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117-498: In 1973, businessman Michael J. Dupey founded Michaels in Dallas , Texas when he converted a money-losing Ben Franklin five and dime store into an arts and crafts store. In 1982, Dallas businessman Sam Wyly bought a controlling interest in the company, which by then had 11 outlets with annual revenues around $ 10 million. After the sale, Dupey founded MJ Designs, which was later bought out by The Michaels Companies. In 1984, Michaels

234-566: A $ 500 million common stock issue, came on March 30. The ticker would be MIK on the NYSE . A report on the filing put the company's debt at $ 3.8 billion and said 2011 revenue was $ 4.2 billion and net income was $ 176M. In July, the IPO was "put on hold indefinitely" after CEO John Menzer suffered a stroke. In Menzer's absence, Lew Klessel, Bain managing director, and Charles Sonsteby, Michaels' chief administrative officer and chief financial officer, served in

351-642: A 101-unit store chain. In 1995, Michaels Stores acquired Aaron Brothers Holdings, Inc., a specialty framing and art supply store. By 1996, Michaels' sales reached $ 1.24 billion with 450 stores. In 2006, two private equity groups, Bain Capital and the Blackstone Group , purchased Michaels Stores for $ 6 billion, taking it private. In May 2007, Martha Stewart and Michaels launched "Martha Stewart Crafts", an online resource for home "do-it-yourselfers" with how-to instructions, projects, and crafting products. In

468-524: A background paper with a torn edge. While a physical page can only be torn once and never restored, a digital paper can be torn and untorn with ease, allowing the scrapbooker to try out different looks without wasting supplies. Some web-based digital scrapbooks include a variety of wallpapers and backgrounds to help the users create a rich visual experience. Each paper, photo, or embellishment exists on its own layer in your document, and you can reposition them at your discretion. Furthermore, digital scrapbooking

585-478: A band to keep closed. The cover can hold up to six inserts which can be used in many ways. The notebook has grown in popularity, allowing for journaling and memory keeping for any interests. Mini albums are another great way of memory keeping and a new trend in scrapbooking. They can be made in different sizes based on the number of photos to be put inside the album. These mini albums can be constructed and hand made from scratch. The most important scrapbooking supply

702-443: A few hours to days of uninterrupted time to work on their scrapbooks, cards, or any project they are needing to accomplish. Events are planned informally at one's home, a church hall or establishments with meeting rooms to the larger attended crops that encompass days of time in a hotel, where the attendee stays in the same hotel and works in the large ballroom or conference rooms in the hotel with tens to hundreds of attendees. Some of

819-643: A group of French Socialists established La Réunion , a short-lived community, along the Trinity River in what is now West Dallas. With the construction of railroads, Dallas became a business and trading center and was booming by the end of the 19th century. It became an industrial city, attracting workers from Texas , the South, and the Midwest . The Praetorian Building in Dallas of 15 stories, built in 1909,

936-466: A home-based retailer of scrapbooking supplies founded in 1987, saw $ 425 million in retail sales in 2004. However, Creative Memories' parent company filed Chapter 11 in 2013 and became the bankruptcy with the largest debt in the Twin City area. According to Google Trends, the search terms related to scrapbook and scrapbooking have seen a 70 percent decline since its peak in 2005–2006. However, there

1053-665: A model of downloading software onto a personal computer that will organize photos and help create the digital scrapbook. With the growth of Web 2.0 functionality, digital scrapbooking is going back online, to avoid the hassles of having to download and install PC software. The availability of cheap online storage (e.g., on Amazon's S3 service), and the desire to leverage pre-uploaded online albums (e.g., on Yahoo's Flickr ) make it more convenient for users to directly compose their digital scrapbooks online. Print on demand fulfillment enables such digital scrapbooks to effectively supplant traditional scrapbooks. Digital scrapbooking has advanced to

1170-480: A number of private brands including Recollections, Studio Decor, Bead Landing, Creatology, Ashland, Celebrate It, Art Minds, Artist's Loft, Craft Smart, Loops & Threads, Make Market, Foamies, LockerLookz, Imagin8, and Sticky Sticks. Michaels also offers custom framing through its Aaron Brothers Custom Framing store-within-a-store and online. Online, customers can upload, edit and print photos from their computer or social media sites. They can then select and customize

1287-409: A number of electronic die-cutting machines resembling a plotter with a drag knife have hit the market (e.g. The Cricut ), enabling scrappers to use their computer to create die cuts out of any shape or font with the use of free or third party software. Scrapbook makers will also use magazine clippings to "decorate" a scrapbook. One of the key components of modern scrapbooking is the archival quality of

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1404-717: A plan the lake's neighboring cities oppose. Dallas has a humid subtropical climate ( Köppen climate classification : Cfa , Trewartha : Cfhk ) characteristic of the Southern Plains of the United States. It also has both continental and tropical characteristics, characterized by a relatively wide annual temperature range for the latitude. Located at the lower end of Tornado Alley , it is prone to extreme weather, tornadoes, and hailstorms. Summers in Dallas are very hot with high humidity, although extended periods of dry weather often occur. July and August are typically

1521-549: A public company under newly formed parent The Michaels Companies . In 2020, Ashley Buchanan , formerly of Walmart , became the new CEO of Michaels. Later that year, Michaels introduced a new store concept at two locations in Texas, which features a new open layout built around "inspiration hubs", new "maker space" areas for instruction, and self-service pickup lockers for online orders. The company stated that aspects of this concept would be introduced at new and renovated locations in

1638-403: A quicker, more simple way that allowed her the flexibility to complete the project, but still in an attractive, cohesive way. One of the newest trends into scrapbooking is bringing the layout designs down to a much smaller size. Small enough to carry in a small bag with on the go updates and area for creativity and memory keeping. A traditional traveler's notebook is a simple leather cover with

