Misplaced Pages

#424575

112-524: Competing against the similarly configured Honda CR-X , the EXP shared its powertrain and many chassis underpinnings with the Escort. Alongside its front and rear fascia styling, the EXP differed primarily in its roofline design, with the rear seat area converted to additional cargo space. Two generations of the model line were produced, with the EXP undergoing a major revision during the 1985 model year. After

224-463: A backbench supporter of Leslie Frost 's government. When Frost announced his retirement in 1961, Davis became the chief organizer of Robert Macaulay 's campaign to succeed him as premier and party leader. Macaulay was eliminated on the next-to-last ballot, and, with Davis, delivered crucial support for John Robarts to defeat Kelso Roberts on the final vote. Davis was appointed to Robarts' cabinet as Minister of Education on October 25, 1962, and

336-604: A $ 1000 gift certificate from Weinstock's. If a winner had already ordered an LN7 they could be refunded in full and their ordered LN7 became the Scoundrel Edition car if they so chose. It's assumed that only 500 of these LN7s were ever made. Another promotional sweepstakes event involved some LN7 replicas of the Budweiser Race Team's LN7 funny-car in 1982. Grand prize of the drawing was a normal LN7 (provided by Ford Motor Company) painted to perfectly match

448-425: A 0–60 mph (0–100 km/h) time of 9 seconds and 1 ⁄ 4 -mile (0.40 km) time of 16.9 seconds at 82 mph (132.0 km/h) which while unimpressive today was good for the era. The 1983 EFI or HO 5-speed EXPs would only conquer 0–60 mph in 14 seconds and 1 ⁄ 4 -mile (0.40 km) in 20 seconds at 70 mph (112.7 km/h) (all depending on the options and model year). But not even

560-704: A 1.6-litre 16-valve DOHC 4-cylinder engine putting out 135 PS (99 kW; 133 hp) in the UK-spec model and 140 PS (103 kW; 138 hp) in the JDM model. Though similar versions of the same engine, the Japanese Si engine was stamped ZC, while the European engine was stamped ZC1. The original 1.3-liter car (chassis code AE532) had an EPA highway mileage rating of 52 miles per U.S. gallon (4.5 L/100 km; 62 mpg ‑imp ) in 1984 and

672-503: A 2005 by-election . In 2014, Davis endorsed Christine Elliott in her second campaign to become leader of the Ontario PC Party, but she finished as runner-up to Patrick Brown , whom he would later endorse in his successful campaign against incumbent Linda Jeffrey for mayor of Brampton in 2018. Davis had supported Jeffrey in her 2014 bid for mayor, as well as Toronto mayor John Tory , former Ontario PC Party leader and

784-452: A 34 mm secondary compared to the 32 mm of both venturis in the non-HO engine), and a higher-lift (0.289 mm) camshaft. Then, in the last week of September 1982, in co-operation with Bosch, Ford Canada assembled the first electronic multi-port fuel-injected (EFI) 1.6 L for the EXP GT and LN7, giving it the distinction of being the first model Ford offered with that option for

896-502: A bachelor of laws from Osgoode Hall Law School in 1954 and was called to the bar of Ontario in 1955. Davis was first elected to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in the 1959 provincial election , for the southern Ontario constituency of Peel . He was only 29 years old. Although Peel was an extremely safe Conservative seat for most of its history, Davis won by a narrow 1,203 votes. The election took place soon after

1008-547: A digital clock, a cargo area security shade, and rims that are noticeably wider than those of Escorts. Models with a manual transmission had a sport-tuned exhaust. Automatic models had a wide-open throttle cutout switch for the optional air conditioning compressor clutch. Other options include floor vents and power steering or air conditioning and manual steering, AM/FM radio, cruise control, roof luggage rack, rear window wiper, various seat styles and fabrics, removable sunroof, right hand mirror, TRX tires and suspension, child seat, and

1120-663: A falling out over Peel Region's proposed Light Rail Transit line, as Jeffrey supported its extension from Hurontario Street in Mississauga further north along Main Street in Brampton (where it would run by Davis's house), while Davis preferred an alternative alignment along Queen Street. Throughout his political career, Davis often remarked upon the lasting influence of his hometown of Brampton, leading to his nickname, "Brampton Billy". On August 8, 2021, Davis died in Brampton at

1232-511: A group of Ford assembly employees took an EXP off the line and upgraded it with parts from the updated 1985½ Ford Escort. This one-off "prototype" built by the factory workers was presented to Ford CEO Donald Petersen , who liked it and approved it for production, as a "1985½" model. Officially renamed the Ford Escort EXP , the second-generation EXP abandoned the controversial front headlight nacelles and widely flared fenders in favor of

SECTION 10

#1732783684425

1344-482: A mild refresh for the 1990 model year. The VTEC equipped models also received a makeover with updated bumpers, lights, hood , brakes, suspension and dashboard design amongst other features. Additionally, some of these design changes were added to the concurrent non-VTEC models. One of the options for the Japanese Domestic Market (JDM) CR-X was a glass roof, a fixed glass panel which stretched from

1456-613: A minority government and lost the popular vote to the Liberal Party , and were soon defeated in a motion of non-confidence by a Liberal–NDP accord, ending the party's 42-year period of rule over the province. Davis was made a companion of the Order of Canada in 1986, and received the Order of Ontario in 1987. Upon his retirement from politics, he served on numerous corporate boards, including Seagram , Power Corporation , CIBC , Rogers Cable among others. In 1985 and 1986, Davis

