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109-720: MedStar pays approximately $ 111 million in payroll tax to the District of Columbia , Maryland and Virginia each year. Additionally, as of 2012, MedStar Health provided almost $ 312 million in charity care and community benefit on an annual basis. In 1998, Medlantic Healthcare Group merged with Helix Health, a group of four Baltimore, Maryland hospitals. Helix/Medlantic was then renamed to MedStar Health on February 1, 1999. On July 1, 2000, Georgetown University Hospital became part of MedStar Health. On February 1, 2008, MedStar Health merged with Montgomery General Hospital, Montgomery County 's oldest acute care hospital. Montgomery General

218-495: A cascading waterfall with Italian Renaissance -style architecture. Modern , Postmodern , contemporary , and other non-classical architectural styles are also seen in the city. The National Museum of African American History and Culture deeply contrasts the stone-based neoclassical buildings on the National Mall with a design that combines modern engineering with heavy inspiration from African art . The interior of

327-510: A brief partnership to establish his own dry goods store. Its twenty-foot front was located at Charles and Lexington Streets. Buying out his partner, O'Neill was soon in full command of his promising enterprise. His fortunes grew as his store eventually absorbed three adjacent buildings and expanded to branches in Dublin, London, and Paris, providing a livelihood for more than 500 employees. On Sunday morning, Feb. 7, 1904, what later became known as

436-487: A center of the nation's internal slave trade . After its survey, the new federal city was constructed on the north bank of the Potomac River, to the east of Georgetown centered on Capitol Hill . On September 9, 1791, three commissioners overseeing the capital's construction named the city in honor of President Washington. The same day, the federal district was named Columbia, a feminine form of Columbus , which

545-782: A comprehensive physician network in Maryland and the Washington, D.C. , region. (MedStar does not have any hospitals or institutions in Virginia, but MedStar Visiting Nurses Association does serve some counties there.) MedStar Health is the official medical team of the Baltimore Ravens , the Washington Capitals , the Washington Wizards as well as other professional, college and recreational teams in

654-469: A federal town". In Federalist No. 43 , published January 23, 1788, James Madison argued that the new federal government would need authority over a national capital to provide for its own maintenance and safety. The Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783 emphasized the need for the national government not to rely on any state for its own security. Article One, Section Eight of the Constitution permits

763-493: A full-service emergency department in 1990. Since then, it consistently has been one of the fastest-growing hospitals in Maryland. In 2003, a new emergency department opened and fueled the ever-growing demand for the expert care provided by more than 2,000 associates. The emergency department is accredited as a primary stroke center. In 2005, the hospital opened nine new operating rooms that are specially designed to enhance experiences for patients, surgeons and staff. In 2006,

872-408: A garden-lined grand avenue about 1 mile (1.6 km) long and 400 feet (120 m) wide in an area that is now the National Mall inspired by the grounds at Versailles and Tuileries Gardens. In March 1792, President Washington dismissed L'Enfant due to conflicts with the three commissioners appointed to supervise the capital's construction. Andrew Ellicott , who worked with L'Enfant in surveying

981-502: A modern glass exterior and heavy curvature. CityCenterDC is home to Palmer Alley, a pedestrian-only walkway, and houses several apartment buildings, restaurants, and luxury-brand storefronts with streamlined glass and metal facades. Outside Downtown D.C., architectural styles are more varied. Historic buildings are designed primarily in the Queen Anne , Châteauesque , Richardsonian Romanesque , Georgian Revival , Beaux-Arts , and

1090-410: A new 32-bed inpatient unit opened, one that is dedicated to orthopedic and surgical patients. This unit features mostly private rooms, decentralized nursing stations to keep caregivers closer to the patients and a large area for group physical therapy. All other hospital patient care units were recently renovated. MedStar Harbor Hospital was first established in 1903 as a small community clinic servicing

1199-465: A postgraduate hospital. Ultimately, the construction of the Cathedral of Mary our Queen , completed in 1959, used $ 8.5 million of that legacy. “... All the balance of my estate (including, after the death of my said sisters and brothers, the sum so as aforesaid put aside by my trustees to pay the annuities above mentioned) unto Most Reverend James Gibbons , Roman Catholic Archbishop of Baltimore for

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1308-700: A prominent Baltimore family, in 1890 at the Church of the Immaculate Conception in Baltimore (not to be confused with Immaculate Conception parish in Towson). The couple lived at 1731 Park Avenue, in Bolton Hill. They had no children, but Mr. O'Neill's sisters (and possibly one brother) shared the home. The house today has an historic plaque marking O'Neill's occupancy. The O'Neills were members of

1417-469: A range of wellness programs and outpatient services in addition to inpatient treatment. The MedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital (NRH) is a private facility located in Washington, D.C. offering inpatient, day treatment and outpatient programs specifically designed for the rehabilitation of people with disabling injuries and illnesses. For the 19th year, U.S. News & World Report ranked it one of

