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55-540: Important towns of the region are Neubrandenburg , Neustrelitz , Waren , Röbel , Teterow , Malchow , Mirow and Plau am See . The Mecklenburg Lake District is situated in the central and southern part of the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania , mostly in historical region of Mecklenburg . In the south it crosses the border of the state Brandenburg . Hence it is also known as the Mecklenburg-Brandenburg Lake District . Like

110-686: A density of Gothic brick architecture as high as in the regions near the southern coast of the Baltic Sea. The central and southern regions of Poland also had some important early stone buildings, especially the famous round churches. Many of these buildings were later enlarged or replaced using brick in a Gothic style. Especially in Flanders , the Netherlands, the lower Rhine region, Lesser Poland and Upper Silesia , Brick Gothic buildings often, but not alway, have some elements of stone ashlar. In

165-496: A multi purpose stadium that existed from 1949 to circa 1996. It hosted football and motorcycle speedway and held qualifying rounds of the Speedway World Championship in 1964 and 1965. The current mayor of Neubrandenburg is independent politician Silvio Witt since 2015. The most recent mayoral election was held on 16 January 2022, and the results were as follows: The most recent city council election

220-505: A natural habitat for numerous plants and animals, including endangered species. The lakeland was already settled around 10,000 BC by huntsmen and fishermen. From 4,000 BC the first farming communities were established, leaving behind megalithic tombs . In the 4th and 5th centuries, the Germanic settlers of the region migrated south and were replaced from the 7th century by West Slavs (historically known as Wends ), who intermingled with

275-478: A time when ordinary people lived very locally based lives, the groups responsible for these buildings were internationally mobile: the bishops, abbots, aristocrats, and long-distance merchants who commissioned the work, and the highly skilled specialist craftsmen who carried it out. For this reason the Brick Gothic of the countries around the Baltic Sea was strongly influenced by the cathedrals of France and by

330-690: A trade centre until the Thirty Years' War (1618–48), when this position was lost due to incessant warfare. During the dramatic advance of the Swedish army of Gustavus Adolphus into Germany, the city was garrisoned by Swedes, but it was retaken by Imperial Catholic League forces in 1631. During this campaign, it was widely reported that the Catholic forces killed many of the Swedish and Scottish soldiers while they were surrendering. Later, according to

385-582: Is a city in the southeast of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern , Germany . It is located on the shore of a lake called Tollensesee and forms the urban centre of the Mecklenburg Lakeland . The city is famous for its rich medieval heritage of Brick Gothic architecture, including the world's best preserved defensive wall of this style as well as a Concert Church (Saint Mary), the home venue of the Neubrandenburg Philharmonic. It

440-548: Is a specific style of Gothic architecture developed in the south of France. It arose in the early 13th century following the victory of the Catholic church over the Cathars , as the church sought to re-establish its authority in the region. As a result, church buildings typically present features drawn from military architecture. The construction material of Southern French Gothic is typically brick rather than stone. Over time,

495-437: Is an economical node of northeastern Germany, featuring one of the highest national ranks in employment density and GDP per capita . The closest greater urban areas are the regiopolis of Rostock and the metropolises of Szczecin , Berlin and Hamburg . Since 1991, Neubrandenburg has hosted a University of Applied Sciences that offers international exchanges, guest programs and study programs. The first Christian monks in

550-638: Is found in some of the Gothic buildings of northern Italy, where these highly sophisticated techniques had originally come from, having been developed in the Lombard Romanesque period. There, such brick decorations can even be found on buildings which had been mainly erected in ashlar . Some Italian Gothic brick buildings also have friezes of terracotta . While in central northern Germany and in Greater Poland suitable natural building stone

605-522: Is not exclusively the case. None of these buildings is exactly the same today as in the Middle Ages. For instance, many of them have had alterations in a Baroque style and have then been re-gothicized in the 19th century (or reconstructed after World War II). Especially in the 19th century, some buildings were purified during restoration. In the city halls of Lübeck and Stralsund, medieval window framings of stone were replaced by new ones of brick. At

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660-630: Is part of the European Route of Brick Gothic , a route which leads through seven countries along the Baltic Sea coast. Neubrandenburg is nicknamed for its four medieval city gates - "Stadt der Vier Tore" ("City of Four Gates"). Since 2011, Neubrandenburg has been the capital of the Mecklenburgische Seenplatte district. It is the third-largest city and one of the main urban centres of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. The city