1755-696: A reference to cropping or trimming printed photographs, was coined to describe these events. Following the lead of Keeping Memories Alive (which was originally in the smaller building next door and named The Annex in its early years), many other stores have popped up and cater to the scrapbooking community. These shops provide many of the necessary tools for every scrapbooker's needs. Besides Keeping Memories Alive, these include companies such as Creative Memories, Making Memories, Stampin' Up!, and Close to My Heart. The scrapbooking industry doubled in size between 2001 and 2004 to $ 2.5 billion with over 1,600 companies creating scrapbooking products by 2003. Creative Memories,

1872-630: A robot-delivered bomb, killing Johnson inside Dallas College El Centro Campus . The shooting occurred in an area of hotels, restaurants, businesses, and residential apartments only a few blocks away from Dealey Plaza. Dallas is situated in the Southern United States , in North Texas . It is the county seat of Dallas County and portions of the city extend into neighboring Collin , Denton , Kaufman , and Rockwall counties. Many suburbs surround Dallas; three enclaves are within

1989-607: A signature building in Bank of America Plaza which is lit up in neon but falls outside the top two hundred tallest buildings in the world. Although some of Dallas's architecture dates from the late 19th and early 20th centuries, most of the notable architecture in the city is from the modernist and postmodernist eras. Iconic examples of modernist architecture include Reunion Tower , the John Fitzgerald Kennedy Memorial , I. M. Pei 's Dallas City Hall and

2106-513: A social circle on their books, cards or other projects. It is similar to the old quilting bees that used to be socially prevalent, but has been replaced by today's "Crop". Attendees bring specific supplies themselves to work on said projects and sometimes there are vendors at these events to purchase any extra scrapbooking needs. At these events ideas are shared, techniques are taught to one another, products used (e.g. cutting machines such as, Silhouette & Cricut) are learned about and attendees have

2223-584: A specific event, but specifically as embellishments for albums. In 1775, James Granger published a history of England with several blank pages at the end of the book. The pages were designed to allow the book's owner to personalize the book with their own memorabilia. The practice of pasting engravings, lithographs, and other illustrations into books, or even taking the books apart, inserting new matter, and rebinding them, became known as extra-illustrating or grangerizing . Additionally, friendship albums, confession albums , and school yearbooks afforded girls in

2340-417: A specific pH range for acid-free materials. ISO 18902 prohibits the use of harmful materials, including Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and Cellulose nitrate . The new era of digital scrapbooking has allowed many previous inconveniences of scrapbooking to be absolved and for supplies to become readily accessible. Online programs provide all of the features, that could previously only be purchased separately, all in

2457-460: A temporary Office of CEO. In February 2013, Chuck Rubin was appointed CEO. Rubin was president and CEO of personal-care specialty retailer Ulta Beauty at the time of his appointment and had previously been with Office Depot and Accenture . The Michaels Office of CEO was discontinued when Rubin assumed his position later in February and Sonsteby continued as CAO/CFO. In June 2014, Michaels became

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2574-630: A total of 312 residents according to 2019's census estimates, down from 606 in 2017. Hispanic or Latino Americans of any race made up 41.2% of the estimated population in 2019. Among the Hispanic or Latino American population in 2019, 34.6% of Dallas was Mexican , 0.4% Puerto Rican , 0.2% Cuban and 6.0% other Hispanic or Latino American. In 2017's American Community Survey estimates among the demographic 35.5% were Mexican, 0.6% Puerto Rican, 0.4% Cuban, and 5.4% other Hispanic or Latino. By 2020, Hispanic or Latino Americans of any race continued to constitute

2691-423: A trip to New York to see a Broadway show. Solid objects such as plants, silverware, or small trinkets were also used when further visual representation was needed. A page from these subject-based scrapbooks might include class schedules, exam booklets, letters from professors, or other printed material from school events. Thus scrapbooks from this era can create a more complete image of their maker's life. During

2808-890: A variety of named districts, including the West End Historic District , the Arts District , the Main Street District , Farmers Market District , the City Center Business District , the Convention Center District , and the Reunion District . This area includes Uptown, Victory Park , Harwood, Oak Lawn, Dallas Design District , Trinity Groves , Turtle Creek , Cityplace , Knox/Henderson , Greenville , and West Village . East Dallas

2925-406: A variety of sizes consisting of blank printed background papers into which one can journal and glue mementos into. Another variation is the introduction and growth of pocket scrapbooking, most well-known and represented by Project Life created and introduced by Becky Higgins. Higgins created the system in response to her personal desire to continue record the lives of her children and family, but in

3042-404: A white mob of hundreds of people lynched a black man, Allen Brooks , accused of raping a little girl. The mob tortured Brooks, then killed him at the downtown intersection of Main and Akard by hanging him from a decorative archway inscribed with the words "Welcome Visitors". Thousands of Dallasites came to gawk at the torture scene, collecting keepsakes and posing for photographs. In 1921,

3159-456: Is November 12, and the average date of last frost is March 12. January is typically the coldest month, with an average daytime high of 56.8 °F (14 °C) and an average nighttime low of 37.3 °F (3 °C). The normal daily average temperature in January is 47.0 °F (8 °C) but sharp swings in temperature can occur, as strong cold fronts known as " Blue Northers " pass through

3276-429: Is a personal choice and it can describe the event, the photographs, or relate feelings and emotions. Handwritten journaling is considered best by some scrapbookers who see handwriting as valuable for posterity, but many people journal on the computer and print it onto a variety of surfaces including vellum, tape, ribbon, and paper. Scrapbookers will sometimes refer to sketches for inspiration for their pages. Sketches are