1526-431: A relatively high homelessness rate, despite its high living standard compared to many American cities. Washington, D.C., is divided into four quadrants of unequal area: Northwest (NW) , Northeast (NE) , Southeast (SE) , and Southwest (SW) . The axes bounding the quadrants radiate from the U.S. Capitol. All road names include the quadrant abbreviation to indicate their location. House numbers generally correspond with

1635-595: A snowstorm in January 1772. Hurricanes or their remnants occasionally impact the area in late summer and early fall. However, they usually are weak by the time they reach Washington, partly due to the city's inland location. Flooding of the Potomac River , however, caused by a combination of high tide, storm surge, and runoff, has been known to cause extensive property damage in the Georgetown neighborhood of

1744-676: A special committee charged with beautifying Washington's ceremonial core. What became known as the McMillan Plan was finalized in 1901 and included relandscaping the Capitol grounds and the National Mall, clearing slums, and establishing a new citywide park system. The plan is thought to have largely preserved L'Enfant's intended design for the city. By law, the city's skyline is low and sprawling. The federal Height of Buildings Act of 1910 prohibits buildings with height exceeding

1853-467: A touch of Irish blarney and a hint of brogue throughout his life. O'Neill became a prominent business leader in Baltimore , serving on many professional committees to advance the city's business interests. He made most of his fortune by astute real estate investments in the city center, including building The Professional Building at 329 North Charles Street. After his death, when the bulk of his estate

1962-473: A variety of Victorian styles. Rowhouses are prominent in areas developed after the Civil War and typically follow Federal and late Victorian designs. Georgetown 's Old Stone House , built in 1765, is the oldest-standing building in the city. Founded in 1789, Georgetown University features a mix of Romanesque and Gothic Revival architecture . The Ronald Reagan Building is the largest building in

2071-612: Is a managed care organization serving the District of Columbia and Maryland. Coverage is provided for participants in DC, and Maryland. MedStar Health Research Institute (MHRI) offers research support for MedStar's medical and instructional services. MedStar offers outpatient pharmacies in hospitals including Leisure World in Silver Spring, Maryland . MedStar Physician Partners is a group of more 100 primary care physicians. It

2180-475: Is a not-for-profit, 926-bed acute care teaching and research hospital based in Northwest Washington, D.C. It is the largest private hospital in Washington, D.C.and among the 25 largest hospitals in the mid-Atlantic region. It consistently ranks among the nation's top hospitals as measured by entities such as U.S. News & World Report , AARP and Consumer's Checkbook. The hospital also operates

2289-641: Is a regional specialty and teaching hospital that has been caring for members of the community for more than 150 years. MedStar Union Memorial has been named one of the nation's top 100 hospitals for cardiovascular care by Thomson. The hospital was also named in U.S. News & World Report' s annual list of top hospitals by ranking in cardiology and heart surgery, and orthopedics. MedStar Union Memorial also received high-performing scores in eight specialty areas: Diabetes and Endocrinology, Ear Nose and Throat, Gastroenterology, Geriatrics, Nephrology, Neurology & Neurosurgery, Pulmonology and Urology. MedStar Union Memorial

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2398-911: Is generally popular among tourists and locals. In 2007, six of the top ten buildings in the American Institute of Architects ' ranking of America's Favorite Architecture were in the city: the White House , Washington National Cathedral , the Jefferson Memorial , the United States Capitol , the Lincoln Memorial , and the Vietnam Veterans Memorial . The neoclassical , Georgian , Gothic , and Modern styles are reflected among these six structures and many other prominent edifices in

2507-602: Is known nationally for the Curtis National Hand Center and for developing Maryland's leading hospital-based sports medicine program. The 283-bed hospital supports residency and fellowship training programs in orthopedics, general surgery, and internal medicine, and received the prestigious Excellence Awards for Quality Improvement for Hospitals from the Delmarva Foundation in 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012. MedStar Washington Hospital Center

2616-424: Is not part of any state , and is not one itself. The Residence Act , adopted on July 16, 1790, approved the creation of the capital district along the Potomac River. The city was founded in 1791, and the 6th Congress held the first session in the unfinished Capitol Building in 1800 after the capital moved from Philadelphia . In 1801, the District of Columbia, formerly part of Maryland and Virginia and including

2725-646: Is part of the MedStar Medical Group that has over 5,600 affiliated physicians and 1,560 employed physicians across Maryland and the Washington, D.C., region. MedStar Surgery Center is a stand-alone multi-specialty surgery center in Downtown Washington, D.C. MedStar Visiting Nurse Association is the largest home healthcare provider in the Maryland, District of Columbia and Northern Virginia region. It provides in-home healthcare services for homebound patients who were recently discharged from

2834-470: Is the country's seventh-largest metropolitan area , with a 2023 population of 6.3 million residents. A locally elected mayor and 13-member council have governed the district since 1973, though Congress retains the power to overturn local laws. Washington, D.C., residents are, on the federal level, politically disenfranchised since the city's residents do not have voting representation in Congress;

2943-442: Is the only cathedral in the 2,000 year history of the Church that was donated by a single individual" His bequest for a new Cathedral (some waggish Baltimoreans called it "O'Neill's Uptown" after it was built) completely paid for the building, but did not allocate a dollar for maintenance, and the will stated that the funds could be used only for the designated purpose of design and construction. O'Neill married Roberta LeBrou, of

