkegowuk—James Bay to accommodate the unique political concerns of the rural far north. Due to the region's relatively sparse population, federal and provincial electoral districts in

6474-773: The term "weasel" usually refers to the smallest species , the least weasel ( M. nivalis ), the smallest carnivoran species. Least weasels vary in length from 173 to 217 mm ( 6 + 3 ⁄ 4 to 8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in), females being smaller than the males, and usually have red or brown upper coats and white bellies; some populations of some species moult to a wholly white coat in winter. They have long, slender bodies, which enable them to follow their prey into burrows. Their tails may be from 34 to 52 mm ( 1 + 1 ⁄ 4 to 2 in) long. Weasels feed on small mammals and have from time to time been considered vermin because some species took poultry from farms or rabbits from commercial warrens. They do, on

6557-595: The transitional area that vary according to their respective government policies and requirements. Ontario government departments and agencies such as the Growth Plan for Northern Ontario and the Northern Ontario Heritage Fund Corporation define Northern Ontario as all areas north of, and including, the districts of Parry Sound and Nipissing for political purposes, and the federal but not the provincial government also includes

6640-436: The weasel family, largely nocturnal and found in forests across the colder parts of the northern hemisphere, c.  1300 , martrin, "skin or fur of the marten," from Old French martrine "marten fur," noun use of fem. adjective martrin "of or pertaining to the marten," from martre "marten," from Frankish *martar or some other Germanic source, from Proto-Germanic *marthuz (source also of Old Saxon marthrin "of or pertaining to

6723-494: The world. Northern Ontario has had difficulty in recent years maintaining both its economy and its population. All of the region's cities declined in population between the censuses of 1996 and 2001. (This coincides with the discontinuation of the operation of the subsidized government airline norOntair in March 1996.) Although the cities have tried with mixed results to diversify their economies in recent years, most communities in

6806-509: Was recognized in 2013 with the Ontario Prospectors Association 2013 Ontario Prospector Award. Northern Ontario has generally been one of the weakest areas in all of Canada for both the federal Progressive Conservative and Conservative parties, as well as one of the weakest areas for the provincial Progressive Conservatives . Instead, partly due to the region's significant dependence on government investment ,

6889-478: Was then merged into the Kenora District in 1927. Unlike the counties and regional municipalities of Southern Ontario , which have a government and administrative structure and jurisdiction over specified government services, a district lacks that level of administration. Districts are too sparsely populated to maintain a county government system, so many district-based services are provided directly by

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