3393-407: Is credited with turning scrapbooking from what was once just the ages-old hobby into the actual industry containing businesses devoted specifically to the manufacturing and sale of scrapbooking supplies. She began designing creative pages for her family's photo memories, inserting the completed pages into sheet protectors collected in 3-ring binders . By 1980, she had assembled over fifty volumes and

3510-399: Is for older women. However, if one takes a closer look, it is easy to see all the ways people continue memory keeping even if it doesn't fall strictly within the definition of traditional scrapbooking as defined here. Some examples include the advent of Smash books created by EK Success, which in some ways, are a closer representation to original scrapbooks in that they are wire bound books in

3627-433: Is home to many areas, neighborhoods, and communities. Dallas can be divided into several geographical areas which include larger geographical sections of territory including many subdivisions or neighborhoods, forming macroneighborhoods. Central Dallas is anchored by Downtown Dallas, the center of the city, along with Oak Lawn and Uptown , areas characterized by dense retail, restaurants, and nightlife. Downtown Dallas has

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3744-700: Is important to many scrappers to protect their pages with clear page protectors. Basic materials include background papers (including printed and cardstock paper ), photo corner mounts (or other means of mounting photos such as adhesive dots, photo mounting tape, or acid-free glue), scissors , a paper trimmer or cutting tool, art pens, archival pens for journaling, and mounting glues (like thermo-tac). More elaborate designs require more specialized tools such as die cut templates, rubber stamps , craft punches, stencils, inking tools, eyelet setters, heat embossing tools, and personal die cut machines. Many people who enjoy scrapbooking will create their own background papers by using

3861-449: Is much debate among the community of people who engage in memory keeping about what the decline means for the health and future of the industry as a whole. What seems to be clear is that traditional scrapbooking is once again in a transition period due to many forces including current economic issues, the influence of social media and the ease of digital sharing, and the rejection of the stereotype of traditional scrapbooks being something that

3978-600: Is not limited to digital storage and display. Many digital scrappers print their finished layouts to be stored in scrapbook albums. Others have books professionally printed in hard bound books to be saved as keepsakes. Professional printing- and binding-services offer free software to create scrapbooks with professional layouts and individual layout capabilities. Because of the integrated design and order workflow, real hardcover bound books can be produced more cost effectively. Early digital scrapbooks were created from digital photos uploaded to an external site. Over time, this moved to

4095-482: Is surrounded by undeveloped land on all sides. Swampland and wetlands separating it from South Dallas are part of the Great Trinity Forest , a subsection of the city's Trinity River Project , newly appreciated for habitat and flood control . Dallas and its surrounding area are mostly flat. The city lies at elevations ranging from 450 to 550 feet (137 to 168 m) above sea level. The western edge of

4212-485: Is the album itself, which can be permanently bound, or allow for the insertion of pages. There are other formats such as mini albums and accordion-style fold-out albums. Some of these are adhered to various containers, such as matchbooks, CD cases, or other small holders. When scrap artists started moving away from the "page" and onto alternative surfaces and objectives, they termed these creations "altered items" or now simply called "off-the-page". This movement circles back to

4329-423: Is the location of Cedars , and Fair Park , where the annual State Fair of Texas is held from late September through mid-October. Also located here is Exposition Park, Dallas , noted for having artists, art galleries, and bars along tree-lined Exposition Avenue. South Side Dallas is a popular location for nightly entertainment. The neighborhood has undergone extensive development and community integration. What

4446-531: Is the location of Deep Ellum , an arts area close to Downtown, the Lakewood neighborhood (and adjacent areas, including Lakewood Heights , Wilshire Heights , Lower Greenville , Junius Heights , and Hollywood Heights/Santa Monica ), Vickery Place and Bryan Place , and the architecturally significant neighborhoods of Swiss Avenue and Munger Place . Its historic district has one of the largest collections of Frank Lloyd Wright -inspired prairie-style homes in

4563-503: The Interstate Highway System reinforced Dallas's prominence as a transportation hub , with four major interstate highways converging in the city and a fifth interstate loop around it. Dallas then developed as a strong industrial and financial center and a major inland port , due to the convergence of major railroad lines, interstate highways, and the construction of Dallas Fort Worth International Airport , one of

4680-651: The Morton H. Meyerson Symphony Center . Good examples of postmodernist skyscrapers are Fountain Place , Bank of America Plaza , Renaissance Tower , JPMorgan Chase Tower , and Comerica Bank Tower . Downtown Dallas also has residential offerings in downtown, some of which are signature skyline buildings. Several smaller structures are fashioned in the Gothic Revival style, such as the Kirby Building , and

4797-508: The North Texas region, the city of Dallas is the main core of the largest metropolitan area in the Southern United States and the largest inland metropolitan area in the U.S. that lacks any navigable link to the sea. Dallas and nearby Fort Worth were initially developed as a product of the construction of major railroad lines through the area allowing access to cotton , cattle , and later oil in North and East Texas . The construction of

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4914-428: The fourth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States at 7.5 million people. It is the most populous city in and seat of Dallas County with portions extending into Collin , Denton , Kaufman , and Rockwall counties. With a 2020 census population of 1,304,379, it is the ninth-most populous city in the U.S. and the third-most populous city in Texas after Houston and San Antonio . Located in

5031-450: The neoclassical style, as seen in the Davis and Wilson Buildings. One architectural "hotbed" in the city is a stretch of historic houses along Swiss Avenue , which has all shades and variants of architecture from Victorian to neoclassical. The Dallas Downtown Historic District protects a cross-section of Dallas commercial architecture from the 1880s to the 1940s. The city of Dallas

5148-475: The southern portion of the city is predominantly black. The west and east sides of the city are predominantly Hispanic or Latino American; Garland also has a large Spanish-speaking population. North Dallas has many enclaves of predominantly white, black and especially Hispanic or Latino American residents. The Dallas area is also a major living destination for Black and African Americans primarily due to its strong and diverse economy. Between 2010 and 2020,