3052-501: Is water. The district is bordered by Montgomery County, Maryland , to the northwest; Prince George's County, Maryland , to the east; Arlington County, Virginia , to the west; and Alexandria, Virginia , to the south. The south bank of the Potomac River forms the district's border with Virginia and has two major tributaries, the Anacostia River and Rock Creek . Tiber Creek , a natural watercourse that once passed through

3161-633: The American Civil War in 1861 led to the expansion of the federal government and notable growth in the city's population, including a large influx of freed slaves. President Abraham Lincoln signed the Compensated Emancipation Act in 1862, which ended slavery in the district, freeing about 3,100 slaves in the district nine months before the Emancipation Proclamation . In 1868, Congress granted

3270-435: The Anacostia River to the east. Washington, D.C.'s street grid was extended, where possible, throughout the district starting in 1888. Georgetown's streets were renamed in 1895. Some streets are particularly noteworthy, including Pennsylvania Avenue , which connects the White House to the Capitol; and K Street, which houses the offices of many lobbying groups. Constitution Avenue and Independence Avenue , located on

3379-469: The Baltimore metropolitan area ; it was also ranked among the nation’s top 50 “Best Hospitals” in Gastroenterology and Digestive system (GI) surgery . This is the fourth consecutive year the hospital has been included in this ranking. It is the third largest hospital in Baltimore, and its emergency department is the busiest in the state with almost 110,000 visits annually. In the fall of 2010,

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3488-544: The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park , the National Mall and Memorial Parks , Theodore Roosevelt Island , Columbia Island , Fort Dupont Park , Meridian Hill Park , Kenilworth Park and Aquatic Gardens , and Anacostia Park . The District of Columbia Department of Parks and Recreation maintains the city's 900 acres (3.6 km ) of athletic fields and playgrounds, 40 swimming pools, and 68 recreation centers. The U.S. Department of Agriculture operates

3597-551: The Great Baltimore Fire began in the dry goods firm of John E. Hurst & Co., located on the south side of German Street between Hopkins Place and Liberty Street at the current site of the Royal Farms Arena. The first alarm was turned in at 10:20 a.m. but the blaze was out of control within minutes, fanned by a wind that pushed the fire east by northeast in the direction of O’Neill & Co, which

3706-536: The National Mall , was fully enclosed underground during the 1870s. The creek also formed a portion of the now-filled Washington City Canal , which allowed passage through the city to the Anacostia River from 1815 until the 1850s. The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal starts in Georgetown and was used during the 19th century to bypass the Little Falls of the Potomac River, located at the northwest edge of

3815-506: The Potomac River , across from Virginia , and shares land borders with Maryland to its north and east. It was named after George Washington , the first president of the United States . The district is named after Columbia , the female personification of the nation . The U.S. Constitution in 1789 called for the creation of a federal district under the exclusive jurisdiction of the U.S. Congress . As such, Washington, D.C.,

3924-623: The Washington Metro stations and the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden are designed with strong influence from the 20th-century Brutalism movement. The Smithsonian Institution Building is built of Seneca red sandstone in the Norman Revival style. The Old Post Office building, located on Pennsylvania Avenue and completed in 1899, was the first building in the city to have a steel frame structure and

4033-545: The 1830s, the district's southern territory of Alexandria declined economically, due in part to its neglect by Congress. Alexandria was a major market in the domestic slave trade and pro-slavery residents feared that abolitionists in Congress would end slavery in the district . Alexandria's citizens petitioned Virginia to retake the land it had donated to form the district, a process known as retrocession . The Virginia General Assembly voted in February 1846, to accept

4142-472: The 446-acre (1.80 km ) United States National Arboretum in Northeast Washington, D.C. Washington's climate is humid subtropical ( Köppen : Cfa ), or oceanic ( Trewartha : Do bordering Cf downtown). Winters are cool to cold with some snow of varying intensity, while summers are hot and humid. The district is in plant hardiness zone 8a near downtown, and zone 7b elsewhere in

4251-535: The 9,122 acres (36.92 km ) of city land owned by the U.S. government. Rock Creek Park is a 1,754-acre (7.10 km ) urban forest in Northwest Washington, which extends 9.3 miles (15.0 km) through a stream valley that bisects the city. Established in 1890, it is the country's fourth-oldest national park and is home to a variety of plant and animal species, including raccoon, deer, owls, and coyotes. Other National Park Service properties include

4360-458: The Assumption, along with funds to Loyola University Maryland to build a church (St. Ignatius) and monies to construct a hospital ( MedStar Good Samaritan Hospital ). O’Neill’s legacy: A new cathedral and a hospital After his death in 1919, O’Neill bequeathed $ 5 million to Cardinal James Gibbons and his successors to be used “as a nucleus for, and for the erecting of, a Catholic Church in

