The public health insurance option , also known as the public insurance option or the public option , is a proposal to create a government-run health insurance agency that would compete with other private health insurance companies within the United States . The public option is not the same as publicly funded health care , but was proposed as an alternative health insurance plan offered by the government. The public option was initially proposed for the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act , but was removed after the independent US senator for Connecticut Joe Lieberman threatened a filibuster .
170-557: As a result, Congress did not include the public option in the bill passed under reconciliation. The public option was later supported by Hillary Clinton and the Democratic Party in the 2016 and 2020 elections and multiple other Democratic candidates, including the current President, Joe Biden . The public option was featured in three bills considered by the United States House of Representatives in 2009:
340-469: A U.S. senator representing New York from 2001 to 2009, and the first lady of the United States as the wife of Bill Clinton from 1993 to 2001. A member of the Democratic Party , she was the party's nominee in the 2016 presidential election , becoming the first woman to win a presidential nomination by a major U.S. political party and the only woman to win the popular vote for U.S. president. She
510-601: A leave of absence from Rose Law to campaign for him full-time. During her second stint as the first lady of Arkansas, she made a point of using Hillary Rodham Clinton as her name. Clinton became involved in state education policy. She was named chair of the Arkansas Education Standards Committee in 1983, where worked to reform the state's public education system. In one of the Clinton governorship's most important initiatives, she fought
680-529: A "vigorous public option" would be included in the final bill and would "benefit the state of Texas." The final bill, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act , included provisions to open health insurance exchanges in each state by October 1, 2013. As the Act requires Americans to purchase health insurance, the federal government will offer subsidies to Americans with income levels up to four times
850-478: A Democrat made it easier to participate in debates and get his name on state ballots. Sanders's chief competitor for the nomination was Hillary Clinton , a former secretary of state. Sanders drew large crowds to his speaking events, and his populist and progressive politics won him particular support among Americans under 40. He performed strongly with white voters, but consistently trailed Clinton by 30 or more percentage points among black voters; polls showed
1020-735: A June 20 appearance in Denver , Sanders drew an estimated 5,000 supporters at a routine campaign stop, equaling the size of the crowd at Hillary Clinton's campaign launch speech in New York City the previous weekend. On July 1, a crowd of at least 10,000 came to see Sanders in Madison, Wisconsin , nearly twice the size of the biggest crowd of his main primary challenger, Hillary Clinton. A Sanders campaign event in Council Bluffs, Iowa , on July 3, drew over 2,500 supporters. To date, this
1190-419: A Republican-controlled Congress lacking protections for people coming off welfare, Hillary urged her husband to veto the bills, which he did. A third version came up during his 1996 general election campaign that restored some of the protections but cut the scope of benefits in other areas. While Clinton was urged to persuade the president to similarly veto the bill, she decided to support the bill, which became
1360-453: A Sanders campaign lawyer sent an open letter to the DNC that alleged that "the victory fund was essentially a pass-through to allow Clinton to benefit from contributions that far exceed the amount that her campaign could legally accept." In a news release accompanying the letter, Sanders campaign manager Jeff Weaver said "it is unprecedented for the DNC to allow a joint committee to be exploited to
1530-861: A September 1995 speech before the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing, Clinton argued forcefully against practices that abused women around the world and in the People's Republic of China itself. She declared, "it is no longer acceptable to discuss women's rights as separate from human rights". Delegates from over 180 countries heard her declare, If there is one message that echoes forth from this conference, let it be that human rights are women's rights and women's rights are human rights, once and for all." In delivering these remarks, Clinton resisted both internal administration and Chinese pressure to soften her remarks. The speech became
1700-519: A buffet table and a live band." After an estimated 3,000 people attended an event in Minneapolis, Sanders said he was "Stunned. Stunned. I mean I had to fight my way to get into the room. Standing room only. Minneapolis was literally beyond belief." Beginning in June, crowds at Sanders's events became much larger than those of any other presidential candidate who had announced up to that point. At
1870-514: A campaign event in Iowa, Cornel West "electrified" the crowd, opening his speech by saying, "What a blessing it is to be here with all of my brothers and sisters of all colors here in central Iowa! Brother Bernie and I come from a great tradition, the tradition of Martin Luther King Jr. and Albert Einstein ; the tradition of Helen Keller and Ella Baker ; the tradition of John Dewey —who
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#17327767415042040-422: A campaign website, effectively beginning his run. Sanders said he was motivated to enter the race by what he termed "obscene levels" of income disparity, and the campaign finance system. On May 26, 2015, Sanders officially announced his candidacy at Burlington's Waterfront Park. The 2016 Democratic Party presidential debates occurred among candidates in the campaign for the party's nomination for President of
2210-593: A case-by-case basis, except when there is evidence otherwise. The article became frequently cited in the field. During her postgraduate studies, Rodham was staff attorney for Edelman's newly founded Children's Defense Fund in Cambridge, Massachusetts , and as a consultant to the Carnegie Council on Children. In 1974, she was a member of the impeachment inquiry staff in Washington, D.C., and advised
2380-585: A claim-by-claim basis (i.e. for each individual procedure) to instead work as cooperatively as possible, in efficient teams, and receive income in salaries , which proponents believed would both be more efficient, and reduce the complexity associated with medical billing, simplifying both accounting and lowering overall healthcare costs. This primarily would only affect doctors, particularly specialists, such as surgeons, as most nurses and medical technicians are already paid salaried wages as well as pressuring healthcare provider groups and hospitals to research and employ
2550-475: A close race among Hispanic voters. Sanders focused on income and wealth inequality , which he argued is eroding the American middle class, and on campaign finance reform . Unlike most other major presidential candidates, Sanders eschewed an unlimited super PAC , instead choosing to receive most of his funding from direct individual campaign donations. In September 2015, The New York Times reported that
2720-556: A final report was issued in 2000 that stated there was insufficient evidence that either Clinton had engaged in criminal wrongdoing. Another investigated scandal involving Clinton was the White House travel office controversy , often referred to as "Travelgate". Another scandal that arose was the Hillary Clinton cattle futures controversy , which related to cattle futures trading Clinton had made in 1978 and 1979. Some in
2890-534: A formal announcement that he planned to seek the Democratic Party's nomination for President of the United States on May 26, 2015, in Burlington, Vermont . Sanders had been considered a potential candidate for president since at least September 2014. Though he had previously run as an independent , he routinely caucused with the Democratic Party , as many of his views align with Democrats. Running as
3060-462: A government health insurance plan to compete with private plans. The results were very similar to their polling from July, which found 52% support. An October 2009 Washington Post /ABC poll showed 57% support, a USA Today / Gallup survey described by a USA Today article on October 27 found that 50% of Americans supported a government plan proposal, and a poll from November 10 and 11 by Angus Reid Public Opinion found that 52% of Americans supported
3230-607: A history of opposition to Israeli policies in the West Bank and Gaza , had been widely criticized by Jewish groups. In January 2019, The New York Times reported that allegations of sexual harassment, demeaning treatment and pay disparities pertaining to women in the campaign were being circulated by email. Sanders attributed any such misdeeds to members of his staff, claiming that he was not only unaware of them but had instituted new protocols for addressing such issues. Jeff Weaver , Sanders's campaign manager in 2016, acknowledged
3400-491: A joint session of Congress on September 9, 2009, reiterating his call for a public insurance option, saying that he had "no interest in putting insurance companies out of business" while saying that the public option would "have to be self-sufficient" and succeed by reducing overhead costs and profit motives. Democratic representative Sheila Jackson-Lee , who represented the 18th congressional district in Houston , believed that
3570-454: A key moment in the empowerment of women and years later women around the world would recite Clinton's key phrases. During the late 1990s, Clinton was one of the most prominent international figures to speak out against the treatment of Afghan women by the Taliban . She helped create Vital Voices , an international initiative sponsored by the U.S. to encourage the participation of women in
