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74-578: The monument, surrounded by a park, stands at the east end of Memorial Hall Square. It is flanked on the north and south by the National Theater and National Concert Hall . The Memorial Hall is white with four sides. The roof is blue and octagonal, a shape that picks up the symbolism of the number eight , a number traditionally associated in China with abundance and good fortune. Two sets of white stairs, each with 89 steps to represent Chiang's age at

148-473: A bright orange or red ink with which they write practice characters on which students trace, or to correct students' work. Commonly made from stone, ceramic, or clay, an inkstone is used to grind the solid inkstick into liquid ink and to contain the ink once it is liquid. Chinese inkstones are highly prized as art objects and an extensive bibliography is dedicated to their history and appreciation, especially in China. Calligraphic works are usually completed by

222-426: A calligrapher has, his or her technique will transfer from youyi (intentionally making a piece of work) to wuyi (creating art with unintentional moves). Wuyi is considered a higher stage for calligraphers, which require the calligrapher to have perfect control over the brush and wrist and following his or her heart. Traditionally, the bulk of the study of calligraphy is composed of copying strictly exemplary works from

296-443: A calligraphy video column with deep analysis of different characters, lectured by Tian Yunzhang . Among these rules are: The Japanese, Koreans, and Vietnamese have developed their own specific sensibilities and styles of calligraphy while incorporating Chinese influences, as well as applying to specific scripts. Japanese calligraphy extends beyond Han characters to also include local scripts such as hiragana and katakana . In

370-409: A chair at a table. Larger pieces may be written while standing; in this case the paper is usually placed directly on the floor, but some calligraphers use an easel. Basic calligraphy instruction is part of the regular school curriculum in both China and Japan and specialized programs of study exist at the higher education level in China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. In contemporary times, debate emerged on

444-516: A long history of shared artistry. Distinguishing features of Chinese painting and calligraphy include an emphasis on motion charged with dynamic life. According to Stanley-Baker, "Calligraphy is sheer life experienced through energy in motion that is registered as traces on silk or paper, with time and rhythm in shifting space its main ingredients." Calligraphy has also led to the development of many forms of art in China, including seal carving, ornate paperweights, and inkstones . In China, calligraphy

518-850: A more intimate Recital Hall. Outdoor performances can be staged simultaneously on the square. The pipe organ by Flentrop Orgelbouw in the National Concert Hall was the largest organ in Asia at the time of its installation in 1987. Both structures house art galleries, libraries, shops, and restaurants. The National Theater houses a Performing Arts Library and publication offices for Taiwan's Performing Arts Review . National Theater and Concert Hall, like all performing arts venues in capital cities, play diplomatic as well as artistic roles. Guests regularly include top elected leaders in Taiwan as well as international artists and dignitaries. Visitors over

592-584: A once-in-a-lifetime souvenir. This practice is associated with the legend of an ancient Chinese scholar who scored first in the imperial examinations by using such a personalized brush. Calligraphy brushes are widely considered an extension of the calligrapher's arm. Today, calligraphy may also be done using a pen . Paper is frequently sold together with a paperweight and desk pad . Some people insist that Chinese calligraphy should use special papers, such as Xuan paper , Maobian paper, Lianshi paper etc. Any modern papers can be used for brush writing. Because of

666-461: A particular artist's work is priced in terms of the length of paper on which it is written. Works by well-regarded contemporary calligraphers may fetch thousands to tens of thousands of yuan (renminbi) per chi (a unit of length, roughly equal to a foot) of artwork. As with other artwork, the economic value of calligraphy has increased in recent years as the newly rich in China search for safe investments for their wealth. ‹The template How-to

740-401: A recent randomized control trial experiment, calligraphy writing enhanced both working memory and attention control compared to controlled groups. In contemporary China, a small but significant number of practitioners have made calligraphy their profession, and provincial and national professional societies exist, membership in which conferring considerable prestige. By tradition, the price of

814-523: A relatively recent word in Chinese) in the countries where it is practised. Chinese calligraphy focuses not only on methods of writing but also on cultivating one's character (人品) and taught as a pursuit (－書法; pinyin : shūfǎ , rules of writing Han characters ). Chinese calligraphy used to be popular in China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, Vietnam and Hong Kong. In Taiwan, students were requested to write Chinese calligraphy starting from primary school all