5265-698: The 18th and 19th centuries an outlet through which to share their literary skills, and allowed girls an opportunity to document their own personalized historical record previously not readily available to them. In "Negotiating Intimacy in British Romantic Friendship Albums," Renee Bryzik has analyzed five albums from the Pfozheimer archive at the New York Public Library that illustrate the practice's range in style and content. For example, college women around

5382-399: The 19th century, scrapbooking was seen as a more involved way to preserve one's experiences than journaling or other writing-based forms of logging. Printed material such as cheap newspapers, visiting cards, playbills, and pamphlets circulated widely during the 19th century and often became the primary components of peoples’ scrapbooks. The growing volume of ephemera of this kind, parallel to

5499-414: The 2020 American Community Survey , the median income for a household in the city was $ 54,747; families had a median household income of $ 60,895; married-couple families $ 81,761; and non-families $ 45,658. In 2003–2007's survey, male full-time workers had a median income of $ 32,265 versus $ 32,402 for female full-time workers. The per capita income for the city was $ 25,904. About 18.7% of families and 21.7% of

5616-573: The Austin Chalk Formation, a limestone escarpment (also known as the "White Rock Escarpment"), rises 230 feet (70 m) and runs roughly north–south through Dallas County. South of the Trinity River , the uplift is particularly noticeable in the neighborhoods of Oak Cliff and the adjacent cities of Cockrell Hill, Cedar Hill , Grand Prairie , and Irving . Marked variations in terrain are also found in cities immediately to

5733-703: The Dallas area had the second-most new Black and African American residents only behind the Atlanta area and slightly above the Houston area. The notable influx of African Americans is partly due to the New Great Migration . There is a significant number of people from the Horn of Africa , immigrants from Ethiopia , Eritrea and Somalia . The Dallas–Fort-Worth metroplex had an estimated 70,000 Russian-speakers (as of November 6, 2012) mostly immigrants from

5850-521: The Dallas region, forcing temperatures below the 40 °F (4 °C) mark for several days at a time and often between days with high temperatures above 80 °F (27 °C). Snow accumulation is seen in the city in about 70% of winter seasons, and snowfall generally occurs 1–2 days out of the year for a seasonal average of 1.5 inches (4 cm). Some areas in the region, however, receive more than that, while other areas receive negligible snowfall or none at all. The all-time record low temperature within

5967-580: The Metro Dallas Homeless Alliance Continuum of Care 2022 Homeless Count & Survey Independent Analysis, "approximately 1 of 3 (31%) those experiencing homelessness were found on the streets or in other places not meant for human habitation." The region surrounding Dallas is a habitat for mosquitoes, creating a pest problem for humans. Dallas and the surrounding area is sprayed regularly to control mosquito-borne diseases such as West Nile virus . Dallas's population

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6084-706: The Mexican Revolution. Despite the onset of the Great Depression , business in construction was flourishing in 1930. That year, Columbus Marion "Dad" Joiner struck oil 100 miles (160 km) east of Dallas in Kilgore , spawning the East Texas oil boom . Dallas quickly became the financial center for the oil industry in Texas and Oklahoma . During World War II , Dallas was a major manufacturing center for military automobiles and aircraft for

6201-659: The Mexican president Álvaro Obregón along with the former revolutionary general visited Downtown Dallas's Mexican Park in Little Mexico ; the small park was on the corner of Akard and Caruth Street, site of the current Fairmont Hotel. The small neighborhood of Little Mexico was home to a Latin American population that had been drawn to Dallas by factors including the American Dream , better living conditions, and

6318-537: The North collide with warm, humid air streaming in from the Gulf Coast , leading to severe thunderstorms with lightning , torrents of rain, hail , and occasionally, tornadoes . Over time, tornadoes have probably been the most significant natural threat to the city, as it is near the heart of Tornado Alley . A few times each winter in Dallas, warm and humid air from the south will override cold, dry air, resulting in freezing rain or ice and causing disruptions in

6435-442: The Trinity River southeast of Downtown Dallas. Trails along White Rock Creek are part of the extensive Dallas County Trails System. Bachman Lake , just northwest of Love Field Airport , is a smaller lake also popularly used for recreation. Northeast of the city is Lake Ray Hubbard , a vast 22,745-acre (92 km ) reservoir in an extension of Dallas surrounded by the suburbs of Garland , Rowlett , Rockwall , and Sunnyvale . To

6552-605: The United Kingdom in the nineteenth century. In the 15th century, commonplace books , popular in England, emerged as a way to compile information that included recipes, quotations, letters, poems, and more. Each commonplace book was unique to its creator's particular interests. Friendship albums became popular in the 16th century. These albums were used much like modern day yearbooks , where friends or patrons would enter their names, titles and short texts or illustrations at

6669-735: The United States and Allied forces. Over 94,000 jeeps and over 6,000 military trucks were produced at the Ford plant in East Dallas. North American Aviation manufactured over 18,000 aircraft at their plant in Dallas, including the T-6 Texan trainer, P-51 Mustang fighter, and B-24 Liberator bomber. On November 22, 1963, United States President John F. Kennedy was assassinated on Elm Street while his motorcade passed through Dealey Plaza in Downtown Dallas. The upper two floors of

6786-416: The United States until closer to 1860. Before that point, photographs were not thought of as items to be reproduced and shared. Demand for photo albums was spurred on in large part by the growing popularity of the carte de visite , a small photograph distributed in the same manner one might a visiting card . Old scrapbooks tended to have photos mounted with photomounting corners and perhaps notations of who

