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Milton GO Station

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Milton GO Station is the western terminus of GO Transit 's Milton line in the Greater Toronto Area , Ontario, Canada. It is located at 780 Main Street East in the Town of Milton , near Main Street and Ontario Street.

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68-475: Milton GO Station offers parking for commuters, a station building housing ticket sales and a waiting room (open from 5:45 AM to 9:00 AM on weekdays), and a bus loop serving GO and Milton Transit buses. Located near Highway 401 , it is placed to be accessible to residents of Cambridge , Kitchener , and Waterloo commuting to Toronto , with user having options such as shuttle buses and a park and ride . A new layover facility (overnight service and storage yard)

136-845: A National Historic Site of Canada since 1975, and a Heritage Railway Station since 1989. Its central position in Canada's busiest inter-city rail service area, " The Corridor ", as well as being the central hub of GO Transit's commuter rail service, makes Union Station Canada's busiest transportation facility and the second-busiest railway station in North America (behind New York Penn Station ), serving over 72   million passengers each year. More than half of all Canadian inter-city passengers and 91 percent of Toronto commuter train passengers travel through Union Station. Via Rail and Amtrak provide inter-city train services while GO Transit operates regional rail services. The station

204-444: A "Metro Centre" development on the south side of Front Street on the site of Union Station and proposed to demolish the structure (which was costing an increasing amount of property taxes but not bringing in revenue). The proposed Metro Centre development was strikingly similar to what occurred with New York City's Penn Station and would have consisted of an underground fourth Union Station (the terminal trackage would have been buried),

272-549: A central heating plant at the corner of York and Fleet streets (now Lake Shore Boulevard West) to replace the original Toronto Hydro plant on Scott Street which had been expropriated by the TTR to build the approach track viaduct to the new station. It was fuelled by coal delivered by a CNR siding and was the largest such facility in Canada when it opened in 1929; it produced 150,000 kilograms (330,000 lb) of steam per hour and 270,000,000 kilograms (600,000,000 lb) annually to heat

340-483: A connection with Miway and Brampton Transit  – the system's first connections to other municipal transit agencies since the connection with Oakville Transit ended. Since the inauguration of the service, there have been major adjustments in order to connect with the growing population of the town, and to the Milton line commuter train and bus routes operated by GO Transit . Milton Transit connects with

408-562: A convention centre, a telecommunications tower, along with complementary office and retail developments. Local opposition to the proposal was successful in having the city council's decision to support the Metro Centre development overturned and Union Station was saved. Although it was converted from coal to natural gas , the Central Heating Plant built in 1929 was decommissioned in the 1980s, and demolished in 1990. It

476-513: A detailed fleet summary, see Milton Transit on the CPTDB Wiki . Union Station (Toronto) Union Station is a major railway station and intermodal transportation hub in Toronto , Ontario, Canada. The station is located in downtown Toronto , on Front Street West , on the south side of the block bounded by Bay Street and York Street. The municipal government of Toronto owns

544-668: A direct connection from the GO Concourse to the Path pedestrian tunnel system, a new eastbound platform for the Union TTC station , improved access to streetcars at Union TTC station, and improved capacity for inter-city railway passengers. These developments were part of a $ 100   million initiative announced by the city and its transit authorities, along with the Government of Ontario and Government of Canada. On August 5, 2009,

612-440: A green roof installed, reducing the urban heat island effect and stormwater runoff; however, with the project being almost eight years behind and multiple times over budget, along with the fact that plant-watering logistics would clash with the planned overhead wiring for electrification, the addition of a green roof was cancelled. The central portion of the original train shed, totalling 30,000 square metres (320,000 square feet),

680-537: A platform a short walk west of the main station building, accessible by the SkyWalk . Toronto's Union Station is located at 61 Front Street West, between Bay and York Streets in Toronto's business district, with Toronto's Entertainment District beginning across Bay Street. It is roughly at the city's east-west centre. It is also close to Lake Ontario , which marks Toronto's southern boundary. The southernmost part of

748-558: A preserved heritage feature of the platform 3 area; these were restored. The decorative, cast-iron columns along the platform were restored and reinstalled. Other structural renovations were done along the length of the platform. Once the north tower of the CIBC Square is completed, stair and elevator access will be reinstated between platform 3 and the Bay East Teamway. The 23 platforms are numbered from 3 to 27, but there