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888-493: A scribe closer to perfection and earn him merit." In about 220 BC, the emperor Qin Shi Huang (秦始皇, 259–210 BC), the first to conquer the entire Chinese basin, imposed several reforms, among them Li Si 's (李斯, 246 BC – 208 BC) character unification, which created a set of 3300 standardized xiǎozhuàn characters. Although the main writing implement of the time was already the brush, little paper survives from this period, and

962-459: A standard. Caoshu style was highly appreciated during the reign of Emperor Wu of Han (140 BC – 87 BC). Styles which did not survive include bāfēnshū , a mix of 80% xiaozhuan style and 20% lishu . Some variant Chinese characters were unorthodox or locally used for centuries. They were generally understood but always rejected in official texts. Some of these unorthodox variants, in addition to some newly created characters, were incorporated in

1036-447: Is a pad made of felt . Some are printed with grids on both sides, so that when it is placed under the translucent paper, it can be used as a guide to ensure correct placement and size of characters. However, these printed pads are used only by students. Both desk pads and the printed grids come in a variety of sizes. Ink is made from lampblack (soot) and binders, and comes in inksticks which must be rubbed with water on an inkstone until

1110-552: Is being considered for merging .›   While appreciating calligraphy depends on individual preferences, there are established traditional rules and those who repeatedly violate them are not considered legitimate calligraphers. The famous modern Chinese calligrapher Tian Yunzhang , member of the Chinese Calligrapher Association, summarized rules of modern calligraphy. The following rules are from One Question Every Day, One Word Every Day ( 每日一题，每日一字

1184-598: Is considered a form of the modern script though it was replaced by the standard script relatively early. This occurred because the graphic forms written in a mature clerical script closely resemble those written in standard script. The clerical script is still used for artistic flavor in a variety of functional applications because of its high legibility for reading. Regular script ( traditional Chinese : 楷書; simplified Chinese : 楷书; pinyin : kǎishū; Hong Kong and Taiwan still use traditional Chinese characters in writing, while mainland China uses simplified Chinese characters as

1258-411: Is considered one of the four most-sought skills and hobbies of ancient Chinese literati , along with playing stringed musical instruments, the board game "Go" , and painting. There are some general standardizations of the various styles of calligraphy in this tradition. Chinese calligraphy and ink and wash painting are closely related: they are accomplished using similar tools and techniques, and have

1332-753: Is made from the kozo (paper mulberry), ganpi ( Wikstroemia sikokiana ), and mitsumata ( Edgeworthia papyrifera ), as well as other materials such as bamboo, rice, and wheat . Paperweights are used to hold down paper. A paperweight is often placed at the top of all but the largest pages to prevent slipping; for smaller pieces the left hand is also placed at the bottom of the page for support. Paperweights come in several types: some are oblong wooden blocks carved with calligraphic or pictorial designs; others are essentially small sculptures of people or animals. Like ink stones, paperweights are collectible works of art on their own right. The desk pad (Chinese T : 畫氈, S : 画毡, Pinyin : huàzhān; Japanese: 下敷 shitajiki )

1406-531: Is non-temporal and can refer to any characters which have been hastily written. In the narrow sense, it refers to the specific handwriting style in Han dynasty. Chinese characters can be retraced to 4000 BC signs ( Lu & Aiken 2004 ). In 2003, at the site of Xiaoshuangqiao , about 20 km south-east of the ancient Zhengzhou Shang City , ceramic inscriptions dating to 1435–1412 BC have been found by archaeologists. These writings are made in cinnabar paint. Thus,

1480-595: Is referred to as shūfǎ or fǎshū (書法/书法, 法書/法书), literally 'way/method/law of writing'; shodō ( 書道 ) in Japan ('way/principle of writing'); and seoye (서예; 書藝) in Korea ('skill/criterion of writing' ); thư pháp (書法) in Vietnam ('handwriting art'). Chinese calligraphy appreciated more or only for its aesthetic quality has a long tradition, and is today regarded as one of the arts (Chinese 藝術/艺术 pinyin : yìshù ,

1554-530: Is still the same, according to old style. Cursive styles such as xíngshū (semi-cursive or running script) and cǎoshū (cursive or sloppy script) are less constrained and faster, where more movements made by the writing implement are visible. These styles' stroke orders vary more, sometimes creating radically different forms. They are descended from clerical script, at the same time as regular script ( Han dynasty 202 BC – 220 AD), but xíngshū and cǎoshū were used for personal notes only and were never used as