6903-596: The United States, Plano , the northern suburb of Dallas, has the 6th largest Chinese American population as of 2016. The Plano-Richardson area in particular had an estimated 30,000 Iranian Americans in 2012. With so many immigrant groups, there are often multilingual signs in the linguistic landscape . According to U.S. Census Bureau data released in December 2013, 23 percent of Dallas County residents were foreign-born, while 16 percent of Tarrant County residents were foreign-born. The 2018 census estimates determined that

7020-507: The United States. In the northeast quadrant of the city is Lake Highlands , one of Dallas's most unified middle-class neighborhoods. Southwest of Downtown lies Oak Cliff . Once a separate city founded in the mid-1800s, Oak Cliff was annexed in 1903 by Dallas. As one of the oldest areas in Dallas, the hilly North Oak Cliff is home to 5 of the 13 conservation districts in Dallas including the architecturally significant Kessler Park neighborhood and trendy Bishop Arts District . South Dallas

7137-453: The age of 18 living with them. Approximately 36.2% of households were headed by married couples living together, 57.2% had a single householder male or female with no spouse present, and 35.6% were classified as non-family households with the householder living alone. In 2010, 33.7% of all households had one or more people under 18 years of age, and 17.6% had one or more people who were 65 years of age or older. The average household size in 2020

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7254-419: The air pollution in Dallas and the surrounding area comes from a hazardous materials incineration plant in the small town of Midlothian and from cement plants in neighboring Ellis County . The average daily low in Dallas is 57.4 °F (14 °C), and the average daily high is 76.9 °F (25 °C). Dallas receives approximately 39.1 inches (993 mm) of rain per year. The record snowfall for Dallas

7371-462: The area was considered part of the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas . In 1836, Texians , with a majority of Anglo-American settlers, gained independence from Mexico and formed the Republic of Texas . Three years after Texas achieved independence, John Neely Bryan surveyed the area around present-day Dallas. In 1839, accompanied by his dog and a Cherokee he called Ned, he planted a stake in

7488-720: The area, most notably the annual Alan Ross Texas Freedom (Pride) Parade and Festival in June which draws approximately 50,000. For decades, the Oak Lawn and Bishop Arts districts have been known as the epicenters of LGBT culture in Dallas. Scrapbooking Scrapbooking is a method of preserving, presenting, and arranging personal and family history in the form of a book, box, or card. Typical memorabilia include photographs, printed media, and artwork. Scrapbook albums are often decorated and frequently contain extensive journal entries or written descriptions. Scrapbooking started in

7605-556: The building from which the Warren Commission reported assassin Lee Harvey Oswald shot Kennedy have been converted into a historical museum covering the former president's life and accomplishments. Kennedy was pronounced dead at Dallas Parkland Memorial Hospital just over 30 minutes after the shooting. On July 7, 2016, multiple shots were fired at a Black Lives Matter protest in Downtown Dallas , held against

7722-783: The city boundaries— Cockrell Hill , Highland Park , and University Park . According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 385.8 square miles (999.3 km ); 340.5 square miles (881.9 km ) of Dallas is land and 45.3 square miles (117.4 km ) of it (11.75%) is water. Dallas makes up one-fifth of the much larger urbanized area known as the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex , in which one quarter of all Texans live. Dallas's skyline has twenty buildings classified as skyscrapers , over 490 feet (150 m) in height. Despite its tallest building not reaching 980 feet (300 m), Dallas does have

7839-691: The city if the roads and highways become slick. Temperatures reaching 70 °F (21 °C) on average occur on at least four days each winter month. Dallas averages 26 annual nights at or below freezing, with the winter of 1999–2000 holding the record for the fewest freezing nights with 14. During this same span of 15 years, the temperature in the region has only twice dropped below 15 °F (−9 °C), though it will generally fall below 20 °F (−7 °C) in most (67%) years. The U.S. Department of Agriculture places Dallas in Plant Hardiness Zone 8b . However, mild winter temperatures in

7956-552: The city is −10 °F (−23 °C), set on February 12, 1899 during the Great Blizzard of 1899 . The temperature at nearby Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport reached −2 °F (−19 °C) on February 16, 2021, during the February 2021 North American winter storm . Spring and autumn are transitional seasons with moderate and pleasant weather. Vibrant wildflowers (such as the bluebonnet , Indian paintbrush and other flora ) bloom in spring and are planted around

8073-417: The city of Dallas had 1,304,379 residents, an increase of 106,563 since the 2010 United States census . However, as of July 1, 2022, the U.S. Census Bureau estimates that Dallas in first years since the 2020 census lost 4,835 people, leaving the city with a population of 1,299,544. There were 524,498 households at the 2020 estimates, up from 2010's 458,057 households, out of which 137,523 had children under

8190-500: The city of Dallas's foreign-born population consisted of 25.4% naturalized citizens and 74.6% non-citizens. Recognized for having one of the largest lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) populations in the nation, Dallas and the Metroplex are widely noted for being home to a vibrant and diverse LGBT community . Throughout the year there are many well-established but quite small compared to other cities LGBT events held in

8307-762: The city's history: those of France, Spain, and Mexico, the flag of the Republic of Texas, the Confederate flag, and the flag of the United States of America. In 1819, the Adams–Onís Treaty between the United States and Spain defined the Red River as the northern boundary of New Spain, officially placing the future location of Dallas well within Spanish territory. The area remained under Spanish rule until 1821, when Mexico declared independence from Spain , and

8424-499: The city. Interstate 35E parallels its path through Dallas along the Stemmons Corridor , then south alongside the western portion of Downtown and past South Dallas and Pleasant Grove, where the river is paralleled by Interstate 45 until it exits the city and heads southeast towards Houston . The river is flanked on both sides by 50 feet (15 m) tall earthen levees to protect the city from frequent floods. Since it