715-632: Is the Stargarder Tor (pictured), with its characteristic gable-like shape and the filigree tracery and rosettes on the outer defence side. Another place of interest is the Brick Gothic Marienkirche (Church of the Virgin Mary or St. Mary's Church, Konzertkirche ), completed 1298. The church was nearly destroyed in 1945, but it was restored in 1975 and now houses a concert hall (opened 2001). The tallest highrise in

770-406: Is the creative subdivision and structuring of walls, using built ornaments to contrast between red bricks, glazed bricks and white lime plaster. Nevertheless, these characteristics are neither omnipresent nor exclusive. Many historic structures and districts dominated by Brick Gothic have been listed as UNESCO World Heritage sites . The real extent and the real variety of this brick architecture

825-622: Is yet to be fully distinguished from the views published in the late 19th and early 20th century, especially the years around the end of World War I, when the style was politically instrumentalized. Indeed, about a quarter of medieval Gothic brick architecture is standing in the Netherlands , in Flanders and in French Flanders . Some of these buildings are in a combination of brick and stone. The towers of St Mary's church in Lübeck,

880-907: The Northern European Lowlands . Since the German part of that region (the Northern German Plain, except Westphalia and the Rhineland ) is largely concurrent with the area influenced by the Hanseatic League , Brick Gothic has become a symbol of that powerful alliance of cities. Along with the Low German Language , it forms a major defining element of the Northern German cultural area , especially in regard to late city foundations and

935-725: The Pomeranian and Masurian lake plateaux , the Mecklenburg Lake District was formed about 12,000 years ago from the glacial meltwater valleys ( urstromtäler ) and sandar of the last ice age . The main terminal moraine of the Pomeranian stage of the Weichselian, the ridge that runs from Eberswalde-Chorin through Feldberg , Mecklenburg Switzerland to the Kühlung ridge near Kühlungsborn , borders

990-537: The Romanesque architecture period. Wooden architecture had long dominated in northern Germany but was inadequate for the construction of monumental structures. Throughout the area of Brick Gothic, half-timbered architecture remained typical for smaller buildings, especially in rural areas, well into modern times . The techniques of building and decorating in bricks were imported from Lombardy . Also some decorative forms of Lombard architecture were adopted. In

1045-580: The gothique tournaisien or Scheldt Gothic of the County of Flanders (where also some important Brick Gothic was erected). One typical expression of the structure of walls, the contrast of prominent visible brick with the plastering of recessed areas, had already been developed in Italy, but became prevalent in the Baltic region. Since the bricks used were made of clay , available in copious quantities in

1100-465: The Gothic brick towers of the churches of Wismar and of St. Nicholas' Church in Stralsund , stone is not used for structural reasons but to provide a contrast of colours. At St. Mary's of Gdańsk , all five lateral portals and some simple but long cornices are of ashlar. Brick architecture is found primarily in areas that lack sufficient natural supplies of building stone . This is the case across

1155-851: The Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Koszalin , Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Kołobrzeg and Church of Our Lady in Sławno and city halls in Stralsund , Szczecin ( Old Town Hall ) and Kamień Pomorski . The most important defensive systems were located in Szczecin and Dąbie (present district of the city of Szczecin) , Pyrzyce , Usedom , Greifswald , Anklam and Stargard with

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1210-582: The Lower Rhine have more in common with the Dutch Gothic than with the northern German one. In Bavaria, there is a significant number of Gothic brick buildings, some in places without quarries, like Munich , and some in places, where natural stone was available as well, such as Donauwörth . Several of these buildings have both decorations of shaped bricks and of ashlar, often tuff . Also the walls of some buildings are all brick, but in some buildings

1265-456: The Netherlands it was mostly tufa , in Denmark old squared granite and new limestone . On the other hand, in many regions regarded as typical for Brick Gothic, boulders were cheaper than brick, and therefore many buildings were erected using boulders, and only decorated by brick, all through the period of Gothic architecture. Brick building became prevalent in the 12th century, still within

1320-614: The Northern German Plain, they quickly became the normal replacement for building stone. The so-called monastic format became the standard for bricks used in representative buildings. Its bricks measure circa 28 x 15 x 9 cm to 30 x 14 x 10 cm, with mortar joints of about 1.5 cm. In contrast to hewn-stone Gothic, the bricks and shaped bricks were not produced locally by lodges ( Bauhütten ), but by specialised enterprises off-site. The use of shaped bricks for tracery and friezes also can be found in some buildings of northwestern Gothic brick architecture. Masterly use of these elements