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1628-405: Is the traditional writing instrument for Chinese calligraphy. The body of the brush is commonly made from bamboo or other materials such as wood, porcelain, or horn. The head of the brush is typically made from animal hair, such as weasel , rabbit , deer , goat , pig , tiger , wolf , etc. There is also a tradition in both China and Japan of making a brush using the hair of a newborn child, as

1702-938: The Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra , the San Francisco Symphony Orchestra , the Shanghai Symphony Orchestra and the Vienna Boys Choir . Concerts by visiting orchestras are often broadcast to overflow crowds numbering in the thousands who fill the Square. Professional Taiwanese ensembles that regularly appear in the hall include the National Symphony Orchestra, the Taipei Symphony Orchestra ,

1776-492: The Chinese ritual bronzes . These Chinese ritual bronzes include Ding (鼎), Dui (敦), Gu (觚), Guang (觥), Gui (簋), Hu (壺), Jia (斝), Jue (爵), Yi (匜), You (卣), Zun (尊), and Yi (彝). Different time periods used different methods of inscription. Shang bronze inscriptions were nearly all cast at the same time as the implements on which they appear. In later dynasties such as Western Zhou , Spring and Autumn period,

1850-1022: The National Taiwan Symphony Orchestra , the Evergreen Symphony Orchestra , the Taipei Chinese Orchestra , the Taiwan National Choir, the Formosa Singers, and the Taipei Philharmonic Orchestra and Chorus . Artistic styles and traditions from across the world are represented in the halls' events, including kabuki theater, Shakespearean drama , Taiwanese opera and puppet drama, Verdi opera , African dance , Beijing opera , Broadway shows , Wagnerian music drama , American jazz , Parisian comic opera, and Latin dance. Both venues are

1924-491: The National Theater and Concert Hall ( Chinese : 國家兩廳院 ), are twin performing arts venues at Liberty Square in Zhongzheng District , Taipei , Taiwan . Completed in 1987, the landmarks stand on the south and north sides of the square with Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall to the east. Together the venues are referred to by the abbreviation NTCH . The square itself sits near Ketagalan Boulevard , site of

1998-763: The Presidential Office Building , the National Central Library , the National Taiwan Museum , and the 228 Peace Memorial Park . Taiwan's National Theater and National Concert Hall are two of the first major modern performing arts facilities to be established in Asia . Upon the death of Chiang Kai-shek in 1975, the Kuomintang government authorized the construction of a monument and cultural arts facilities on

2072-571: The Shang dynasty was solely responsible for the origin of writing in China, neither is there evidence of recognizable Chinese writing from any earlier time or any other place. The late Shang oracle bone writings constitute the earliest significant corpus of Chinese writing and it is also the oldest known member and ancestor of the Chinese family of scripts, preceding the Chinese bronze inscriptions. Chinese bronze inscriptions were usually written on

2146-627: The Song dynasty 's printing press , and sans-serif . These are not considered traditional styles, and are normally not written. Different scripts of 馬 / 马 (horse) through history: The ink brush, ink, paper, and inkstone are essential implements of Chinese calligraphy. They are known together as the Four Treasures of the Study . In addition to these four tools, a water-dropper , desk pads and paperweights are also used by calligraphers. A brush

2220-526: The Zhou dynasty script . The Qin variant of seal script eventually became the standard, and was adopted as the formal script for all of China during the Qin dynasty . The clerical script ( traditional Chinese : 隸書; simplified Chinese : 隶书; pinyin : lìshū ) is an archaic style of Chinese calligraphy. The clerical script was first used during the Han dynasty and has lasted up to the present. The clerical script

2294-560: The executive branch of the government established a Funeral Committee to build a memorial. The design, by architect Yang Cho-cheng , was chosen in a competition. Yang's design incorporated many elements of traditional Chinese architecture to mirror that of the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in Nanjing , China. (The Kuomintang (KMT) revered Dr. Sun as founder of the party and the government Chiang had led.) Groundbreaking for

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2368-444: The simplified Chinese character set. This way of writing started to develop in the 1900s when fountain pens were imported into China from the west. Writing with fountain pens remained a convenience until the 1980s. With the Chinese economic reform , public focused on practicing hard-pen calligraphy. People usually use Chinese simplified characters in semi-cursive or regular style. Examples of modern printed styles are Song from