4469-641: The Canadas , the British set fire to government buildings in the city, gutting the United States Capitol , the Treasury Building , and the White House in what became known as the burning of Washington . However, a storm forced the British to evacuate the city after just 24 hours. Most government buildings were repaired quickly, but the Capitol, which was largely under construction at the time, would not be completed in its current form until 1868. In

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4578-470: The Carmelite Convent on Biddle Street in east Baltimore , where he had gone to beg the nuns—including his sister—to pray for the safety of his store. When the 1904 Fire broke out, the blank wall of the southernmost addition, which had been recently completed, was the area most directly threatened by the flames. At the same time, his workers stopped up exterior downspouts and drains, then flooded

4687-534: The City of Baltimore .” The merchant had stipulated that the money was not to be used until after the death of his wife, Roberta. Although she died in 1936, the Great Depression and World War II delayed progress on the building and over time the original bequest to the cardinal had grown to $ 14 million. The sum was divided into $ 9 million for the new cathedral and adjacent buildings, and $ 5 million for

4796-462: The City of Washington in 1895. However, the city had poor housing and strained public works, leading it to become the first city in the nation to undergo urban renewal projects as part of the City Beautiful movement in the early 20th century. The City Beautiful movement built heavily upon the already-implemented L'Enfant Plan , with the new McMillan Plan leading urban development in

4905-521: The Conoy, inhabited the lands around the Potomac River and present-day Washington, D.C., when Europeans first arrived and colonized the region in the early 17th century. The Nacotchtank , also called the Nacostines by Catholic missionaries , maintained settlements around the Anacostia River in present-day Washington, D.C. Conflicts with European colonists and neighboring tribes ultimately displaced

5014-554: The Corpus Christi parish in Bolton Hill. This church was originally called the Jenkins Memorial Church, one of a very few "memorial" Catholic churches in the U.S. dedicated to an individual or family. The Jenkins family was a socially prominent, wealthy old Maryland family. A devout Catholic, O'Neill was said to attend Mass daily, and he became close friends with Archbishop (later Cardinal) James Gibbons ,

5123-573: The Delmarva Foundation in 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008 and 2004. MedStar St. Mary's delivers emergency, acute inpatient, and outpatient care. Founded in 1977, MedStar Southern Maryland Hospital Center is a 262-bed full service hospital in Clinton, Maryland serving the Washington, D.C., and Southern Maryland areas. Additionally, the hospital operates a 24-bed sub-acute unit. Located in the Central section of Baltimore, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital

5232-703: The Maryland School for the Blind. The Memorial Chapel in the Cathedral of Mary Our Queen includes an image of O'Neill in one window, holding his prayer book and a copy of his will, (the other is located in the corridor leading to the Sacristy) and a painting behind the altar that reflects elements of O'Neill's life, including the 1904 Fire threatening his store, and two famous alumni of St. Mary's, Babe Ruth and Al Jolson . After returning from Passion (now called Palm) Sunday Mass on April 6, 1919, O'Neill suffered

5341-645: The Piscataway people, some of whom established a new settlement in 1699 near Point of Rocks, Maryland . Nine cities served as capitals to the Continental Congress and under the Articles of Confederation . New York City was the first capital upon the adoption of the Constitution , succeeded by Philadelphia , which was capital from 1790 to 1800. On October 6, 1783, after the capital

5450-683: The US by the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research , a part of the United States Department of Education . MedStar St. Mary's Hospital is a not-for-profit, 103-bed full service hospital located in Leonardtown, St. Mary's County , Maryland. Serving the community since 1912, MedStar St. Mary's treats more than 104,000 patients each year and has been recognized for excellence in quality improvement by

5559-495: The area's only adult burn center, its premier trauma center and surgical critical care center, providing major trauma resuscitation, surgery and care of critically ill or injured patients. It is a national leader in the research, diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease. The Washington Cancer Institute provides cancer treatment and access to clinical trials. MedStar Ambulatory Services provides outpatient services, including primary care practices. MedStar Family Choice

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5668-504: The area. Blizzards affect Washington once every four to six years on average. The most violent storms, known as nor'easters , often impact large regions of the East Coast . From January 27 to 28, 1922 , the city officially received 28 inches (71 cm) of snowfall, the largest snowstorm since official measurements began in 1885. According to notes kept at the time, the city received between 30 and 36 inches (76 and 91 cm) from

5777-702: The area. Kenneth A. Samet is MedStar Health's president and chief executive officer. MedStar Franklin Square Medical Center is an acute-care teaching hospital , located in the Rosedale area of Northeastern Baltimore County , offering a full range of services for children and adults. Founded in 1898, MedStar Franklin Square's primary service lines include medicine, oncology, surgical services, women and children's care, behavioral health, and community-based medicine. MedStar Franklin Square has been awarded

5886-681: The best-known American Catholic leader in the early 20th century. One report has an employee of O'Neill's store recalling that the Cardinal would occasionally walk up Charles Street from the Basilica of the Assumption to visit with O'Neill. O'Neill's ambition was matched by a personality of considerable charm. His bright red hair earned him the nickname "Pinky" He was known for standing at the front door of his store, attired in an elegant morning suit, greeting his customers by name and ensuring that each received outstanding service. He apparently retained