1568-418: A new aluminum 1.3-liter CVCC four-cylinder engine. The sportier model featured an aluminum 1.5-liter 12-valve engine and was available with either a 5-speed manual or a 3-speed automatic transmission. For 1985, Honda North America replaced the economy model with an HF (high fuel) model featuring a 1.5-liter engine which uses an aluminum block but the 1984 CVCC cylinder head (two valves per cylinder) instead of

1680-399: A principal secretary of Davis in the 1980s. Incumbent Brampton mayor Susan Fennell was embroiled in numerous scandals over expenses and financial record-keeping. Davis reportedly convinced Jeffrey to resign from provincial cabinet to challenge Fennell. After taking office as mayor, Jeffrey appointed Davis to a panel tasked with bringing a university to Brampton. However, Davis and Jeffrey had

1792-548: A revised rear spoiler, new bumper covers and 14-inch alloy wheels. The interior was upgraded and added a center console with cassette tape storage. 1987 was virtually unchanged from 1986 and would be the final year of the first-generation CRX. The CR-X design was inspired by the Alfa Romeo GT Junior Zagato which the Honda CR-X designer owned. The Japanese Si and European 1.6i-16 models came with

1904-558: A sharply sloped windshield, wheel arches with prominent lips, and wide body side moldings not far below the top of the wheel well. The EXP's minimalist grille consisted of two horizontal slots on the sloped front panel, while the LN7 had ten slots. The biggest difference was the rear hatch. The EXP used a lift-up hatch with flat glass similar to the Mustang while the LN7 used a hatch with large "bubbleback" glass . A similar "bubbleback" glass hatch

2016-548: A standard 4-speed MTX-I manual transaxle. The engine was specifically developed for the North American market of fuel efficiency while the European models of these engines spun faster and made more power. Originally there were to be two available engine options; 1.3 L CVH and a 1.6 L CVH, however the choice was made to only use the larger version. Europe ended up with all the CVH variants while North America only saw

2128-462: A tachometer and trip odometer. From the 1985½ introduction to the end of 1986, the Luxury Coupe came with a 1.9 L CVH inline-4 with a 2-barrel carburetor, making 90 hp (67.1 kW). For 1987 and 1988, the 1.9 L engine was equipped with throttle-body fuel injection , termed CFI (Central Fuel Injection) by Ford, while still making 90 hp (67.1 kW). Introduced for 1986,

2240-553: A total of six colors offered each model year. Four color options were available on the CRX and CRX Si and two color options were available for the CRX HF. Color availability would vary based on trim package and the interior color would depend on the exterior color choice. 1988 1989 1990 1991 In 1992, Honda replaced the CR-X with a new, targa topped , Civic-based model called

2352-581: A two-seater commuter car called the Super Gnat. It was to have a three-cylinder engine with a wheelbase of just 78 in (1,981 mm). Ford also built the Mustang RSX concept car, exploring a slightly smaller two-seat derivative of the Mustang. To replace the aging Ford Pinto , the company began development on the Ford Escort in the late 1970s. While originally intended to be a "world car",

SECTION 20

#1732783684425

2464-612: A version of the bodywork from the standard Ford Escort, sharing its flush-mounted headlamps and amber turn signal lenses. The Escort EXP was given a model-specific front bumper with an integrated air dam; along with the Escort GT, the EXP was produced with its own grille, distinguished by a single slot below the Ford emblem. The rear bodywork remained largely the same; with the exception of the Mercury LN7 "bubble hatch" becoming standard;

2576-420: A very wide variety of colors inside and out with many various pinstripes and other painted decals. As the full 1982 model year began, Ford offered an optional (at no extra cost) 4.05:1 final drive for better performance. Later came a close-ratio version of the four-speed transmission with 3.59:1 final drive ratio intended for the same purpose. Ford also offered an 8 in (203 mm) rear brake drum set over

2688-488: Is dependable, efficient, and good-looking". The EXP would be a personal vehicle for two people with a cargo area in back. Ford restyled the Escort from the beltline up. The car received a distinctive new rear hatchback and front hood, fenders, and headlights. The rear seats were removed and the area converted into cargo space. Comparing the EXP to the original 1955–1957 Thunderbird , Ford Division, general manager Louis E. Latalf said, "we're introducing another two-seater with

2800-417: Is nearly 2 in (51 mm) wider than the previous model. The suspension was completely redesigned. Honda abandoned the original torsion bar in the front and beam axle with trailing link in the rear in favor of a 4-wheel double-wishbone suspension. The larger design and revised suspension brought improvements in handling as well passenger and cargo space versus the previous generation. The CR-X received

2912-606: The Honda Ballade Sports CR-X in Japan, is a front-wheel-drive sport compact car manufactured by Honda from 1983 until 1991 with nearly 400,000 produced during this period. The first-generation CRX was marketed in some regions outside Japan as the Honda Civic CRX . Although there are many supposed definitions for the initialism CR-X, the most widely accepted is "Civic Renaissance Experimental". In

3024-693: The 1981 provincial election , with 8 of their 12 gained seats coming at the expense of the NDP. Soon after the election, Davis announced that John Tory (who became leader of the PCs 23 years later) had been hired to succeed Hugh Segal as his principal secretary. He also announced that Ontario would purchase a 25% share in the energy corporation Suncor , despite opposition from within his own caucus. Unlike most provincial premiers in Canada, Davis strongly supported Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau 's 1981 plans to patriate

3136-424: The 29th Legislative Assembly of Ontario began two weeks later on September 13. The campaign featured the first televised leaders debate for a provincial election. The PC's would gain 9 seats in the election , held on October 21, 1971. Davis's first full term as premier was by most accounts his least successful, with public confidence in his government weakened by a series of scandals. There were allegations that