2442-832: The Chinese artist Ling Feng (靈峰). The 88 works exhibited were sharply critical of the Chinese Communist Party and authoritarianism in general. In 2024, the Ministry of Culture announced the removal of military honor guards from the memorial as part of efforts to stop the promotion of a " cult of personality " around Chiang Kai-shek and "authoritarianism". National Theater and Concert Hall (Taiwan) The National Theater Hall ( Chinese : 國家戲劇院 ; pinyin : Guójiā Xìjù Yuàn ; Pe̍h-ōe-jī : Kok-ka Hì-kio̍k-īⁿ ) and National Concert Hall ( Chinese : 國家音樂廳 ; pinyin : Guójiā Yīnyuè Tīng ; Pe̍h-ōe-jī : Kok-ka Im-ga̍k-thiaⁿ ), or together

2516-1009: The Concert Hall, beginning in 1992. Since then, he has played both as soloist and with various orchestras, including Taiwan's National Symphony Orchestra . Ensembles appearing at the Hall include the Juilliard String Quartet , the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra of Amsterdam , the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra , the Czech Philharmonic , the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra , the Munich Philharmonic Orchestra ,

2590-537: The Cultural Center in its entirety. NCH (National Concert Hall) refers to the concert hall alone. Chinese calligraphy Chinese calligraphy is the writing of Chinese characters as an art form, combining purely visual art and interpretation of the literary meaning. This type of expression has been widely practiced in China and has been generally held in high esteem across East Asia . Calligraphy

2664-463: The Han dynasty through the Jin period (link needed). The cursive script is faster to write than other styles, but difficult to read for those unfamiliar with it. The "grass" in Chinese was also used in the sense of "coarse, rough; simple and crude." It would appear that cǎo in the term caoshu "grass script" was used in this same sense. The term cǎoshū has broad and narrow meanings. In the broad sense, it

2738-784: The National Concert Hall have included composers Philip Glass and Samuel Adler and Fredrick Ernest, sopranos Jessye Norman , Barbara Hendricks and Mirella Freni , tenors Plácido Domingo , José Carreras and Luciano Pavarotti , baritone Bryn Terfel , violinists Pinchas Zukerman , Hilary Hahn and Akiko Suwanai , cellists Mstislav Rostropovich and Yo-Yo Ma , pianists Pi-hsien Chen , Nobuyuki Tsujii , Ruth Slenczynska , Tatiana Nikolayeva , Fou Ts'ong and Vladimir Ashkenazy , conductors Simon Rattle , Günther Herbig , Mei-Ann Chen , Sergiu Celibidache , Michael Tilson Thomas , Apo Hsu , Helmuth Rilling and Lorin Maazel . American virtuoso organist John Walker has frequently performed at

2812-497: The National Symphony Orchestra, National Chinese Orchestra and National Chorus . In 2004 this larger organization became an autonomous executive body, the National CKS Cultural Center , headed by an artistic director reporting to a board of directors. Each structure can host at least two events simultaneously. The National Theater contains a smaller Experimental Theater and the National Concert Hall holds

2886-724: The Suzuki Company of Toga and its director Tadashi Suzuki , Yang Li-hua Taiwanese Opera, the Ming Hwa Yuan Theater Troupe, the Fei Ma Yu Opera Troupe and Pili Heroes , kabuki performer Bandō Tamasaburō V , stage director Robert Wilson , and dancers Martha Graham , Merce Cunningham , Rudolph Nureyev , Pina Bausch , Trisha Brown , Liu Feng-hsueh, Lin Hwai-min , Lo Man-fei , Yu Hao-yen and Liu Shao-lu. International performers in

2960-680: The annual Taipei Lantern Festival . The Classic 20 festival in 2007-2008 commemorated the twentieth anniversary of the halls. The festival season featured visits by Tadashi Suzuki , Philip Glass , Robert Wilson , the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra and the Deutsche Oper am Rhein as well as the Cloud Gate Dance Theater, Yang Li-hua Taiwanese Opera ( 楊麗花歌仔戲 ), Performance Workshop Theater ( 表演工作坊 ) and New-Classic Dance Company ( 新古典舞團 ). The standard abbreviation NTCH (National Theater and Concert Hall) refers to