5995-536: The borders of the federal district and placed boundary stones at every mile point; many of these stones are still standing. Both Maryland and Virginia were slave states , and slavery existed in the District from its founding. The building of Washington likely relied in significant part on slave labor, and slave receipts have been found for the White House, Capitol Building, and establishment of Georgetown University. The city became an important slave market and

6104-578: The buildings that house federal government headquarters, including the White House , the Capitol, the Supreme Court Building , and multiple federal departments and agencies . The city is home to many national monuments and museums , located most prominently on or around the National Mall , including the Jefferson Memorial , the Lincoln Memorial , and the Washington Monument . It hosts 177 foreign embassies and serves as

6213-462: The city , primarily in the U ;Street, 14th Street, 7th Street, and H Street corridors, which were predominantly black residential and commercial areas. The riots raged for three days until more than 13,600 federal troops and Washington, D.C., Army National Guardsmen stopped the violence. Many stores and other buildings were burned, and rebuilding from the riots was not completed until

6322-480: The city at the Atlantic Seaboard fall line . The highest natural elevation in the district is 409 feet (125 m) above sea level at Fort Reno Park in upper northwest Washington, D.C. The lowest point is sea level at the Potomac River. The geographic center of Washington is near the intersection of 4th and L streets NW. The district has 7,464 acres (30.21 km ) of parkland, about 19% of

6431-490: The city but bankrupted its government. In 1874, Congress replaced the territorial government with an appointed three-member board of commissioners. In 1888, the city's first motorized streetcars began service. Their introduction generated growth in areas of the district beyond the City of Washington's original boundaries, leading to an expansion of the district over the next few decades. Georgetown's street grid and other administrative details were formally merged with those of

6540-493: The city is divided into quadrants , which are centered around the Capitol Building and include 131 neighborhoods . As of the 2020 census , the city had a population of 689,545. Commuters from the city's Maryland and Virginia suburbs raise the city's daytime population to more than one million during the workweek. The Washington metropolitan area , which includes parts of Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia ,

6649-819: The city throughout the movement. Much of the old Victorian Mall was replaced with modern Neoclassical and Beaux-Arts architecture ; these designs are still prevalent in the city's governmental buildings today. Increased federal spending under the New Deal in the 1930s led to the construction of new government buildings, memorials, and museums in the district, though the chairman of the House Subcommittee on District Appropriations, Ross A. Collins of Mississippi , justified cuts to funds for welfare and education for local residents by saying that "my constituents wouldn't stand for spending money on niggers." World War II led to an expansion of federal employees in

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6758-730: The city's classical-style architecture include buildings constructed in the French Second Empire style, including the Eisenhower Executive Office Building , and the modernist Watergate complex . The Thomas Jefferson Building , the main Library of Congress building, and the historic Willard Hotel are built in Beaux-Arts style , popular throughout the world in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Meridian Hill Park contains

6867-419: The city's residents elect a single non-voting congressional delegate to the U.S. House of Representatives. The city's voters choose three presidential electors in accordance with the Twenty-third Amendment , passed in 1961. Washington, D.C. anchors the southern end of the Northeast megalopolis . As the seat of the U.S. federal government , the city is an important world political capital . The city hosts

6976-416: The city's total area, the second-highest among high-density U.S. cities after Philadelphia . The city's sizable parkland was a factor in the city being ranked as third in the nation for park access and quality in the 2018 ParkScore ranking of the park systems of the nation's 100 most populous cities, according to Trust for Public Land , a non-profit organization. The National Park Service manages most of

7085-421: The city, was then tasked with completing its design. Though Ellicott revised the original L'Enfant plans, including changing some street patterns, L'Enfant is still credited with the city's overall design. By the early 20th century, however, L'Enfant's vision of a grand national capital was marred by slums and randomly placed buildings in the city, including a railroad station on the National Mall. Congress formed

7194-408: The city. Summers are hot and humid with a July daily average of 79.8 °F (26.6 °C) and average daily relative humidity around 66%, which can cause moderate personal discomfort. Heat indices regularly approach 100 °F (38 °C) at the height of summer. The combination of heat and humidity in the summer brings very frequent thunderstorms, some of which occasionally produce tornadoes in

7303-530: The city. Many of the government buildings, monuments, and museums along the National Mall and surrounding areas are heavily inspired by classical Roman and Greek architecture. The designs of the White House, the U.S. Capitol, Supreme Court Building , Washington Monument , National Gallery of Art , Lincoln Memorial, and Jefferson Memorial are all heavily drawn from these classical architectural movements and feature large pediments, domes, columns in classical order, and heavy stone walls. Notable exceptions to

7412-406: The city. Precipitation occurs throughout the year. The highest recorded temperature was 106 °F (41 °C) on August 6, 1918, and on July 20, 1930. The lowest recorded temperature was −15 °F (−26 °C) on February 11, 1899 , right before the Great Blizzard of 1899 . During a typical year, the city averages about 37 days at or above 90 °F (32 °C) and 64 nights at or below