3248-637: The Big Blue Machine , and remained a dominant campaign force in the Progressive Conservative Party into the 1980s. Three months after taking office as premier, Davis announced that his government would not continue to fund construction of the Spadina Expressway into downtown Toronto—an initiative that had been unpopular with many of the area's residents. The section of Allen Road south of Lawrence Avenue

3360-452: The CR-Z , regarded as the spiritual successor to the CRX. Consumer reporter David Horowitz tested the 1984 CRX's fuel economy claim in a "Commercial Challenge" on his TV series Fight Back! commercials for the CRX claimed it could reach 60 miles per gallon fuel economy; according to Horowitz's test, it bested that figure, reaching 65 miles per gallon, and passed the test. In Australia,

3472-663: The Fidinam company had received special consideration for a Toronto development program in return for donations to the Progressive Conservative Party. In 1973, it was revealed that Davis's friend Gerhard Moog had received a untendered C$ 44.4 million ($ 293 million in 2023 dollars) contract for the construction of Ontario Hydro 's new head office and related projects. Attorney General Dalton Bales , Solicitor General John Yaremko and Treasurer McKeough were all accused of conflicts-of-interest relating to government approval for developments on properties they owned. The government

Ford EXP - Misplaced Pages Continue

3584-630: The Honda CR-X del Sol . The CR-X del Sol was also badged as the Civic del Sol and later the del Sol in some markets, and known simply as the CR-X in others. It is because of this that the del Sol is generally considered the "third-generation CR-X" among enthusiasts. In the United States, the del Sol came in three trim lines: S (VXi in Japan, later VGi), Si (ESi in Europe), and VTEC (VTi in Europe);

3696-725: The constitution of Canada from the United Kingdom and add to it the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms . Davis's role in the constitutional negotiations of 1981 were pivotal in achieving a compromise that resulted in the passage of the Constitution Act, 1982 . Davis publicly announced his retirement on October 8, 1984, a few months before the 1985 election , with he and his government still well ahead in polls against David Peterson 's Liberals and Bob Rae 's NDP. One of his last major acts as premier

3808-474: The 1.5-liter is rated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (under the new rating system) at 42 miles per U.S. gallon (5.6 L/100 km; 50 mpg ‑imp ) city and 51 miles per U.S. gallon (4.6 L/100 km; 61 mpg ‑imp ) highway. The Honda CR-X was completely redesigned by late 1987 for the 1988 model year. The wheelbase increased 4 in (102 mm) overall, length increased by 3.2 in (81 mm) and width

3920-508: The 1.6 and later 1.9 L CVH engines. Also the suspension is that of European Ford Escorts from the 1980s, sharing nearly every part with 1980s North American Escorts. Nevertheless, the March 1981 issue of Car and Driver reported that their EXP with a manual transmission attained 44 mpg ‑US (5.3 L/100 km) on the highway. Both the Ford EXP and the Mercury LN7 had

4032-417: The 1.6 L EFI option was replaced with the 1.6 L HO motor, making the 1.6 L EFI even more rare. Also new was a five-speed manual transmission option. Also new for the 1983 model year were new base seats with knitted rather than solid vinyl, while a new optional " Recaro -style" sport seat had mesh headrests. On the Mercury LN7, the woodgrain on the dash was removed in favor of black plastic, while

4144-470: The 1.6-litre 16-valve DOHC VTEC 4-cylinder B16A engine to the lineup outside of North America. The VTEC (variable valve timing and lift electronic control) engine provided increased power at high RPMs while still allowing low fuel consumption and better idling at low RPMs. The B16A produced 160 PS (118 kW; 158 hp) in the Japanese SiR model and 150 PS (110 kW; 148 hp) in

4256-519: The 1980s, insurance rates on two-seat cars were rising over those of cars with back seats, creating a separate deterrent for buyers. Within Ford, the development of the Ford Mustang played a separate part in the demise of the EXP. In 1982, Ford commenced work on the fourth-generation Mustang ; beginning work on a "design of tomorrow", the goal was to shift the Mustang from rear-wheel drive to front-wheel drive, increasing fuel efficiency; in place of

4368-743: The 1983 model year for both cars and leaving the American plants to produce all EXPs from 1984 to 1988. According to an article published in Popular Mechanics , the letters EXP stand for Erika Project Personal , where project cars are designated X . "Erika" was the code-name from the European Escort . A few pre-production EXPs were built just for conceptual design and advertisement. These extremely rare EXPs included many features that would be available in every EXP or LN7. They were all painted in vibrant colors with black painted across

4480-574: The 1984 model year, Honda introduced an all-new two-seater that shared the drivetrain with the Civic but offered unique styling and interior furnishings. At its introduction, the CR-X was available in Japan through Honda Verno dealership sales channels, and accompanied the Vigor , the Quint , and the Prelude . In North America, the CRX was marketed in two versions: economy and sport. The economy model used

4592-628: The 1986–88 EXPs with the 1.9 L EFI HO motor could touch the Turbo model with a 1 ⁄ 4 -mile (0.40 km) time of 17.5 seconds at 77 mph (123.9 km/h). The Turbo Coupe had a unique front air dam and rear decklid spoiler, with a taped "Turbo" badge on the rear bumper. It also had two-tone paint with a black lower section, a unique C-pillar appliqué featuring the EXP lettering, black wheel flares, and black rocker panel moldings. Its only optional features were air conditioning and removable sunroof. Its transition from 1984 into 1985 included

Ford EXP - Misplaced Pages Continue

4704-712: The 1988 model year, the EXP was discontinued, as Ford pared down its coupe model lines to the Ford Thunderbird, Ford Mustang , and the Ford Probe . As of current production, Ford has not produced another two-seat sports compact (its only two-seat offerings have been the Thunderbird and Ford GT ). By 1980 Ford Motor Company had entered a period of major transition. Following the termination of Lee Iacocca , chairman Henry Ford II retired and Ford's chief stylist, Eugene Bordinat , stepped down as well. During