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#17327767415043740-542: A major party's U.S. presidential primary. In his home state of Vermont, Sanders received 86.1% of the vote, denying Clinton any delegates. He also won "landslide" victories in Washington, Alaska, and Hawaii. On March 8, Sanders pulled off an upset in the Michigan Democratic primary, where polls had favored Clinton by significant margins. Of the 78% of pledged delegates allocated in primaries and caucuses by May 10, 2016, Clinton had won 54% to Sanders's 46%. Of
3910-451: A meeting to address the events, and in response, Sanders met with them in mid-January. The meeting was facilitated by three female leaders in workplace and employment matters. They stated that it was part of "a process to create practical ways for improving the campaign's culture," and were hoping other campaigns would also take note. There was widespread support of Sanders's vision of a "political revolution", but others believed his vision
4080-470: A minimum federal standard. The Public Option Act, in contrast, would have allowed all citizens and permanent residents to buy into a public option by participating in the public Medicare program. Individuals covered by other employer plans or by state insurance plans such as Medicare would not have been eligible to obtain coverage from the exchange. The federal government's health insurance plan would have been financed entirely by premiums without subsidy from
4250-588: A modern candidate can win presidential primaries without the support of Super PACs and big donors. A superdelegate is a delegate to the Democratic National Convention who is seated automatically, not elected by voters in a primary or caucus. Superdelegates include distinguished party leaders and elected officials, including all Democratic members of the House and Senate and sitting Democratic governors. Other superdelegates are chosen during
4420-402: A more competitive, reasonably priced healthcare market across the industry by encouraging more efficient treatments and practices, and finally, eventually generating a large source of non-tax revenue for the government, which could help ease the rate of increasing budgetary deficit. Proponents proposed this would be accomplished by initially paying doctors and hospitals 4%-5% higher for claims than
4590-486: A prolonged but ultimately successful battle against the Arkansas Education Association to establish mandatory teacher testing and state standards for curriculum and classroom size. In 1985, she introduced Arkansas's Home Instruction Program for Preschool Youth, a program that helps parents work with their children in preschool preparedness and literacy. Clinton continued to practice law with
4760-409: A public option while 25% opposed it, a Kaiser Family Foundation poll which found that 69% of Americans supported a public option while 29% opposed it, and Quinnipiac poll found that 58% of Americans supported a public option while 27% opposed it. In 2009, a survey designed and conducted by doctors Salomeh Keyhani and Alex Federman of Mount Sinai School of Medicine found that 73% of doctors supported
4930-682: A public option. A survey reported by the New England Journal of Medicine in September, based on a random sample of 6,000 physicians from the American Medical Association , stated that "it seems clear that the majority of U.S. physicians support using both public and private insurance options to expand coverage." Conversely, a 2009 IBD/TIPP poll of 1,376 physicians showed that 45% of doctors "would consider leaving or taking early retirement" if Congress passes
5100-555: A public plan while 53% would prefer to have a private plan. It also stated that 69% would support its creation in the first place. Survey USA estimated that the majority of Americans (77%) feel that it is either "quite important" or "extremely important" to "give people a choice of both a public plan administered by the federal government and a private plan for their health insurance" in August 2009. A Pew Research Center report published on October 8, 2009, stated that 55% of Americans favor
5270-599: A public plan would compete unfairly with private insurers and drive many of them out of business. Michael F. Cannon , a senior fellow of the libertarian CATO Institute , has argued that the federal government can hide inefficiencies in its administration and draw away consumers from private insurance even if the government offers an inferior product. A study by the Congressional Budget Office found that profits accounted for only about 3 percent of private health insurance premiums, and Cannon argued that
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5440-422: A public plan. On October 27, journalist Ray Suarez of The News Hour with Jim Lehrer noted that "public opinion researchers say the tide has been shifting over the last several weeks, and now is not spectacularly, but solidly in favor of a public option." Between October 28 and November 13, 2009, Democratic senator Dick Durbin 's campaign organization polled Americans to rank their support for various forms of
5610-486: A public plan. Senator Chuck Schumer has proposed an "opt-out" system in which state governments would initially be part of the network but could choose to avoid offering a public plan. Both before and after passage in the House, significant controversy surrounded the Stupak–Pitts Amendment , added to the bill to prohibit coverage of abortions – with limited exceptions – in the public option or in any of
5780-613: A quarter of Democratic‑leaners hold the consistently liberal views that would potentially put them to the left of Mrs. Clinton". A June 2015 New York Times report said, "in an NBC/ Wall Street Journal poll this week, 95 percent of nonwhite Democratic voters said they could see themselves supporting Mrs. Clinton for the nomination in the primary. Only about one-quarter of respondents said they could see themselves voting for Mr. Sanders". Two August 2015 polls showed Sanders leading Clinton by seven points in New Hampshire. Both
5950-406: A single-payer reform, stating in the joint session of Congress that "it makes more sense to build on what works and fix what doesn't, rather than try to build an entirely new system from scratch." Obama had previously expressed that he is a proponent of a single payer universal health care program during an AFL–CIO conference in 2003. A number of alternatives to the public option were proposed in
6120-500: A situation where over 400 superdelegates came on board Clinton's campaign before anybody else was in the race, eight months before the first vote was cast." Sanders went on to say that in the states in which he had won landslide victories he believed that the superdelegates "should listen to the people in those states and vote for the candidate chosen by the people." Sanders often drew large crowds, with many filled to capacity and some with additional supporters outside who could not fit in
6290-891: A state-level alliance with the Children's Defense Fund. Later in 1977, President Jimmy Carter (for whom Rodham had been the 1976 campaign director of field operations in Indiana) appointed her to the board of directors of the Legal Services Corporation . She held that position from 1978 until the end of 1981. From mid-1978 to mid-1980, she served as the first female chair of that board. Following her husband's November 1978 election as governor of Arkansas , Rodham became that state's first lady in January 1979. She would hold that title for twelve nonconsecutive years (1979–1981, 1983–1992). Clinton appointed his wife to be
6460-421: A state-level public option and have been pursuing further action, while Delaware, Oregon, and Massachusetts have completed similar studies looking into state-level public options but have taken no additional action, and other state legislatures have considered either outright enacting a public option or at least passing legislation to establish an official study on a potential public option plan. The purpose behind
6630-615: A strong lead among young voters and trailed Clinton by only three points among white voters. According to a national Quinnipiac University poll on December 2, Sanders polled ahead of the top four Republican candidates in a general election matchup. In weeks preceding the Democratic primaries, Sanders was leading in New Hampshire by 50% to Clinton's 46% and behind Clinton in Iowa, 48% to 45%. A Quinnipiac University poll released on January 12, 2016, showed Sanders leading in Iowa by 49 percent to Clinton's 44 percent. Sanders narrowly lost
6800-692: A year of postgraduate study on children and medicine at the Yale Child Study Center. In late 1973, her first scholarly article, "Children Under the Law", was published in the Harvard Educational Review . Discussing the new children's rights movement , the article stated that "child citizens" were "powerless individuals" and argued that children should not be considered equally incompetent from birth to attaining legal age, but instead that courts should presume competence on
6970-438: Is the only first lady of the United States to have run for elected office. Rodham graduated from Wellesley College in 1969 and from Yale Law School in 1973. After serving as a congressional legal counsel, she moved to Arkansas and, in 1975, married Bill Clinton. In 1977, Clinton co-founded Arkansas Advocates for Children and Families , and in 1979 she became the first woman partner at Little Rock 's Rose Law Firm . Clinton
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7140-462: Is totally absurd. The Supreme Court is paving the way toward an oligarchic form of society in which a handful of billionaires like the Koch brothers and Sheldon Adelson will control our political process." Sanders raised over $ 1,500,000 (~$ 1.89 million in 2023) in the first 24 hours after he announced his presidential campaign on April 30, 2015. This was greater than the amount raised by any of