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816-519: A ribbon-cutting ceremony, using a pair of gold scissors. In attendance were Prince George , Lieutenant Governor of Ontario William Donald Ross and his wife, Prime Minister of Canada William Lyon Mackenzie King , Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Stanley Baldwin and Mrs. Baldwin, Premier of Ontario George Howard Ferguson , and other members of the government of Ontario and government of Canada . Prince Edward

884-405: A total of 28 bays. The structures at either end have an additional ten bays. Three rectangular windows fill each bay, lighting the interior hall with plenty of natural light. However, the building's external profile is hard and flat, with a line of huge columns, heavy ornamentation and strong symmetry. The recessed main entrance is framed by two sets of four columns, with relief wreaths carved into

952-549: Is also connected to the subway and streetcar system of the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) at its adjacent namesake subway station . GO Transit's Union Station Bus Terminal , located in CIBC Square , is connected to Union Station by a 40-metre (130 ft) enclosed walkway above Bay Street. The Union Pearson Express , which provides train service to Toronto Pearson International Airport , has

1020-776: Is considered part of the Path network, and connects Union to the CN Tower and Rogers Centre . It is also the location of the Union Pearson Express station. The current Union Station's history can be traced to 1858, when the Grand Trunk Railway (GTR) opened Toronto's first Union Station west of the present Union Station. The wooden structure was shared with the Northern Railway and the Great Western Railway . This structure

1088-625: Is in Halton Regional Municipality , part of the Greater Toronto Area . Milton Transit was inaugurated in 1972, and greatly expanded from 3 fixed routes to 5 fixed routes in September 2005. It replaced the former dial-a-bus and GO Transit local connector, which used school buses. The fixed route service was operated in partnership with Oakville Transit , which, however, never provided services connecting

1156-406: Is laid out in an ashlar pattern, constructed with smooth beige Indiana and Queenston limestone. The colonnaded loggia which faces Front Street features 22 equally spaced Roman Tuscan columns made from Bedford limestone, each 40 feet (12 m) high and weighing 75 tons. Fourteen three-storey bays, each with severely delineated fenestration, form the façade on either side of the central colonnade for

1224-422: Is no platform 1, 2, 23 or 24. The platforms were renumbered in 2008 for the benefit of operational staff in order to provide a correlation between platform numbers and track numbers. (Prior to the renumbering, the platform numbers had an A or B suffix that proved to be confusing for both customers and operational staff.) Tracks and platforms are each numbered from north to south with track 1 being beside platform 3 on

1292-433: Is now site of The Ice condo towers. In 1978, CN and CP transferred responsibility for their passenger rail services to Via Rail, a new federal Crown corporation ; however, CN and CP retained their 50% ownership shares of the TTR. The GO Transit commuter rail agency which was established on May 23, 1967, had been undergoing unprecedented expansion which was seeing Union Station see passenger levels that outstripped some of

1360-423: Is what makes it look from the front as though a second building were rising behind the colonnade, is made of coffered Guastavino tiles . The walls are faced with Zumbro stone from Missouri, and the floors are constructed of Tennessee marble laid in a herringbone pattern. Below the cornice surrounding the "Great Hall" are carved the names of many Canadian destinations, from the east coast to Vancouver, accessible by

1428-588: The CN Tower are all close by, and are visible from some parts of the station. Like Union Station, these structures were built on former Railway Lands . All of them can be accessed directly from Union Station via the Skywalk. The land around the CN Tower has been converted to a public park. Union Station will soon be linked via a Path bridge on the east side to the Backstage Condominium building at

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1496-615: The Canadian Pacific Railway and Canadian National, were reducing their services to the bare minimum mandated under the Canadian Transport Commission, largely as a result of unsustainable losses caused by increased competition from new, subsidized four-lane highways and airports. The third Union Station's future was looking bleak by 1972, when both railways sought to increase return on their underutilized waterfront rail classification yards which

1564-552: The Gardiner Expressway , which lies between Union Station and Lake Ontario, provides easy core access to GO Transit buses. Union Station's columned façade and main entrance faces north, towards downtown Toronto. The Fairmont Royal York Hotel , a former railway hotel, is directly across Front Street from Union Station and can be accessed from the station both at street level and via an underground passageway called Path . The Dominion Public Building , another building from