4816-582: The 1988–1991 CR-X was assessed in the Used Car Safety Ratings 2006 as providing "significantly worse than average" protection for its occupants in the event of side impact. Both versions of the CR-X got good safety marks (4 and 5 stars) in the NHTSA Crash Test Results for 1997 US NCAP. The US version of the second-generation CR-X employed the use of side-impact door beams on some models. These models can be identified by

4928-467: The 1990s, meaning that they may no longer be used, even perfectly stored TRX tires are typically found with severe rotting/checking. Due to the nature of the TRX wheels they can't be resized to 14-inch standards either, making the TRX wheels near useless. The other TR equipment pieces were: By 1984, Ford was trying hard to conquer the youth market, especially the affluent young motorist with offerings such as

5040-492: The 7 in (178 mm) rear brake drums of other EXPs and Escorts. As the years went on many different rim options became available but the color choices became more limited. Finally, in March 1982, an 80 hp (60 kW) "High Output" (H.O.) version of the CVH engine became available. It had higher (9.0:1) compression, a dual-inlet air cleaner, lower-restriction exhaust, a bifurcated four-into-two-into-one exhaust manifold, larger carburetor venturis (a 32 mm primary and

5152-598: The B16A1 that came in the European 1.6i-VT model. The CR-X was the second car to receive a DOHC VTEC engine, shortly after the Honda Integra XSi . The CR-X equipped with the 1.6-litre DOHC 4-cylinder engine or the 1.6-litre DOHC VTEC 4-cylinder engine came with a different bonnet since the twin-cam engines were taller and required additional bonnet clearances in comparison to the SOHC engines. The 1.6-litre DOHC engine

5264-585: The Civic, due to the wide availability of parts, the CR-X is popular for motorsport usage. In the United Kingdom, there was a one-make series dedicated to the series 2 of the CR-X which soldiered on a few years after the series 3 was introduced and was popular for showroom stock racing series. Today, the car is popular for use in drag , autocross and road racing events. As featured in the May 1985 issue of Car and Driver , Project Synchronicity Honda CRX

5376-468: The EXP as the Mercury LN7, much as the Mercury Lynx was derived from the Ford Escort. While sharing a common powertrain with the EXP, the LN7 differed slightly in its styling. As with the 1983–1986 Mercury Capri , the LN7 was styled with a convex-curved "bubbleback" backlite. In addition, the taillights were tinted black and the grille had slightly different styling having ten grille slats compared to

5488-488: The EXP was longer, lower, and sportier than the North American Escort. The EXP's wheelbase is also close to the " Fox body " Mustang of the same era, differing by less than an inch in length. Performance wasn't the car's strong suit, since the EXP weighed about 200 lb (90.7 kg) more than the contemporary Escort but carried the same small 1.6 L CVH engine rated at 70 hp (52 kW) and

5600-582: The Escorts they made ( "EVcorts" ). Production of both vehicles were limited as the costs to convert these two cars was far beyond the cars' original values. Its original range is estimated between 20 and 60 miles with a top speed of 60 mph (97 km/h). This idea didn't meet expectations either as these EXPs were lacking both sport and practicality. It is unsure if EVA went on to convert EXPs and Escorts at their own expense. Many other EXPs would be subject to electric propulsion, but not at Ford's expense. It

5712-659: The Ford Escort EXP Sport Coupe was produced through 1988. Externally distinguished by 15-inch alloy wheels, dual electric mirrors, and fog lamps, the Sport Coupe was fitted with components from the Ford Escort GT, including suspension and brake upgrades and sport bucket seats. Fitted with a center console, the Sport Coupe was equipped with a systems monitor (with LEDs as warning indicators for headlights, taillights, and fuel level). The Sport Coupe

SECTION 50

#1732783684425

5824-590: The Fox platform, the Mustang was to become a counterpart of the Mazda MX-6. At the time, General Motors was considering a similar redesign of the Chevrolet Camaro and Pontiac Firebird by 1990. By the mid-1980s, as the public learned of the planned front-wheel drive Mustang, it spawned a negative reaction from buyers and dealers, leading Ford to reconsider the decision. However, as the front-wheel drive car

5936-510: The HF ("high fuel efficiency ") model with the 1.5-liter 8-valve multi-point fuel injection (MPFI) 4-cylinder D15B6 engine, or the Si (sport injected) model with the 1.6-liter 16-valve MPFI 4-cylinder D16A6 engine. The base model was available with either a 5-speed manual transmission or a 4-speed automatic transmission while the HF and Si only offered a 5-speed manual transmission. A modification made to

6048-520: The JDM SiR model featured a 1.6-liter 170 hp (130 kW) B16 SiR-II DOHC VTEC 4-cylinder engine. Production of the del Sol ended in 1997 in North America, elsewhere in 1998 and thus, the CR-X line was retired. Articles on the first-generation Honda Insight have compared its appearance to that of the 1984–1991 CRX. In 2010, thirteen years after the end of CRX production, Honda released

6160-582: The Liberals and 33 for the NDP. The Conservatives remained the dominant party after the 1975 and 1977 elections due to the inability of either the New Democrats and the Liberals to become the clear alternative. The Conservatives were able to stay in power due to the competition between both opposition parties. As there was no serious consideration of a Liberal-NDP alliance after both campaigns, Davis