8541-652: The fall of 2008, Michaels Stores opened its 1,000th store. In 2010, Michaels began a partnership with Chef Duff to feature the Duff Goldman Collection in its stores. The line includes baking products including fondant, sprinkle sets, color spray, cake tattoos, and color paste. In February 2011, Michaels and Aaron Brothers stores suffered a data compromise that affected their debit card terminals in 20 states. The company alerted customers who made PIN-based purchases between February 8 and May 6, 2011, that their data may have been exposed. A class action lawsuit

8658-536: The fifth-most diverse city in the United States in 2018. Indigenous tribes in North Texas included the Caddo , Tawakoni , Wichita , Kickapoo and Comanche . Spanish colonists claimed the territory of Texas in the 18th century as a part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain . Later, France also claimed the area but never established much settlement. In all, six flags have flown over the area preceding and during

8775-560: The former Soviet Bloc . Included in this population are Russians , Russian Jews , Ukrainians , Belarusians , Moldavians , Uzbek , Kirghiz , and others. The Russian-speaking population of Dallas has continued to grow in the sector of "American husbands-Russian wives". Russian DFW has its own newspaper, The Dallas Telegraph . In addition, Dallas and its suburbs are home to a large number of Asian Americans including those of Indian , Vietnamese , Chinese , Korean , Filipino , Japanese , and other heritage. Among large-sized cities in

8892-632: The future (such as its location in Regina, Saskatchewan , which in 2023 became the first Canadian location to adopt the format after having been closed following a fire). In March 2021, The Michaels Companies agreed to be acquired by private equity company Apollo Global Management , taking the company private. Michaels Stores sell a variety of arts and crafts products, including scrapbooking , beading , knitting , rubber stamping , home décor items, floral items, kids' crafts, paints , framing , greenery , baking , and many seasonal items. Michaels produces

9009-539: The ground on a bluff located near three forks of the Trinity River and left. Two years later, in 1841, he returned to establish a permanent settlement named Dallas. The origin of the name is uncertain. The official historical marker states it was named after Vice President George M. Dallas of Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . However, this is disputed. Other potential theories for the origin include his brother, Commodore Alexander James Dallas , as well as brothers Walter R. Dallas and James R. Dallas. A further theory gives

9126-421: The growth of industrialized society, created a demand for methods of cataloguing and preserving them. This is why scrapbooks devoted solely to cataloguing recipes, coupons, or other lists were also common during this time. Until later in the 19th century, scrapbooks were seen as functional as well as aesthetically pleasing. Several factors, including marketing strategies and technological advancement, contributed to

9243-490: The highways throughout Texas. Springtime weather can be quite volatile , but temperatures themselves are mild. Late spring to early summer also tends to be the most humid, with humidity levels frequently exceeding 75%. The weather in Dallas is also generally pleasant from late September to early December and on many winter days. Autumn often brings more storms and tornado threats, but they are usually fewer and less severe than in spring. Each spring, cold fronts moving south from

9360-416: The history of art from the 1960s when Louise Nevelson was doing "Assemblages" with found objects and recycled parts. Modern scrapbooking is done largely on 12 inch (30 cm) square or letter-size ( US Letter (8.5 by 11 inch) or A4 (210 by 297 mm)) pages. More recently, smaller albums have become popular. The most common new formats are 6, 7, or 8-inch (15, 17.5, or 20 cm) square. It

9477-594: The hottest months, with an average high of 96.0  °F (36  °C ) and an average low of 76.7 °F (25 °C). Heat indices regularly surpass 105 °F (41 °C) due to elevated humidity during the summer months, making the summer heat almost unbearable. The all-time record high is 113 °F (45 °C), set on June 26 and 27, 1980 during the Heat Wave of 1980 at nearby Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport . Winters in Dallas are usually mild, with occasional cold spells. The average date of first frost

9594-401: The image of scrapbooking moving further toward the aesthetic plane over the years. The advent of modern photography began with the first permanent photograph created by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce in 1826. This allowed the average person to begin to incorporate photographs into their scrapbooks. However, books or albums made specifically for showcasing photographs alone were not popularized in

9711-408: The largest and busiest airports in the world. In addition, Dallas Area Rapid Transit (DART) operates rail and bus transit services throughout the city and its surrounding suburbs. Dominant sectors of its diverse economy include defense , financial services , information technology , telecommunications , and transportation . The Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex hosts 23 Fortune 500 companies,

9828-486: The largest ethnic group in the city proper, reflecting nationwide demographic trends. The Dallas area is a major living destination for Mexican Americans and other Hispanic and Latino American immigrants. The southwestern portion of the city, particularly Oak Cliff is chiefly inhabited by Hispanic and Latino American residents. The southeastern portion of the city Pleasant Grove is chiefly inhabited by African American and Hispanic or Latino American residents, while

9945-528: The most ardent scrapbookers of the 18th century was William Henry Dorsey , an artist who collected documents, paintings and artifact pertaining to Black history. Dorsey compiled hundreds of scrapbooks on the lives of Black people during the 18th century and built a collection that he laid out in his home in Philadelphia. Marielen Wadley Christensen (pronounced as the names "Mary Ellen"), of Elk Ridge, Utah , United States (formerly of Spanish Fork, Utah )

10062-433: The number of independent scrapbooking stores declined from a high of 4,200 to about 1,200 independent storefronts. The number of scrapbooking manufacturers also declined in that same period from a high of 800 to under 250 . In addition to the collection of photographs, tickets, postcards, and other memorabilia, journaling is often a principal element in modern scrapbooks. Journaling is text that describes, explains, or accents

10179-481: The past 15 to 20 years had encouraged the horticulture of more cold-sensitive plants such as Washingtonia filifera and Washingtonia robusta palms , nearly all of which died off during the February 2021 North American winter storm . According to the American Lung Association , Dallas has the 12th highest air pollution among U.S. cities, ranking it behind Los Angeles and Houston . Much of