7521-469: The city; by 1950, the district's population reached its peak of 802,178 residents. The Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified in 1961, granting the district three votes in the Electoral College for the election of president and vice president, but still not affording the city's residents representation in Congress. After the assassination of civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. on April 4, 1968, riots broke out in

7630-487: The conflagration in its tracks. By 5 p.m., blasting had begun, bringing down J. W. Putts department store on the southwest corner of Charles and Fayette streets. The next large building slated for demolition was on the northwest corner of Charles and Lexington—O'Neill's department store. When firefighters rushed into the store to plant their charges, O’Neill reportedly told them, “Gentlemen, you'll have to blow me up, too!" A devout Catholic, O'Neill had just rushed back from

7739-546: The creation of Good Samaritan Hospital were donated by Baltimore Merchant, Thomas J O'Neill Both a specialty facility and comprehensive community hospital, MedStar Good Samaritan has Centers for Excellence in Arthritis, Joint Replacement, Rehabilitation, Good Health Center, Spine Health, and Surgical Services. For more than 30 years, the hospital has been affiliated with the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , with special programs in physical and rehabilitation medicine, orthopedics, and rheumatology. MedStar Good Samaritan opened

7848-590: The district into a state since the 1880s; a statehood bill passed the House of Representatives in 2021 but was not adopted by the U.S. Senate . To become law it would have to be passed by the Senate and signed by president; it would have renamed the city Washington, Douglas Commonwealth and shrunk the Federal District to about the size of the national mall. Designed in 1791 by Pierre Charles L'Enfant ,

7957-451: The district with a total area of about 3.1 million square feet (288,000 m ). Washington Union Station is designed in a combination of architectural styles. Its Great Hall has elaborate gold leaf designs along the ceilings and the hall includes several decorative classical-style statues. Thomas J O%27Neill Thomas J O'Neill (November 11, 1849 – April 6, 1919) was an Irish-born American merchant and philanthropist. He

8066-486: The district's African American male residents the right to vote in municipal elections. By 1870, the district's population had grown 75% in a decade to nearly 132,000 people, yet the city still lacked paved roads and basic sanitation. Some members of Congress suggested moving the capital farther west, but President Ulysses S. Grant refused to consider the proposal. In the Organic Act of 1871 , Congress repealed

8175-658: The east and north of the Potomac and the County of Alexandria to the west and south. After the Act's passage, citizens in the district were no longer considered residents of Maryland or Virginia, which ended their representation in Congress. On August 24, 1814, during the War of 1812 , British forces invaded and occupied the city after defeating an American force at Bladensburg . In retaliation for acts of destruction by American troops in

8284-541: The establishment of a "District (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular states, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the government of the United States". However, the constitution does not specify a location for the capital. In the Compromise of 1790 , Madison, Alexander Hamilton , and Thomas Jefferson agreed that the federal government would pay each state's remaining Revolutionary War debts in exchange for establishing

8393-426: The existing settlements of Georgetown and Alexandria , was officially recognized as the federal district; initially, the city was a separate settlement within the larger district. In 1846, Congress returned the land originally ceded by Virginia , including the city of Alexandria. In 1871, it created a single municipality for the remaining portion of the district. There have been several unsuccessful efforts to make

8502-556: The federal district was a square measuring 10 miles (16 km) on each side and totaling 100 square miles (259 km ). Two pre-existing settlements were included in the territory, the port of Georgetown , founded in 1751, and the port city of Alexandria, Virginia , founded in 1749. In 1791 and 1792, a team led by Andrew Ellicott , including Ellicott's brothers Joseph and Benjamin and African American astronomer Benjamin Banneker , whose parents had been enslaved, surveyed

8611-684: The first to use electrical wiring in its design. Notable contemporary residential buildings, restaurants, shops, and office buildings in the city include the Wharf on the Southwest Waterfront , Navy Yard along the Anacostia River , and CityCenterDC in Downtown . The Wharf has seen the construction of several high-rise office and residential buildings overlooking the Potomac River . Additionally, restaurants, bars, and shops have been opened at street level. Many of these buildings have

8720-411: The flames By the time it was brought under control the following day (February 8), the fire had destroyed much of central Baltimore , including over 1,500 buildings covering an area of some 140 acres (57 ha) But it is a matter of historical record that on his return from the convent—and after the confrontation with the would-be dynamiters—the wind suddenly shifted. The fire turned south and east, and

8829-404: The freezing mark (32 °F or 0 °C). On average, the first day with a minimum at or below freezing is November 18 and the last day is March 27. Washington, D.C., was a planned city , and many of the city's street grids were developed in that initial plan. In 1791, President George Washington commissioned Pierre Charles L'Enfant , a French-born military engineer and artist, to design

8938-725: The headquarters for the World Bank , the International Monetary Fund , the Organization of American States , and other international organizations. Home to many of the nation's largest industry associations, non-profit organizations, and think tanks , D.C. is known as a lobbying hub, with K Street as the industry center. The city had 20.7 million domestic visitors and 1.2 million international visitors, ranking seventh among U.S. cities as of 2022. The Algonquian -speaking Piscataway people , also known as