6272-595: The Mustang SVO, Thunderbird Turbo Coupe, and the new EXP Turbo Coupe also built by Ford's Special Vehicle Operations (SVO). It shared many parts with the McLaren ASC EXP, including a turbocharged engine, Koni shocks, stiffer springs, lower ride height, improved brakes, and Michelin TRX tires. In the car's initial development there was a plan for adding fuel injection and a turbocharger to increase power significantly, but there wasn't enough time to get it into

6384-404: The North American version shared little aside from its engine, suspension, and its name in the final design. The impetus for developing the EXP came from the company's marketing research. The growing number of one- and two-person households, combined with the lifestyle of the younger target audience who desired a small sporty car, led Ford to conclude that Americans wanted a "lively little car that

6496-519: The Ontario Educational Communications Authority educational television network (now TVO ) were established while he was Minister, in 1965 and 1970, respectively. Davis's handling of the education portfolio, of which Robarts was a previous minister, made his entry into the leadership contest to succeed Robarts unsurprising. Robarts himself fully expected Davis to be his successor. He was immediately dubbed

6608-441: The TRX tires also became available mounted onto steel rims. The TR package featured special Michelin TRX tires of a special metric size of 365 mm (14.4 in) diameter wheels. These tires performed well, but were made only by Michelin and with an extremely soft rubber compound. All these factors made for sticky cornering but they turn to dust under hard braking and wear fast. TRX tires have generally not been manufactured since

6720-420: The U.S., the CRX was marketed as an economy sport Kammback with room for two passengers while Japanese and European market cars came with a 2+2 seating arrangement . Redesigned for the 1988 model year and produced until 1991, the CRX was popular for its performance, nimble handling, and good fuel economy. The CR-X was replaced by Honda's CR-X del Sol , which was marketed as a CR-X in some markets. In 1983 for

6832-510: The US market. The original 70 hp (52 kW) engine was no longer available. Fuel injection with the EEC IV was added on to the existing H.O. CVH engine, producing 88 hp (66 kW) at 5,400 rpm and 94 lb⋅ft (127 N⋅m) of torque in a 9.5:1 compression ratio, naturally aspirated configuration giving it an affinity for higher octane fuel. For buyers in regions of higher elevation

SECTION 60

#1732783684425

6944-441: The change from the three-spoke steering wheel to the two-spoke steering wheel, the softer two-piece shift knob and vinyl boot to the one-piece shift knob and square rubber boot. For 1986 a federally mandated third brake light was added which was built into the rear spoiler. By the mid-1980s, two-seat compact sports coupes were in vogue. By 1985, the EXP found competition in the Honda CR-X , Pontiac Fiero , and Toyota MR2 . While

7056-684: The cosmetic modifications and McLaren made the performance modifications. One has the following modifications: a supercharger, turbocharger, tighter steering, 1 inch shorter ride height, Recaro racing seats, TRX suspension, KONI shocks, twin fuel pumps, fuel injection, machined uprights (for wheel clearance), enhanced power steering, and portion-valved brakes. This EXP ASC McLaren makes 120 hp (89.5 kW) and 137 lb⋅ft (185.7 N⋅m) of torque. Ford already had their own removable sunroofs optional for all EXPs & LN7s but later (1984-1985) added their own ground effects, "bubblebacks", and spoilers to save money and turbocharged EXPs themselves to make

7168-491: The death of the daughter of his close friend and advisor, Eddie Goodman . Davis called a snap election in 1977 , attempting to capitalise on the turmoil and surprise following the 1976 Quebec general election that saw the Parti Quebecois gain a majority. He was again returned with only a minority following the vote on June 9. The Progressive Conservatives increased their standing by 7 to 58 seats, against 34 for

7280-563: The early 2000s, Davis returned to an honoured position within the Ontario Progressive Conservative Party. He was a keynote speaker at the 2004 Progressive Conservative leadership convention , and was singled out for praise in speeches by outgoing party leader Ernie Eves and new leader John Tory . Davis was also present for Tory's first session in the Ontario legislature, following the latter's victory in

7392-464: The election had the Liberals in the lead. The Progressive Conservatives won only 51 seats out of 125, but were able to remain in power with a minority government . The New Democratic Party (NDP) won 38 seats under the leadership of Stephen Lewis , while Nixon's Liberals finished third with 36. Soon after the election, Davis hired Hugh Segal as his legislative secretary. On January 1, 1976, Davis enacted Canada's first mandatory seat belt law, following

7504-405: The entire car under the door bumper-lines and had a round silver badge where Ford's blue oval would find itself in 1982. These models were distinguished from production models by dual vents towards the front of the hood instead of the vents later seen on the front bumper clips, an absence of bumper strips on the doors, and rear taillights that were completely red where production EXPs had black around

7616-722: The federal Progressive Conservative government of John Diefenbaker had cancelled the Avro Arrow program. Davis was given the honour of move the motion to vote on the Speech from the Throne , which while purely symbolic, allowed him to give a speech that included two of his own planned projects: establishing what would become the Forks of the Credit Provincial Park , and improving education. Davis served for two years as

7728-404: The federal Progressive Conservatives with the Canadian Alliance , and create the new Conservative Party of Canada . In the 2006 federal campaign , he campaigned for Conservative Leader Stephen Harper . Harper spoke favourably of Davis during the campaign, and said that he learned much from Davis's style of governing. The Conservatives were able to defeat the Liberals to form the government. In