1632-777: The Grand Trunk Pacific Railway and the National Transcontinental Railway ) and the Canadian Northern Railway was undertaking an aggressive expansion across the prairies and into southern Ontario. On July 13, 1906, the Toronto Terminals Railway (TTR) was incorporated to "construct, provide, maintain and operate at the City of Toronto a union passenger station ". The TTR was jointly owned by

1700-399: The Toronto Transit Commission opened its Union subway station adjacent to Union Station but buried beneath Front Street West. This subway station acted as the southern terminus of its new subway line . The subway station included a direct tunnel connection to the lower level passenger concourse. This passageway was closed and replaced by the direct connection between the railway station and

1768-461: The train shed , which contains 23 platforms (11 island platforms and one side platform) south of the Great Hall. On May 11, 2009, the last two platforms were opened, platforms 24/25 between tracks 12 and 13 and platforms 26/27 between tracks 13 and 14 on the south side of the train shed. In July 2022, Metrolinx was having platforms 24 to 27 and their three tracks demolished on the south side of

1836-742: The Bay and York concourses give access to GO train platforms. The Bay West Teamway provides access to platforms 4 to 13 and the Bay South Concourse. The Bay East Teamway provides indoor access to platforms 4 to 13 directly from the Union Station Bus Terminal . As of 2023 , Metrolinx is constructing the new South Concourse. This will connect the south ends of the Bay, Via and York Concourses, and span between Bay and York Streets. It will also provide access to Union Square and Scotiabank Arena. Trains arrive and depart from

1904-583: The GTR and the CPR who each held 50% of the TTR shares. The TTR supervised construction of the new station which began in 1914 and proceeded to 1920, having faced significant delays in the shortage of construction material and workers as a result of the First World War , as well as the GTR's deteriorating financial position due to its ill-fated transcontinental GTPR railway project. The resulting construction saw

1972-495: The Grand Trunk Railway or Canadian Pacific Railway at the time of the station's construction. Many remain destinations on Via Rail routes. While historically shared by many different services, the Great Hall is now occupied primarily by Via Rail, whose agents also provide services to Amtrak passengers. The hall is home to Via's ticket and baggage desks, business class lounge , and several small displays, as well as

2040-494: The TTR and its owners. During this time in 1923, the bankrupt GTR was fully nationalized by the Government of Canada and merged into the Canadian National Railways (CNR), which would assume the GTR's 50% ownership of the TTR and thus the third Union Station. Although the station was incomplete, its building was complete and the station was opened by Prince Edward, Prince of Wales , on August 6, 1927, in

2108-647: The Toronto City Council approved an update of this plan which was projected to cost $ 640   million, with construction lasting from 2010 to 2014. Much of the work was undertaken by or managed by Carillion . The work also involved a complete overhaul of the GO concourses, deepening them to create two storeys of space. The lower level (the food court section of which opened in January 2019) will provide retail space and room for pedestrian traffic flow, and

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2176-664: The York East Teamway, as well as an entrance to a Path tunnel leading across Front Street, between York Street and University Avenue. The York West Teamway is connected to Union Station via the Skywalk. Historically, the 3,700-square-metre (40,000 sq ft) Bay Street Concourse was the hub of GO Transit operations for almost 40 years. The Bay Concourse was closed on August 16, 2015, for revitalization, and reopened on July 27, 2021. The concourse features 72 departure screens, 30 Presto devices, seven ticket vending machines and six self-service Presto reload machines. Both

2244-471: The axial symmetry, classical detailing in both structural and decorative elements, heavy ornamentation, and formal setting is typical of the Beaux-Arts style. The station housed a gun range on the seventh floor from 1927 until 2008. The range was operated for "Canadian Pacific Railway and Canadian National Railway police to practice their shooting skills. It eventually opened to members of the public". It

2312-550: The busiest airports in the world. The consolidated TTR trackage included a flyover west of the station to permit freight trains to cross CN's Oakville subdivision without blocking GO Transit's commuter trains. The flyover was constructed in 1982–83 and also allowed GO trains destined for the CN Weston subdivision to cross over the tracks used by GO and Via trains using the CN Oakville subdivision. The CN Tower had revamped