3034-574: The apprentice's master or from reputed calligraphers, thus learning them by rote. The master showing the 'right way' to draw items, which the apprentice have to copy strictly, continuously, until the move becomes instinctive and the copy perfect. Deviation from the model is seen as a failure. Competency in a particular style often requires many years of practice. Correct strokes, stroke order , character structure, balance, and rhythm are essential in calligraphy. A student would also develop their skills in traditional Chinese arts , as familiarity and ability in

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3108-399: The arts contributes to their calligraphy. Since the development of regular script , nearly all calligraphers have started their study by imitating exemplary models of regular script. A beginning student may practice writing the character 永 ( Chinese : yǒng , eternal ) for its abundance of different kinds of strokes and difficulty in construction. The Eight Principles of Yong refers to

3182-455: The brush take up, then by the pressure, inclination, and direction he gives to the brush, producing thinner or bolder strokes, and smooth or toothed borders. Eventually, the speed, acceleration and deceleration of the writer's moves and turns, and the stroke order give "spirit" to the characters by influencing greatly their final shape. The "spirit" is referred to yi in Chinese calligraphy. Yi means "intention or idea" in Chinese. The more practice

3256-407: The calligrapher applying one or more seals in red ink. The seal can serve the function of a signature. The shape, size, stretch, and type of hair in the brush, the color and density of the ink, as well as the absorptive speed and surface texture of the paper are the main physical parameters influencing the final result. The calligrapher also influences the result by the quantity of ink/water he lets

3330-468: The dates of writing in China have been confirmed for the Middle Shang period . The ceramic ritual vessel vats that bear these cinnabar inscriptions were all unearthed within the palace area of this site. They were unearthed mostly in the sacrificial pits holding cow skulls and cow horns, but also in other architectural areas. The inscriptions are written on the exterior and interior of the rim, and

3404-431: The divination ceremony, after the cracks were made, characters were written with a brush on the shell or bone to be later carved (Keightley, 1978). Each archaic kingdom of current China continued to revise its set of characters. For more than 2,000 years, China's literati—Confucian scholars and literary men who also served the government as officials—have been connoisseurs and practitioners of this art. In Imperial China ,

3478-399: The eight different strokes in the character, which some argue summarizes the different strokes in regular script. How the brush is held depends on the calligrapher and which calligraphic genre is practiced. Commonly, the brush is held vertically straight gripped between the thumb and middle finger. The index finger lightly touches the upper part of the shaft of the brush (stabilizing it) while

3552-434: The emperor. Semi-cursive script ( simplified Chinese : 行书; traditional Chinese : 行書; pinyin : xíngshū ), is a cursive style of Chinese characters . Because it is not as abbreviated as cursive , most people who can read regular script can read semi-cursive. It is highly useful and also artistic. Cursive script ( simplified Chinese : 草书; traditional Chinese : 草書; pinyin : cǎoshū ) originated in China during

3626-449: The exterior of the belly of the large type of vats. The characters are mostly written singly; character compounds or sentences are rarely seen. The contemporary Chinese character's set principles were clearly visible in ancient China 's Jiǎgǔwén characters (甲骨文) carved on ox scapulas and tortoise plastrons around the 14th–11th century BCE ( Lu & Aiken 2004 ). Brush-written examples decay over time and have not survived. During

3700-400: The first popular elections of national leaders in 1996 . The site's importance in the development of Taiwan's democracy led to the plaza's rededication as Liberty Square by President Chen Shui-bian in 2007. Memorial Hall was also renamed in a dedication to democracy. The announcement of the new names were greeted with hostility by Kuomintang officials. The original dedication to Chiang

3774-463: The form of inscribed ox scapulae and turtle plastrons from sites near modern Anyang (安陽) on the northern border of Henan province. The vast majority were found at the Yinxu site in this region. They record pyromantic divinations of the last nine kings of the Shang dynasty , beginning with Wu Ding , whose accession is dated by different scholars at 1250 BC or 1200 BC. Though there is no proof that

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3848-515: The fourth century AD, calligraphy came to full maturity. The kǎishū style (traditional regular script)—still in use today—and attributed to Wang Xizhi (王羲之, 303 CE – 361 AD) and his followers, is even more regularized. reached its peak in the Tang dynasty, when famous calligraphers like Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan produced most of the fine works in kaishu . Its spread was encouraged by Emperor Mingzong of Later Tang (926 CE – 933 AD), who ordered