10296-453: The photographs on a scrapbook page. Contemporary journaling can take many forms. It can be reflective and story-like, take a reportive tone, or simply be a list of words. Journaling may also include song lyrics, quotations, and poems. The value of journaling lies in the fact that it provides an account of family histories that may otherwise not be preserved. Many consider journaling one of the most important elements of any scrapbook. Journaling

10413-502: The physicality of the actual artifacts they paste onto the pages of books, the digital scrapbooking hobby has grown in popularity in recent years. Some of the advantages include a greater diversity of materials, less environmental impact, cost savings, the ability to share finished pages more readily on the internet, and the use of image editing software to experiment with manipulating page elements in multiple ways without making permanent adjustments. A traditional scrapbook layout may employ

10530-483: The point where digital scrapbook layouts may be made entirely online using Web-based software. Users upload their photos, create a digital scrapbook layout using a Web page and digital scrapbook graphics. The layout can then be downloaded as a low-resolution JPEG file for sharing on the Web or as a high-resolution JPEG file for printing. Scrapbooking crops (or "Crops") are events where 2 or more scrapbookers gather to work in

10647-589: The police killings of two black men from other states. The gunman, later identified as Micah Xavier Johnson, began firing at police officers at 8:58 p.m., killing five officers and injuring nine. Two bystanders were also injured. This marked the deadliest day for U.S. law enforcement since the September 11 attacks . Johnson told police during a standoff that he was upset about recent police shootings of black men and wanted to kill whites, especially white officers. After hours of negotiation failed, police resorted to

10764-413: The population were below the poverty line, including 33.6% of those under age 18 and 13.4% of those aged 65 or over. Per 2007's survey, the median price for a house was $ 129,600; by 2020, the median price for a house was valued at $ 252,300, with 54.4% of owner-occupied units from $ 50,000 to $ 299,999. The 2022 Point-In-Time Homeless Count found there were 4,410 homeless people in Dallas. According to

10881-478: The request of the album's owner. These albums were often created as souvenirs of European tours and would contain local memorabilia including coats of arms or works of art commissioned by local artisans. Starting in 1570, it became fashionable to incorporate colored plates depicting popular scenes such as Venetian costumes or Carnival scenes. These provided affordable options as compared to original works and, as such, these plates were not sold to commemorate or document

10998-833: The same place. This includes tools such as colorful paper, stickers, patterns, fonts, etc. All features allow for simple cropping and resizing to fulfill the scrapbooker's vision. Furthermore, the addition of designs and templates permit a convenient organization of pictures and quick upload of photos. All the photos and tools are available in one place, making the process easily transportable and well-situated for any location. The advent of scanners , desktop publishing , page layout programs, and advanced printing options make it relatively easy to create professional-looking layouts in digital form. The internet allows scrapbookers to self-publish their work. Scrapbooks that exist completely in digital image form are referred to as "digital scrapbooks" or "computer scrapbooks". While some people prefer

11115-427: The scrapbook. Older "magnetic" albums are not acid-free and thus cause damage to the photos and memorabilia included in them. Gloves, too, are used to protect photos from the oil on hands. An international standard, ISO 18902, provides specific guidelines on materials that are safe for scrapbooking through its requirements for albums, framing, and storage materials. ISO 18902 includes requirements for photo-safety and

11232-421: The second-most in Texas and fourth-most in the United States, and 11 of those companies are located within Dallas city limits. Over 41 colleges and universities are located within its metropolitan area, which is the most of any metropolitan area in Texas. The city has a population from a myriad of ethnic and religious backgrounds and is one of the largest LGBT communities in the U.S. WalletHub named Dallas

11349-461: The size, surface, frame, and mat. Michaels also develops over a dozen private brands sold in Michaels stores, including Recollections, Studio Décor, Bead Landing, Creatology, and Ashland. Dallas Dallas ( / ˈ d æ l ə s / ) is a city in the U.S. state of Texas and the most populous city in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex , the most populous metropolitan area in Texas and

11466-534: The supplies. Designed to preserve photographs and journaling in their original state, materials encouraged by most serious scrapbookers are of a higher quality than those of many typical photo albums commercially available. Scrappers insist on acid-free , lignin -free papers, stamp ink, and embossing powder. In using pigment-based inks, which are fade resistant, colorfast, and often waterproof , scrappers can preserve their works. Many scrappers use buffered paper, which will protect photos from acid in memorabilia used in

11583-409: The tools mentioned along with "fancy" textured scissors. Various accessories, referred to as " embellishments ", are used to decorate scrapbook pages. Embellishments include stickers , rub-ons, stamps , eyelets , brads , chipboard elements in various shapes, alphabet letters, lace , wire, fabric, beads, sequins, and ribbon . The use of die cut machines is also increasingly popular; in recent years

11700-455: The turn of the century used scrapbooks extensively to construct representations of their everyday life as students. Without photograph albums to provide images of these life events, students created unique representations through scrapbooks in order to illustrate their lives using ephemera and memorabilia. A guest list or group of visiting cards might represent a young woman's visit to a party. A playbill and ticket stub might serve as reminders of

11817-468: The ultimate origin as the village of Dallas, Moray , Scotland, similar to the way Houston , Texas, was named after Sam Houston , whose ancestors came from the Scottish village of Houston, Renfrewshire . The Republic of Texas was annexed by the United States in 1845 and Dallas County was established the following year. Dallas was formally incorporated as a city on February 2, 1856. In the mid-1800s,

11934-406: The ways to learn about events are mainly through word of mouth, social media, and community postings. Some people attribute the increased interest in scrapbooking to a renewed passion for genealogy , while others say that it is an outlet for those interested in photography and graphic design . For evidence of interest in scrapbooking, consider the following facts: During that same time frame