2380-638: The contract for accessible services which operate on demand until sometime in 2015. Pacific Western Transportation which also holds the contract for conventional service took over operations of Access+ using a Milton branded bus. Milton Transit's fleet consists of 10 New Flyer D40LF - three purchased in 2009, two in 2010 and 5 used ones (ex- Orange County Transportation Authority and later Pacific Western) in 2014 and 2015, 3 New Flyer XD40's (purchased in 2012) and 3 Chevrolet Arboc SOM26D 's in 2013 and two more in 2015, two 2016 Nova Bus LFS for service expansion along with three 2017 and one 2018 Nova Bus LFS. For

2448-639: The contract for conventional transit services with Oakville Transit for a further three years, effective March 1, 2008. In early 2010, the Town of Milton announced that it would be ending its agreements with Oakville Transit and Mississauga Truck and Bus, and that Pacific Western Transportation would be taking over all aspects of service beginning March 8, 2010. On September 26, 2022, Milton Transit began service to Lisgar GO station in Mississauga along Steeles Avenue via Toronto Premium Outlets , giving it

2516-720: The corner of Esplanade and Yonge Street. Toronto's Union Station is Canada's largest and most opulent railway station. The Montreal architecture firm of Ross and Macdonald designed the building in the Beaux-Arts style as a joint venture between the Grand Trunk Railway and the Canadian Pacific Railway, with help from CPR architect Hugh Jones and Toronto architect John M. Lyle . In 1975, the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada cited its design as being of "national architectural significance as one of

2584-415: The elimination of Lorne Street located between Simcoe and Bay from Front to Esplanade with tracks leading west of the new station now in place. Although the new station's headhouse and east and west office wings (the station building visible from Front Street West) were completed in 1920, it did not open to the public for another seven years, until the system of approach tracks was designed and implemented by

2652-406: The entablature above the columns. These columns are composed of three separate segments on top of an incongruous octagonal plinth, implying an Ionic order or Corinthian order ; however, the capital is sculpted in a Doric order . Consequently, these columns appear to be unfinished. The original plan for the columns is not known. A wraparound dentil cornice and a recessed peaked hipped roof creates

2720-414: The finest examples of Beaux-Arts railway station design in Canada". The bilaterally symmetrical building comprises three connecting box masses facing Front Street West, with the main structure in the middle. Together, the three parts measure 752 feet (229 m) long and occupy the entire south side of the block between Bay Street in the east and York Street in the west. The exterior Front Street façade

2788-446: The following day increasing to 303 Milton residents, all using the initial three departure times across six stops to Union Station. All of Milton Transit's regular routes start and end at Milton GO Station except for route 1 between Milton GO Station and Conestoga, and 21 between Milton and Lisgar GO stations Milton Transit Milton Transit is the public transit system in the town of Milton , Ontario , Canada . Milton

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2856-624: The following transit agencies: Mississauga Terminal (North/South) (Weekdays) On-Demand Only (Saturday and after 7:30 p.m. supplementary service weekdays) (East/West) ( Walmart Milton) Peak hours (Saturdays) (In/Out) Peak hours (Saturdays) (In/Out) Louis St. Laurent Peak hours (Saturdays) (In/Out) Philbrook Drive Peak hours (Saturdays) (In/Out) Peak hours (Saturdays) (In/Out) Peak hours (Saturdays) (In/Out) Louis St. Laurent (excluding Sundays) (In/Out) Peak hours (Saturdays) (School year weekdays only) (East/West) (Saturday) Until 7:30 p.m (Saturdays) As

2924-438: The illusion of a flat roof, just like a palazzo. On either side of the main entrance, a blind arch with an ornamental keystone contains a set of three steel-framed doors, along with a large arched window. Decorative friezes separate the arched window from the doors. When these entryway elements are combined, they create a processional experience through the entryway into the grand interior space. The flat-roof illusion, together with

2992-705: The last train from Union Station along the Milton line arrives at the Milton GO Station , drivers will create a routing based on passengers' destinations within the designated zone. Trans-cab is a supplementary service that replaces Route 1 between the Milton GO Station and the Milton Hwy 401 Park and Ride facility at Martin Street. Fares are the same as regular Milton Transit Fares, plus an additional 50 cents. First Canada and A1 Taxi had