1375-956: The Pomeranian Dukes in Darłowo , remnants of Löcknitz Castle , St. Nicholas collegial church in Greifswald , St. Nicholas' Church in Stralsund , St. Mary's Church in Stralsund , St. Mary and St. Nicholas churches in Anklam , St. Mary's Church in Stargard , St. Nicholas Church in Wolin , St. Peter's Church in Wolgast , Cathedral Basilica of St. James the Apostle in Szczecin , Cathedral of

1430-702: The Scottish soldier of fortune Robert Munro, 18th Baron of Foulis , when the Swedes themselves adopted a "no prisoners" policy, they would cut short any pleas for mercy with the cry of "New Brandenburg!". The city, therefore, played an unconscious role in the escalation of brutality of one of history's most brutal wars. During the Second World War , two German prisoner-of-war camps for Allied POWs of various nationalities were located in Fünfeichen within

1485-615: The Slavs and the foundation of dioceses at Ratzeburg , Schwerin, Cammin , Brandenburg and elsewhere. The newly founded cities soon joined the Hanseatic League and formed the " Wendic Circle", with its centre at Lübeck, and the " Gotland - Livland Circle", with its main centre at Tallinn (Reval). The affluent trading cities of the Hansa were characterised especially by religious and secular representative architecture, such as council or parish churches , town halls , Bürgerhäuser , i.e.

1540-538: The area were Premonstratensian in Broda Abbey, a monastery at the shore (about 1240). The foundation of the city known as of Neubrandenburg took place in 1248, when the Margrave of Brandenburg decided to build a settlement in the northern part of his fief, naming it after the older city of Brandenburg further south. In 1292, the city and the surrounding area became part of Mecklenburg . The city flourished as

1595-645: The areas dominated by the Welfs , the use of brick to replace natural stone began with cathedrals and parish churches at Oldenburg (Holstein) , Segeberg , Ratzeburg , and Lübeck . Henry the Lion laid the foundation stone of the Cathedral in 1173. In the Margraviate of Brandenburg , the lack of natural stone and the distance to the Baltic Sea (which, like the rivers, could be used for transporting heavy loads) made

1650-697: The areas of colonisation north and east of the Elbe . In the Middle Ages and Early Modern Period , that cultural area extended throughout the southern part of the Baltic region and had a major influence on Scandinavia . The southernmost Brick Gothic structure in Germany is the Bergkirche (mountain church) of Altenburg in Thuringia . In the northwest, especially along Weser and Elbe , sandstone from

1705-715: The base of the wall is of stone. Most of the churches share a common distinctive Bavarian Brick Gothic style. The Frauenkirche of Munich is the largest (gothic and totally) brick church north of the Alps . Examples include St. Martin's and two other churches at Landshut and the Herzogsburg (Duke's Castle) in Dingolfing . Brick Gothic in Poland is sometimes described as belonging to the Polish Gothic style. Though,

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1760-712: The city is the 56m Haus der Kultur und Bildung (HKB, House of Culture & Education), opened in 1965. Its slender appearance has earned it the nickname Kulturfinger ("culture finger"). Other attractions include Neubrandenburg Regional Museum . Neubrandenburg is known as city of sports ( Sportstadt ). The city is famous for being home to various Olympic medal winners and talents in sports, especially in canoeing ( Andreas Dittmer , Martin Hollstein ), discus throwing and shotputting ( Astrid Kumbernuss , Ralf Bartels , Franka Dietzsch ) and running ( Katrin Krabbe ). Neubrandenburg

1815-556: The city limits: the large Stalag II-A and the adjacent Oflag II-E/67 for officers. The town was also the location of a forced labour camp for Sinti and Romani people . In 1945, few days before the end of the Second World War, 80% of the old town was burned down by the Red Army in a great fire, and about 600 people committed suicide as a result. Since then, most buildings of historical relevance have been rebuilt. After

1870-471: The core building material used to erect walls and cap ceilings. This limited use of stone, as a supplementary building material, was most prevalent in Lesser Poland and was made possible by an abundance of limestone in the region—further north in the regions of Greater Poland , Silesia , Mazovia , and Pomerania the use of stone was virtually nonexistent. Much of the coast of the Baltic Sea in