7310-494: The Citizens United Supreme Court decision, and the importance of maintaining public programs like Medicare and Medicaid . In a March 6, 2014, interview with The Nation , Sanders stated that he was "prepared to run for President of the United States" in 2016 , but did not officially announce a campaign. When pressed on the issue, Sanders said he was discussing the possibility with people around
7480-646: The New York Times Best Seller List that year, including three weeks at number one. By 2000, it had sold 450,000 copies in hardcover and another 200,000 in paperback. Clinton received the Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album in 1997 for the book's audio recording. Other books published by Clinton when she was the first lady include Dear Socks, Dear Buddy: Kids' Letters to the First Pets (1998) and An Invitation to
7650-549: The Affordable Care Act to create a public option. The bill would set up a government-run health insurance plan with premiums 5% to 7% percent lower than private insurance. The Congressional Budget Office estimated it would reduce the United States public debt by $ 104 billion over 10 years. Representative Schakowsky reintroduced the bill as H.R. 265 in January 2015, where it gained 35 cosponsors. In
7820-489: The American College of Physicians , the second largest physicians group in the United States, endorsed both single payer and a public option for US healthcare reform. Hillary Clinton Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton ( née Rodham ; born October 26, 1947) is an American politician and diplomat. She was the 67th United States secretary of state in the administration of Barack Obama from 2009 to 2013,
7990-610: The Clinton health care plan . This was a comprehensive proposal that would require employers to provide health coverage to their employees through individual health maintenance organizations . Its opponents quickly derided the plan as "Hillarycare" and it even faced opposition from some Democrats in Congress. Failing to gather enough support for a floor vote in either the House or the Senate (although Democrats controlled both chambers),
8160-650: The Congress of Racial Equality . In 1963, he travelled to Washington D.C. to attend the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom . As mayor of Burlington, Sanders played a prominent role in building support in Vermont for Jesse Jackson 's presidential campaigns in 1984 and 1988 . In a November 2013 interview, Sanders laid out several reasons for mounting his own presidential run, including global warming (current climate change ), economic inequality , frustration with
8330-642: The Democratic National Committee suspended the Sanders campaign's access to its voter data after a staffer viewed data from Hillary Clinton's campaign during a firewall failure. The staffer denied accessing the data but the DNC confirmed it and Sanders apologized. The Sanders campaign criticized the DNC's reaction as excessive and threatened possible legal action unless the Committee restored its access. The campaign claimed it had warned
8500-532: The Democratic National Convention roll-call vote on July 26, 2016, Sanders received 1,865 votes (39% of the vote), which consisted of 1,848 pledged delegates won in primary and caucus contests (46% of the total) and 17 superdelegates (4%). After the roll call, Sanders put forward a motion to formally nominate Clinton, which passed by voice vote . Although Sanders lost, he and the political movement his campaign created succeeded in moving
8670-464: The Democratic Party platform as a whole to the left, including support for a $ 15 minimum wage , marijuana legalization, the abolition of capital punishment , and criminal justice reform . Sanders's previous political successes were in Vermont. He has been politically active nearly his entire adult life. While in college, Sanders protested against police brutality, led a weeks-long sit-in against housing segregation, and worked as an organizer for
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#17327767415048840-521: The Democratic primary , including Joe Biden and Pete Buttigieg , preferred a healthcare plan that included a public option over a single payer plan, and some candidates who preferred a single payer plan said they would also accept a public option as a compromise or step along the way to single payer, such as Elizabeth Warren , who initially said "there's no excuse for stopping at half-measures" regarding single payer, but would later pivot to supporting
9010-678: The Donald Trump Chicago rally protest and the Democracy Spring protests. On April 3, a large number of Sanders supporters protested in front of CNN Headquarters in Los Angeles , demonstrating against the amount of airtime Sanders received in comparison to other candidates. The campaign began to buy advertising in November 2015 when it spent $ 2 million (~$ 2.51 million in 2023) on television ads. In
9180-624: The Electoral College , while winning the popular vote. Following her loss, she wrote multiple books and launched Onward Together , a political action organization dedicated to fundraising for progressive political groups. In 2011, Clinton was appointed the Honorary Founding Chair of the Institute for Women, Peace and Security at Georgetown University , and the awards named in her name has been awarded annually at
9350-561: The February 1, 2016 Iowa Democratic caucuses by 0.25% of the vote (49.59 to Clinton's 49.84). He won the New Hampshire Democratic primary on February 9, 2016, by 22.4% of the vote (60.4% to Clinton's 38.0%), receiving strong support from voters who considered it important to nominate a candidate who is "honest and trustworthy". This made him the first self-described democratic socialist and first non-Christian to win
9520-774: The Hillary Victory Fund , which Clinton supporters represented as a fundraising committee composed of Clinton's presidential campaign, the Democratic National Committee, and 32 state party committees. The setup allowed Clinton to bypass donation limits and to solicit checks of $ 350,000 or more from supporters. According to Politico , "the Hillary Victory Fund appears to be pushing the bounds of joint fundraising in its online advertising campaign, which has included many ads urging readers to "Stop Trump" or to support Clinton." In April,
9690-586: The House Committee on the Judiciary during the Watergate scandal . The committee's work culminated with the resignation of President Richard Nixon in August 1974. By then, Rodham was viewed as someone with a bright political future. Democratic political organizer and consultant Betsey Wright moved from Texas to Washington the previous year to help guide Rodham's career. Wright thought Rodham had
9860-578: The Lewinsky scandal , which led her to issue a statement that reaffirmed her commitment to the marriage. Clinton was first elected to the U.S. Senate in 2000 , becoming the first female senator from New York and the first First Lady to simultaneously hold elected office. As a senator, she chaired the Senate Democratic Steering and Outreach Committee from 2003 to 2007. Clinton ran for president in 2008 , but lost to Barack Obama in
10030-642: The RealClearPolitics polling average and The Huffington Post Pollster average for the New Hampshire Democratic primary showed Sanders leading Clinton by about 3.5 percent on August 28, 2015. On November 20, an online NBC News poll showed that Sanders's national support continued to grow. A poll that surveyed 5,755 adults nationwide showed Sanders was the preferred candidate of 33% of Democratic and independent voters, still trailing Clinton by 16 points. Sanders continued to show
10200-532: The Vietnam War were changing in her early college years. In a letter to her youth minister at that time, she described herself as "a mind conservative and a heart liberal". In contrast to the factions in the 1960s that advocated radical actions against the political system, she sought to work for change within it. By her junior year, Rodham became a supporter of the antiwar presidential nomination campaign of Democrat Eugene McCarthy . In early 1968, she
10370-635: The Welfare Reform Act of 1996 , as the best political compromise available. Together with Attorney General Janet Reno , Clinton helped create the Office on Violence Against Women at the Department of Justice . In 1997, she initiated and shepherded the Adoption and Safe Families Act , which she regarded as her greatest accomplishment as the first lady. In 1999, she was instrumental in
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#173277674150410540-564: The health insurance exchange 's private plans sold to customers receiving federal subsidies. In mid-November, it was reported that 40 House Democrats would not support a final bill containing the Amendment's provisions. The amendment was abandoned after a deal was struck between Representative Bart Stupak and his voting bloc would vote for the bill as written in exchange for the signing of Executive Order 13535 . Former Congressman and Republican House Minority Whip Eric Cantor has argued that
10710-559: The public schools she attended in Park Ridge. She participated in swimming and softball and earned numerous badges as a Brownie and a Girl Scout . She was inspired by U.S. efforts during the Space Race and sent a letter to NASA around 1961 asking what she could do to become an astronaut, only to be informed that women were not being accepted into the program. She attended Maine South High School , where she participated in
10880-522: The student council and school newspaper and was selected for the National Honor Society . She was elected class vice president for her junior year but then lost the election for class president for her senior year against two boys, one of whom told her that "you are really stupid if you think a girl can be elected president". For her senior year, she and other students were transferred to the then-new Maine South High School . There she