3060-579: The municipalities. Oakville Transit also originally stored and maintained the buses at their garage. Buses were later stored and serviced at the Mississauga Truck and Bus Collision (MTB) facility, in Milton. That eliminated unnecessary travel to/from Oakville, as the buses previously had been deadheaded to and from Oakville each day. Prior to the agreement with MTB, Milton's buses were stored at GO Transit's Milton garage. The Town of Milton extended

3128-504: The north side of the train shed. There is an island platform between all pairs of tracks except between tracks 1 and 2 and tracks 11 and 12. Odd numbered platforms are on the north side of a track while even numbered platforms are on the south side of a track. There is a formula to compute the platform number given the track number, with an exception for track 1: Occasionally, freight trains from both Canadian National and Canadian Pacific networks pass through Union Station using two tracks on

3196-402: The outside facade, enduring materials such as bronze, limestone, marble, tiles, and translucent glass create a sense of enduring quality. The entire space is lit with diffused natural light from clerestory windows refracted throughout the lobby. Each end of the Great Hall also features four-storey tall arched windows, based on those of Roman baths. The two-storey-high vaulted ceiling, which

3264-477: The platforms. A new southern entrance, adjacent to the Air Canada Centre, opened in 2010. The 2009 Ontario and Canada government budgets included financing to assist GO, Via and the city in redeveloping and restoring the station. Track has been upgraded with better signals and snow cleaning devices to reduce winter delays to train movement. In 2016, it was realized that the renovated train shed roof

3332-473: The proposed Toronto/Milton commuter rail service, was up for public review in 1980, with an open house session to review the service on August 5, 1980, in Meadowvale. Milton Go Station had its inauguration day on October 25, 1981, and the inaugural run offered a free ride to Union Station. With service effective Monday on October 26, 1981, there were a reported 272 Milton residents using the train line, with

3400-633: The same era, is just to the east of the station, at the corner of Front and Bay Streets. Other major buildings near Union Station are Telus Tower , Royal Bank Plaza , and Brookfield Place . Brookfield Place is home to the Allen Lambert Galleria, a six story high pedestrian thoroughfare, as well as the Hockey Hall of Fame , which holds the Stanley Cup . Scotiabank Arena , Rogers Centre , Metro Toronto Convention Centre , and

3468-491: The second Union Station for a new passenger terminal and in 1905 both the GTR and the CPR decided to proceed with the design and construction of a third union station. The decision to undertake the third union station was made against a backdrop of significant change in the Canadian railway industry. At the same time, the Government of Canada was encouraging the GTR to build a second transcontinental railway (what would become

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3536-428: The south doors to the tracks located several hundred feet to the south while the new viaduct, concourse and train shed were under construction. Demolition of the second Union Station began almost immediately and was completed in 1928. The third Union Station project was not fully completed until 1930 when the train shed was completed; its construction was supervised by the TTR from 1925 to 1930. The TTR also constructed

3604-436: The south side of the train shed. Union Station's west wing is west of the Great Hall. Metrolinx is headquartered in the west wing at 97 Front Street. Across from these offices is an official tourism information centre that provides maps, visitor guides, brochures and tourism specialists to provide help to city visitors. A pathway known as the SkyWalk continues west from the west wing, overtop of York Street. The SkyWalk

3672-569: The station building while the provincial transit agency Metrolinx owns the train shed and trackage. It is operated by the Toronto Terminals Railway, a joint venture of the Canadian National Railway and Canadian Pacific Railway , which directs and controls train movement along the Union Station Rail Corridor, the largest and busiest rail corridor in Canada. Constructed in 1927, Union Station has been

3740-630: The station in order to replace them with two new tracks and two new wider platforms to increase safety and capacity. The train shed was designed by A.   R. Ketterson and built between 1929 and 1930. It is a variation of the Bush train shed invented by Lincoln Bush . A reconstruction of the train shed began in January 2010. The east and west sides of the shed, totalling approximately 30,000 square metres (320,000 square feet) were renovated and restored with input from Parks Canada to help preserve its heritage character. This renovation came with plans to have

3808-664: The station to connect the Path with the Metro Toronto Convention Centre and Rogers Centre. In 2000, the City of Toronto purchased the station building from the TTR, while GO Transit purchased the railway corridor and the Union Station train shed. On July 24, 2003, the City of Toronto agreed to lease Union Station to Union Pearson AirLink Group, a subsidiary of SNC-Lavalin , for a term of 100 years. A subsequent announcement on May 24, 2006, addressed several issues for commuters including: constructing