1925-501: The lakeland to the north. The lakeland can be roughly divided as follows: On Brandenburg territory the lakeland continues into the Uckermark and Rheinsberg Lake Region . The area in and around the Mecklenburg Lake District is partly hilly but mostly flat, sparsely populated and mainly covered by forests, lakes and marshes. The lakes themselves are popular for recreation, boating, fishing and several water sport activities. They are

1980-627: The latter's style and repertoire into the new material. The decorative techniques to suit the new material were imported form northern Italy, where they had been developed as part of the Lombard Style . Among these techniques was the use of moulded brick to realize delicate ornament. Brick Gothic drew on Romanesque building (in stone and in brick) of its region, but in its core area Romanesque stone buildings were rare and often humble In character. In most regions of Brick Gothic, boulders were available and cheaper than brick. In some regions, cut stone

2035-636: The most significant Brick Gothic church of the Baltic Sea region, have corners of granite ashlar. Many village churches in northern Germany and Poland have a Brick Gothic design despite the main constituent of their walls being boulders. In contrast to other styles, the definition of Brick Gothic is based on the material (brick), and a geographical area (countries around the Baltic Sea ). In addition, there are more remote regions with brick buildings bearing characteristics of this architectural style further south, east and west—these include Bavaria , and western Ukraine and Belarus , along with eastern England and

2090-568: The mountains of Central Germany could be transported with relative ease. This resulted in a synthesis of the styles from east of the Elbe with the architectural traditions of the Rhineland. Here, bricks were mainly used for wall areas, while sandstone was employed for plastic detail. Since the brick has no aesthetic function per se in this style, most of the northwest German structures are not part of Brick Gothic proper. The Gothic brick buildings near

2145-680: The need for alternative materials more pressing. Brick architecture here started with the Cathedral of Brandenburg , begun in 1165 under Albert the Bear . Jerichow Monastery (then a part of the Archbishopric of Magdeburg ), where construction started as early as 1149, was a key influence on Brick Gothic in Brandenburg. Romanesque brick architecture remained closely connected with contemporary stone architecture and often simply translated

2200-499: The period from the 12th century to 1637 belonged to the Griffins' Duchy of Pomerania . Nowadays its territory is divided into two parts—middle and eastern in Poland and westernmost in Germany. The most outstanding Gothic monuments in this area are Romanesque-Gothic Cathedral of St. John the Baptist in Kamień Pomorski , Cistercian abbey in Kołbacz , ruins of Jasienica Abbey in Police , ruins of Eldena Abbey (a Danish foundation) in Greifswald , St. Mary's Church in Usedom , Castle of

2255-426: The population that had stayed behind. From the 12th century, the influence of German settlers increased. For a few years the area was a member of the European Geoparks Network and the Global Network of National Geoparks but as at 2011 it no longer possesses that status. The designated natural regions in the Mecklenburg Lake District are the Müritz National Park , with Germany's second-largest lake, as well as

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2310-409: The private dwellings of rich traders, or city gates . In rural areas, the monastic architecture of monks' orders had a major influence on the development of brick architecture, especially through the Cistercians and Premonstratensians . Between Prussia and Estonia , the Teutonic Knights secured their rule by erecting numerous Ordensburgen (castles), most of which were also brick-built. In

2365-407: The regions along the southern coast of the Baltic Sea, the use of brick arrived almost at the same time as the art of masonry. But in Denmark , especially Jutland , in the Frisian regions, in present-day Netherlands and in the Lower Rhine region, many high-quality medieval stone buildings were built before the first medieval brick was burnt there. Nevertheless, these regions eventually developed

2420-541: The regions in and around the Baltic Sea , which do not have resources of standing rock (though glacial boulders are sometimes available). The buildings are essentially built using bricks . Buildings classified as Brick Gothic (using a strict definition of the architectural style based on the geographic location) are found in Belgium (and the very north of France ), Netherlands , Germany , Poland , Lithuania , Latvia , Estonia , Kaliningrad (former East Prussia ), Switzerland , Denmark , Sweden and Finland . As