11050-435: The "public option" currently under consideration by Congress for inclusion in the final health care reform bill. The 83,954 respondents assigned rankings of 0 to 10. A full national option had the most support, with an 8.56 average, while no public option was least favored, with a 1.10 average. Polls during 2019 have shown a majority support for a public option, including a Marist poll which found that 70% of Americans supported
11220-761: The 1970 campaign of Connecticut U.S. Senate candidate Joseph Duffey . Rodham later crediting Wexler with providing her first job in politics. In the spring of 1971, she began dating fellow law student Bill Clinton . During the summer, she interned at the Oakland, California , law firm of Treuhaft, Walker and Burnstein . The firm was well known for its support of constitutional rights , civil liberties and radical causes (two of its four partners were current or former Communist Party members ); Rodham worked on child custody and other cases. Clinton canceled his original summer plans and moved to live with her in California;
11390-433: The 2016 presidential campaign , Vermont Senator Bernie Sanders sought the Democratic Party's nomination in a field of six major candidates and was the runner up with 46% of the pledged delegates behind former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton , who won the contest with 54%. Sanders, the junior United States senator and former Representative from Vermont , began with an informal announcement on April 30, 2015, and
11560-623: The 715 unpledged delegates or "superdelegates" who voted in the convention in July , Clinton had received endorsements from 505 (71%), Sanders 41 (6%). At the Nevada Democratic State Convention in May, Sanders delegates were outraged by changes to and interpretations of rules that resulted in denial of the credentials of almost 60 Sanders backers, with the result that Sanders, instead of edging Clinton out in delegates to
11730-423: The ACA with a single-payer Medicare for All program. The Clinton campaign stated shortly before the plank was added that as president Clinton would "pursue efforts to give Americans in every state in the country the choice of a public-option insurance plan", while Bernie Sanders applauded the decision to "see that all Americans have the right to choose a public option in their health care exchange, which will lower
11900-430: The Chicago suburb of Park Ridge . Her father, Hugh Rodham , was of English and Welsh descent, and managed a small but successful textile business, which he had founded. Her mother, Dorothy Howell , was a homemaker of Dutch , English, French Canadian (from Quebec ), Scottish , and Welsh descent. She has two younger brothers, Hugh and Tony . As a child, Rodham was a favorite student among her teachers at
12070-441: The Clinton health care plan in their campaign for the 1994 midterm elections . The Republican Party saw strong success in the midterms, and many analysts and pollsters found the healthcare plan to be a major factor in the Democrats' defeat, especially among independent voters. After this, the White House subsequently sought to downplay Clinton's role in shaping policy. Along with senators Ted Kennedy and Orrin Hatch , Clinton
12240-518: The Clintons countered the charge by saying that state fees were walled off by the firm before her profits were calculated. Clinton was twice named by The National Law Journal as one of the 100 most influential lawyers in America—in 1988 and 1991. When Bill Clinton thought about not running again for governor in 1990, Hillary Clinton considered running. Private polls were unfavorable, however, and in
12410-493: The Clintons' private residence. In 1996, Clinton presented a vision for American children in the book It Takes a Village: And Other Lessons Children Teach Us . In January 1996, she went on a ten-city book tour and made numerous television appearances to promote the book, although she was frequently hit with questions about her involvement in the Whitewater and Travelgate controversies. The book spent 18 weeks on
12580-1022: The DNC about glitches in the voter file program months before. On December 18, 2015, the campaign filed a lawsuit, stating the committee had unfairly suspended its access. The DNC and the Sanders campaign struck a deal the same day that restored the campaign's access to voter data. Addressing the platform of the front-running Republican candidate Donald Trump in an appearance on Face the Nation on December 27, Sanders said that "[m]any of Trump's supporters are working-class people and they're angry, and they're angry because they're working longer hours for lower wages, they're angry because their jobs have left this country and gone to China or other low-wage countries, they're angry because they can't afford to send their kids to college so they can't retire with dignity". Sanders said that while he believed these are legitimate fears, Trump had "converted them into anger against Mexicans, anger against Muslims" rather than facing
12750-590: The Democratic primaries . In 2009, she resigned from the Senate to become Obama's secretary of state. She responded to the Arab Spring by advocating the 2011 military intervention in Libya , but was harshly criticized by Republicans for the failure to prevent or adequately respond to the 2012 Benghazi attack . Clinton helped to organize a regime of international sanctions against Iran in an effort to force it to curtail its nuclear program , which eventually led to
12920-521: The Department of Social Medicine at Harvard Medical School and former Editor-in-Chief of the New England Journal of Medicine , believes that the result of a public option would be more "under-55's" opting to pay the fine rather than purchase insurance under a public option scenario, instead advocating lowering the Medicare age to 55. The chief executive of Aetna , Ron Williams , argued against
13090-584: The Republican candidates in the first 24 hours after their respective announcements. By May 5, Sanders's campaign had received approximately 75,000 contributions and had raised $ 3,000,000. Required reports to the Federal Election Commission in July 2015 showed a total of $ 15,200,000 in donations to the Sanders campaign with an average donation of $ 31. On September 30, The New York Times reported that Sanders had raised $ 26,000,000 over
13260-585: The Republican nomination. Rodham attended the 1968 Republican National Convention in Miami Beach . However, she was upset by the way Richard Nixon's campaign portrayed Rockefeller and by what she perceived as the convention's "veiled" racist messages, and she left the Republican Party for good. Rodham wrote her senior thesis , a critique of the tactics of radical community organizer Saul Alinsky , under Professor Schechter. Years later, while she
13430-508: The Rose Law Firm while she was the first lady of Arkansas. The firm considered her a " rainmaker " because she brought in clients, partly thanks to the prestige she lent it and to her corporate board connections. She was also very influential in the appointment of state judges. Bill Clinton's Republican opponent in his 1986 gubernatorial reelection campaign accused the Clintons of conflict of interest because Rose Law did state business;
13600-399: The Senate. Instead of creating a network of statewide public plans, Senator Olympia Snowe proposed a "trigger" in which a plan would be put into place at some point in the future in states that do not have more than a certain number of private insurance competitors. Senator Tom Carper has proposed an "opt-in" system in which state governments choose for themselves whether or not to institute
13770-464: The United States have monopolies in which one company, or a small set of companies, control the local market for health insurance. Economist and The New York Times columnist Paul Krugman also wrote that local insurance monopolies exist in many of the smaller states, accusing those who oppose the idea of a public insurance plan as defenders of local monopolies. He also argued that traditional ideas of beneficial market competition do not apply to
13940-437: The United States in the 2016 presidential election . The Democratic National Committee (DNC) announced in May 2015 that there would be six debates. In February 2016, Clinton's and Sanders's campaigns agreed in principle to holding four more, for a total of ten. Critics alleged that the small number of debates and the schedule, with four of the ten on Saturday or Sunday nights, were part of the DNC's deliberate attempt to protect
14110-565: The Wall Street banks. She doesn't. I want to raise the minimum wage to fifteen bucks an hour. She wants $ 12 an hour. I voted against the War in Iraq. She voted for the War in Iraq. I believe we should ban fracking. She does not. I believe we should have a tax on carbon and deal aggressively with climate change. That is not her position. Those are some of the issues that I am campaigning on." Unlike
14280-598: The White House Security Office. The 2000 final Independent Counsel report found no substantial or credible evidence that Clinton had any role or showed any misconduct in the matter. In early 2001, a controversy arose over gifts that were sent to the White House; there was a question whether the furnishings were White House property or the Clintons' personal property. During the last year of Bill Clinton's time in office, those gifts were shipped to
14450-503: The White House: At Home with History (2000). In 2001, she wrote an afterword to the children's book Beatrice's Goat . Clinton also published a weekly syndicated newspaper column titled "Talking It Over" from 1995 to 2000. It focused on her experiences and those of women, children and families she met during her travels around the world. Bernie Sanders presidential campaign, 2016 [REDACTED] In