3876-472: The station's grand clock, a Traveller's Aid desk, and Via's departure board. Passengers can connect with GO Transit services through the 62,000 sq ft (5,800 m ) York Concourse, which opened on April 27, 2015, west of Union Station. This new concourse supplemented the York South Concourse that provided access to platforms 24 to 27. The York and York South Concourses connect to

3944-570: The station; the passenger cars in the train shed; CNR and CPR yard facilities in the area now occupied by the Gardiner Expressway , Rogers Centre and Scotiabank Arena ; the CPR's Royal York Hotel ; the Dominion Public Building; the federal post office building adjacent to the station; and the CN/CP Telecommunications building on Front Street. The first major change to Union Station took place in 1954 when

4012-537: The subway station in 1979 when the subway station mezzanine was renovated and enlarged. In 1990, the TTC's Harbourfront LRT project added an underground streetcar loop now used by the 509 Harbourfront and 510 Spadina streetcar lines. TTC passengers using the Union subway and streetcar station may transfer between both modes without entering Union Station proper. During the early 1970s, Canada's two major passenger railways,

4080-405: The upper storey will be dedicated to passenger traffic onto the platforms. This will expand not only the current GO concourse in the east of the building, but also open up the western end; GO Transit's presence in the building will nearly quadruple. Additional aesthetic points include glass roofs over the moat space around the north sides of the building, and a tall atrium over the central portions of

4148-407: The vision of Toronto's waterfront rail yards and proposals were made to construct what would later become SkyDome (1989) and Air Canada Centre (1999), resulting in further changes to the Union Station trackage. The Path pedestrian tunnel network was built to connect Union Station's passengers with many of the downtown office towers and the SkyWalk was constructed over the terminal trackage west of

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4216-415: Was being viewed as valuable real estate. Both CN and CP began to abandon their extensive waterfront rail classification yards south of the passenger station to make way for urban redevelopment. The Gardiner Expressway project was constructed over part of the railway property and CN had proposed constructing a telecommunication tower (what would become the CN Tower later that decade). CN and CPR proposed

4284-518: Was built in 2006, and opened at the beginning of 2007 with capacity to store eight 12 car trains. Currently, seven 12 car trains are operated, with an eighth train planned to ease congestion in June 2012. This facility replaced one located 8 miles west at Guelph Junction in Campbellville , which could not be expanded beyond its five 10 car tracks. The initial Go Station site layout plans, alongside

4352-533: Was known as the Canadian National Recreation Association (CNRA) handgun club. The city closed the range in 2008 as a symbolic gesture to its effort to reduce gun violence. The front entranceway opens on to the expansive Ticket Lobby, informally known as the "Great Hall". This part of Union Station runs the entire length of the main section. It is 250 feet (76 m) long and 88 feet (27 m) high at its highest point. Like

4420-444: Was presented with the first ticket issued at the station: one "valid for all time" and "between all stations". He proceeded to the Canadian Pacific Railway 's wicket, where he was given a first-class fare from Toronto to High River , Alberta , where his ranch was located. Prince George was given similar tickets. Four days later, the track network was shifted from the second Union Station. To get to trains, passengers would walk from

4488-438: Was removed and replaced with a glass atrium. The structure floats above the tracks and allows daylight to reach the platforms. Platform 3 is the northernmost platform at Union Station and is the only platform at the station serving just one track. It reopened for service on January 10, 2022, after a renovation of its heritage features. Allowing a lower, lighter shed roof in the age of steam, the smoke vents over tracks 1 and 2 are

4556-417: Was replaced by a second Union Station on the same site, opening in 1873. The Canadian Pacific Railway began using the facility in 1884 and it was completely rebuilt, opening in 1896. The Great Toronto Fire of 1904 destroyed the block south of Front Street West, immediately east of the second Union Station (bounded by Bay and York streets), but did not damage the station. The GTR acquired this land east of

4624-520: Was the first person to step off of a train into Union Station; a mixed choir composed of soloists from the city's churches sang the royal anthem, " God Save the King ", as the royal party walked through the concourse. Once he was in the Great Hall, the Prince of Wales quipped, "you build your train stations like we build our cathedrals". He was then escorted to a nearby Canadian National Railway wicket and

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