9047-680: The high-level designation of a Teaching Hospital Cancer Center by the American College of Surgeons, and was accredited as a Magnet hospital for nursing in 2008, with reaccreditation in 2013. It has been the recipient of the Delmarva Foundation ’s highest honor, the Excellence Award for Quality for Hospitals, in 2009, 2011 and 2012. U.S. News & World Report ranked the hospital as third best in Maryland and

9156-463: The hospital completed a major expansion project that includes a new seven-story Patient Care Tower, an expanded emergency department, and additional parking facilities. MedStar Georgetown University Hospital is a not-for-profit, acute care teaching and research hospital with 609 beds located in Northwest Washington, D.C. Founded in the Jesuit principle of cura personalis  – caring for

9265-520: The hospital. It also cares for those who are disabled or living with a chronic condition. According to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services ' Home Healthcare Compare website, Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C. , formally the District of Columbia and commonly known as Washington or D.C. , is the capital city and federal district of the United States . The city is on

9374-436: The individual charters of the cities of Washington and Georgetown , abolished Washington County , and created a new territorial government for the whole District of Columbia. These steps made "the city of Washington...legally indistinguishable from the District of Columbia." In 1873, President Grant appointed Alexander Robey Shepherd as Governor of the District of Columbia. Shepherd authorized large projects that modernized

9483-437: The late 1990s. In 1973, Congress enacted the District of Columbia Home Rule Act providing for an elected mayor and 13-member council for the district. In 1975, Walter Washington became the district's first elected and first black mayor. Since the 1980s, the D.C. statehood movement has grown in prominence. In 2016, a referendum on D.C. statehood resulted in an 85% support among Washington, D.C., voters for it to become

9592-497: The name Washington, Douglas Commonwealth (thus keeping the same abbreviation Washington, D.C.). The legalities, reasons, and impact of statehood have been heavily debated in the 2020s. Washington, D.C., is located in the Mid-Atlantic region of the U.S. East Coast . The city has a total area of 68.34 square miles (177 km ), of which 61.05 square miles (158.1 km ) is land and 7.29 square miles (18.9 km ) (10.67%)

9701-503: The nation's 51st state . In March 2017, the city's congressional delegate Eleanor Holmes Norton introduced a bill for statehood. Reintroduced in 2019 and 2021 as the Washington, D.C., Admission Act , the U.S. House of Representatives passed it in April 2021. After not progressing in the Senate, the statehood bill was introduced again in January 2023. The bill would have made D.C. into a state with one representative and two senators, with

9810-496: The new capital. He enlisted the help of Isaac Roberdeau, Étienne Sulpice Hallet and Scottish surveyor Alexander Ralston to help lay out the city plan. The L'Enfant Plan featured broad streets and avenues radiating out from rectangles, providing room for open space and landscaping. L'Enfant was also provided a roll of maps by Thomas Jefferson depicting Frankfurt, Amsterdam, Strasbourg, Paris, Orleans, Bordeaux, Lyon, Marseille, Turin, and Milan. L'Enfant's design also envisioned

9919-604: The new national capital in the Southern United States . On July 9, 1790, Congress passed the Residence Act , which approved the creation of a national capital on the Potomac River . Under the Residence Act, the exact location was to be selected by President George Washington , who signed the bill into law on July 16, 1790. Formed from land donated by Maryland and Virginia, the initial shape of

10028-552: The north and south sides of the National Mall, respectively, are home to many of Washington's iconic museums, including many Smithsonian Institution buildings and the National Archives Building . Washington hosts 177 foreign embassies ; these maintain nearly 300 buildings and more than 1,600 residential properties, many of which are on a section of Massachusetts Avenue informally known as Embassy Row . The architecture of Washington, D.C., varies greatly and

10137-404: The number of blocks away from the Capitol. Most streets are set out in a grid pattern with east–west streets named with letters (e.g., C Street SW), north–south streets with numbers (e.g., 4th Street NW), and diagonal avenues, many of which are named after states . The City of Washington was bordered on the north by Boundary Street (renamed Florida Avenue in 1890); Rock Creek to the west, and

10246-419: The return of Alexandria. On July 9, 1846, Congress went further, agreeing to return all territory that Virginia had ceded to the district during its formation. This left the district's area consisting only of the portion originally donated by Maryland. Confirming the fears of pro-slavery Alexandrians, the Compromise of 1850 outlawed the slave trade in the district, although not slavery itself. The outbreak of

10355-457: The roof with water from the building's rooftop water tank. Despite these efforts, the flames reached the exterior walls of the department store's southernmost building, igniting a portion of the cornice and then part of the roof. "In the fire of 1904, of the stores on Charles Street, O'Neill's alone remained untouched." At its peak, the temperature of the fire was estimated at 2500 degrees; buildings new and old in its path succumbed quickly to

10464-489: The store was saved. O’Neill believed that prayer saved his store when waves of flame threatened. O'Neil's closed in 1954, in part because of the coming of the new Charles Center redevelopment and partly because the company could not renegotiate the leases on the four properties it occupied. "When O'Neill died in 1918, his will included a $ 5 million bequest to build a new cathedral to replace Benjamin Latrobe's Basilica of