14620-537: The ability of cooperatives to compete. While politically difficult, some politicians and observers have argued for a single-payer system . A bill, the Medicare for All Act , was first proposed by Representative John Conyers in 2003 and has been perennially proposed since, including during the debate on the public option and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. President Obama came out against
14790-513: The allegations of wrongdoing in his campaign message. In late May, when it was reported that a State Department inspector general contradicted Clinton's claims of no wrongdoing, Sanders was asked about it by Chuck Todd on Meet the Press . He replied, "Well, again, you know, these are areas that I have stayed away from. There is a process, people will draw their conclusions from the inspector general report." Sanders went on to say, "I want to break up
14960-430: The average paid by private insurers but charging lower premiums than them, thus creating a more widely accepted, competitive product- making it the obvious choice and forcing private health insurers to create their own, similar reasonably priced, more full-featured insurance plans. A public option would be able to offer such competitive options, as they would not be operating as a traditional for-profit business, whereby
15130-602: The benefit of one candidate in the midst of a contested nominating contest." Following the nomination of Clinton in June, Sanders thanked his campaign volunteers, saying, "Let me also thank the hundreds of thousands of volunteers in every state in our country who worked so hard on our campaign and the millions of our contributors who showed the world that we could run a successful national campaign based on small individual contributions – 2 1/2 million of them." Sanders's fundraising efforts have been seen as highly innovative in relying on online communication with voters and proving that
15300-516: The campaign against the public option. Many Democratic politicians were publicly in favor of the public option for a variety of reasons. President Obama continued campaigning for the public option during the debate. In a public rally in Cincinnati on September 7, 2009, President Obama said: "I continue to believe that a public option within the basket of insurance choices would help improve quality and bring down costs." The president also addressed
15470-523: The campaign had received one million individual donations, becoming the first in 2015 to reach that threshold. Sanders raised $ 20,000,000 in the month of January 2016, $ 5,000,000 more than Clinton during the same time period, with an average donation of $ 27. Sanders frequently mentioned this $ 27 figure on the campaign trail as proof of his grassroots support. Following the final primary election (the District of Columbia's , on June 14), Clinton became
15640-511: The campaign trail as proof of his grassroots support, and even ran a television commercial on the subject. He also outraised Clinton in February 2016, pulling in $ 43.5 million to her $ 30 million. During March, Sanders raised $ 44 million from a donor base roughly twice as large as Clinton's. April donations were significantly lower, totaling $ 25.8 million. In April 2016, campaign finance watchdogs and Sanders supporters expressed concerns about
15810-400: The casino ballroom. Lange received death threats to herself and her family online and by telephone after "Sanders supporters posted Lange's home and business addresses, email and cell phone number online." Sanders spokesman Michael Briggs said, "We do not condone violence or encourage violence or even threats of violence", and denied that the campaign had a role "in encouraging the activity that
15980-595: The chair of the Rural Health Advisory Committee the same year, in which role she secured federal funds to expand medical facilities in Arkansas's poorest areas without affecting doctors' fees. In 1979, Rodham became the first woman to be made a full partner in Rose Law Firm. From 1978 until they entered the White House, she had a higher salary than her husband. During 1978 and 1979, while looking to supplement their income, Rodham engaged in
16150-570: The city's first rape crisis center. In 1974, Bill Clinton lost an Arkansas congressional race, facing incumbent Republican John Paul Hammerschmidt . Rodham and Bill Clinton bought a house in Fayetteville in the summer of 1975 and she agreed to marry him. The wedding took place on October 11, 1975, in a Methodist ceremony in their living room. A story about the marriage in the Arkansas Gazette indicated that she decided to retain
16320-429: The corporate board of directors of TCBY (1985–92), Wal-Mart Stores (1986–92) and Lafarge (1990–92). TCBY and Wal-Mart were Arkansas-based companies that were also clients of Rose Law. Clinton was the first female member on Wal-Mart's board, added following pressure on chairman Sam Walton to name a woman to it. Once there, she pushed successfully for Wal-Mart to adopt more environmentally friendly practices. She
16490-518: The cost of healthcare". The call was echoed by President Obama, who in an article for the American Medical Association stated that Congress "should revisit a public plan to compete alongside private insurers in areas of the country where competition is limited." In the lead-up to the 2020 presidential election , the public option, "once considered too far-reaching", had become "seen as a more moderate alternative" to proposals like Bernie Sanders' Medicare for All plan. A majority of candidates running in
16660-437: The country, but felt that it was premature to make an announcement. After the 2014 congressional elections, Sanders continued to discuss running for president. On April 28, 2015, Vermont Public Radio reported that Sanders would announce his candidacy for the Democratic presidential nomination on April 30. In an interview with USA Today on April 29, Sanders stated that he was "running in this election to win," and launched
16830-585: The couple continued living together in New Haven when they returned to law school. The following summer, Rodham and Clinton campaigned in Texas for unsuccessful 1972 Democratic presidential candidate George McGovern . She received a Juris Doctor degree from Yale in 1973, having stayed on an extra year to be with Clinton. He first proposed marriage to her following graduation, but she declined, uncertain if she wanted to tie her future to his. Rodham began
17000-435: The couple's only child, a daughter whom they named Chelsea . In November 1980, Bill Clinton was defeated in his bid for re-election . Two years after leaving office, Bill Clinton returned to the governorship of Arkansas after winning the election of 1982 . During her husband's campaign, Hillary began to use the name "Hillary Clinton", or sometimes "Mrs. Bill Clinton", to assuage the concerns of Arkansas voters; she also took
17170-520: The current health care bill being considered by Congress that did not include a public option, a change from their findings in July of that year. An NBC News / Wall Street Journal poll, conducted August 15–17, found that 47% of Americans opposed the idea of a public option and 43% expressed support. A July 2009 survey by the Quinnipiac University Polling Institute found that 28% of Americans would like to purchase
17340-569: The enactment of a public option first before transitioning to a single payer system. Attempts to implement a public option have also been made at the state level. In May 2019, a law was passed and signed in Washington for the establishment of a public option, which is the first law for a public option to be passed at the state level, and is intended make a public option plan for purchase in 2021. The Cascade Select program which requires private insurance companies to provide alternative plans, known as Cascade Select plans, which are overseen, but not run, by
17510-597: The end he ran and was reelected for the final time. From 1982 to 1988, Clinton was on the board of directors, sometimes as chair, of the New World Foundation , which funded a variety of New Left interest groups . Clinton was chairman of the board of the Children's Defense Fund and on the board of the Arkansas Children's Hospital 's Legal Services (1988–92). In addition to her positions with nonprofit organizations, she also held positions on
17680-687: The event. On the following day Sanders spoke to a crowd of 28,000 supporters at the Moda Center in Portland, Oregon , and on August 10 more than 27,000 people showed up for his rally in the Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena . On September 14, 2015, Sanders spoke at Liberty University , a highly Republican -influenced college, during their Convocation . In September 2016, Sanders made three speeches in New Hampshire on Labor Day, during his first campaign swing since
17850-562: The event. Her address followed that of the commencement speaker , Senator Edward Brooke . After her speech, she received a standing ovation that lasted seven minutes. She was featured in an article published in Life magazine, because of the response to a part of her speech that criticized Senator Brooke. She also appeared on Irv Kupcinet 's nationally syndicated television talk show as well as in Illinois and New England newspapers. She
18020-454: The existence of problems and expressed a desire to do better in any future campaign. Sanders extended an apology on CNN to "any woman who feels like she was not treated appropriately". Sanders's campaign committee issued a statement thanking the campaign workers for raising the concerns, and pointing at new policies in the 2018 Senate re-election campaign, already implemented prior to the events from 2016 coming to light. Former staffers sought