2475-423: The southern tip of Norway . In the course of the medieval German eastward expansion , Slavic areas east of the Elbe were settled by traders and colonists from the overpopulated Northwest of Germany in the 12th and 13th centuries. In 1158, Henry the Lion founded Lübeck , in 1160 he conquered the Slavic principality of Schwerin . This partially violent colonisation was accompanied by the Christianisation of

2530-516: The style came to influence secular buildings as well as churches and spread beyond the area where Catharism had flourished. In the 19th century, the Gothic Revival—Neogothic style led to a revival of Brick Gothic designs. 19th-century Brick Gothic "Revival" churches can be found throughout Northern Germany, Scandinavia, Poland, Lithuania, Finland, the Netherlands, Russia, Britain and the United States. Important churches in this style included St Chad's Cathedral, Birmingham (1841) by Augustus Pugin ,

2585-405: The use of baked red brick arrived in Northwestern and Central Europe in the 12th century, the oldest such buildings are classified as the Brick Romanesque . In the 16th century, Brick Gothic was superseded by Brick Renaissance architecture. Brick Gothic is marked by lack of figurative architectural sculpture , widespread in other styles of Gothic architecture. Typical for the Baltic Sea region

2640-488: The vast majority of Gothic buildings within the borders of modern Poland are brick-built, the term also encompasses non-brick Gothic structures, such as the Wawel Cathedral in Kraków , which is mostly stone-built. The principal characteristic of the Polish Gothic style is its limited use of stonework to complement the main brick construction. Stone was primarily utilized for window and door frames, arched columns, ribbed vaults, foundations and ornamentation, while brick remained

2695-415: The war, from 1945 to 1948, the special NKVD -camp Nr. 9 was operated at the site of the former Stalag II-A. Neubrandenburg was a bezirk centre between 1952 and 1990. Neubrandenburg has preserved its medieval city wall in its entirety. The wall, 7 m high with a perimeter of 2.3 km, has four Brick Gothic city gates , dating back to the 14th and 15th centuries. Of these, one of the most impressive

2750-427: The water gate on Ina river called Stargard Mill Gate . Even the Westhoek region in the very north of France , situated between Belgium and the Strait of Dover has instances of northern Brick Gothic, with a high density of specific buildings. For example, there is a strong similarity between the Belfry of Dunkirk  [ fr ] and the tower of St Mary's Church in Gdańsk . Southern French Gothic

2805-500: The wildlife reserves of Feldberg Lake District Nature Park , Mecklenburg Switzerland and Lake Kummerow Nature Park and the Nossentiner/Schwinzer Heath Nature Park . [REDACTED] Media related to Mecklenburg Lake District at Wikimedia Commons 53°16′30.000″N 12°39′47.000″E  /  53.27500000°N 12.66305556°E  / 53.27500000; 12.66305556 Neubrandenburg Neubrandenburg (lit. New Brandenburg , IPA: [nɔʏˈbʁandn̩bʊʁk] )

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2860-424: Was available as well. Therefore, besides all-brick buildings, there are buildings begun in stone and completed using brick, or built of boulders and decorated with brick, or built of brick and decorated with cut stone, for instance in Lesser Poland and Silesia . Brick Gothic buildings are often of monumental size, but simple as regards their external appearance, lacking the delicacy of areas further south, but this

2915-435: Was held on 9 June 2024, and the results were as follows: In October 2024 Mr. Witt announced on Facebook that he would step down as Lord Mayor effective May 2025. Neubrandenburg is twinned with: Brick Gothic Brick Gothic ( German : Backsteingotik , Polish : Gotyk ceglany , Dutch : Baksteengotiek ) is a specific style of Gothic architecture common in Northeast and Central Europe especially in

2970-401: Was the location of both of the world record throws in Discus , by Jürgen Schult in 1986 and by Gabriele Reinsch in 1988. The Jahnstadion , the Jahnsportforum stadium, the Stadthalle and adjacent sport parks offer vast options for large sport and culture events. The city is also home to a dedicated sports elite school, the Sportgymnasium Neubrandenburg . The Günter Harder Stadion was

3025-451: Was unavailable, trading cities could import it by sea. Therefore, St. Mary's Church in Lübeck , generally considered the principal example of Brick Gothic, has two portals made of sandstone , and the edges of its huge towers are built of ashlars, as normal for Gothic brick buildings in the Netherlands and the (German) Lower Rhine region . And the very slim pillars of its Briefkapelle ( letters chapel ) are of granite from Bornholm . In

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