3922-421: The graphs on old steles—some dating from 200 BC, and in xiǎozhuàn style (small seal script)—are still accessible. Scribes in China and Mongolia practiced the art of calligraphy to copy Buddhist texts. Since these texts were so venerated, the act of copying them down (and the beautiful calligraphy employed) was supposed to have a purifying effect on the soul. "The Act of copying them [Buddhist texts] could bring

3996-657: The grounds of a memorial plaza . The project cost TWD 7.4 billion. Yang Cho-cheng and Architects and Engineers Associates were responsible for the overall design. The buildings, though modern in function and purpose, recall traditional elements of Chinese palace architecture. The G+H Company of Germany and Philips , based in The Netherlands , played leading roles in the design of the interior facilities, stage lighting and acoustics. Civil engineering issues were handled by Ret-Ser Engineering Agency  [ zh ] , Veterans Affairs Council . Six directors oversaw

4070-475: The hall's transformation. Public discussion of the transformation began the following year in forums held throughout Taiwan. The Chinese inscription now over the main gate declares the plaza Liberty Square . The calligraphic style recalls that of Wang Xizhi in the East Jin Dynasty (see Chinese calligraphy ). The style is noted for its sense of vitality, movement and freedom. The characters in

4144-502: The inscription are placed in left-to-right sequence to follow modern practice in Taiwan. (The right-to-left order of ancient Chinese tradition had been observed at the site up until then.) In 2018, pro-independence student activists stormed the hall and threw paint on the statue of Chiang Kai-Shek; two were arrested and penalized for NT$ 2,000. In 2019 the Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall hosted an exhibition by

4218-399: The inscriptions were often engraved after the bronze was cast. Bronze inscriptions are one of the earliest scripts in the Chinese family of scripts , preceded by the oracle bone script . Seal script ( Chinese : 篆書; pinyin : zhuànshū ) is an ancient style of writing Chinese characters that was common throughout the latter half of the 1st millennium BC. It evolved organically out of

4292-483: The limits of this copyist tradition within the modern art scenes, where innovation is the rule, while changing lifestyles, tools, and colors are also influencing new waves of masters. Chinese calligraphy is being promoted in Chinese schools to counter Character amnesia brought on by technology usage. In recent study, Chinese calligraphy writing have been used as cognitive intervention strategy among older adults or people with mild cognitive impairment. For example, in

4366-499: The long-term uses, Xuan paper became well known by most of Chinese calligraphers. In China , Xuanzhi (宣紙), traditionally made in Anhui province, is the preferred type of paper. It is made from the Tatar wingceltis ( Pteroceltis tatarianovii ), as well as other materials including rice , the paper mulberry ( Broussonetia papyrifera ), bamboo , hemp , etc. In Japan , washi

4440-401: The main examples of this style are on steles. The lìshū style (clerical script) which is more regularized, and in some ways similar to modern text, were also authorised under Qin Shi Huang. While it is a common mistake to believe that lishu was created by Cheng Miao alone during Qing Shi Huang's regime, lishu was developed from pre-Qin era to the Han dynasty (202 BC – 220 AD). During

4514-577: The memorial took place on 31 October 1976, the 90th anniversary of Chiang's birth. The hall officially opened on 5 April 1980, the fifth anniversary of the leader's death. Yang's design placed the main building at the east end of the Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Park ( 中正紀念公園 ), covering over 240,000 square metres (290,000 sq yd) in Zhongzheng District . A main gate, the Gate of Great Centrality and Perfect Uprightness ( 大中至正 )

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4588-453: The official script. ) is the newest of the Chinese script styles. The regular script first came into existence between the Han and Wei dynasties, and was not used commonly until later. The regular script became mature stylistically around the 7th century. The first master of regular script is Zhong Yao . Zhong Yao first used regular script to write some very serious pieces such as memorials to

4662-522: The printing of the classics using new wooden blocks in kaishu . Printing technologies here allowed shapes to stabilize. The kaishu shape of characters 1000 years ago was mostly similar to that at the end of Imperial China. But small changes have been made, for example in the shape of 广 which is not absolutely the same in the Kangxi Dictionary of 1716 as in modern books. The Kangxi and current shapes have tiny differences, while stroke order