18190-420: The federal government, although some plans called for government seed money to get the programs started. President Barack Obama promoted the idea of the public option while running for election in 2008. Following his election, Obama downplayed the need for a public health insurance option, including calling it a "sliver" of health care reform, but still campaigned for the option up until the health care reform
18360-441: The federal poverty level. An alternative proposal is to subsidize private, non-profit health insurance cooperatives to get them to become large and established enough to possibly provide cost savings Democratic politicians such as Howard Dean were critical of abandoning a public option in favor of co-ops, raising questions about the ability of the cooperatives to compete with existing private insurers. Paul Krugman also questioned
18530-494: The first female president of the United States. To help her better understand her changing political views, Professor Alan Schechter assigned Rodham to intern at the House Republican Conference , and she attended the "Wellesley in Washington" summer program. Rodham was invited by moderate New York Republican representative Charles Goodell to help Governor Nelson Rockefeller 's late-entry campaign for
18700-530: The first lady. Her press secretary reiterated she would be using that form of her name. She was the first in this role to have a postgraduate degree and her own professional career up to the time of entering the White House . She was also the first to have an office in the West Wing of the White House in addition to the usual first lady offices in the East Wing . During the presidential transition , she
18870-488: The first time when her husband became a candidate for the 1992 Democratic presidential nomination . Before the New Hampshire primary , tabloid publications printed allegations that Bill Clinton had engaged in an extramarital affair with Gennifer Flowers . In response, the Clintons appeared together on 60 Minutes , where Bill denied the affair, but acknowledged "causing pain in my marriage". This joint appearance
19040-430: The front-runner, Hillary Clinton. Clinton dropped out of the tenth debate, scheduled to take place just prior to the California elections, citing a need to devote her time making direct contact with voters in California. A spokesperson from Fox News , the television network that was to air the debate, said, "Naturally, Fox News is disappointed that Secretary Clinton has declined our debate invitation, especially given that
19210-425: The government". Sanders stated that he would run a positive campaign with "serious debates on serious issues" and that he had "never run a negative political ad in [his] life". Sanders said that if he were elected president, his cabinet "would not be dominated by representatives of Wall Street". He cited Paul Krugman , Joseph Stiglitz , and Robert Reich as potential cabinet members. In December 2015,
19380-401: The health care plan wanted by the White House and Democrats. This poll also found that 65% of physicians oppose the White House and Democratic version of health reform. Statistician and polling expert Nate Silver has criticized that IBD/TIPP poll for what he calls its unusual methodology and bias and for the fact that it was incomplete when published as responses were still coming in. In 2019,
19550-459: The insurance industry given that insurers mainly compete by risk selection, claiming that "[t]he most successful companies are those that do the best job of denying coverage to those who need it most." Economist and former US Secretary of Labor Robert Reich argued that only a "big, national, public option" can force insurance companies to cooperate, share information, and reduce costs while accusing insurance and pharmaceutical companies of leading
19720-452: The lack of a profit motive reduces incentives to eliminate wasteful administrative costs. Robert E. Moffit of The Heritage Foundation argued that a public plan in competition in private plans would likely be used as a "dumping ground" for families and individuals with higher than average health risks. This, in his view, would lead to costs that business should pay being passed onto the taxpayer. Marcia Angell , M. D., Senior Lecturer in
19890-492: The last two weeks of December and the first week of January, the Sanders campaign spent $ 4.7 million on TV ads, outspending the Clinton campaign. Prior to the Iowa caucuses and New Hampshire primaries, the campaign launched the advertisement " America" . The campaign staff included people with deep political campaign experience and people new to campaign organizing. Campaign manager Jeff Weaver started in politics on Sanders's 1986 gubernatorial campaign. Claire Sandberg
20060-590: The launch of his political group, Our Revolution. In these, he attempted to convince the progressives who had backed him into backing Clinton. In doing so, he faced down vociferous objections from audience members who still supported third-party candidates such as Jill Stein, and those who objected to Clinton as their party's nominee. Nationwide, Sanders had considerable support among white and liberal-leaning Democrats but considerably less among nonwhite and moderate or conservative Democrats. An April 2015 report by The New York Times suggested that "[o]nly about
20230-758: The main priority is maximization of profits, as is the case of private health insurers- but instead operate much like a non-profit organization , whereby all funds acquired through premiums , minus operating expenses , could be paid out on claims (directly benefiting the policy holder , rather than a disproportionate amount of revenue generated from premiums paid to the insurer by the policy holder serving typical corporate uses, such as multimillion-dollar executive salaries and bonuses, stock dividends , and excess cash flows). Additionally, government influence and power would be leveraged to encourage (primarily) hospitals (as well as medical groups and collectives) to switch medical workers currently paid directly by insurers on
20400-433: The majority of other presidential candidates, Sanders did not pursue funding through a Super PAC , instead focusing on small, individual donations. Saying, "We now have a political situation where billionaires are ... able to buy elections and candidates", Sanders called for an overturn of Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission : "To equate the ability of billionaires to buy elections with 'freedom of speech'
20570-868: The middle class over the last 40 years. On November 1, 2015, Sanders released his first campaign ad. Sanders said his campaign would focus on what he considered "real family values ". "The right has claimed the mantle of 'family values' for far too long. When my Republican colleagues use the term they're usually talking about things like opposition to contraception, denying a woman's right to choose, opposition to gay rights, and support for abstinence-only education," Sanders said. His "real family values" included paid sick time, paid vacations, and access to paid family leave. On abortion rights, he remarked that "[Republicans] are saying to every woman in America, that she cannot control her own bod[y]. I disagree. Let's say it loud and clear: Women control their bodies—not
20740-428: The most cost effective methods and treatments, and work in more cooperative teams, which would allow for employees to be salaried, as opposed to the current system where the highest paid workers (mainly doctors and specialized teams) are paid individually for each procedure they perform/patient they treat. Supporters of a public plan, such as columnist E. J. Dionne of The Washington Post , argue that many places in
20910-462: The multinational Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action in 2015. The strategic pivot to Asia was a central aspect of her tenure. Her use of a private email server as secretary was the subject of intense scrutiny; while no charges were filed, the controversy was the single-most-covered topic during her second presidential run in 2016 . She won the Democratic nomination, but lost the general election to her Republican Party opponent, Donald Trump , in
21080-399: The name Hillary Rodham. Her motivation was threefold. She wanted to keep the couple's professional lives separate, avoid apparent conflicts of interest, and as she told a friend at the time, "it showed that I was still me". The decision upset both mothers, who were more traditional. In 1976, Rodham temporarily relocated to Indianapolis to work as an Indiana state campaign organizer for
21250-514: The nation would "get two for the price of one", referring to the prominent role his wife would assume. Beginning with Daniel Wattenberg 's August 1992 The American Spectator article "The Lady Macbeth of Little Rock", Hillary's own past ideological and ethical record came under attack from conservatives. At least twenty other articles in major publications also drew comparisons between her and Lady Macbeth . When Bill Clinton took office as president in January 1993, Hillary Rodham Clinton became
21420-500: The national convention, came in second. Angry Sanders backers shouted down keynote speaker Barbara Boxer , a Clinton supporter. It was widely reported that some shoving, and throwing of chairs and other objects, ensued before Nevada Democratic Party Chairwoman Roberta Lange ended the convention early, but no actual evidence of chair-throwing ever emerged. After the convention was adjourned, casino security guards and local police were called to remove Sanders supporters who refused to leave
21590-429: The party is complaining about." The Nevada Democratic Party wrote to the Democratic National Committee accusing Sanders supporters of a "penchant for extra-parliamentary behavior — indeed, actual violence — in place of democratic conduct in a convention setting." Sanders responded, "Our campaign of course believes in non-violent change and it goes without saying that I condemn any and all forms of violence, including