7840-1010: The final Ford Escort EXP rolled off the assembly line. Ford was experimenting with the EXP's potential with the newly released EXPs and LN7s of 1982. A select few of each were turned into convertible models. These models are very rare as Ford did not sell any more than the estimated twenty-eight LN7s and recorded eight EXPs that were produced, not to mention what kind of costs were involved in converting these cars. The eight EXPs were converted by Dynamic Conversions in Hillsdale, Michigan. The 28 LN7s were converted by Andy Hotten's crew in Ford's St Thomas factory where most EXPs and LN7s were built. Very few of these convertible models are reported to be around today. Further experimentation from Ford with their EXPs resulted in producing four all-electric EXPs. These selected 1982 EXPs are powered by 39 hp (29.1 kW) GE (General Electric) electric motors and Soleq parts all built together by Electric Vehicle Associates (EVA) out of Cleveland, OH. EVA used their technology from

7952-525: The first delegate younger than seventeen years to attend a national Progressive Conservative convention in Canada. He frequently campaigned for local Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) Thomas Laird Kennedy , who briefly served as Premier of Ontario in 1949. Davis graduated from the University of Toronto with a BA in 1951. He was a football player during his university years, and his teammates included Roy McMurtry and Thomas Leonard Wells , both of whom would later serve in his cabinet. Davis received

8064-449: The first two production years. The turbocharged 1.6 L CVH engine, available for the Escort and EXP, featured a high-lift camshaft and EEC-IV electronic controls. With an 8:1 compression ratio and boost pressure up to 8 psi (0.55 bar), torque was increased to 120 lb⋅ft (162.7 N⋅m) and power raised to 120 hp (89.5 kW), a gain of some 35% over the naturally aspirated models. All these improvements allowed for

8176-468: The frontrunner when he announced his bid on December 20, 1970. In the early hours of February 13, 1971, Davis defeated rival candidate Allan Lawrence by only 44 votes on the final ballot, after receiving support from third-place candidate Darcy McKeough . Following the convention, Davis brought Lawrence's campaign team, known as "the Spades", to become his principal advisors. The group later became known as

8288-444: The grey rear taillamp lenses introduced in 1985 were retained. To match the lowered front bumpers, the rear bumpers were redesigned. Along with the exterior, the interior of the EXP was redesigned to match the rest of the Ford Escort line. The Ford Escort EXP Luxury Coupe was equipped with low-back cloth/vinyl (or all-vinyl) seats (from the standard Ford Escort), AM/FM stereo radio, overhead console, left remote mirror (standard), with

8400-622: The increase of performance from two larger engines. Both Honda Accord 1.8-liter powertrains were fuel injected and upgrades were made to the suspension. A Mugen body kit and upgraded wheels were also installed. The R. Straman Company of Costa Mesa, CA converted 310 Honda CRXs into convertibles from 1984 until 1987. The Straman-built CRX Spyder was the cover car on the July 1984 issue of Road & Track magazine. Bill Davis William Grenville Davis , PC , CC , OOnt , QC (July 30, 1929 – August 8, 2021)

8512-421: The instrument graphics were also revised. As was the case for the regular Escort/Lynx, the shifter was moved rearwards while the automatic shifter dropped the unusual dogleg pattern in favor of a more common straight-line arrangement. The gas tank was enlarged to 13 US gallons (49 L); there were no notable changes to the exterior aside from new wheel options. The Mercury division of Ford Motor Company marketed

8624-465: The late 1970s there had been a push by automobile manufacturers around the world to make small, fuel efficient cars, triggered by the OPEC oil embargo of October 17, 1973–1974. This embargo included a 70% increase in oil prices, causing long lines at gasoline filling stations and skyrocketing prices for gasoline. A second energy crisis and a renewed recession followed from 1979 to 1982. Ford studied

8736-522: The latter two were mid-engine, rear-wheel drive vehicles, all were similar to the EXP in deriving a number of powertrain and chassis components from other production vehicles. After four years of production, the first-generation EXP was discontinued during the 1985 model year. Originally marketed towards buyers that valued fuel efficiency over high performance, the Ford EXP had begun to struggle against newer, sportier vehicles. Build quality and refinement were also inferior to its Japanese competitors. In 1985,

8848-471: The line on February 16, 1981. The EXP was driven off the line by then Ontario Premier Bill Davis . Ford expected to build and sell 200,000 EXPs and 70,000 LN7s in the 1982 model year, but only half that number were produced. The EXP's unibody rode on the Escort's 94.2 in (2,393 mm) wheelbase, with front-wheel drive, and four-wheel independent suspension from 1970s European Fords. At 50 in (1,270 mm) tall and 14 ft (4.3 m) long,

8960-539: The mounting position of the safety belts. If the belt is mounted in the door, the beams are present. If the belt is mounted in the body, there is no additional reinforcement. 1988 and 1989 HFs along with 1988 Sis and base models have the B-pillar mounted restraints, like all versions sold outside of the US. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) in the United States has determined frontal crash test ratings of Honda CRX of different model years. Like

9072-472: The new aluminum head with three valves per cylinder. In spring 1985, Honda introduced an Si (Sports, injected) model featuring a more powerful 1.5-liter SOHC PGM-FI four-cylinder engine. The Si model included a power sunroof, standard dual remote exterior mirrors, rear wiper, 13-inch alloy wheels and an Si-exclusive ducktail spoiler for the hatch. For 1986, Honda updated the CRX with new aerodynamic headlights. The Si received body color matched lower cladding,

9184-531: The outdated school board systems in the province, reducing the number of boards from 3,676 in 1962 to 192 by 1967. During his tenure as education minister, Davis established new public universities, including Trent University and Brock University , as well as the public community college system . Canada's first educational research institute, the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education , and

9296-452: The province. Although he actively supported and campaigned for him in 1976, Davis had an awkward relationship with federal Progressive Conservative leader Joe Clark . He and Clark held differing views over fuel prices, and the Davis government actively opposed Clark's 1979 austerity budget which included a gas tax. The Progressive Conservatives were returned with a majority government in