12051-480: The west in Tarrant County surrounding Fort Worth, as well as along Turtle Creek north of Downtown. Dallas, like many other cities, was founded along a river. The city was founded at the location of a "white rock crossing" of the Trinity River, where it was easier for wagons to cross the river in the days before ferries or bridges. The Trinity River, though not usefully navigable, is the major waterway through

12168-594: The west of the city is Mountain Creek Lake , once home to the Naval Air Station Dallas ( Hensley Field ) and a number of defense aircraft manufacturers. North Lake , a small body of water in an extension of the city limits surrounded by Irving and Coppell , initially served as a water source for a nearby power plant but is now being targeted for redevelopment as a recreational lake due to its proximity to Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport ,

12285-483: The world. White Rock Lake and Joe Pool Lake are reservoirs that comprise Dallas's other significant water features. Built at the beginning of the 20th century, White Rock Lake Park is a popular destination for boaters, rowers, joggers, and bikers, as well as visitors seeking peaceful respite from the city at the 66-acre (267,000 m ) Dallas Arboretum and Botanical Garden , on the lake's eastern shore. White Rock Creek feeds into White Rock Lake and then exits into

12402-518: Was 11.2 inches (28 cm) on February 11, 2010. Dallas is the ninth-most-populous city in the United States and third in Texas after the cities of Houston and San Antonio . Its metropolitan area encompasses one-quarter of the population of Texas, and is the largest in the Southern U.S. and Texas followed by the Greater Houston metropolitan area . At the 2020 United States census

12519-484: Was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.41. In 2018, the owner-occupied housing rate was 40.2% and the renter-occupied housing rate was 59.8%. At the 2010 census, the city's age distribution of the population showed 26.5% under the age of 18 and 8.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31.8 years. In 2010, 50.0% of the population was male and 50.0% was female. In 2020, the median age 32.9 years; for every 100 females, there were 98.4 males. According to

12636-476: Was Black or African American, 0.7% American Indian and Alaska Native , 2.9% Asian, and 2.6% from two or more races ; 42.4% of the total population was of Hispanic or Latino American origin (they may be of any race). At the U.S. Census Bureau 's 2019 estimates, 29.1% were non-Hispanic White 24.3% Black and African American, 0.3% American Indian or Alaska Native, 3.7% Asian, and 1.4% from two or more races. Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islanders made up

12753-608: Was among the first skyscrapers west of the Mississippi and the tallest building in Texas for some time. It marked the prominence of Dallas as a city. A racetrack for thoroughbreds was built and their owners established the Dallas Jockey Club. Trotters raced at a track in Fort Worth, where a similar drivers club was based. The rapid expansion of population increased competition for jobs and housing. In 1910,

12870-478: Was begun in the early 2000s. The project area reaches for over 20 miles (32 km) in length within the city, while the overall geographical land area addressed by the Land Use Plan is approximately 44,000 acres (180 km ) in size—about 20% of the land area in Dallas. Green space along the river encompasses approximately 10,000 acres (40 km ), making it one of the largest and diverse urban parks in

12987-645: Was filed against Michaels in the County Court of Passaic, New Jersey over the incident. In March 2012, Reuters reported that JPMorgan Chase and Goldman Sachs were "the leads on what could be one of the year's largest IPOs in the retail sector", with one source saying the IPO would be registered in April. Reuters further reported that Michaels posted earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation, and amortization of $ 661 million in 2011 and had total debt of $ 3.5 billion as of January 28, 2012. The filing, for

13104-574: Was first publicly traded (on NASDAQ) under parent entity The Michaels Companies, which operated 16 stores. Over the next decade, the company bought craft and hobby stores in local and regional markets. In 1994, Michaels Stores expanded acquired craft stores in the Pacific Northwest, including Treasure House Crafts, Oregon Craft & Floral Supply, and H&H Craft & Floral. In the Midwest and Northeast, it bought Leewards Creative Crafts ,

13221-408: Was historically predominantly White (non-Hispanic Whites made up 82.8% of the population in 1930), but its population has diversified due to immigration and white flight over the 20th century. Since then, the non-Hispanic White population has declined to less than one-third of the city's population. According to the 2010 U.S. census, 50.7% of the population was White (28.8% non-Hispanic White), 24.8%

13338-475: Was in a photo or where and when it was taken. They often included bits of memorabilia like newspaper clippings, letters, etc. An early known American scrapbooker and inventor of scrapbooking supplies was Mark Twain . Twain carried scrapbooks on his travels as he collected souvenirs, clippings, and pictures. Various individuals and communities created scrapbooks throughout the twentieth century in Britain. Among

13455-830: Was invited to display them at the World Conference on Records in Salt Lake City . In 1981 Marielen and her husband Anthony Jay ("A.J.") authored and published a how-to booklet, Keeping Memories Alive, and opened a scrapbook store in Spanish Fork that ended up with the same name, that remains open today. In addition to preserving memories, the hobby is popular for the strong social network that scrapbooking can provide. Hobbyists, known as "scrappers" or "scrapbookers", get together and scrapbook at each other's homes, local scrapbook stores, scrapbooking conventions, retreat centers, and even on cruises. The term "crop",

13572-416: Was once an area characterized by high rates of poverty and crime is now one of the city's most attractive social and living destinations. Further east, in the southeast quadrant of the city, is the large neighborhood of Pleasant Grove . Once an independent city, it is a collection of mostly lower-income residential areas stretching to Seagoville in the southeast. Though a city neighborhood, Pleasant Grove

13689-477: Was rerouted in the late 1920s, the river has been little more than a drainage ditch within a floodplain for several miles above and below Downtown, with a more normal course further upstream and downstream, but as Dallas began shifting towards postindustrial society, public outcry about the lack of aesthetic and recreational use of the river ultimately gave way to the Trinity River Project , which

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