21760-501: The passage of the Foster Care Independence Act , which doubled federal monies for teenagers aging out of foster care . Clinton traveled to 79 countries as first lady, breaking the record for most-traveled first lady previously held by Pat Nixon . She did not hold a security clearance or attend National Security Council meetings, but played a role in U.S. diplomacy attaining its objectives. In
21930-556: The personal harassment of individuals," but added that his supporters had not been treated with "fairness and respect." In April 2017, The New York Observer reported that DNC chairwoman Debbie Wasserman Schultz had "used the nationally reported Nevada Convention to attack Sanders supporters, spreading a falsehood that they were throwing chairs. Wasserman Schultz never apologized or rescinded her comments." Sanders supporters organized various demonstrations in support of his campaign. They are known to have participated in large numbers in
22100-441: The political processes of their countries. One prominent investigation regarding Clinton was the Whitewater controversy , which arose out of real estate investments by the Clintons and associates made in the 1970s. As part of this investigation, on January 26, 1996, Clinton became the first spouse of a U.S. president to be subpoenaed to testify before a federal grand jury . After several Independent Counsels had investigated,
22270-419: The poor. In the summer of 1970, she was awarded a grant to work at Marian Wright Edelman 's Washington Research Project, where she was assigned to Senator Walter Mondale 's Subcommittee on Migratory Labor . There she researched various migrant workers ' issues including education, health and housing. Edelman later became a significant mentor. Rodham was recruited by political advisor Anne Wexler to work on
22440-460: The potential to become a future senator or president. Meanwhile, boyfriend Bill Clinton had repeatedly asked Rodham to marry him, but she continued to demur. After failing the District of Columbia bar exam and passing the Arkansas exam, Rodham came to a key decision. As she later wrote, "I chose to follow my heart instead of my head". She thus followed Clinton to Arkansas, rather than staying in Washington, where career prospects were brighter. He
22610-474: The preceding three months, just short of Hillary Clinton's total of $ 28,000,000. But Clinton had held ten times as many campaign donor events as Sanders with many contributions of $ 2,700, the maximum amount allowed, while Sanders's contributions had mostly been under $ 200. Sanders raised $ 20,000,000 in the month of January 2016, $ 5,000,000 more than Clinton during the same time period, with an average donation of $ 27. Sanders frequently mentioned this $ 27 figure on
22780-492: The presidential campaign of Jimmy Carter . In November 1976, Bill Clinton was elected Arkansas attorney general , and the couple moved to the state capital of Little Rock . In February 1977, Rodham joined the venerable Rose Law Firm , a bastion of Arkansan political and economic influence. She specialized in patent infringement and intellectual property law while working pro bono in child advocacy. In 1977, Rodham cofounded Arkansas Advocates for Children and Families ,
22950-615: The press had alleged that Clinton had engaged in a conflict of interest and disguised a bribery. Several individuals analyzed her trading records; however, no formal investigation was made and she was never charged with any wrongdoing in relation to this. An outgrowth of the "Travelgate" investigation was the June 1996 discovery of improper White House access to hundreds of FBI background reports on former Republican White House employees, an affair that some called " Filegate ". Accusations were made that Clinton had requested these files and she had recommended hiring an unqualified individual to head
23120-522: The presumptive Democratic nominee. Sanders did then endorse Clinton, and said he would work with her to defeat the presumptive Republican nominee, Donald Trump . On June 16, Sanders gave a live online speech to his supporters, saying, "The political revolution continues". On July 12, Sanders officially endorsed Clinton at a unity rally with her in Portsmouth, New Hampshire . On July 22, 2016, various emails stolen by one or more hackers operating under
23290-692: The primary season. Democratic superdelegates are free to support any candidate for the presidential nomination. As of May, the Democratic Party Superdelegates overwhelmingly supported Hillary Clinton. On Face the Nation , John Dickerson asked Sanders whether the Democratic system was "rigged". Sanders replied, "I wouldn't use the word 'rigged' [...] but what is really dumb is that you have closed primaries, like in New York State, where three million people who are Democrats or Republicans could not participate, where you have
23460-470: The proposal was abandoned in September 1994. Clinton later acknowledged in her memoir that her political inexperience partly contributed to the defeat but cited many other factors. The first lady's approval ratings, which had generally been in the high-50 percent range during her first year, fell to 44 percent in April 1994 and 35 percent by September 1994. The Republican Party negatively highlighted
23630-734: The proposed Affordable Health Care for America Act ( H.R. 3962 ), which was passed by the House in 2009, its predecessor, the proposed America's Affordable Health Choices Act ( H.R. 3200 ), and a third bill, the Public Option Act, also referred to as the Medicare You Can Buy Into Act, ( H.R. 4789 ). In the first two bills, the public option took the form of a Qualified Health Benefit Plan competing with similar private insurance plans in an internet-based exchange or marketplace, enabling citizens and small businesses to purchase health insurance meeting
23800-433: The pseudonym "Guccifer 2.0" from the Democratic National Committee (DNC), the governing body of the Democratic Party, were leaked and published , revealing bias against the Sanders campaign on the part of the committee and its chair, Debbie Wasserman Schultz . Schultz subsequently resigned as DNC chair and was replaced by Donna Brazile , who was also implicated in the leaks and apologized to Sanders and his supporters. In
23970-525: The public option accused President Obama of making an agreement to drop the public option from the final plan, but the record showed that the agreement was based on vote counts rather than backroom deals, as substantiated by the final vote in the Senate. In January 2013, Representative Jan Schakowsky and 44 other Democratic representatives introduced H.R. 261 , the Public Option Deficit Reduction Act, which would amend
24140-563: The public option based on issues of fairness. On the News Hour with Jim Lehrer , Williams noted that a public option creates a situation where "you have in essence a player in the industry who is a participant in the market, but also is a regulator and a referee in the game". He said, "we think that those two roles really don't work well." Public polling has shown mixed support for a public option. A Rasmussen Reports poll taken on August 17–18, 2009, stated that 57% of Americans did not support
24310-577: The public option was to make more affordable health insurance for uninsured citizens who are either unable to afford the premiums of private health insurers or are rejected by private health insurers due to pre-existing condition. Supporters also argued (and proposed possible ways) that a government insurance company (public option) could put pressure on private health insurance companies to lower their premium costs and accept more reasonable profit margins, while also encouraging them to create more competitive plans with wider coverage, as well as eventually creating
24480-520: The race is still contested and she had previously agreed to a final debate before the California primary." Sanders responded, "I am disappointed but not surprised by Secretary Clinton's unwillingness to debate before the largest and most important primary in the presidential nominating process." In a preview of his campaign, Sanders told the Associated Press on April 29, 2015, that he would release "very specific proposals" to increase taxes on
24650-428: The real issue the American people need to confront, "the greed of corporate America". Sanders also noted that Trump wanted more tax breaks for the wealthy and was opposed to an increase in the minimum wage. Sanders was frequently questioned on the controversy over Hillary Clinton's use of an unauthorized and unsecured private e-mail server for her correspondence as Secretary of State, and he consistently refused to use
24820-764: The run-up to the 2016 Democratic National Convention , the Democratic Platform Committee approved a plank supporting the addition of a public option onto the Affordable Care Act. The decision was seen as a compromise measure between the Hillary Clinton campaign who during the 2016 presidential primaries advocated for keeping and reforming the ACA, and the Bernie Sanders campaign who advocated for repealing and replacing
24990-466: The state; the alternative plans are sold on the ACA marketplace alongside ACA-compliant private insurance plans. The law caps provider payments on Cascade Select plans at 160% of Medicare payment rates. The Washington state law has been variably described as both a "public option" and a "public-private partnership". Similar legislation was passed in 2021 in both Colorado and Nevada . New Mexico has also passed legislation establishing official studies into
25160-495: The trading of cattle futures contracts ; an initial $ 1,000 investment generated nearly $ 100,000 when she stopped trading after ten months. At this time, the couple began their ill-fated investment in the Whitewater Development Corporation real estate venture with Jim and Susan McDougal . Both of these became subjects of controversy in the 1990s . On February 27, 1980, Rodham gave birth to