9408-588: The real drag strip car, only one model is known to exist and its whereabouts are unknown. First prizes were tickets to two NHRA national events. Second prizes were four go-cart replicas of the Budweiser funny car, eight others were won at select NHRA events. It is unknown how many were made but they were all built by Ford Motor Company with 3 hp (2.2 kW) motors powering them up to 15 mph (24.1 km/h). Honda CR-X The Honda CR-X (styled in some markets as Honda CRX ), originally launched as

9520-528: The rear on all second-generation vehicles is a heavily-stippled black glass panel installed on the upper half of the rear of the vehicle, above the tail lights which aided in rearward visibility. Air conditioning was a dealer-installed option on all models. The Si model came with a power-sliding sunroof , a rear wiper and 14-inch alloy wheels. Underneath, the Si model was equipped with a rear anti-sway bar along with variable-ratio rack-and-pinion steering. The 90-91 Si models had 4-wheel disc brakes. There were

9632-466: The reverse lights. An SS package and bubbleback hatches like that of the LN7 and second generation EXPs were optional, along with black paint around the door windows as seen on second generation EXPs, aluminum oval-spoke wheels, and "1.6 L" badges on the front fenders. At least ten were built in Canada and were all featured in a rare catalog featuring only those cars. No sightings have been recorded since. The first production EXP and LN7 both rolled off

9744-444: The same amount of power. The other EXP has yet to be spotted. As part of a Weinstock's promotion a select batch of Mercury LN7s were built with all black interior, purple exterior, and gold pinstripes along the body and within the black bump strips. These LN7s had every available factory option and could only be won by sweepstakes entries (not open to Weinstock's or Ford employees). Along with being awarded an LN7, winners were granted

9856-546: The same flair, but the EXP will be a very affordable, very fuel efficient car matched to the lifestyles of the eighties." Development took place in Ford's St. Thomas Assembly plant in Ontario, where the majority of EXPs and LN7s and all of both models for the 1982 and 1983 model years were produced. This was also where ongoing experiments and further engineering took place as new technologies became available. The plant produced EXPs from February 16, 1981, to August 5, 1983, and LN7s from February 16, 1981, to June 30, 1983, ending in

9968-504: The support of the party establishment. This period of the Davis government was one of expansion for the province's public health and education systems, and Davis held a particular interest in ensuring that the province's community colleges remained productive. The government also expanded the provisions of the Ontario Human Rights Code , and expanded bilingual services without introducing official bilingualism to

10080-455: The tabling of a bill to force an end to labour disruptions . In the buildup to the 1975 provincial election , Davis imposed a ninety-day freeze on energy prices, temporarily reduced the provincial sales tax from 7% to 5%, and announced rent controls for the province. The 1975 campaign was far more bitter than that of 1971, with Davis and Liberal leader Robert Nixon repeatedly hurling personal insults at one another. Polls taken shortly before

10192-403: The top of the windshield to the top of the hatch opening. Relatively common in Japan, these are sought-after models in other markets. Outside of North America, the second generation CR-X was available with a 1.5-litre SOHC 4-cylinder engine or an updated version of the 1.6-litre DOHC 4-cylinder (ZC) engine. Many of these were fitted with fuel injection as standard. In September 1989, Honda added

10304-581: The two of the EXP. Engine and transmission developments matched the changes to the EXP. The LN7 sold far under sales projections and was discontinued after the 1983 model year after approximately 40,000 were sold; compared to the rest of the Lincoln-Mercury model line, a two-seat compact sports coupe was relatively out of place. The biggest option for 1982 with both EXPs and LN7s was the TR package; this would be available on all model years of both. For 1983

10416-526: Was a Canadian politician who served as the 18th premier of Ontario from 1971 to 1985. Behind Oliver Mowat , Davis was the second-longest serving premier of Ontario . Born in Toronto , Davis was a lawyer before being elected as a Progressive Conservative member of provincial Parliament for Peel in the 1959 provincial election . He was a backbencher in the Conservative caucus until 1962, when he

10528-513: Was a collaboration between American Honda and Racing Beat to install a second 1.5-liter engine with automatic transmission into the hatchback cargo area. The installation of the second powertrain "took six months and cost $ 20,000 dollars". Phase Two of the project was to have Racing Beat install two 1.8-liter engines with automatic transmissions from the Honda Accord into Synchronicity. The Honda CRX would be called Super Synchronicity because of

10640-460: Was a popular competition in colleges, tech schools, and universities to convert smaller cars like EXPs to electric power and then compete against other schools with them. Involved in these competitions were the cars' general performance, endurance, and efficiency. In 1982 American Sunroof Company (ASC) and McLaren supposedly equipped two EXPs with sunroofs, true notchbacks, ground effects, and charged aspiration. ASC (American Sunroof Corporation) did

10752-448: Was a successful local lawyer. Davis married twice, first to Helen McPhee (b. 1931, m. 1955, d. 1962), with whom he had four children (Neil, Nancy, Cathy, Ian), before marrying Kathleen Mackay (m. 1964). They had one daughter, Meg, in 1965. Davis was politically active from the age of 15. Local Progressive Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) Gordon Graydon was a frequent guest at Davis's parents' house, and Davis himself became

10864-421: Was able to avoid defeat in the legislature by appealing to other parties for support on particular initiatives. The opposition parties had also undergone leadership changes; Nixon and Lewis, who had posed a strong challenge to Davis, resigned after the 1975 and 1977 elections, respectively. Nixon's successor Stuart Lyon Smith proved unable to increase Liberal support, while new NDP leader Michael Cassidy lacked