4736-417: The project from initial planning sessions to final completion: Jou Tsuo-Min, Chang Chih-liang, Liu Feng-shueh , Hu Yao-heng, Li Yen and Chu Tzung-ching. The structures were completed on 20 September 1987, and officially opened their doors the following month as venues of the "National Chiang Kai-shek Cultural Center". Vice President Lee Teng-hui and Premier Yu Kuo-hua presided over the opening ceremonies for

4810-496: The right consistency is achieved. Much cheaper, pre-mixed bottled inks are now available, but these are used primarily for practice as stick inks are considered higher quality and chemical inks are more prone to bleeding over time, making them less suitable for use in hanging scrolls. Learning to rub the ink is an essential part of calligraphy study. Traditionally, Chinese calligraphy is written only in black ink, but modern calligraphers sometimes use other colors. Calligraphy teachers use

4884-557: The ring and little fingers tuck under the bottom of the shaft, leaving a space inside the palm. Alternatively, the brush is held in the right hand between the thumb and the index finger, very much like a Western pen. A calligrapher may change his or her grip depending on the style and script. For example, a calligrapher may grip higher for cursive and lower for regular script . In Japan, smaller pieces of Japanese calligraphy are traditionally written while in seiza . In modern times, however, writers frequently practice calligraphy seated on

4958-485: The site new public meanings. The hall and square became the hub of events in the 1980s and early 1990s that ushered Taiwan into its era of modern democracy . Of the many pro-democracy demonstrations that took place at the square, the most influential were the Wild Lily student movement rallies of 1990. The movement provided the impetus for the far-reaching political reforms of President Lee Teng-hui . These culminated in

5032-799: The site of a variety of festivals and special events, including the Taipei International Arts Festival, a series of International Arts Festivals ("Call Out in Ecstacy", "Poetic Essays with Lively Meanings"), the British Theatre Festival, the Chinese Drama Festival, and the Taipei Film Festival . The buildings regularly provide a backdrop to outdoor events on Liberty Square , including visits to Taiwan by foreign leaders and

5106-442: The time of his death, lead to the main entrance. The ground level of the memorial houses a library and a museum documenting Chiang Kai-shek's life and career, with exhibits detailing Taiwan's history and development. The upper level contains the main hall, in which a large statue of Chiang Kai-shek is located, and where a guard mounting ceremony takes place at regular intervals. After President Chiang Kai-shek died on 5 April 1975,

5180-555: The two buildings on 31 October 1987. Mass democracy rallies at the Liberty Square in 1990 launched Taiwanese society on a quick but peaceful transition from one-party authoritarian rule to pluralistic democracy . In 1999, the Ministry of Education under the administration of Lee Teng-Hui , Taiwan's first elected president, consolidated the governing bodies of the National Theater and Concert Hall with those of

5254-440: The way to junior high school on a weekly basis at least to the year 1980. Oracle bone script was an early form of Chinese characters written on animals' bones. Written on oracle bones —animal bones or turtle plastrons—it is the earliest known form of Chinese writing. The bones were believed to have prophecies written on them. The first appearance of what we recognize unequivocally to refer as "oracle bone inscriptions" comes in

5328-621: The years have included Margaret Thatcher of the UK , Mikhail Gorbachev of the USSR , Lee Kuan Yew of Singapore , Rafael Calderón Muñoz of Costa Rica and former First Lady Betty Ford of the U.S. The National Theater and Concert Hall host a constant stream of events by local and international artists each year. Performers who have appeared in the National Theater include the Cloud Gate Dance Theater , The Kirov Ballet ,

5402-502: Was placed at the west end on Chung Shan South Road, with a Gate of Great Loyalty ( 大忠門 ) standing at the north side on Hsin Yi (Xinyi) Road and a Gate of Great Piety ( 大孝門 ) standing at the south side on Ai Kuo (Aiguo) East Road. A Boulevard of Homage, bordered by manicured bushes, connected the main hall with the square. The square became Taipei's site of choice for mass gatherings as soon as it opened. The nature of many of those gatherings gave

5476-580: Was subsequently restored to the hall by President Ma Ying-jeou , while the name Liberty Square was eventually affirmed by officials across party lines. In 2017, on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the February 28 Incident and the 30th anniversary of the lifting of martial law , Taiwan's Ministry of Culture announced plans to transform the hall into a national center for “facing history, recognizing agony, and respecting human rights.” Scholars and experts were invited to form an advisory group to help plan

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