25330-594: The university. Since 2020, she has served as Chancellor of Queen's University Belfast . In 2023, Clinton joined Columbia University as a Professor of Practice at the School of International and Public Affairs. Hillary Diane Rodham was born on October 26, 1947, at Edgewater Hospital in Chicago, Illinois . She was raised in a Methodist family who first lived in Chicago. When she was three years old, her family moved to
25500-412: The venue but still wanted to attend. Early in his campaign, the media favorably compared his rallies' attendance to Hillary Clinton 's. Events scheduled by his campaign were drawing "overflow crowds" around the country. Sanders drew more than 700 supporters to a mid-June event in Iowa, which The Wall Street Journal noted was "the same number who went to a Hillary Clinton event on Sunday that featured
25670-439: The very close 1960 U.S. presidential election . She stated that, while investigating with a fellow teenage friend shortly after the election, she saw evidence of electoral fraud (a voting list entry showing a dozen addresses that was an empty lot) against Republican candidate Richard Nixon ; she later volunteered to campaign for Republican candidate Barry Goldwater in the 1964 election . Rodham's early political development
25840-566: The wealthy and corporations, offer free higher education at public universities, and pass a single‑payer Medicare-for-All healthcare system. He also noted his support for substantial regulation of Wall Street and his opposition to the NAFTA and CAFTA trade agreements and to the Keystone XL pipeline . He made the cornerstone of his campaign the reversal of what he calls the "obscene levels" of income and wealth inequality that have eroded
26010-465: Was a National Merit Finalist and was voted "most likely to succeed." She graduated in 1965 in the top five percent of her class. Rodham's mother wanted her to have an independent, professional career. Her father, who was otherwise a traditionalist, felt that his daughter's abilities and opportunities should not be limited by gender. She was raised in a politically conservative household, and she helped canvass Chicago's South Side at age 13 after
26180-477: Was a force behind the passage of the State Children's Health Insurance Program in 1997, which gave state support to children whose parents could not provide them health coverage. She participated in campaigns to promote the enrollment of children in the program after it took effect. Enactment of welfare reform was a major goal of Bill Clinton's presidency. When the first two bills on the issue came from
26350-608: Was asked to speak at the 50th anniversary convention of the League of Women Voters in Washington, D.C., the next year. That summer, she worked her way across Alaska, washing dishes in Mount McKinley National Park and sliming salmon in a fish processing cannery in Valdez (which fired her and shut down overnight when she complained about unhealthy conditions). Rodham then entered Yale Law School , where she
26520-563: Was credited with rescuing his campaign. During the campaign, Hillary made culturally disparaging remarks about Tammy Wynette 's outlook on marriage as described in her classic song " Stand by Your Man ". Later in the campaign, she commented she could have chosen to be like women staying home and baking cookies and having teas, but wanted to pursue her career instead. The remarks were widely criticized, particularly by those who were, or defended, stay-at-home mothers. In retrospect, she admitted they were ill-considered. Bill said that in electing him,
26690-611: Was elected president of the Wellesley College Government Association, a position she held until early 1969. Following the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. , Rodham organized a two-day student strike and worked with Wellesley's black students to recruit more black students and faculty. In her student government role, she played a role in keeping Wellesley from being embroiled in the student disruptions common to other colleges. A number of her fellow students thought she might some day become
26860-465: Was largely unsuccessful in her campaign for more women to be added to the company's management and was silent about the company's famously anti-labor union practices. According to Dan Kaufman, awareness of this later became a factor in her loss of credibility with organized labor, helping contribute to her loss in the 2016 election, where slightly less than half of union members voted for Donald Trump . Clinton received sustained national attention for
27030-407: Was no different from that of other White House advisors, and that voters had been well aware she would play an active role in her husband's presidency. In January 1993, President Clinton named Hillary to chair a task force on National Health Care Reform , hoping to replicate the success she had in leading the effort for Arkansas education reform. The recommendation of the task force became known as
27200-714: Was on the editorial board of the Yale Review of Law and Social Action . During her second year, she worked at the Yale Child Study Center , learning about new research on early childhood brain development and working as a research assistant on the seminal work, Beyond the Best Interests of the Child (1973). She also took on cases of child abuse at Yale–New Haven Hospital , and volunteered at New Haven Legal Services to provide free legal advice for
27370-449: Was part of the innermost circle vetting appointments to the new administration. Her choices filled at least eleven top-level positions and dozens more lower-level ones. After Eleanor Roosevelt , Clinton was regarded as the most openly empowered presidential wife in American history. Some critics called it inappropriate for the first lady to play a central role in public policy matters. Supporters pointed out that Clinton's role in policy
27540-480: Was passed. Ultimately, the public option was removed from the final bill. While the United States House of Representatives passed a public option in their version of the bill, the public option was voted down in the Senate Finance Committee and the public option was never included in the final Senate bill, instead opting for state-directed health insurance exchanges . Critics of the removal of
27710-580: Was president of the Wellesley Young Republicans . As the leader of this " Rockefeller Republican "-oriented group, she supported the elections of moderate Republicans John Lindsay to mayor of New York City and Massachusetts attorney general Edward Brooke to the United States Senate. She later stepped down from this position. In 2003, Clinton would write that her views concerning the civil rights movement and
27880-531: Was shaped mostly by her high school history teacher (like her father, a fervent anti-communist ), who introduced her to Goldwater's The Conscience of a Conservative and by her Methodist youth minister (like her mother, concerned with issues of social justice ), with whom she saw and afterwards briefly met civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. at a 1962 speech in Chicago's Orchestra Hall . In 1965, Rodham enrolled at Wellesley College , where she majored in political science . During her first year, she
28050-500: Was the first lady of Arkansas from 1979 to 1981 and again from 1983 to 1992. As the first lady of the U.S., Clinton advocated for healthcare reform. In 1994, her health care plan failed to gain approval from Congress. In 1997 and 1999, Clinton played a leading role in promoting the creation of the State Children's Health Insurance Program , the Adoption and Safe Families Act , and the Foster Care Independence Act . In 1998, Clinton's marital relationship came under public scrutiny during
28220-591: Was the Director of Digital Organizing. She worked with senior advisers Becky Bond and Zack Exley to run distributed operations leveraging volunteers where the campaign did not yet have paid staff. On April 14, 2016, Sanders fired the campaign's national Jewish outreach coordinator, Simone Zimmerman , after it was discovered that she had used foul language to describe the Prime Minister of Israel and Hillary Clinton on Facebook. The hiring of Zimmerman, who has
28390-516: Was the first lady, access to her thesis was restricted at the request of the White House and it became the subject of some speculation. The thesis was later released. In 1969, she graduated with a Bachelor of Arts, with departmental honors in political science. After some fellow seniors requested that the college administration allow a student speaker at commencement, she became the first student in Wellesley College history to speak at
28560-609: Was the largest audience for any 2016 presidential candidate in Iowa . Sanders drew a crowd of over 11,000 on July 18 in Phoenix, Arizona . At that time this had been the largest crowd of any 2016 candidate, of any party. On a three-day West Coast tour in August, Black Lives Matter activists interrupted an event in Seattle. The activists removed Sanders from the podium and Sanders looked on as they spoke. The campaign eventually shut down
28730-583: Was then teaching law and running for a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives in his home state. In August 1974, Rodham moved to Fayetteville, Arkansas , and became one of only two female faculty members at the University of Arkansas School of Law in Fayetteville, Arkansas. Rodham became the first director of a new legal aid clinic at the University of Arkansas School of Law. During her time in Fayetteville, Rodham and several other women founded
28900-459: Was unrealistic or overly left-wing. Speaking on Meet the Press on January 24, conservative political commentator David Brooks commented on earlier interviews of Clinton and Sanders, "If I didn't know anything about the race until I saw these back-to-back interviews today, I would think, wow, Sanders really has honed his message, and he's captured both authenticity and joy, and Hillary Clinton hasn't honed her message." Filling in for Sanders at
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