10573-673: The tenth hospital in the system. MedStar Health's areas of clinical activity include cardiology, cardiac surgery, oncology services, rehabilitation, neurosciences, orthopedic surgery, women's services, and emergency and trauma services. MedStar has comprehensive services including primary, urgent and subacute care, medical education and research. Other health-related services include assisted living, home health and long-term care. MedStar also operate nursing homes, senior housing, adult day care, rehabilitation and ambulatory centers, as well as maintain MedStar Physician Partners,

10682-671: The time being, and his successors in the Archiepiscopal See of Baltimore, according to the discipline and government of the Roman Catholic Church, a Corporation Sole, as a nucleus for, and for the erecting of, a Cathedral Church in the City of Baltimore .... In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and affixed my seal, and placing my signature on the margin of the four pages hereof this 10th day Of July A.D. 1912. His will provided an annual dividend pour his wife Roberta, his brother and four sisters (one of whom

10791-454: The top rehabilitation hospitals in the country, being listed in 2013 at number 11 overall. It is ranked as the 3rd best hospital overall in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area. MedStar NRH is fully accredited by Commission on Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities , the only such specialty program for spinal cord injury and stroke in the region. Its spinal cord injury program has been designated one of fourteen Model SCI Systems of care in

10900-402: The waterfront community in Baltimore. It has been the recipient of the Delmarva Foundation's highest honor, the Excellence Award for Quality for Hospitals, in 2001, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011 & 2012. As Montgomery County's first acute-care hospital, MedStar Montgomery Medical Center is a community-based, 149-bed facility founded by Dr. Jacob Wheeler Bird. After 90 years, the hospital offers

11009-423: The whole person – MedStar Georgetown offers a variety of diagnostic and treatment options. MedStar Georgetown's "centers of excellence" include cancer, neurosciences, gastroenterology, transplant and vascular diseases. MedStar Good Samaritan Hospital is a 303-bed community teaching facility located at the corner of Loch Raven Boulevard and Belvedere Avenue in northeast Baltimore. The original funds for

11118-541: The width of the adjacent street plus 20 feet (6.1 m). Despite popular belief, no law has ever limited buildings to the height of the United States Capitol or the 555-foot (169 m) Washington Monument , which remains the district's tallest structure. City leaders have cited the height restriction as a primary reason that the district has limited affordable housing and its metro area has suburban sprawl and traffic problems. Washington, D.C., still has

11227-419: Was a poetic name for the United States commonly used at that time. Congress held its first session there on November 17, 1800. Congress passed the District of Columbia Organic Act of 1801 , which officially organized the district and placed the entire territory under the exclusive control of the federal government. The area within the district was organized into two counties, the County of Washington to

11336-454: Was a Sisters of Charity ). It also offered his employees an opportunity to become shareholders and joint owners of his business. Every employee with at least two years of service received a bonus. Normally, a church is not dedicated until it is paid for in full; because of O'Neill's bequest, the Cathedral of Mary Our Queen, Baltimore was the rare instance where the church was consecrated just before its formal opening. -THOMAS O'NEILL” (7) "It

11445-426: Was about 400 yards away. By afternoon, most of the buildings south of the department store in the block bounded by Hopkins Place and Redwood, Fayette and Charles streets had been destroyed. Meeting in the offices of Mayor Robert McLane , city engineers recommended dynamiting buildings in the path of the blaze so there would be nothing left to burn—the demolished lots would create an artificial firebreak that would stop

11554-583: Was forced by the Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783 to move to Princeton, Congress resolved to consider a new location for it. The following day, Elbridge Gerry of Massachusetts moved "that buildings for the use of Congress be erected on the banks of the Delaware near Trenton , or of the Potomac , near Georgetown , provided a suitable district can be procured on one of the rivers as aforesaid, for

11663-584: Was handed to the Archdiocese of Baltimore and held for decades until building of the new Cathedral began in the mid-1950s, the records held in the AOB archives show the O'Neill trust included multiple properties throughout the city. O'Neill was also a generous donor to multiple causes, the majority connected to the Catholic Church, such as St. Mary's Industrial School, but also for organizations such as

11772-418: Was one of eight children of John and Anne Lynch O'Neill of County Cavan in north central Ireland. He died on April 6, 1919, of a sudden heart ailment in Baltimore, Maryland , at age 69. O’Neill arrived in Baltimore from Ireland at age 16 in 1866 “with only pennies in his pocket.” Immediately, he hired himself out as an apprentice in a downtown linen shop. In 1882, when he was 33 years old, he went into

11881-748: Was the eighth hospital in MedStar Health's network and the first hospital in Montgomery County to join the healthcare system. In September, 2009, St. Mary's Hospital in Leonardtown, Maryland merged with MedStar Health, becoming the ninth hospital in the system, and the first in Southern Maryland. In December, 2012, MedStar Southern Maryland Hospital Center, located in Clinton, Maryland , merged with MedStar Health, becoming

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