10976-476: Was also added to the Fox body second generation Mercury Capri for 1983–1986 as a styling revision. These features made the coefficient of drag low for both the EXP (0.37) and LN7 (0.36), and also helped fuel efficiency. Priced considerably higher than the Escort, the EXP carried an extensive list of standard equipment. It included power brakes , full instrumentation, full carpeting, map lighting (non-sunroof), electric back window defroster, power hatchback release,

11088-583: Was also the option of the D14A1 engine with automatic gearbox which featured twin carburetors. ABS was optional on the Japanese SiR and came standard on the UK 1.6i-VT model, but never came on the LHD European 1.6i-VT. In the US, three different trim levels were available: The standard (unlabeled, sometimes called the "DX") equipped with the 1.5-liter 16-valve dual-point fuel injection 4-cylinder D15B2 engine,

11200-529: Was appointed minister of education under John Robarts . During this period, Davis created the community college system and the educational television network now known as TVO . In 1971, he succeeded Robarts as the premier of Ontario and held the position until resigning in 1985. He led the Progressive Conservatives to victory in four consecutive elections, winning two majority governments and two minority governments . As premier, Davis

11312-493: Was cleared of impropriety in all cases, but its popular support nonetheless declined. The Conservatives lost four key by-elections in 1973 and 1974. On the policy front, the Davis administration introduced regional governments for Durham , Hamilton-Wentworth , Haldimand-Norfolk , and Waterloo but shelved further plans in response to popular protests. He faced a significant backlash from teachers in December 1973, following

11424-417: Was compromised during the 1990s by the party's shift to the right under Mike Harris . Many Conservatives parliamentarians were openly dismissive of Davis-era spending policies, and frequently highlighted the differences between Davis and Harris on policy issues. Davis remained a supporter of the party, but seldom appeared at official events. In 2003, Davis played a role in the successful negotiations to merge

11536-443: Was elected leader at a January 1985 leadership convention over Larry Grossman (who was widely considered the successor to Davis and his Big Blue Machine ). Although Miller was more conservative, the Progressive Conservatives still held a significant lead over the opposition when the election was called. However, after a poor campaign and controversy over Catholic school funding, in the 1985 provincial election they were reduced to

11648-528: Was fitted with a 106 hp (79 kW) version of the 1.9 L CVH engine, equipped with multiport fuel injection. For 1987, the output was increased to 115 hp (86 kW). From its 1982 introduction, sales of the EXP were never as strong as Ford marketing executives had intended. After the introduction of competitive two-seat vehicles (such as the Pontiac Fiero, Toyota MR2 and Honda CRX), buyers shifted towards higher-performance vehicles. During

11760-413: Was only slightly taller than the 1.6-litre SOHC engine and required a different bonnet with a bump on one side which offered the additional necessary clearance to clear the cam gear cover. Cars equipped with a 1.6-litre DOHC VTEC 4-cylinder engine came with a bonnet that was raised across most of the engine bay to offer additional overall clearance for the taller engine. In some LHD European markets, there

11872-442: Was re-elected by a greatly increased margin in the 1963 provincial election . He was given additional responsibilities as Ontario's Minister of University Affairs on May 14, 1964, and held both portfolios until 1971. He significantly increased education funding during the 1960s; spending increased by 454% between 1962 and 1971 and hundreds of public schools were opened. Davis also oversaw a controversial overhaul and amalgamation of

11984-410: Was reported to often achieve over 70 miles per U.S. gallon (3.4 L/100 km; 84 mpg ‑imp ) in favorable driving conditions. The later 1.5-liter American-market CRX HF (high fuel economy) model (chassis codes EC1 and AF) could also reliably achieve very good gas mileage, more than a decade before gas-electric hybrids appeared on the market, and at no price premium over the base model;

12096-582: Was responsible for the cancellation of the Spadina Expressway , the funding of Catholic secondary schools through grade 12, the formation of Canada's first Ministry of the Environment , and rent control , as well as playing a large role in the patriation of the Constitution of Canada . Davis was born on July 30, 1929, at Toronto General Hospital , Toronto , Ontario, the son of Vera Mildred ( née Hewetson) and Albert Grenville Davis. His father

12208-616: Was significantly far along in the development cycle, Ford chose to bring it to production, renaming it Ford Probe (after a series of aerodynamically advanced Ford concept cars). As Ford could not afford the market overlap of producing three compact sports coupes (alongside the Ford Festiva, Ford Escort, and Ford Tempo two-doors), the company chose to discontinue the Escort EXP, as it was the slowest-selling nameplate. In October 1988, after over 225,000 Ford (Escort) EXPs were produced,

12320-406: Was subsequently nicknamed the "Davis ditch". In July 1971, he created appointed the first Minister of the Environment , George Kerr . On August 31, Davis announced the rejection of a proposal to grant full funding to Ontario's Catholic high schools—which were only publicly funded up to grade 10—stating that it "would fragment the present system beyond recognition and repair". The campaign to elect

12432-706: Was the Canadian half of a joint task force with the United States (with Drew Lewis as his American counterpart) appointed by Brian Mulroney and Ronald Reagan to solve the ongoing acid rain issues affecting the Great Lakes. Their report was popularly referred to as the Acid Rain Treaty ; Davis was paid $ 1 for his work, proudly framing the bill at his cottage. Davis's reputation within the Ontario Progressive Conservatives

12544-494: Was to reverse his 1971 decision against the full funding of Catholic schools, and announce that such funding would be provided to the end of Grade Thirteen. Although the policy was supported by all parties in the legislature, it was unpopular with some in the Conservatives' traditional rural Protestant base, and many would stay home in the upcoming election because of this issue. Davis was succeeded by Frank Miller , who

#424575